This chapter explores art of the first half of the twentieth century (1900’s) in Europe
and North America, including painting, architecture, and sculpture. Some of the
primary trends of this era include Early Modernism, Fauvism, Suprematism,
Primitivism, Expressionism, Cubism, and Modernism. The chapter focuses heavily on
Pablo Picasso, who is perhaps the most influential individual artist of all time.
NOTE:
During the Twentieth Century, it was
decided that art should become
universal so that everyone could
appreciate it.
Imagery that promoted
specific religions, races, ideals or
beliefs might be rejected by some,
so it ceased to be produced.
This is where ABSTRACTION comes from!
We will continue studying The International Scene Since 1950 as our final topic. Feel
free to scan the pages in that section and take some notes in order to get a head start.
TERMS:
Primitivism (1022), collage (1026), assemblage (1026), readymade (1037),
photomontage (1039-term only), domino construction (1045), ferroconcrete (1045,
pilotis (1045), curtain wall (1045), ribbon window (1045), Prairie Style (1046),
automatism (1056), frottage (1056), grattage (1056), biomorphic (1057), mobiles (1059)
Juxtaposition:
The atypical placement of two or more things near each other
CONCEPTS TO KNOW:
Know the lasting effects of WWI in Europe and the United States (1018)
Know that Fauvists were called “Wild Beasts” and why this was so (1019)
Know the artistic attitudes of Western artists who used Primitivism (1022-1023)
Know the difference between Analytic Cubism (take apart) & Synthetic Cubism (put together) (1024-6)
Know how “The Bridge” artists viewed contemporary society (1026)
Know the aspirations of The Blue Rider group, which include Vassily Kandinsky and Franz Marc (1029)
Know the artistic goals the Italian Futurist outlined in “Foundation and Manifesto of Futurism” (1033)
Know the basics of Dada and what it aimed to accomplish (1037)
Know the Ashcan School was centered around Robert Henri and know what Ashcan School was (1040)
Know the influence that Alfred Stieglitz had on American Modern Art in early 20 th century (1041-1042)
Know that European modernism was introduced to America at the Armory Show, 1913, NYC (1042)
Know characteristics of Modern architecture and Adolf Loos’ ideas towards architectural style (1045)
Know how to describe Le Corbusier’s unique style and how it is manifested in Villa Savoye (1045)
Know Elements of Architecture: The Skyscraper (1050). Know the purpose of a “setback”
Know the artistic conventions and goals of de Stijl (1052)
Know The Bauhaus (who founded it, what “Bauhaus” means, which ideals it promoted) (1054)
Know the basics of Surrealism and what it aimed to accomplish, along with who founded it (1056)
Know what frottage and grattage are and who developed them (both are automatism) (1056)
Know Elements of Architecture: The International Style. Know 3 principles of International Style (1057)
Know the basics about the priorities of the Harlem Renaissance and its founder (1061 and 1064)
Read “The Object Speaks” Guernica. Understand Picasso’s goals in creating this painting (1062)
Know what the PWAP was, who set it up, and what affect it had on art in America (1066)
Know the artistic goal of Art Informel (formless art) and how this goal is met (1071-1072)
Know the basic priorities of the Latin American movements: Concrete Invention and Madí
(1072, with explanation within the PowerPoint, just after the Joaquin Torres-Garcia piece)
