1rst Ann. Confr. , FVM., Moshtohor, Sept, 2004
EFFICACY OF IRON DEXTRAN IN PREVENTION OF
NUTRITIONAL ANAEMIA IN NEWLY-BORN CATTLE
CALVES
Fouad. H.M. El-Sangary, Magda M.Mohamed and Amina E.S. Faris
Animal Health Research Institute, Dokki, Zagazig Branch.
ABSTRACT
A study of the efficacy of iron dextran to compensate the shortage
of iron in blood by injection in newly-born cattle calves suckling dams
milk. The experiment was carried out on a commercial flock belonged to
a private farm in Sharkia governorate during October-December 2003.
Animals used (60 calves) were divided into 2 equal groups (control and
treated one), the treated calves were allocated according to age into equal
six subgroups each of 5 calves [1, 7, 14, 21, 30 , 40 days age]. Each
treated subgroup received one injectable dose of 500 mg iron dextran
intramuscular per calf. Blood and serum samples were collected before
injection, then after 2 & 4 weeks post injection as well as after weaning
at 3 months old from each animal in all tested groups. Hematological and
biochemical investigations showed significant changes. No anaemic
cases were recorded during the first two months of age. However, iron
supplementation improved the hematological values (RBCs, Hb, PCV
and MCV) in injected calves more than their control. The significant
decrease of serum iron and increase of total iron binding capacity and
unsaturated iron binding capacity in control animals were improved in
animals treated with iron dextran till 21th day old. On contrary, the older
ages at 30 and 40 days were not corrected by one dose. After weaning (at
3 months old) no significant changes were recorded.
On conclusion, administration of 500 mg iron dextran to suckling
calves under 21 days old may be a helpful tool to prevent iron deficiency
anaemia in newly born calves.
First Scientific Conference of Fac. Vet. Med.;Moshtohor,Sept. 1-4, Benha-Ras sedr.
F. H.M. El-Sangary et. al.
INTRODUCTION
Whole cow milk as the sole diet is inadequate to fulfill in
supplying the requirement of the calf’s need for iron and the high growth
rate of neonatal animals (15). Iron nutritional interest was focused on
hemoglobin formation and oxygen transport -cytochrome enzymes and
animal immunity. Iron deficiency leads to microcytic hypochromic
anaemia which is manifested as retarded growth (10).
During first weeks of life, a transient mild to sever anaemia can develop
in the young naturally reared pre-ruminant calves, underdeveloped
ruminal digestive capacity acted synergestically to cause iron deficiency
(4). These animals showed pica, depraved appetite and consequently
weakness and morbidity were frequently (13 ,18). This varies with age,
species and with individual animal (10). Bunger et al. (4) recorded a
moderate iron deficiency anaemia in 32% of young calves at one week
old which increased to 73% at nine weeks, then decreased to 15% at 1226 weeks. At 28 days old, Mollerberg (17) revealed iron deficiency
anaemia in 13 -35 % of calves fed on milk. However, Saror (22) and Elgi
and Blum (9) found a decrease in serum iron concentration in calves
from birth to 4 weeks of old.
The aetiology of anaemia incidence indicated a general problem of the
rearing calves without iron supplementation (2) so iron treatment was
significant to prevent anaemia during the suckling period (3) .The
parenteral injection of iron dextran induced rapid recovery of animals
with iron deficiency anaemia (21).
Aim of study: The present study aims to provide more detailed
information about the changes in the values of hemoglobin (Hb), red
blood cells (RBCs), packed cell volume (PCV) and iron levels of the
newly born calves throughout the first days of suckling period. In
addition the evaluation of the efficacy of organic iron administration in
preventing anaemia during this period which is suitable time to handle
them.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
In this study, the experiment was carried out between October and
December 2003 on newly born apparently healthy cattle calves of native
breed and suckled dams milk naturally .
Groups: The tested animals were divided into 2 equal groups (control and
treated), each group subdivided according to age into six subgroups (1,7,
14, 21, 30, 40 days).
Feed: Composed of natural dam’s milk as the sole diet till 2 months age
(weaning time).
Treatment: Iron dextran (500 mg III hydroxide dextran complex*). It
was injected as 5 ml intramuscular single injection/calf in the thickest
portion of skeletal muscles on the posterior side of the hind leg.
Samples: Blood and serum were collected before injection and after 2 &
4 weeks of treatments and after weaning at 3 months age.
I-Hematological Studies: jugular whole blood samples were collected by
vacationer tubes containing potassium EDTA for hematological studies (8).
