A C T A
U N I V E R S I T A T I S
L O D Z I E N S I S
_______________FOLIA O E C O N O M IC A 198, 2006
M a riu sz Plich , M arcin P o n e w c z y ń s k i **
PCE IN IMPEC M O D E L - C O N S T R U C T I N G
Л DATABASE
I. I N T R O D U C T I O N
In th e 2 0 y e a rs h isto ry o f th e IM P E C m o d e l P C E (P e rs o n a l C o n s u m p tio n
E x p e n d itu re s) e q u a tio n s h a v e b e e n e s tim a te d m a n y tim es. N u m b e r o f c a te g o rie s
d is tin g u is h e d v arie d fro m 1 to 18. T h e m a x im u m n u m b e r o f c a te g o rie s (1 8 ) is
n o t v ery h ig h a c c o rd in g to s ta n d a rd s o f In fo ru m ty p e m o d e ls. F o r e x a m p le ,
n u m b e r o f e q u a tio n s in U S m o d e l is 93, S p a n ish - 4 2 , J a p a n e s e - 85. T h e rea so n
o f th e c o m p a ra tiv e ly sm a ll n u m b e r o f c a te g o rie s in th e P o lis h m o d e l h as b ee n
th e lack o f d a ta . In th e m id d le o l 9 0 s e q u a tio n s of 18 P C E c a te g o rie s w e re e s ti­
m a te d u sin g A lm o n ’s P A D S sy ste m (see A lm o n 1996). T h e first re su lts w e re
p re se n te d fo r th e In fo ru m C o n fe re n c e in B e rtin o ro in 1997. R e fin e d re su lts w e re
p re se n te d fo r th e M a c ro m o d e ls c o n fe re n c e in 1999 an d p u b lis h e d in th e c o n fe r­
en c e p ro c e e d in g s (P lich 2000). T h a t tim e not m u c h a tte n tio n w a s p aid to p rese n t
the m e th o d o lo g y o f c o n s tru c tin g o f tim e series b ein g the b a se fo r th e estim a tio n s.
P A D S g iv e s a p o ssib ility o f u s in g g ro u p s an d s u b g ro u p s c o n c e p t to e s tim a te
c ro s s -e la s tic itie s . T o u se th is a d v a n ta g e , h o w e v e r, m a n y c a te g o rie s o f P C E
sh o u ld b e d istin g u is h e d . O th e rw ise , su b stitu tio n an d c o m p le m e n ta rity e ffe c ts
c a n n o t b e se p a ra te d . O u r e x p e rie n c e s sh o w e d th a t th e 18 c a te g o rie s , d is tin ­
g u ish e d in th e IM P E C m o d e l, se e m e d to be too little. T h is is th e re a so n w h y
a m o re d e ta ile d d is a g g re g a tio n o f P C E had to b e c o n s id e re d . In th is p a p e r w e
c o n c e n tra te on th e m e th o d o lo g y o f th e d isa g g re g a tio n . P e rio d ta k e n in to a c c o u n t
sta rts in 1980, e n d s in 2001 a n d n u m b e r o f c a te g o rie s d is tin g u is h e d e q u a ls 108
(see p a ra g ra p h 4).
I he final n u m b e r o f 108 ca te g o rie s is a c o m p ro m ise b etw e en o u r g o al to g et as
m an y ca te g o rie s a s p o ssib le and the n ecessity o f linking d iffe ren t c la ssific a tio n s an d
d a ta s o u rc e s re s u ltin g fro m d a ta sc a rc ity (s e e p a ra g ra p h 3). A n o th e r ite m , w h ic h
w e had to h a v e in m in d in th is c o n te x t, is th e p re se n t c la s s ific a tio n u se d b y C e n ­
tral S ta tistic a l O ffic e in P o lan d (G U S ) fo r P C E , i.e. C la s s ific a tio n o f In d iv id u a l
^C hair of Theory and Analyses o f Economic Systems, University o f Łódź.
Chair ot I heory and Analyses o f Economic Systems, University o f Łódź.
[135]
C o n s u m p tio n b y P u rp o s e (C O IC O P ). It is u se d sta rtin g fro m 1998 (s e c p a r a ­
g ra p h 2). T h e c o n s is te n c y o f o u r d a ta w ith C O IC O P w a rra n ts fe w e r tro u b le s in
c o n s tru c tin g P C E d a ta b a s e in th e su b se q u e n t y ea rs.
A s th e so u rc e d a ta fo r P C E d e c o m p o s itio n b o th p u b lis h e d a n d u n p u b lis h e d
in fo rm a tio n fro m G U S h a s b e e n u sed . G e n e ra lly it c o v c rc d c o n s u m p tio n an d
p ric e in d ic e s. T h e p ro c e d u re o f d e c o m p o s itio n c a n b e sp lit in to se v e ra l sta g e s:
1. F irst, a d e c o m p o s itio n o f P C E in c u rre n t p ric c s w a s d o n e . C o n s u m p tio n
p u b lis h e d in N a tio n a l A c c o u n ts (N A ) w a s u sed as th e s ta rtin g p o in t fo r th is d e ­
c o m p o sitio n . In th e p e rio d u n d e r c o n s id e ra tio n ( 1 9 8 0 -2 0 0 1 ) le v el ol d e ta ils v a r­
ied fro m 3 to 45 c a te g o rie s o f c o n s u m p tio n an d c la s s ific a tio n s w e re c h a n g e d
se v e ra l tim e s. T h e d e c o m p o s itio n w a s d o n e b a se d o n h o u s e h o ld b u d g e ts su rv e y s
(U B S ). E ac h o f 108 c a te g o rie s c a n b e c la ssifie d as ’’o rig in a l” ( ta k e n fro m N A )
o r ’’e s tim a te d ” (b a s e d o n I IB S ).
2. N e x t, fo r e a c h o f 108 c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o rie s p ric c in d e x w a s a p p lied .
F o r th e " o r ig in a l” c a te g o rie s d e fla to rs fro m N A w e re u se d . P ric e s fo r th e ’’e s ti­
m a te d ” o n e s w e re e s tim a te d u sin g G U S y e a rly p u b lic a tio n title d “ P ric e in d ic e s
o f g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s ” .
3. H a v in g c o n s u m p tio n in c u rre n t p ric c s a n d p ric c in d ic e s , c o n s ta n t p ric e s
c o n s u m p tio n w a s e s tim a te d fo r 108 ca te g o rie s.
4. B e c a u se so u rc e s o f d a ta u se d for th is d e c o m p o s itio n a re in c o m p a tib le
w ith re g a rd s to c la s s ific a tio n s a s w ell as lev el o f d e ta ils, s o m e c o rre c tio n p r o c e ­
d u re s h a d to b e e s ta b lis h e d . T h e ir p u rp o s e w a s to g et c o n s is te n c y o f 108 c a te g o ­
rie s w ith d a ta ta k e n fo rm N A . T h is m e a n s th a t b o th c u rre n t a n d c o n s ta n t p ric e s
to ta l c o n s u m p tio n g iv e n as su m o f 108 c a te g o rie s m u st b e e q u a l to th e c o n s u m p ­
tio n g iv e n in N A . A lso all su b -su m s o f d is a g g re g a te d c o n s u m p tio n m u st be
e q u a l to a d e q u a te c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o ry ta k e n fro m N A .
5. A sp e c ia l c o rre c tio n p ro c e d u re w a s a p p lie d fo r th e p e rio d 1 9 9 0 -1 9 9 4 . In
th is p e rio d o n ly 3 c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o rie s in N A w e re d is tin g u is h e d a n d th e re ­
fo re H B S d a ta h a d to b e u se d to a w id e ex ten t. G ra p h s o f s o m e c o n s u m p tio n
c a te g o rie s re v e a le d sig n ific a n t “ju m p s ” in 1 9 9 0 an d 1995 w h ic h w e re c a u s e d b y
d iffe re n c e s b e tw e e n th e c o n s u m p tio n stru c tu re in N A an d H B S .
II. S O U R C E D A T A C H A R A C T E R I S T I C S
2.1. N a tio n a l A c c o u n ts
T h e n a tio n a l a c c o u n tin g sy ste m is c o m p o s e d o f a n u m b e r o f m u tu a lly lin k e d
m a c ro e c o n o m ic a c c o u n ts p e rm ittin g c o h e re n t d a ta to b e o b ta in e d re g a rd in g on
th e o n e h a n d in c o m e , i.e. s o u rc e s o f fin a n c in g e x p e n d itu re s a n d o n th e o th e r
h a n d d ata c o n c e rn in g p ro d u c tio n a n d its d istrib u tio n b e tw e e n fin a l c o n s u m p tio n ,
g ro ss c a p ita l f o rm a tio n a n d b a la n c e o f e x c h a n g e w ith a b ro a d (G U S 2 0 0 1 ,
p. 5 30). U su a lly th e c o n s u m p tio n is c o n n e c te d w ith e x p e n d itu re s , th u s w c p ul an
e q u a l sig n b e tw e e n final c o n s u m p tio n a n d e x p e n d itu re s fo r c o n s u m p tio n p u r ­
p o se s. E x p e n d itu re s a re b o rn e b y e n titie s w h o p a r tic ip a te in tra n s a c tio n s , w h ic h
ta k e p la c e in th e n a tio n a l ec o n o m y . T h e s e e n titie s a re d iv id e d in to 6 se cto rs:
1) n o n -fm a n c ia l c o rp o ra tio n se cto r,
2 ) fin a n c ia l c o rp o ra tio n se cto r,
3) g e n e ra l g o v e rn m e n t s e c to r (G G ),
4 ) h o u s e h o ld s e c to r (I II I),
5) n o n -p ro fit in s titu tio n s s e c to r (N P I),
6 ) rest o f th e w o r ld 1.