Know the artistic “roots” of Abstract Expressionism and their one common purpose (1073)
Know the four endeavors of all Abstract Expressionist artists (1074)
-interest in painting with a desire to rebel against tradition
-treat the act of painting as an expressive exercise
-communicate universal ideas in paint
-create sublime art on a heroic scale
Know the two forms of Abstract Expressionism (according to Harold Rosenberg) (1074)
-Action Painting
-Color Field Painting
TITLE
ARTIST
YEAR
Europe, the Americas, and North Africa, 1900-1950
Line Art
Ma Jolie*
Pablo Picasso
1911-1912
Mountains at Collioure
André Derain
1905
London: Saint Paul’s Cathedral seen from the Thames
André Derain
1914
The Woman With the Hat
Henri Matisse
1905
They Joy of Life**
Henri Matisse
1906
Nude Reclining
Henri Matisse
1929
Dessert Harmony in Red
Henri Matisse
1908
Self-Portrait*
Pablo Picasso
1901
Family of Santimbanques*
Pablo Picasso
1905
Self-Portrait
Pablo Picasso
1896
Self-Portrait
Pablo Picasso
1900
Self-Portrait
Pablo Picasso
1906
Self-Portrait
Pablo Picasso
1907
Self-Portrait
Pablo Picasso
1917
Self-Portrait
Pablo Picasso
1966
Self-Portrait Facing Death*
Pablo Picasso
1972
Les Demoiselles d’Avignon*
Pablo Picasso
1907
Pablo Picasso was inspired by African masks
modern photograph
Bull’s Head
Pablo Picasso
1943
Houses at l’Estaque
Georges Braque
1908
Violin and Palette**
Georges Braque
1910
Newspaper, Pipe and Glass
Georges Braque
1913
Portrait of Daniel-Henry Kahnweiler
Pablo Picasso
1910
Glass and Bottle of Suze**
Pablo Picasso
1912
Mandolin and Clarinet
Pablo Picasso
1913
Girl with Mandolin
Pablo Picasso
1910
Three Nudes—Dune Picture from Nidden
Schmidt-Rottluff
1913
Head of a Woman 2
Schmidt-Rottluff
1916
Masks
Emil Nolde
1911
Street, Berlin*
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
1913
Self-Portrait with Model
Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
1907
The Outbreak**
Käthe Kollwitz
1903
Misery
Käthe Kollwitz
1896
Germany’s Children are Starving!
Käthe Kollwitz
1934
Death Seizing a Mother*
Käthe Kollwitz
1934
Mutter mit Zwillingen (Mother of Twins)
Käthe Kollwitz
1937
Self-Portrait with an Amber Necklace
Paula Modersohn-Becker
1906
Self-Portrait Nude*
Egon Schiele
1911
Liegender weiblicher Akt (Reclining Nude)
Egon Schiele
1917
Large Blue Horses**
Franz Marc
1911
The Blue Mountain
Vassily Kandinsky
1908-1909
Improvisation 28*
Vassily Kandinsky
1912
Composition VIII
Vassily Kandinsky
1923
Homage to Blériot
Robert Delaunay
1914
Clothes and Customized Citroën B-12
Sonia Delaunay-Terk
1925
Three Women
Fernand Léger
1921
Armored Train in Action**
Gino Severini
1915
Cannons in Action
Gino Severini
1915
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space*
Umberto Boccioni
1913
Electric Light
Natalia Goncharova
1913
Eight Red Rectangles**
Kazimir Malevich
1915
Suprematist Composition (White on White)
Kazimir Malevich
1918
Corner Counter-Relief
Vladimir Tatlin
1915
Emblem of Moscow, with Saint George as “The Blue Rider”
Torso of a Yong Man*
Constantin Brancusi
1924
Magic Bird
Constantin Brancusi
1908-1912
The Newborn
Constantin Brancusi
1915
Sleeping Muse
Constantin Brancusi
1910
Constantin Brancusi, 1905
Hugo Ball Reciting Sound Poem “Karawane”, Cabaret Voltaire* Zurich, Switzerland
1916
Hugo Ball reciting a Sound Poem at Cabaret Voltaire
Zurich, Switzerland
1916
Nude Descending a Staircase 2
Marcel Duchamp
1912
Fountain**
Marcel Duchamp
1917
L.H.O.O.Q.
