BIOL 103 Homework (Chapter 2) Answer Key 1. Identify the six core nutrition concepts that help to shape our eating patterns.
The six core nutrition concepts consist of the following:
1. Adequacy
2. Balance
3. Calorie (energy) control
4. Nutrient density
5. Moderation
6. Variety
2. USDA provides MyPlate and Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015 as resources for Americans to plan their diets. a. What is the purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015? The purpose of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is to provide
science-based advice to promote health and to reduce risk for chronic
diseases through diet and physical activity. b. What are the five basic concepts of Dietary Guidelines for Americans, 2015? 1. Follow a healthy eating pattern across the lifespan.
2. Focus on variety, nutrient density, and amount.
3. Limit calories from added sugars and saturated fats and reduce
sodium intake.
4. Shift to healthier food and beverage choices.
5. Support healthy eating patterns for all.
3. List and define the four main Dietary Reference Intake categories. • The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) is the nutrient intake level that is
estimated to meet the needs of 50 percent of the individuals in a life-stage and
gender group.
• The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the daily intake level that meets
the needs of most (97 to 98 percent) people in a life-stage and gender group.
• An Adequate Intake (AI) level is set when an RDA has yet to be established due
to a lack of knowledge and need for more scientific research.
•
The Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL) is the maximum daily intake level that is
unlikely to pose health risks to almost all of the individuals in a life-stage and
gender category.
4. Describe how the Exchange List system works and why people with diabetes
might use it.
• The exchange system divides foods into groups and assigns each food within a
group a portion size comparable in calories and nutrients.
• People with diabetes might use the exchange system because, if followed
correctly, it can help them keep a consistent carbohydrate intake and keep their
total calories in line with recommendations.
5. In general, what is the difference between what FDA and USDA oversees?
FDA overlooks all domestic and imported foods and beverages, excluding meat
and poultry.
USDA overlooks meat and poultry.
6. In 1990, Congress passed the Nutrition Labeling and Education Act (NLEA)
for food packages. Which mandatory information are on food labels?
• Name of the food • Net weight of the food • Name/address of manufacturer, packer, and distributor • List of ingredients • Nutrition information 7. What are the three types of food claims that may be found on food labels? Give an example of each. •
•
•
Nutrient content claims describe the level of a nutrient or dietary
substance in the product using terms such as good source, high, or free.
A health claim is any statement that associates a food or a substance in a
food with a disease or health-related condition.
A structure/function claim describes a benefit related to a nutrientdeficiency disease or describes the role of a nutrient or dietary ingredient
intended to affect a structure or function in humans; for example, calcium
helps build strong bones.