In th e n a tio n a l a c c o u n ts se v e ra l d iffe re n t c a te g o rie s o f c o n s u m p tio n a re d is ­
tin g u ish e d . T h e y re su lt fro m u s in g d iffe re n t c la s s ific a tio n c rite ria a n d p a r tic u ­
la rly fro m d is tin g u is h in g b e tw e e n d iffe re n t fin a n c in g as w ell a s s u p p ly in g fo rm s
o f g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s to b e c o n s u m e d (se e T a b le 1).
T h e c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu re s m ay b e b o rn e b y th re e d iffe re n t se cto rs:
h o u s e h o ld s, n o n -p ro fit in s titu tio n s a n d g e n e ra l g o v e rn m e n t. C o n s u m p tio n e x ­
p e n d itu re s b o r n e b y h o u s e h o ld s (i.e . fin a n c e d b y p riv a te in c o m e ) a re c a lle d “ in ­
d iv id u a l c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu re s ” an d th e s e b o rn e b y tw o o th e r s e c to rs a re
c a lle d “ so c ia l tra n s fe rs in k in d s u p p lie d to H IT '. A lth o u g h e x p e n d itu re s b o rn e b y
N P I a n d G G a re a lso c a lle d “ c o n s u m p tio n in th e s e c to r” , w e h a v e to k e e p in
m in d , th e N P I a n d G G se c to rs a re o n ly fin a n c in g a p a rt o f th e c o n s u m p tio n o f
th e H H se cto r.
Table I
Classification o f actual consumption (corrected consumption) in the households sector
by different criteria
Criteria
Financing or sup­
plying form
Way o f supplying
Kind
o f consumption
Expenditures’ bearing sector
NPI
HH
Individual consum ption
(financed by p riv ate income)
Own con­
sumption
GG
Social
transfers in
kind
Actual consum ption (individual)
_ .
Privatc consumption
Collective
consump­
tion
Public consumption
In bold categories detailed published in the statistical yearbook.
" Own consumption o f agricultural products originating from own production; includes also
the value o f housing services inclusive estimated depreciation o f residential buildings and the
imputed rents in non-rental buildings.
S o u r c e : Prepared by the authors, based on the Statistical Yearbook 2001.
1
p. 534.
Detailed definitions o f sectors are in each statistical yearbook - for instance GUS 2002,
T h e s u m o f e x p e n d itu re s b o rn e b y H H an d N P I is c a lle d “ p riv a te c o n s u m p ­
tio n ” . S u m o f p r iv a te c o n s u m p tio n a n d so c ial tra n s fe rs in k in d fin a n c e d b y G G is
c a lle d “ a c tu a l c o n s u m p tio n ” o r “ in d iv id u a l c o n s u m p tio n ” . T h e w o rd individual
m e a n s h e re g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s su p p lie d in k in d d ire c tly to s p e c ific , in d iv id u a l
h o u s e h o ld s 2.
T h e w h o le c o n s u m p tio n o f g o o d s an d se rv ic e s s u p p lie d b y G G s e c to r is
c a lle d “ p u b lic c o n s u m p tio n ” . It c a n b e re a liz e d in tw o fo rm s; a s in d iv id u a l c o n ­
s u m p tio n in fo rm (as tra n s fe rs m e n tio n e d e a rlie r) an d in fo rm o f “ c o lle c tiv e c o n ­
s u m p tio n ” w h ic h d o e s n o t h a v e in d iv id u a l re c ip ie n ts b u t is b e in g s u p p lie d c o m ­
m o n ly , to th e w h o le n atio n . T h is so rt o f c o n s u m p tio n c a n b e c o n s id e re d o n ly in
th e G G se c to r, b e c a u s e it is a s su m e d th e N P I s e c to r s u p p lie s o n ly in d iv id u a l
c o n s u m p tio n . S u m o f p riv a te c o n s u m p tio n a n d p u b lic c o n s u m p tio n is c a lle d
“ c o rre c te d a c tu a l c o n s u m p tio n ” .
C o n s u m p tio n in th e N A is sh o w n in d e ta ils a c c o rd in g to th e c la s s ific a tio n o f
c o n s u m p tio n b y p u rp o se . In th e c a s e o f G G s e c to r th e c la s s ific a tio n is c a lle d
C la s s ific a tio n o f th e F u n c tio n s o f G o v e rn m e n t (C O F O G ), in c a s e o f th e N PI
s e c to r its n a m e is C la s s ific a tio n o f th e P u rp o se s o f N o n -P ro fit In s titu tio n s S e rv ­
in g H o u se h o ld s (C O P N I), an d in c a s e o f th e h o u se h o ld s s e c to r - C O IC O P . T h e
last o n e is to sh o w d e ta ile d d a ta o f ac tu a l c o n s u m p tio n a n d in d iv id u a l c o n s u m p ­
tio n a n d th e tw o c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o rie s a re p u b lis h e d in th e S ta tis tic a l Y e a r­
b o o k s (S Y ). T h e C O IC O P c la s s ific a tio n h as a fiv e le v e ls s tru c tu re . T h e first o n e
(tw o d ig its le v e l) c o n ta in s 12 d iv is io n s an d th e se c o n d o n e (th re e d ig its lev el)
in c lu d e s 45 g ro u p s. T h e n ex t tw o le v e ls (fo u r an d fiv e d ig its ) a re s u m s o f c a te g o ­
ries fro m th e lo w est, six -d ig it lev el w h ic h c o n ta in s ca. 300 u n its (se c p o in t 3.2).
2.2. H o u s e h o ld b u d g e t s
T h e h o u s e h o ld b u d g e t su rv e y s a re o f sig n ific a n t im p o rta n c e fo r so c ia l s ta tis ­
tic s sy ste m a n d a re a m e a n in g fu l so u rc e o f in fo rm a tio n fo r a n a ly z in g th e lev el o f
liv in g c o n d itio n s . T h e y p ro v id e in fo rm a tio n ab o u t re v e n u e s , e x p e n s e s , c o n s u m p ­
tio n , fu rn is h in g o f h o u s e h o ld s w ith d u ra b le g o o d s a n d o th e r liv in g c o n d itio n s o f
s p e c ifie d p o p u la tio n g ro u p s as w ell as a b o u t th e d iffe re n tia tio n b e tw e e n b asic
s o c io -e c o n o m ic g ro u p s o f h o u se h o ld s.
T h e h o u s e h o ld b u d g e t su rv e y s h a v e a q u ite lo n g tra d itio n . In P o la n d th is tr a ­
d itio n re a c h e s th e tu rn o f th e 19'h an d 2 0 11' c e n tu ry . In th a t tim e o n ly p a p e rs o f
b u d g e ts o f in d iv id u a l fa m ilie s fro m th e lo w e st so c ia l g ro u p s h a d b e e n d o n e b y
in d iv id u a l re s e a rc h e rs . In th e 2 0 -tie s a n d 3 0 -tie s o f th e 2 0 lh c e n tu ry th e h o u s e ­
h o ld b u d g e t su rv e y s h a v e b e e n e n te re d b y G U S , re s e a rc h in s titu tio n s an d lo c al
2
Individual consumption in the households sector means mainly consumption financed by
personal income and the own production is o f marginal importance.
g o v e rn m e n t in stitu tio n s. T h is a llo w e d to in c lu d e in th e s u rv e y u p to te n s o f h o u se ­
h o ld s. This w e re o n ly fra g m e n ta ry rese arch e s, c o n c e n tra te d o n s e le c te d g ro u p s o f
p o p u la tio n , h eld o n sm all sa m p le s and o n ly in so m e re g io n s o f th e co u n try .
A fte r W W II th e h o u se h o ld b u d g e t su rv e y s h a v e b e e n c o n tin u e d b y G U S .
S ta rtin g fro m 1957 G U S c a rrie s o n w ith re s e a rc h e s b a s e d o n a re p re s e n ta tiv e
s a m p le (s e e G U S 1999, p. 17 an d farth er).
In th e la st few d e c a d e s th e m e th o d o lo g y o f th e s u rv e y h a v e b e e n c h a n g e d
r e g a rd in g th e se le c tio n o f th e s a m p le an d its e x c h a n g e . F ro m th is p o in t o f v ie w
o n e c a n d is tin g u is h fo u r p e rio d s (se e G U S 1999, p. 11):
1.
2.
1 9 5 7 -1 9 7 1 - b ra n c h a p p ro a c h , c o n tin u o u s m e th o d ,
1 9 7 3 - 1 9 8 2 - g e o g ra p h ic a l a p p ro a c h , c o n tin u o u s m e th o d ,
3.
4.
1 9 8 2 - 1 9 9 2 - g e o g ra p h ic a l a p p ro a c h , q u a rte rly ro ta tio n m e th o d ,
fro m 1992 - g e o g ra p h ic a l a p p ro a c h , m o n th ly ro ta tio n m e th o d .