Marcel Duchamp
1919
Bicycle Wheel
Marcel Duchamp
1913
Hannah Höch
1919
La Reine Mora*
Robert Henri
1906
Isolina Maldonado Spanish Dancer
Robert Henri
1865-1929
Snow in New York
Robert Henri
1902
Election Night*
John Sloan
1907
McSorley’s Bar
John Sloan
1912
Nighthawks*
Edward Hopper
1942
Stag at Sharkey’s*
George Bellows
1909
The Flatiron Building*
Alfred Stieglitz
1903
The Steerage
Alfred Stieglitz
1907
Georgia O’Keeffe
Alfred Stieglitz
1918
Georgia O’Keeffe
Alfred Stieglitz
1918
Cut with the Kitchen Knife Dada through the Last Weimar
Beer-Belly Cultural Epoch of Germany
Armory Show, NYC, National Guard 69th Street Regiment
1913
O’Keeffe Painting in Car, Ghost Ranch, NM
Ansel Adams
1937
Nature Symbolized No. 2*
Arthur Dove
1911
Sunrise
Arthur Dove
1925
City Night
Georgia O’Keeffe
1926
An Orchid*
Georgia O’Keeffe
1941
Black Iris III
Georgia O’Keeffe
1926
Jack-in-the-Pulpit No. IV
Georgia O’Keeffe
1930
Cow Skull with Red, White and Blue*
Georgia O’Keeffe
1931
Brooklyn Bridge
Georgia O’Keeffe
1949
Portrait of a German Officer
Marsden Hartley
1914
I Saw the Figure 5 in Gold*
Charles Demuth
1928
Brooklyn Bridge: Variation on and Old Theme
Joseph Stella
1939
Steiner House**
Adolf Loos
1910
Steiner House, Vienna, Austria (elevation)
Adolf Loos
1910
Steiner House, Vienna, Austria (back)
Adolf Loos
1910
Villa Savoye, Poisy-sur-Seine, France*
Le Corbusier
1929-30
United Nations, NYC
Le Corbusier (and others)
1952
General Assembly Hall, United Nations, NYC
Le Corbusier (and others)
1952
Frederick C. Robie House**
Frank Lloyd Wright
1909
Dining Room, Frederick C. Robie House, Chicago
Frank Lloyd Wright
1906-1909
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, Milwaukee (exterior)
Frank Lloyd Wright
1956
Annunciation Greek Orthodox Church, Milwaukee (interior)
Frank Lloyd Wright
1956
Le Corbusier with model for United Nations
F. L. Wright, Hilla Rebay and Solomon R. Guggenheim unveiling model for Guggenheim Museum, August, 1945
Edgar Kaufmann House, Mill Run, Pennsylvania (exterior)*
Frank Lloyd Wright
1937
Edgar Kaufmann House, Mill Run, Pennsylvania (interior)
Frank Lloyd Wright
1937
Lookout Studio, Grand Canyon National Park, Arizona
Mary Colter
1914
Woolworth Building, New York (exterior)*
Cass Gilbert
1911-1913
Woolworth Building, New York (interior)
Cass Gilbert
1911-1913
Southern Manhattan seen from Woolworth Building, Library of Congress, 1913
Elements of Architecture: The Skyscraper
Line Art
Worker’s Club
Aleksandr Rodchenko
1925
Proun Space
El Lissitzky
1923
Worker and Collective Farm Woman*
Vera Mukhina
1937
Composition with Yellow, Red, and Blue**
Piet Mondrian
1927
Evening Red Tree
Piet Mondrian
1908
Broadway Boogie Woogie
Piet Mondrian
1942
Piet Mondrian
1922
Schröder House, Utrecht, Netherlands (exterior) *
Gerrit Rietveld
1925
Schröder House, Utrecht, Netherlands (interior)
Gerrit Rietveld
1925
Coffee and Tea Service
Marianne Brandt
1924
Bauhaus Building, Dessau, Germany*
Walter Gropius
1925-26
Serif and Sans-Serif fonts
The Bauhaus “Training Program” for artists
Line Art
The Dada Wall in Room 3 of the “Degenerate Art” Exhibition
Munich, Germany
1937
Wall Hanging
Anni Albers
1926
The Horde*
Max Ernst
1927
Birth of Liquid Desires*
Salvador Dalí
1931-1932
The Persistence of Memory
Salvador Dalí
1931
The Temptation of Saint Anthony
Salvador Dalí
1946
Portrait of Picasso
Salvador Dalí
1947
Christ of St. John of the Cross
Salvador Dalí
1951
Crucifixion
Salvador Dalí
1954
Salvador Dalí with Ocelot and Cane
1956
The Treachery of Images*
René Magritte
1929
Luncheon in Fur**
Meret Oppenheim
1936
Composition*
Joan Miró
1933
Lobster Trap and Fish Tail*
Alexander Calder
1939
Untitled Mobile, Washington, D.C.
