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"Determinants of Conservation
Investments by Rwandan Farm Households." IAAE Occasional Paper no. 7. Contributed
Paper for the 22nd Congress of the International Association of Agricultural Economists,
August 1994.
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13
Table 1.
Crop
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Coffee
Banana
Banana/beans
Manioc/banana
Fallow
Pasture
Woodlot
Beans/banana
Banana/sorghum
Peas
Sorghum/banana
Beans
Beans/potato
Crop Cover Value (C-value) for Selected Crops
in Pure Stands and in Association
C-value
Crop
.02
.04
.10
.10
.10
.10
.10
.12
.14
.15
.18
.19
.20
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
34.
25.
26.
14
Beans/sweet potato
Peanut/beans
Manioc/beans
Potato
Sweet potato
Eleusine
Manioc
Maize/beans
Sorghum/manioc
Cocoyam
Maize
Sorghum
Tobacco
C-value
.20
.21
.22
.22
.23
.25
.26
.30
.31
.33
.35
.40
.45
Table 2. Mean Crop Cover Value (C-Value)
by Steepness of Slope (in degrees)
of fields in Rwanda.
Mean
C-Value
(N)
0 - 5 Degrees
6 - 9 Degrees
10 - 14 Degrees
15 - 20 Degrees
21+ Degrees
.17
.18
.17
.16
.16
(1135)
(785)
(998)
(967)
(931)
Total
.17
(4817)
Slope
Eta = -.07
Sig.= <.001
15
Table 3. Decline in Productivity of Cropped Fields
by Steepness of Field Slope (in degrees).
Steepness of Field Slope
Decline in
Productivity
%
0 - 5
Degrees
%
6 - 9
Degrees
%
10 - 14
Degrees
%
15 - 20
Degrees
%
21 +
Degrees
Total
%
No decline
Small decline
Large decline
53.3
36.9
9.8
53.8
39.3
6.9
47.7
41.5
10.8
49.9
34.3
15.8
44.3
39.2
16.5
50.0
38.2
11.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(1041)
(740)
(907)
(837)
(755)
(4279)
Total
(N)
Gamma =
.10
Sig < .001
16
Table 4.
Primary Reason for Decline in Productivity of Cropped Fields
by Steepness of Field Slope (in degrees).
Steepness of Field Slope
Reason for
Decline in
Productivity
%
0 - 5
Degrees
%
6 - 9
Degrees
%
10 - 14
Degrees
%
15 - 20
Degrees
%
21 +
Degrees
Total
%
Soil erosion
Over-cultivated
Disease
Other
Don't know
3.8
58.6
3.7
25.4
8.5
5.3
60.7
5.3
24.9
3.8
11.2
50.4
4.1
27.1
7.1
18.1
40.4
3.3
33.3
4.9
38.1
33.8
4.3
18.1
5.7
15.2
48.7
4.1
25.8
6.2
100.0
486
100.0
342
100.0
475
100.0
419
100.0
420
100.0
2142
Total
(N)
Gamma = -.19
Sig < .001
17
Table 5.
Use of Organic Fertilizer and Mulch by Distance (in minutes)
of Field from the Household Residence
Use of org.
fertilizer
and/or mulch
None
Fertilizer only
Mulch only
Fertil. & mulch
Total
(N)
Distance from Residence (in minutes)
0 - 5
5 - 15
16 - 30
31 - 45
> 45
Total
50.8
33.9
11.6
3.6
79.6
11.6
7.6
1.1
89.0
4.8
5.7
0.5
82.8
5.8
9.1
2.3
89.7
5.0
5.3
0.0
60.9
26.1
10.2
2.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(2920)
(874)
(309)
(83)
(92)
(4279)*
* No information on use of manure and mulch on fields in pasture or woodlot
18
Table 6.
Land Use by Steepness of Field Slope
Steepness of Field Slope
%
0 - 5
Degrees
%
6 - 9
Degrees
%
10 - 14
Degrees
%
15 - 20
Degrees
%
21 +
Degrees
Total
%
11.6
17.5
10.2
12.4
4.3
1.7
4.0
11.6
20.2
10.8
8.5
4.6
1.4
9.2
12.9
20.9
9.6
7.1
5.7
2.1
8.3
9.9
16.9
7.1
9.3
6.6
2.7
7.4
7.7
11.3
4.2
9.9
5.5
3.4
10.5
10.8
17.3
8.8
9.5
5.3
2.3
7.7
8.7
3.1
4.0
6.9
1.3
2.4
8.9
3.0
3.9
9.7
6.6
4.2
14.0
10.9
5.3
9.7
5.0
4.0
Other
22.4
23.0
17.7
19.6
17.5
20.0
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
(1135)
(785)
(998)
(967)
(931)
(4817)
Land Use
Bananas
Beans
Sorghum
Sweet Potatoes
Coffee
Maize
Manioc
Fallow
Woodlot
Pasture
(N)
19
Table 7. Change in Fallow, Pasture and Woodlot over the
Past Two Years as Reported by Heads of Households
Change over Past Two Years
Land Use
Fallow
Pasture
Woodlot
More
Less
Same
(N)_
15.8
2.4
21.7
28.0
13.1
6.3
56.2
84.5
72.0
(1,015)
(1,015)
(1,015)
20