T h e b ra n c h a p p ro a c h h a s a tw o sta g e s e le c tio n p ro c e d u re . A t th e first sta g e
in s titu tio n s (p la n ts, c o m p a n ie s ...) a rc se le c te d . A t th e s e c o n d sta g e , e m p lo y e e s
a re a ra n d o m ly s e le c te d a n d th e ir h o u se h o ld s p a r tic ip a te in th e su rv e y . In th e
g e o g ra p h ic a l a p p ro a c h su b je c t to se le c tio n a re h o u s e h o ld s (d w e llin g s ) in h a b itin g
o n th e te rrito ry o f p re v io u s ly s e le c te d e n u m e ra tio n a re a s (o r its s e ts p re p a re d fo r
th e N a tio n a l C e n s u s p u rp o se s).
T h e c o n tin u o u s m e th o d c o n s is ts in su rv e y in g o n e a n d th e s a m e h o u se h o ld
fo r th e w h o le y e a r o r e v e n lo n g e r. U s in g th e ro ta tio n m e th o d th e h o u s e h o ld u n ­
d e r su rv e y a rc b e in g e x c h a n g e d . In c a s e o f q u a rte rly ro ta tio n h o u s e h o ld a re b e ­
in g e x c h a n g e d e v e ry q u a rte r an d in c a s e o f m o n th ly ro ta tio n - e v e ry m o n th .
In 1993 a p ro c e s s o f a d a p tin g th e m e th o d o lo g y o f th e h o u s e h o ld b u d g e t s u r ­
v e y s to th e re c o m m e n d a tio n s o f E U R O S T A T sta rted . T h e su b je c t to m o d ific a ­
tio n s w a s a lso th e c la s s ific a tio n o f re v e n u e s an d e x p e n s e s in th e sc o p e o f c o n ­
su m p tio n e x p e n d itu re s . A s e a rly a s 1998 c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu re s a r e g ro u p e d
a c c o rd in g ly to 1996 C O I C O P /H B S ' c la ssific a tio n . T h is c la s s ific a tio n d iffe rs
fro m th e p re v io u s o n e. A new c la s s ific a tio n o f re v e n u e s an d e x p e n s e s w a s im ­
p le m e n te d - th is c h a n g e d th e sc h e m e o f p re s e n ta tio n a n d n a m e s o f lo ts o f c a te ­
g o rie s as w ell as d e fin itio n s o f s u c h c a te g o rie s lik e d is p o s a b le in c o m e , e x p e n d i­
tu re s an d e x p e n d itu re s o n c o n s u m e r g o o d s an d se rv ic e s.
A ll th is a lte rn a tio n s c a u se s th a t th e resu lts o f th e h o u se h o ld b u d g e t su rv e y are
n ot d ire c tly c o m p a ra b le in tim e. T h is re m a rk d o not c o n c e rn th e w a y o f sa m p lin g
(w h ic h h as n o in flu e n c e o n th e d ata c o m p a ra b ility ), b u t c h a n g e s in c la ssific a tio n s.
H o w e v e r, it is p o s s ib le to re a sse m b le so m e c a te g o rie s o f c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d i­
tu re s, so th a t th e p a rtic u la r g ro u p s o f e x p e n d itu re s a re h o m o g e n o u s o v e r tim e.
T h e d a ta a r e p re s e n te d b y G U S as m o n th ly a v e ra g e 4 e x p e n d itu re s o n c o n ­
s u m e r g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s p e r c a p ita in h o u se h o ld in P o lis h c u r r e n c y (z ło ty ) an d
1 Classification o f Individual Consumption by Purpose for Household Budget Survey.
4 Until 1982 yearly averages were shown.
fro m 1995 in n e w P o lish c u rrc n c y (P L N ). A fte r th e d e n o m in a tio n p ro c e s s d a ta
a rc r o u n d e d u p to 1 g ro s z (0,01 I’L N ) w h a t e q u a ls 100 o ld zł, w h e re a s th e d a ta
from p re v io u s y e a rs w e re ro u n d e d u p to 1 o ld zł. F ro m th e p o in t o f v ie w o f g o a ls
to b e a c h ie v e d th is m a tte r is ra th e r triv ia l, b e c a u s c w e a rc o n ly in te re s te d in th e
stru c tu re o f th e c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu re s an d not o n th e n o m in a l d a ta itself.
2.3. P r ic c s in th e n a tio n a l e c o n o m y
D ata o n p ric e c h a n g e s o f c o n s u m p tio n b y c a te g o rie s w e re n c c e s s a ry to c o m ­
p u te c o n s u m p tio n in c o n s ta n t p rice s. T h e d a ta w e re o b ta in fro m tw o G U S p u b li­
c a tio n s: “ P ric c s in th e N a tio n a l E c o n o m y ” 5 a n d fro m th e c h a p te r “ P ric e s ” o f th e
SY . T h e first o n e is an a n n u a l p u b lic a tio n w h ic h is is s u e d sta rtin g fro m 1 989. In
th e 8 0 -ties it w as p u b lis h e d th re e tim es (in 1984, 1985, 1988) a n d d id n ot c o v e r all
y ea rs w ith th e sa m e p re c isio n w h ic h is n e e d e d fo r o u r re se a rc h (se e p o in t 4.2).
T h e p u b lic a tio n s sh o w d y n a m ic s o f p ric e s in th e b a sic s e c to rs o f th e n a tio n a l
e c o n o m y i.e. a g ric u ltu re , in d u stry , c o n s tru c tio n , reta il tra d e , tra n s p o rt, sto ra g e
an d c o m m u n ic a tio n as w ell a s fo re ig n trad e. Im p o rta n t fo r u s w ill b e th e d ata
re g a rd in g th e reta il tra d e a n d e s p e c ia lly p ric e in d ic e s o f th e p a rtic u la r e x p e n d i­
tu re s c a te g o rie s as w ell as p ric c s o f se le c te d re p re s e n ta tiv e s 6 o f c o n s u m e r g o o d s
a n d s e rv ic e s , w h ic h a rc u sed in o rd e r to c a lc u la te p ric c in d ic e s o n th e lo w est
ag g re g a tio n level. T h e g ro u p in g o f g o o d s a n d se rv ic es p ric e s fro m th e y e a r 1999 is
b a se d o n C la ssific a tio n o f In d iv id u a l C o n su m p tio n b y P u rp o se a d a p te d to n eed s o f
th e H a rm o n iz e d In d ice s o f C o n s u m e r P rices c lassificatio n (C O IC O P /H IC P ).
S o u rc e o f in fo rm a tio n o n th e c a lc u la te d p ric e in d ic e s a r e q u o ta tio n s o f m a r­
k et a n d a d m in is tra tiv e p ric e s c o n d u c te d b y p ric e c o lle c to rs th ro u g h o u t th e c o u n ­
try, w h ic h is d iv id e d in to 3 1 0 7 p ric c su rv e y re g io n s. O n c e th e m o n th ly a v e ra g e
p ric e s o f re p re s e n ta tiv e s a re o b ta in e d , th e ir p ric e in d ic e s in th e p a r tic u la r re g io n s
c a n b e c a lc u la te d as a re la tio n o f th e m o n th ly a v e ra g e p ric e to th e a v e r a g e p ric c
fro m th e p re v io u s y ear. T h e n ex t ste p is to c a lc u la te th e a ll-P o lis h p ric e in d ic es
o f re p re s e n ta tiv e s a s g e o m e tric a l a v e ra g e s o f p ric e s in d ic e s o f re p re s e n ta tiv e s
fro m all re g io n s an d o n its b a s e (a lso u sin g th e g e o m e tric a l a v e ra g e ) p ric e in d i­
c e s o f g o o d s an d s e rv ic e s fro m th e lo w e st a g g re g a tio n le v e l8. F u rth e r, p r ic c in d i­
c e s o n h ig h e r a g g re g a tio n le v e l c a n b e c a lc u la te d a p p ly in g th e sy ste m o f
w e ig h ts, w h ic h is b a s e d o n th e s tru c tu re o f h o u s e h o ld s ’ e x p e n d itu re s fro m th e
5 This title is consequently used from 1996. Previously to titles were shiftily used: Changes o f
prices in the National Economy and Changes o f retail prices.
6 The number o f representatives is permanently growing, e.g. in 1996 - 1 470, and in 2000 ca. 1800.
7 The number o f price survey regions in the year 2000; the number does not vary much, e.g.
in 1996 - 307. There are over 28 thousand selected sales outlets.
8 301 such basic groups were distinguished in 2000. There were 287 such groups in 1998 and
1999.
y e a r p re c e d in g th e o n e u n d e r th e su rv e y . T h e s tru c tu re o f e x p e n d itu re s is d e riv e d
fro m th e H B S (se e e.g . G U S 2 0 0 1 , pp. 15, 2 1 - 2 3 ).
III. L E V E L O F D E T A I L S O F T H E S O U R C F D A T A
T h e sta rtin g p o in t in c o n s tru c tin g a P C E d a ta b a s e a re d a ta fro m th e N A .