Alexander Calder
1977
Black Widow
Alexander Calder
1959
Forms in Echelon
Barbara Hepworth
1938
Recumbent Figure**
Henry Moore
1938
Pyramid of Chichen Itza, Maya culture
Yucatan, Mexico
800-1100 CE
Reclining Figure
Henry Moore
1951
Couple wearing Raccoon Coats with Cadillac, Harlem
James Van Der Zee
1932
Guernica*
Pablo Picasso
1937
Studies for Guernica
Pablo Picasso
1937
Guernica, Spain, after the bombing
modern photographs
Aspects of Negro Life**
Aaron Douglas
1934
Building More Stately Mansions
Aaron Douglas
1944
Aaron Douglas
modern photographs
La Citadelle: Freedom
Augusta Savage
1930
The Migration Series, panel No. 1: The Great Migration North* Jacob Lawrence
1940-1941
The Migration Series, panel No. 3: The Migration of the Negro
Jacob Lawrence
1940-1941
Migrant Mother, Nipomo, California*
Dorothea Lange
February, 1936
Plantation Overseer & Field Hands, Clarksdale, Mississippi
Dorothea Lange
1936
Towards Los Angeles, California
Dorothea Lange
March, 1937
Unemployed Lumber Worker, Oregon
Dorothea Lange
1939
American Gothic**
Grant Wood
1930
Arbor Day
Grant Wood
1932
The Great City of Tenochtitlan (detail)
Diego Rivera
1945
Detroit Industry *
Diego Rivera
1933
Flower Seller
Diego Rivera
1942
The Two Fridas*
Frida Kahlo
1939
Frida and Diego
Frida Kahlo
1939
Self Portrait with Dr. Juan Farill
Frida Kahlo
1951
The Broken Column*
Frida Kahlo
1944
The One Who Eats
Tarsila do Amaral
1928
Head Surrounded by Sides of Beef*
Francis Bacon
1954
REMEMBER:
Diego Velázquez
1650
Study after Velázquez's Portrait of Pope Innocent X
Francis Bacon
1953
Head VI
Francis Bacon
1948
Diego Rivera and his wife, Frida Kahlo
Pope Innocent X
Francis Bacon
1950s
Painting**
Wols
1945
Zambezia, Zambezia*
Wilfredo Lam
1950
Abstract Art in Five Tones and Complementaries
Joaquin Torres-Garcia
1943
Maccu Piccu
Inca culture
Analytical Structure*
Raul Locca
1946
Madí Luminous Structure “F”*
Gyula Kosice
1946
Garden in Sochi *
Arshile Gorky
1943
The Liver is the Cock’s Comb
Arshile Gorky
1944
The Artist’s Mother
Arshile Gorky
1936
Autumn Rhythm #30**
Jackson Pollock
1950
Autumn Rhythm (Number 30) (upside-down)
Jackson Pollock
1950
Photograph of Jackson Pollock Painting, The Springs, New York Hans Namuth
1950
Pollock Painting in his studio
1950s
Jackson Pollock
Joe Figg
Jackson Pollock and Lee Krasner
1951
1946
The Seasons*
Lee Krasner
1957
Woman I*
Willem de Kooning
1950-1952
Woman
Willem de Kooning
1949
Asheville
Willem de Kooning
1948
Knight Watch
Jean-Paul Riopelle
1953
Mountains at Sea*
Helen Frankenthaler
1952
The Bay
Helen Frankenthaler
1963
Lavender and Mulberry**
Mark Rothko
1959
No. 61, Brown, Blue, Brown on Blue
Mark Rothko
1953
+ additional Mark Rothko paintings
Mark Rothko
modern photograph
Vir Heroicus Sublimis
Barnett Newman
1950-1951
Cubi*
David Smith
1965
Hudson River Landscape
David Smith
1951
Cubi XXVI
David Smith
Cubi XXI, 1964, Cubi I, 1963, David Smith: “Cubes & Anarchy," exhibition at Whitney Museum, Indiana Univ.
*Possibly a slide-identification question. Know the title and artist.
**Know title, artist and YEAR.