T h e d a ta h a v e to b e d is a g g re g a te d a c c o rd in g ly to th e ir r e le v a n t s tr u c tu re o b ta in
fro m th e I IB S . At th e s a m e tim e a d a ta b a s e o n p r ic e s ’ d e f la to r s fo r th e d is tin ­
g u ish e d c a te g o rie s h a s to b e b u ilt. B e lo w , a v a ila b ility o f s o u rc e d a ta in th e p a r­
tic u la r y e a rs is c o n s id e re d . T h is w ill g iv e us k n o w le d g e to w h a t e x te n t H B S an d
o u r e s tim a te s o f p ric e s in d ic e s h a v e b e e n u se d in b u ild in g th e P C E d ata.
3.1. C o n s u m p t i o n in th e N a ti o n a l A c c o u n t s
G e n e ra lly , d a ta re fe rrin g c o n s u m p tio n in th e N A h a v e b e e n ta k e n fro m th e
SY , b u t fo r th e p e rio d fro m 1995 to 2 0 0 0 m o re d e ta ile d in fo rm a tio n fro m u n p u b ­
lish ed so u rc e s w e re a v a ila b le '. T h e d a ta is g iv e n in c u rre n t a n d c o n s ta n t p ric e s
b ut its n u m b e r o f c a te g o rie s p re se n te d in SY h ad b e e n c h a n g e d in th e p e rio d
ta k e n in to a c c o u n t. W e c a n d is tin g u is h th re e d iffe re n t p e rio d s ( s e e 'F a b le 2):
1. u p to 1989 - 35 c a te g o rie s,
2. 1990 1998 - 5 c a te g o rie s,
3. 1 9 9 5 - 2 0 0 0 - 45 c a te g o rie s
4. 2001
- 12 c a te g o rie s
T h e c o n s u m p tio n fo r th e p e rio d 1 9 8 0 -1 9 8 9 h as b e e n sp lit in th e SY in to 35
c a te g o rie s a n d th e a p p lie d c la s s ific a tio n m a tc h e s th e o n e u se d for th e H B S .
ľ h e r e a re 9 c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o rie s o f fo o d stu ff, s e p a ra te ly a lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s
an d to b a c c o as w ell as 2 4 c a te g o rie s o f n o n -fo o d s tu ffs a n d s e rv ic e s in th is c la s s i­
fica tio n . A lso , th e in d ic e s in c o n s ta n t p ric e s o n a y e a r to y e a r b a s e s h a v e b e e n
p re se n te d . T h is a llo w s to c a lc u la te th e c o n s u m p tio n in c o n s ta n t p ric e s a n d p ric e
d e fla to rs fo r all c a te g o rie s.
In th e p e rio d 1 9 9 0 -1 9 9 8 th e p re s e n ta tio n w a s lim ite d to o n ly 5 g e n e ra l c a te ­
g o rie s w h ic h a re th e fo llo w in g : fo o d stu ff, a lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s , n o n -fo o d stu ff,
s e rv ic e s an d d e p r e c ia tio n o f re sid e n tia l b u ild in g s. In p r a c tic e th is m e a n s that
o n ly th re e c a te g o rie s c a n b e u se d fo r o u r d a ta b ase. T h e re fo re , th re e o f th e m , i.e.
n o n -fo o d s tu ff, s e rv ic e s a n d d e p re c ia tio n o f re sid e n tia l b u ild in g s , h a d to b e c o m ­
b in e d in to o n e g ro u p . T h a t k ind o f p a rtitio n a n d e s p e c ia lly th e sp lit in to g o o d s
a n d s e rv ic e s is not c o h e re n t w ith th e C O IC O P c la s s ific a tio n (se e p o in t 3 .2 ). T h is
m a k e s u s to u se th e d a ta fro m th e h o u se h o ld b u d g e ts in a w id e r s c o p e th a n in th e
p re v io u s y ea rs.
’ For the moment o f preparing this paper data including 45 categories for the year 2001 have
been not available yet. We will include it during the next update o f the data base.
T a b Iс 2
Dif ferences in the number o f available categories in the period taken into account
Number o f categories in current priccs
Data source
Unpublished data
1980-1989
1990-1994
-
SY
35
5
Number o f categories in
constant priccs
Data source
SY
35
5
1995-1997
45
12
5
1998-2000
45
12
12
2(H) 1
-
12
12
S o u r c e : Prepared by the authors.
T h e fiv e -c a te g o rie s p re s e n ta tio n h a v e b ee n c a rrie d o n u n til 1997. In 1998
G U S im p le m e n te d th e C O IC O P c la ssific a tio n . C o n s u m p tio n in th e C O IC O P
v e rsio n h a v e b e e n re c a lc u la te d fo r th e y e a rs 1 9 9 5 -1 9 9 7 r e tro s p e c tiv e ly , b u t o n ly
in c u rre n t p ric e s. D a ta p re s e n te d in th e S Y a re fro m th e tw o -d ig it le v e l o f th e
C O IC O P , i.e. 12 c a te g o rie s a re d istin g u ish e d . D is a g g re g a tio n o f c o n s u m p tio n in
c u rre n t p ric e s fo r th e y e a rs 1 9 9 5 -2 0 0 0 is b a s e d o n u n p u b lis h e d , m o re d e ta ile d
G U S d a ta , s h o w in g 4 5 c a te g o rie s o f c o n s u m p tio n w h ic h c o rre s p o n d s w ith th e
th re e -d ig it le v el o f C O IC O P .
In d ice s in c o n sta n t p ric e s ac c o rd in g ly to C O IC O P h a v e b e e n c a lc u la te d sta rt­
in g fro m 1998. H o w e v e r, in th is c a se o n ly 12 C O IC O P c a te g o rie s a re av a ila b le .
D ata fo r th e y e a r 2001 h a v e b e e n a v a ila b le o n ly in th e 12 c a te g o rie s sc h e m e
in c u rre n t as w e ll as in c o n s ta n t p rice s. T h u s , a d iffe re n t d is a g g re g a tio n m e th o d
h a s b e e n a p p lie d th e n fo r th e p e rio d 1 9 9 5 -2 0 0 0 - a m e th o d w h ic h u se s th e
h o u s e h o ld b u d g e ts in a w id e r sc o p e.
F u rth e rm o re , fo r th e y e a r 2 0 0 1 , in c o m p a riso n w ith p re v io u s o n e s , c h a n g e s
in th e s u b je c tiv e sc o p e o f th e in stitu tio n a l se c to rs h a v e b e e n in tro d u c e d : th e
d e fin itio n o f s m a ll b u s in e s s e s c h a n g e d . In th e p re v io u s y e a rs p e rs o n s c o n d u c tin g
e c o n o m ic a c tiv ity e m p lo y in g u p to 5 p e rso n s h a v e b e e n in c lu d e d to th e H H s e c ­
to r. S ta rtin g fro m 2001 th is lim it w a s m o v e d u p to 9 e m p lo y e e s . T h is c h a n g e
c a u s e d a n in c re a s e o f h o u s e h o ld n u m b e rs an d an o v e re s tim a tio n o f c o n s u m p tio n
in c o m p a ris o n to th e p re v io u s y e a rs. D u e to th is c h a n g e s c o n s u m p tio n in th e S Y
fo r th e y e a r 2 0 0 0 h a s b e e n p re s e n te d in tw o v a ria n ts - in a c c o rd a n c e to th e n ew
a n d o ld d e fin itio n . It tu rn e d o u t, th e c h a n g e c a u s e s a d if fe r e n c e in c o n s u m p tio n
b y 1 ,5 3 % a n d it “ b e lo n g s to ” e x p e n d itu re s o n g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s o th e r th a n
food, a lc o h o lic b e v e ra g e s a n d to b a c c o (s e c G U S 2 0 0 2 , p p . 5 3 8 - 5 4 0 ). T h e re fo re
th e v a lu e s o f s o m e c a te g o rie s fo r th e y e a r 2001 w e re c o rre c te d d o w n w a rd s , in
p ro p o rtio n to th e c h a n g e s re s u ltin g fro m th e y e a r 2 000.
3.2. H o u s e h o ld e x p e n d it u r e s b a s e d o n b u d g e t s u r v e y s
T h e h o u s e h o ld su rv e y d a ta u se d fo r th e d e c o m p o s itio n o f c o n s u m p tio n w e re
th e a v e ra g e h o u s e h o ld e x p e n d itu re s o n c o n s u m e r g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s . T h is d a ta
w as also th e u n p u b lis h e d one. T h e d isa g g re g a tio n level in th e p u b lic a tio n s o f th e
h o u s e h o ld b u d g et su rv e y w a s n o t su fficie n t fo r the c o n s tru c tio n o f P C E d a ta b a se .
In p a ra g ra p h 2 .2 w e h a v e m e n tio n e d all m e th o d o lo g ic a l a lte rn a tio n s in th e
h o u s e h o ld s e x p e n d itu re s . B u t th e se w e re n o t th e o n ly o n e s . A lso th e n u m b e r an d
d e fin itio n s o f p a rtic u la r c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu re s h a v e b e e n c h a n g e d . R e a so n s
o f th e s e c h a n g e s c a n b e c la ssifie d in to tw o m a in g ro u p s:
a p p e a ra n c e o f n e w g o o d s an d se rv ic e s; th e y h a v e to b e a d d e d to e x is tin g
c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o rie s o r n e w c a te g o rie s h a v e to b e s e p a ra te d - th is d e p e n d s o n
th e c u rre n t o r e x p e c te d c o n s u m p tio n lev el o f th e s e n ew p ro d u c ts ;
c h a n g e s in stru c tu re o f c o n s u m p tio n - so m e p ro d u c ts a r e b e in g m a rg in ­
a liz e d o r s o m e tim e s e v e n d is a p p e a r fro m th e m a rk e t an d o th e r o n e s s h a re s g ro w .
T h e s e g e n e ra l fa c ts a re c a u s e d b y e v o lu tio n a ry c h a n g e s in th e c o n s u m p tio n
stru c tu re a n d re s u lts fro m c h a n g e s in c o n s u m e r s ’ ta ste , fa s h io n tre n d s , p o p u la ­
tio n a n d d e m o g ra p h ic a l stru c tu re , c h a n g e s o f p o p u la tio n , m ig ra tio n s , te c h n o lo g i­
cal d e v e lo p m e n t c re a tin g n ew p ro d u c ts an d se rv ic e s . S tro n g c h a n g e s in c o n ­
su m p tio n s tru c tu re h a v e b e e n o b s e rv e d in P o la n d in th e la st d e c a d e . T h e b ig g e s t
in flu e n c e o n it h ad th e tra n s itio n o f th e e c o n o m y , w h ic h c a u s e d th a t h o u se h o ld s
g a in e d an e a s ie r a c c e s s to a b ig g e r v a rie ty o f g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s th a t h a d b e e n
a la c k o r e v e n d id n o t e x ist o n th e m a rk e t b e fo re .
A ll th e s e m e th o d o lo g ic a l an d “ m a rk e t” c h a n g e s c a u s e d th a t in th e b a s ic
c la s s ific a tio n o f h o u s e h o ld e x p e n d itu re s in th e H B S , th e n u m b e r o f d is tin g u is h e d
c a te g o rie s 10 h a s b e e n ra ise d fro m 2 5 2 in 1992 to 31 4 in 2 0 0 1 . C h a n g e s o f n u m ­
b e r o f c a te g o rie s w h ic h h a v e b e e n d is tin g u is h e d in th e H B S is p r e s e n te d in A p ­
p e n d ix 1. O n e s h o u ld b e a r in m in d that e q u a l n u m b e r o f c a te g o rie s p re s e n te d in
th e A p p e n d ix d o e s n o t m e a n e x a c tly th e sa m e c a ls s ific a tio n . T h e re a s o n is th at
c a te g o rie s fro m th e six -d ig it le v el m ay c o n ta in d iffe re n t g o o d s an d se rv ic e s,
w h ic h m a y h a v e d iffe re n t n a m e s o r e v e n h a v e b e e n m o v e d b e tw e e n g ro u p s.
T h e c la s s ific a tio n re m a in e d u n c h a n g e d in th e p e rio d 1 9 8 0 - 1 9 9 2 . S ta rtin g in
1993 c h a n g e s h a v e b e e n in tro d u c e d e v e ry y e a r e s p e c ia lly in g ro u p in g o f d a ta o n
d iffe re n t a g g re g a tio n le v e ls. M o st o f th e m a re c a u se d b y im p le m e n tin g th e
C O IC O P c la s s ific a tio n . In c o m p a ris o n w ith th e p re v io u s c la s s ific a tio n , C O IC O P
u se s a d iffe re n t w a y o f lin k in g g o o d s an d s e rv ic e s to p a r tic u la r c o n s u m p tio n
c a te g o rie s. B a s ic d iffe re n c e c o n s is ts in d iv id in g th e e c o n o m y in th e o ld c la s s ifi­
c a tio n in to th e m a te ria l a n d n o n -m a te ria l sp h e re . A c c o rd in g to th is c o n v e n tio n
all so -c a lle d m a te ria l g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s a re b e in g p u rc h a s e d in th e m a te ria l
10
This numbers docs not include expenses spent on private agriculture farms. Apart from this
taxes and fees, financial and other positions have been shown in details since 1993, but have not
been taken into account.
sp h e re . O th e r s e rv ic e s b e lo n g s to th e n o n -m a te ria l sp h e re . In th e C O IC O P c la s s i­
fic a tio n s e rv ic e s a re lin k e d to g o o d s w h ic h th e y a re c o n n e c te d to , b e c a u s e g o o d s
a n d s e rv ic e s a re c la s s ifie d a c c o rd in g to th e p u rp o s e o f c o n s u m p tio n . H o w e v e r,
g o o d s an d s e rv ic e s a re s e p a ra te d o n th e six -d ig it lev el b u t th is is n o t th e aim as
su c h o f th e c la s s ific a tio n .
T h e s h a re d p u ip o s e o f th e c o n s u m p tio n e x p e n d itu re s is set o n ly o n th e tw o
h ig h e st le v el o f a g g re g a tio n . E x p e n d itu re s o n g o o d s an d s e rv ic e s o n lo w e r lev els
d o e s n o t re p re s e n t th e p u rp o s e as su c h b u t se rv e th e p u rp o s e o f g ro u p s fro m th e
tw o h ig h e st le v el (R a in e r 1997). T h is m e a n s th e g ro u p in g o n th e lo w e s t six -d ig it
le v e l is u n re s tric te d c o n c e rn in g th e a m o u n t o f c a te g o rie s b e in g d is tin g u is h e d an d
th e lin k in g o f c e rta in g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s to g ro u p s w ith in th e s e n s e o f th e c la s s i­
fica tio n . T h is se e m s to b e n e c e s sa ry b e c a u s e o f th e s p e c ific o f th e c o n s u m p tio n
in d iffe re n t c o u n trie s . U sin g th is o p tio n th e C O IC O P w a s c h a n g e d se v e ra l tim e s
in th e y e a rs 1 9 9 8 -2 0 0 1 . A n e x a m p le o f th is m a y b e e x p e n d itu re s o n “ c o n s u m p ­
tio n b o n e s ” w h ic h w e re s e p a ra te d fro m “ o th e r m e a ts ” a n d lin k e d in p o rtio n s to
th e d iffe re n t k in d o f m e ats.
3.3. P ricc in d ic c s
P u b lic a tio n c o n c e rn in g p ric e s p re se n ts o n ly fo r c h o s e n y e a rs (n a m e ly 1981
an d 1 9 8 4 -1 9 8 6 ) p ric c in d ic e s fo r c a te g o rie s from th e lo w e s t a g g re g a tio n level
m a tc h in g th e o n e u se d in M B S. D a ta fo r th e y e a r 1982 is n o t a s d e ta ile d b u t d e ­
ta ile d e n o u g h fo r o u r p u rp o se s (s e e p o in t 4). F o r th e rest o f th e y e a rs th e n u m b e r
o f g ro u p s fo r w h ic h p ric e in d ic e s w e re p u b lis h e d is m u c h lo w e r. T h e re fo re , it
w a s n e c e s sa ry to e s tim a te th e m is s in g in d ic e s (se e p o in t 4 .2 ). A n o th e r d iffic u lty
is th a t in d iffe re n t y e a rs in d ic e s h a v e n o t b e e n p re s e n te d fo r th e sa m e g ro u p s.
G e n e ra lly s p e a k in g , th e e s tim a tio n o f m is sin g in d ic e s w a s b a s e d o n p ric e s o f
re p re s e n ta tiv e s o f g o o d s an d se rv ic e s , w h ic h y e a rly a v e ra g e s a r c b e in g p u b lis h e d
b y G U S . T h e n u m b e r o f re p re s e n ta tiv e s a m o u n ts ca. 1500, b u t o n ly c a . 150 o f
th e m a re b e in g p u b lis h e d . D u e to th e lim ite d a c c e ss to r e p r e s e n ta tiv e s few d if ­
fe re n t e s tim a tio n m e th o d s h a v e b e e n a p p lie d (s e e 4 .2 ).
IV . B U I L D I N G T I M E S E R I E S O F C O N S U M P T I O N
In th is p a r a g ra p h w e w ill in tro d u c e th e m e th o d o lo g y o f P C E d is a g g re g a tio n
(its ste p s h a v e b e e n s h o w n in p o in t 1.2). T h e d iffic u ltie s th a t h a d to b e g o n e
th ro u g h , re su lte d fro m d iffe re n t c la s s ific a tio n s an d d iffe re n t d is a g g re g a tio n le v ­
els o f s o u rc e d ata.
4.1. C o n s u m p t i o n in c u r r e n t p ric cs
T h e first ste p w a s c a lc u la tin g c o n s u m p tio n in c u rre n t p ric e s. D a ta fro m N A
an d H B S w as used, but first h o m o g e n o u s co n su m p tio n ca te g o rie s for H B S d ata had
to b e created. T h e s e ca te g o rie s had to b e co h e ren t w ith ca te g o rie s u sed in N A .
In o r d e r to d o so d e ta ile d d a ta fo r c a te g o rie s fro m th e e a r lie r m e n tio n e d s ix ­
d ig it lev el w e re n e e d e d . T h e s e c a te g o rie s c a n n o t b e d iv id e d in to sm a lle r e le ­
m e n ts. T h e s e c o n d im p o rta n t s o u rc e o f in fo rm a tio n w e re in s tru c tio n s c o n c e rn in g
th e o rg a n iz in g a n d re p o rtin g sy ste m o f th e H B S , w h ic h in c lu d e a d e ta ile d list o f
g o o d s an d s e rv ic e s in all c a te g o rie s. T h a n it w a s p o ssib le , o n th e o n e h a n d , to
u n ify d iffe re n t c la s s ific a tio n s in th e p e rio d b e in g u n d e r c o n s id e ra tio n , a n d o n th e
o th e r to k e e p a h ig h le v el o f c o n s u m p tio n s ’ d e c o m p o s itio n as w e ll a s to fin d
c o m m o n c a te g o rie s in c e rta in y ea rs. T h is w a s re a c h e d b y c o d in g th e c a te g o rie s
fro m th e s ix -d ig it le v el in a w a y , w h ic h a llo w e d a d d in g s o m e c a te g o rie s th at
b e lo n g e d to a g ro u p o f e x p e n d itu re s b e in g a h o m o g e n o u s c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o ry
in th e w h o le p e rio d .
T h e re su lt o f g ro u p in g is a ta b le w ith 108 c a te g o rie s o f h o u s e h o ld e x p e n d i­
tu r e s " . T h is ta b le w a s u se d to c a lc u la te th e stru c tu re o f h o u s e h o ld e x p e n d itu re s
w ith in c a te g o rie s b e in g b ig g e r a g g re g a te s, w h ic h w e re re le v a n t to c a te g o rie s in
th e N A . N e x t ste p w a s to m a k e a d e c o m p o s itio n o f th e c a te g o ry fro m th e N A
u s in g th e s tru c tu re b a s e d o n th e H B S . In th is w a y w e re c e iv e d d is a g g re g a te d
v a lu e s o f c o n s u m p tio n e q u a lin g th e N A d ata in c u rre n t p ric e s.
4.2. P r ic c in d iccs
A s n ex t ste p , p ric c in d ic e s fo r e a c h o f th e 108 c re a te d c a te g o rie s w e h a d to
b e fo u n d . In c a s e p ric e in d ic e s o f a c a te g o ry h a v e n o t b e e n p u b lis h e d th e y h ad to
b e e s tim a te d . D e p e n d in g o n th e a c c e ss to d ata se v e ra l m e th o d s o f e s tim a tio n
h a v e b e e n a p p lie d (in b ra c k e ts - s y m b o ls u se d fo r th e m e th o d s):
u s in g p ric e s o f re p re s e n ta tiv e s (R ),
u s in g a w e ig h te d a v e ra g e fro m th e rest o f in d ic e s b e in g a p a rt o f o n e an d
th e sa m e c a te g o ry o f a h ig h e r a g g re g a tio n lev el fo r w h ic h a p ric e in d e x w as
p u b lis h e d (X ),
u s in g p ric e in d ic e s o f a h ig h e r a g g re g a tio n le v e l fo r a c a te g o ry o f
a lo w e r o n e - u se d in c a se th e tw o a b o v e listed m e th o d s co u ld n o t b e a p p lie d (K ),
u sin g p r ic e in d ic e s o f a c a te g o ry b e in g th e d o m in a n t p a r t w ith in o n e o f
th e 108 c a te g o rie s fo r th e w h o le c a te g o ry (U ),
u s in g s e v e ra l o f th e m e n tio n e d m e th o d s fo r o n e c a te g o ry (M ).
11
On this stage we did not pay attention on the possibilities o f finding price indices for cre­
ated categories. O ur main goal was to achieve the highest possible level o f PCE disaggregation.
F o r th e first m e th o d an a u x ilia ry ta b le w a s c re a te d . It c o n ta in e d y e a rly a v ­
e ra g e p ric e s o f g o o d s a n d s e rv ic e s w h ic h w e re c o n s id e re d as re p re s e n ta tiv e s fo r
a c o n s u m p tio n c a te g o ry in U B S . I f few re p re s e n ta tiv e s fit to o n e c a te g o ry an
a v e ra g e w a s c a lc u la te d u sin g g e o m e tric a l a v e ra g e . B a s in g o n th e a v e ra g e p ric e s
for a c e rta in c a te g o ry , p ric e in d ic e s fo r ea c h y e a r w a s c a lc u la tc d 12. A d d itio n a l
c a lc u la tio n s w e re a lso n e c e s s a ry fo r s o m e c a te g o rie s, b e c a u s e o f c h a n g e s in
u n its o f m e a s u re m e n t o v e r tim e.
T h e s a m e re p re s e n ta tiv e s w a s u sed o v e r th e w h o le p e rio d i f o n ly it w as p o s ­
sib le. It w a s n o t th e c a s e o f s o m e d u ra b le g o o d s w h e n n e w m o d e ls a p p e a re d o n
th e m a rk e t. It w a s p o s s ib le , h o w e v e r, to sm o o th th e p ric e s c h a n g e s w ith th e h elp
o f o v e rla p p e d “ n e w ” a n d “ o ld ” n u m b e rs. F a ilu re o f th e s m o o th in g p ro c e d u re
m e a n s th a t a p ric e ju m p sh o w s a m a rk e t situ a tio n a c o n s u m e r h a d to d o w ith .
T h e se c o n d te c h n iq u e w a s a p p lie d w h e n a c e rta in c a te g o ry c o n s is te d o f s u b ­
c a te g o rie s an d n o t fo r all o f th e m p ric e in d ic e s w e re a v a ila b le . In th is c a s e th e
p ric e in d e x fo r la c k in g e le m e n ts w a s c a lc u la te d a p p ly in g th e c o n v e rte d fo rm u la
fo r a w e ig h te d a v e ra g e u sin g I IB S c o n s u m p tio n s tru c tu re fro m th e p re v io u s y e a r
a s w e ig h ts 13.
D e ta ile d in fo rm a tio n a b o u t th e m e th o d b e in g a p p lie d in o r d e r to c a lc u la te
p ric e indices fo r ea c h o f 108 d istin g u ish e d categ o ries a re g ath ered in A p p en d ix 2.
A s it w a s m e n tio n e d b e fo re , c o n s u m p tio n d ata in c u rre n t p ric e s w ith in N A
fo r th e p e rio d 1 9 9 5 -1 9 9 7 w a s p u b lis h e d b y G U S fo r 12 c a te g o rie s , w h ile c o n ­
su m p tio n in c o n s ta n t p ric e s as w ell as d e fla to rs fo r o n ly 5 c a te g o rie s . In o r d e r to
h o m o g e n iz e th e sc h e m e o f c o n s u m p tio n d isa g g re g a tio n in th e y e a rs 1 9 9 5 -2 0 0 1
w e d e c id e d to e s tim a te th e d e fla to rs for th e y ea rs 1 9 9 5 -1 9 9 7 u sin g p ric c s in d iccs
o f c a te g o rie s fro m h ig h e r lev els ta k en fro m G U S ’ p u b lic a tio n s (se c p o in t 2 .3.).
4.3. C o n s u m p t i o n in c o n s t a n t p ric cs
C o n s u m p tio n in c o n s ta n t p ric e s w a s c a lc u la te d b y d iv id in g e le m e n ts o f tim e
se rie s o f c o n s u m p tio n in c u rre n t p ric e s b y th e a p p ro p ria te p ric e in d ic e s. T h e n a
c o rre c tio n p ro c e d u re w a s u se d to b a la n c e th e d e ta ile d c o n s ta n t p ric e d a ta w ith
d a ta a v a ila b le in. In th is w a y th e c o n s is te n c y w ith N A d a ta in c o n s ta n t p ric e s
h a v e b e e n ac h ie v e d .
F in a lly , c o n s u m p tio n in c u rre n t p ric e s fo r 108 c a te g o rie s w e r e d iv id e d b y
c o n s u m p tio n in c o n s ta n t p ric e s a n d th u s c o n s u m p tio n d e f la to r s fo r all P C E c a te ­
g o rie s w a s c o m p u te d .
12 This procedure is coherent with the one used by GUS. The only difference is the calcula­
tion order, however from mathematical point o f view both methods are equal. GUS, first calculates
price indiccs o f representatives and using the geometrical average derives from them the category
index, here first the geometrical average o f representatives’ prices was calculated and then the
index.
13 Exception is the year 1980 for which the structure o f the same year was applied. W e do not
have the HBS data for 1979.
4 .4 . S p c c ia l c o r r e c t io n f o r p e r i o d 1 9 9 0 - 1 9 9 4
In th e p a ra g ra p h 3.1 it w a s m e n tio n e d th a t in N A th re e p e rio d s o f P C E d ata
a v a ila b ility c a n b e d is tin g u ish e d . F o r th e m id d le p e rio d i.e. th e y e a rs 1 9 9 0 -1 9 9 4
o n ly th re e c a te g o rie s o f P C E h a v e b e e n a v a ila b le . T h is is w h y fo r th is p e rio d
H B S h as to b e in v o lv e d in a m u c h w id e r sc o p e th e n in th e tw o o th e r. A s re su lt o f
th a t, c o n s u m p tio n fo r c e rta in c a te g o rie s sig n ific a n tly d iffe rs in th is p e rio d fro m
th e lev el o b s e rv e d in th e p re v io u s (1 9 8 9 ) a n d fo llo w in g (1 9 9 5 ) y e a rs. T h e re fo re ,
e a c h o f th e 108 P C E c a te g o rie s h a v e b e e n c o rre c te d a p p ly in g in fo rm a tio n o f th e
sh a re o f a c a te g o ry in th e “ e d g e d ” y e a rs (i.e. 1989 an d 1 9 9 5 ) a s w ell as its d y ­
n a m ic s o b s e rv e d in H B S fo r th a t p erio d . T h is m e a n s, th e in d ic e s (o n th e y e a r to
y e a r b a s is ) o f th e 108 c a te g o rie s in th e p e rio d 1 9 9 0 -1 9 9 4 a r e p ro d u c ts o f in d ic e s
fro m H B S a n d a c o rre c tio n fac to r, w h ic h a s su m e s d iffe re n t v a lu e s in th e c o n s id ­
e re d y ea rs.
N e x t, all c a te g o rie s h a v e b e e n b a la n c e d to th e “ tr u e ” P C E v a lu e s o f N A .
V. C O N C L U S I O N S
The re su lt o f th e re se a rc h is a u n iq u e P C E d a ta b a s e fo r P o la n d . It in c lu d e s
c o n s u m p tio n in b o th c u rre n t a n d c o n s ta n t p ric e s as w e ll a s th e c o n s u m p tio n d e ­
flato rs. N u m b e r o f P C E c a te g o rie s in th e d a ta b a se c o m e s to 108 a n d c o v e r th e
p e rio d 1 9 8 0 -2 0 0 1 . A d d itio n a lly , d a ta c a n b e a u to m a tic a lly a g g re g a te d to fo u r
le v e ls o f a g g re g a tio n , i.e. 12, 18, 34 c a te g o rie s w h ic h c o rre s p o n d to:
C O IC O P c la s s ific a tio n p u b lis h e d in S Y s in c e 1995 (1 2 c a te g o rie s ),
IM P E C m o d e l P C E c u rre n t c la s s ific a tio n (1 8 ),
P C E c la s s ific a tio n u se d in th e S Y in th e 8 0 -tie s (3 4 ).
T h e d a ta b a s e c a n b e e a s ily u p d a te d in futu re. T o e x te n d th e b a s e fo r th e fo l­
lo w in g y e a rs, d a ta fro m th e N A p re s e n te d in S Y w ill b y s u ffic ie n t, h o w e v e r th e
m o re d e ta ile d , u n p u b lis h e d o n e s w o u ld b e b e tte r. A lso H B S d a ta c o n ta in in g
d e ta ils o n p r o d u c ts c o n s u m p tio n is n e c e ssa ry .
O n e m u st h a v e in m in d , h o w e v e r, th a t P C E d a ta b a s e p re s e n te d h e re is b u r ­
d e n e d w ith s e v e ra l e rro rs o f b o th o b je c tiv e an d s u b je c tiv e k in d . T h e o b je c tiv e
o n e s c o n c e rn th e m e th o d o lo g y as w e ll as c la s s ific a tio n s u s e d b y G U S in so u rc e
d a ta . T h e s u b je c tiv e o n e s a re c o n n e c te d w ith s im p lific a tio n s u s e d b y th e a u th o rs
to c o m p ile P C E d a ta b a s e p re s e n te d in th is p a p e r an d w h ic h a r e m a in ly d u e to
la ck o f m o re p re c is e d ata.
H o w e v e r, in th e a u th o rs ’ o p in io n th e se e rro rs a re n o t o f m a jo r im p o rta n c e ,
so th e y r a th e r n o t c a u s e se rio u s tro u b le s. T h e tim e se rie s g a th e re d in th e d a ta ­
b a s e c a n b e u se d fo r P C E e q u a tio n s e s tim a tio n n o t c a u s in g b ia s o r d e te rio ra tio n
o f th e ir p a ra m e te rs.
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H ouse, B eijin g
N a m e o f c o n s u m p t io n c a te g o ry
in 108 c a te g o r ie s c la s s if ic a tio n
1 9 8 0 -1 9 9 2
1993
19 9 4
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
R ic e
R y e b read
W h e a te n b r e a d
M ix e d g ra in b re a d
C o o k ie s & c r is p b r e a d
F lo u r
C e re a ls
B o v in e m e a t
V eal m eat
S w in e m e a t
H Q c o ld c u ts & s a u s a g e s
O th e r c o ld c u ts & c a n n e d m e a t
O th e r p r o c e s s e d m e a t
P lu c k & g ib le ts
S a l t - w a t e r f is h e s
F r e s h - w a t e r f is h e s
P ro c e s s e d & c a n n e d fis h e s
M ilk & m i lk - b a s e d b e v e ra g e s
P re s e rv e d m ilk
C u r d ____________________________
C h eese
M odel - Constructing a D atab ase
S h e e p , g o a t & o th e r m e a t
C h ic k e n
O th e r p o u ltry
PCE in IMPEC
N o o d le
C re a m
Eggs
B u tte r
о
10
о
II
M a r g a r in e & o th e r v e g e ta b le fa ts
O liv e & e d ib le o ils
O th e r e d ib le a n im a l fa ts
C itr u s f ru its , b a n a n a s & o th e r fru its
A p p le s _______________________________
P each
P lu m
O th e r s to n e f r u its & n u ts
P ro c e s s e d & d r ie d fru its
L e ttu c e
C abbage
C a u liflo w e rs
T o m a to
C ucum ber
B e e tr o o t
C arro t
O n io n
M u s h ro o m s
P u ls e
O th e r & p r o c e s s e d v e g e ta b le s
P o ta to e s
S ugar
H oney
C h o c o la te
C o n f e c tio n a r y & o th e r s u g a r p ro d u c ts
O th e r f o o d p ro d u c ts
C o f fe e
Tea
C o c o a & p o w d e r e d c h o c o la te
N o n - a lc o h o l ic b e v e ra g e s
S p ir its & w in e
B eer
10
Mariusz Plich, Marcin P o n ew czy ń sk i
B e rrie s
1
2
1
6
8
2
1
8
2
1
8
2
1
11
2
4
5
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
I
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
6
1
1
7
8
1
1
4
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
9
4
10
11
4
4
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
I
1
2
1
1
5
5
5
5
5
3
3
3
3
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
8
2
1
6
3
3
3
3
3
5
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
2
1
3
4
4
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
5
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
4
4
4
4
4
5
5
5
5
2
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
7
7
7
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
6
1
5
4
5
4
5
4
5
4
4
4
4
4
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
6
1
2
6
1
2
6
1
2
6
1
2
4
2
1
5
2
2
1
1
Model * Constructing a D atabase
5
3
PCE in IMPEC
Tobacco
Clothing materials
Garm ents for men
U nderwear for men
Socks & stocking for men
Garm ents for women
Underwear for women
Socks & stocking for women
Garm ents for children
Underwear for children
Socks & stocking for children
Other clothings & accessories
Clothing services
Footwear for men
Footwear for women
Footwear for children
Footw ear services
Rental, water sup.& other serv.for dwel.
M aintenance o f the dwelling
Furniture & furnishing
Household textiles & other equipment
Carpets & floor coverings
Refrigerators & freezers
W ashing & drying m achines
Cookers, heaters & other appliances
Cleaning equipm ent
Sewing & knitting machines
Glasswear, tablew ear & household
utensils
Tools & equipm ent for house & garden
O ther goods & services for household
m aintenance
Electricity
Gas
1
Liquid & solid fuels
Hot water & heat energy
Health & social protection
Purchase o f vehicles
Operation o f personal transport
equipm ent
Transport services
Com m unication
Recreation, culture equipment & durables
Recreational & cultural services
Newspapers, books & stationary
Package holidays
Education
Restaurants & hotels
Personal care
O ther goods & services
T o ta l n u m b e r o f c a te g o rie s
2
3
4
3
2
2
8
5
T
6
2
2
8
i
4
3
2
2
8
8
8
4
4
4
4
4
4
3
5
5
6
6
6
6
5
5
5
5
1
7
8
i
2
9
5
10
s
2
5
5
2
2
2
14
4
15
4
14
5
13
5
5
5
5
5
6
8
8
8
4
31
4
31
4
32
8
8
8
8
8
8
1
2
2
2
2
2
4
13
5
4
18
4
5
3
3
4
19
4
19
4
19
4
19
4
6
6
6
6
21
8
8
3
3
5
3
3
5
3
3
5
3
3
5
6
6
20
6
20
6
20
6
20
234
234
234
234
6
3
4
6
6
252
14
222
3
7
4
7
18
289
11
3
3
3
8
11
12
5
7
18
304
5
7
17
307
5
7
17
310
Name o f consum ption category
in 108 categories classification
1
3
4
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
К
R
К
R
R
R
1
I
R
R
R
K
R
X
I
1
I
X
I
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
I
1
K
R
R
1
1
1
1
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
I
I
1
R
K
R
R
R
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
5
R
6
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
X
K
R
K
R
R
R
1
1
R
R
R
K
R
X
1
1
1
7
8
1
1
1
I
I
1
I
1
1
I
1
I
X
1
I
1
X
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
[
1
1
X
I
I
1
X
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
I
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
I
1
1
I
I
I
I
I
9
R
K
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
X
I
R
K.
R
R
R
1
1
R
R
R
K
R
10
11
12
R
K
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
R
K.
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K.
1
1
1
1
1
R
K
R
R
R
1
I
R
R
R
K
R
R
K
R
R
R
I
1
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
13
R
K
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
14
R
K
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
15
R
K
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
K.
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
16
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
I
1
1
1
K
R
K
R
K
R
1
1
R
R
I
I
R
R
R
R
R
K
R
I
R
I
1
1
1
1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
1
I
R
R
R
K
R
1
R
I
K.
R
I
R
17
R
K.
R
R
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
I
K
R
1
R
I
1
R
R
R
R
R
18
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
19
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
R
R
K.
R
K.
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
1
1
K
R
I
R
K
R
1
I
R
R
R
R
R
20
21
22
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
R
R
K
K
R
K
K
I
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
R
I
K
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
R
K.
R
1
K
1
K
R
R
K
K
I
K
K
R
K
R
23
R
K
R
R
R
K
R
R
1
1
K
I
K
I
K
R
R
K
K
I
K
K
R
K
R
K
I
K
1
1
1
1
R
I
R
R
R
1
1
1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
1
1
1
1
1
1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
1
K
R
R
K
K
I
K.
K
R
K
R
I
R
1
1
I
R
R
R
R
Model - Constructing a Database
2
R
К
R
R
R
X
R
R
R
К
R
К
R
К
R
R
К
К
R
PCE in IMPEC
Rice
Rye bread
W heaten bread
M ixed grain bread
Noodle
Cookies & crispbread
Flour
Cereals
Bovine meat
Veal meat
Swine meat
Sheep, goat & other meat
Chicken
O ther poultry
HQ coldcuts & sausages
O ther coldcuts & canned meat
O ther processed meat
Pluck & giblets
S alt-w ater fishes
Fresh-w ater fishes
Processed & canned fishes
Milk & m ilk-based beverages
Preserved milk
Curd
Cheese
Cream
Eggs
Butter
M argarine & other vegetable fats
O live & edible oils
O ther edible animal fats
Citrus fruits, bananas & other fruits
Apples
1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001
2
3
4
К
К
К
к
к
к
R
К
К
R
R
R
R
К
R
К
1
1
1
1
R
R
M
M
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
I
1
I
1
I
I
i
1
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
X
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
K
K
M
1
1
1
R
R
I
1
X
I
1
x
x
x
1
1
1
R
M
M
I
1
I
1
M
I
1
1
R
R
5
K
K
K
K
K
K.
R
K
K
R
R
R
R
K.
R
K
6
1
1
7
I
1
1
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
I
I
I
1
1
1
I
9
K
K
K
K
K
K
R
K
K
R
R
R
R
K
R
K
I
I
R
R
M
M
10
11
12
K
K
K
K
K
K
R
K.
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K.
K
K
K
K
K.
K.
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K.
K.
K
K
K
K.
K.
R
K
K.
K
R
R
R
K
R
K.
l
I
K
R
M
M
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
X
1
1
X
X
X
K
K
M
1
I
R
R
R
K
K
M
1
I
R
R
R
I
I
I
1
1
1
1
1
i
1
I
I
1
1
1
1
x
X
1
1
I
R
R
M
M
I
I
X
1
1
1
I
K
K
M
1
1
1
R
R
I
1
1
X
1
1
X
X
x
I
1
1
1
8
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
I
1
I
x
x
1
1
x
x
x
X
I
1
1
K
R
M
M
1
I
K
R
M
M
I
1
K
K
M
I
1
R
R
R
1
I
K
K
M
I
I
R
R
R
13
K
K
K
K
K
K
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K.
I
I
K.
R
M
M
I
1
K
K
M
I
1
R
R
R
15
K
K
K
K
K
K
R
K
K
K.
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
16
K
K
K
K.
K.
K
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K.
R
17
K
K
K.
K
K
K
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K.
R
K
R
18
K
K
K.
K
K
K.
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K.
R
K
R
19
K
K
K
K
K
K
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
20
21
22
K.
K
K
K
K
K
R
K.
K
K.
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
K
K
K
K
K
K
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
K
K.
K
K
K
K
R
K.
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
I
K
R
M
M
K
R
M
M
K
R
M
K
K
R
M
K
K
R
M
K
K
R
M
K
1
1
1
I
K
K
M
I
I
R
R
R
1
1
1
I
K
K
M
I
I
R
R
R
K
R
M
K
I
I
K
K
M
I
I
I
K
K
M
I
I
R
1
1
R
I
K
K
M
I
I
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
14
K
K
K
K
K
K
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K
R
I
K
R
M
M
K.
K
M
1
1
R
R
R
K
K
M
1
I
R
R
R
1
I
K
K.
M
1
1
R
R
R
1
K.
R
M
K
I
I
K
K.
M
1
1
R
R
R
23
K
K.
K.
K
K
K
R
K
K
K
R
R
R
K
R
K.
1
I
K.
R
M
K
1
I
K
K
M
1
1
R
R
R
Mariusz Plich, Marcin Ponew czyński
I
Peach
Plum
O ther stone fruits & nuts
Berries
Processed & d n ed fruits
Lettuce
Cabbage
Cauliflowers
Tom ato
Cucum ber
Beetroot
Carrot
Onion
Mushrooms
Pulse
O ther & processed vegetables
Potatoes
Sugar
Honey
Chocolate
Confectionary & other sugar products
O ther food products
Coffee
Tea
Cocoa & powdered chocolate
N on-alcoholic beverages
Spirits & wine
Beer
Tobacco
Clothing m aterials
G arm ents for men
Underwear for men
1
2
3
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
1
1
R
R
R
M
M
1
M
R
R
R
U
R
R
M
M
1
X
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
I
X
X
5
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
I
X
X
1
X
X
1
1
I
U
R
R
M
M
M
X
1
1
X
X
X
X
M
I
X
X
1
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
1
1
1
M
I
X
X
M
X
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
1
M
M
X
X
12
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
1
X
X
I
X
X
1
11
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
M
X
I
X
X
1
1
10
M
X
I
X
X
I
1
R
R
R
X
X
X
X
I
X
X
I
X
X
X
X
X
X
9
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
1
1
1
8
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
R
R
R
I
I
X
X
7
I
X
X
I
X
X
1
X
X
X
X
X
X
M
R
R
R
U
R
R
M
M
1
1
6
1
1
13
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
14
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
15
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
16
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
17
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
18
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
19
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
20
21
22
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
23
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
I
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
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11
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Model - Constructing a Database
1
X
X
4
R
R
R
R
R
R
R
M
PCE in IMPEC
Socks & stocking for men
Garm ents for women
U nderwear for women
Socks & stocking for women
Garm ents for children
Underwear for children
Socks & stocking for children
O ther clothings & accessories
Clothing services
Footwear for men
Footwear for women
Footwear for children
Footwear services
Rental, water supply & other services for the
dwelling
M aintenance o f the dwelling
Furniture & furnishing
Household textiles & other equipm ent
Carpets & floor coverings
Refrigerators & freezers
W ashing & drying m achines
Cookers, heaters & other appliances
Cleaning equipm ent
Sewing & knitting machines
Glasswear, tablew ear & household utensils
Tools & equipm ent for house & garden
O ther goods & services for household
m aintenance
Electricity
Gas
Liquid & solid fuels
Hot water & heat energy
Health & social protection
Purchase o f vehicles
t-л
Ul
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3
4
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K.
1
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K
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Explanations o f sym bols for m ethods o f price indices estimation:
1 - index
К
- applying o f indices from higher levels o f aggregation for lower levels
M - using o f several methods
R
- on the base o f representatives
U
- on the base o f dom inant elem ent index
X
- on the base o f "reversed” weighted average o f higher level category
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
M
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Mariusz Plich, Marcin Ponew czyński
Operation o f personal transport equipment
Transport services
Com m unication
Recreation, culture equipment & durables
Recreational & cultural services
Newspapers, books & stationary
Package holidays
Education
Restaurants & hotels
Personal care
O ther goods & services
2
M a riu sz Plich, M arcin P o n ew czyń sk i
W Y D A T K I K O N SU M P C Y JN E W M O D E L U I M P E C K O N STR U K C JA BAZY DANYCH
B ard z o w ażn y m ele m e n te m m o d eli typu IN F O R U M je s t b lo k ró w n a ń sp o ży cia
z d o c h o d ó w o so b isty c h lu d n o ści. W y ró żn ia się w n ich z w y k le o d 4 0 d o 100 k ateg o rii
sp o ży cia. W p rz y p ad k u m o d elu IM P E C (m o d el typu IN F O R U M d la P o lsk i) liczb a tych
kategorii nie p rz e k ra c z a ła 18, co b y ło u w a ru n k o w a n e d o stę p n o śc ią d a n y c h sta ty sty c z ­
nych. W o p ra co w an iu p rz e d sta w io n o m e to d o lo g ię b u d o w y b a z y d a n y c h o sp o ży ciu
w p o d ziale na 108 k ateg o rii, o b ejm u ją c ej lata 1 9 8 0 -2 0 0 1 .
D o b u d o w y b azy w y k o rz y sta n o m ięd zy in n y m i w y n ik i b ad ań b u d ż e tó w g o sp o ­
d arstw d o m o w y c h o ra z in fo rm ac je o cen ach w g o sp o d a rc e n aro d o w ej. S k o n stru o w a n e
szereg i są zg o d n e z rach u n k a m i n aro d o w y m i, co u m o ż liw ia b e z p o śre d n ie w y k o rz y sta n ie
tej b azy do b u d o w y b ard ziej n iż d o ty c h c z a s ro z w in ię te g o b lo k u ró w n a ń sp o ż y c ia dla
p o trzeb m o d elu IM P E C .