II-Biochemical Studies: jugular blood samples were collected by
vacationer plain tubes, for serum collection and determination of iron (7),
and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) (16). Unsaturated Iron Binding
Capacity (UIBC) was calculated according to the following equation:
UIBC = TIBC - serum iron µg/100 ml
Statistical analysis : Assessed by using student’s t - test (23)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Nutritional diseases are considered as important cause of
economic losses of calves. Suboptimal performance due to inadequate
iron nutritional supply of calves from birth to weaning was recorded
(19).PCV of calves injected with iron dextran at birth remained within
the normal level as shown in table 1, indicating that erythrocyte
producing mechanism was functional and iron was needed to alleviate
pre-weaning anaemia in calves (5).
A marked reduction in RBCs, Hb and PCV, was recorded in samples
obtained from untreated calves at 2nd and 3rd weeks old compared with
treated calves. This finding was consistent with proposal of Rajkhowa et.al.
(20) concerning lack of available adequate iron dose. Keeping with this
line, the present study revealed that iron dextran administration rapidly
*
(Veterinary iron injection from Barneveld/Holland.)
improved PCV and MCV after 7 days post injection. Similar results were
obtained by Ceppi and Blum (6) and Elgi and Blum, (9) ,however, Hibbs
et. al. (14) detected no significant variation.
Insignificant elevation of hematological values (Table 2) at 30
and 40 days of age was recorded in treated groups compared with
untreated calves, so another dose of iron may be required to fulfill future
calf need.
Tables 1 and 2 revealed after weaning that most of the
hematological parameter showed non significant changes which may be
due to the ingested food supply. In contrary Bomba et. al.(1) recorded
20% of cases suffered from anaemia at weaning time. In the same
respect, Ceppi and Blum (6) revealed decreases in RBCs, Hb and PCV
in weaning calves.
In table 3 parameters of iron analysis revealed that iron dextran
injection at birth and at 7th day old maintained a high level of serum iron
during the first 2 months of age. Rajkhowa et al. (20) supported the afore
mentioned result. At 14th day old (Table 3), the control calves had
minimum level of serum iron, a result which agreement with Saror (22)
while in treated calves, a significant improvement of serum iron was
recorded. Table 3 shows significant reduction in the raised values of both
total iron binding capacity and the unsaturated iron binding capacity of
21 days old treated calves in comparison with untreated ones. The
obtained data were similar to that recorded by many others (6,9,12,24)
Furthermore, Ghergarui et. al.(11) recommended administration of two
doses of organic iron, each of 500 mg/3-6 weeks old calf with one week
interval to maintain iron serum level.
On the other hand, the present data regarding serum iron level
after weaning was high as those mentioned by Bomba et. al. (1).
In conclusion, treatment of newly born suckling cattle calves (up
to 21 days old) with a single dose of iron dextran (500 mg/head) resulted
in prevention of preweaning nutritional anaemia.
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erythrocytes, serum iron and serum copper in calves before and after
weaning with reference to anaemia. Veterinarstvi, 36 (5): 227 - 229.
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P.; Furcht, G. and Schmoldt, O. (1982) :Oral and intramuscular
ferridextran administration in male rearing calves. 1-Haematologic
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Effects of intramuscular injections of iron dextran in newborn
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6. Ceppi, A .and Blum, J.W. (1994): Effect of growth hormone on
growth performance, haematology, metabolites and hormones in iron
deficient veal calves. Zentralb 1 Veterinar med, A. Aug. 41, (6) 443 58.
7. 7- Colenbrander, H.J., and Vink, C,L.J. (1969):Clin. Chim. Acta., 28,
175 - 184.
8. Coles, E.H. (1986): Veterinary clinical pathology 3rd Ed., W.B.,
Saunders Co., Philadelphia, London Toronto and Tokyo.
9. Elgi, C. P. and Blum J. W. (1998) :Clinical haematological,
metabolic and endocrine traits during the first three months of life of
suckling simnentaler calves held in a cow calf operation. Zentralb 1
Veterinar med. A. Mar. 45 (2) 99- 118.
10. Geogiveskii, V.I. (1982) :Mineral composition of bodies and tissues
of animals and physiological role microelements. In “Mineral
nutrition of animal”. Ed. Georgiveskii Enenkov, D.M. and
Samokhin, V.I. Frenund puplishing House, Putterworth, London
Poston sydiny.
11. Ghergarui, S.; Danielescu, N .and Moldovan; N. (1984) :Experiments
on preventing anaemia in calves. Revista de crestrea Animale Lor, 34
(4) 28 - 33.
12. Green, L. E. Graham, M. and Morgan, K.L. (1997) :Preliminary
study of the effect of iron dextran on a non - regenerative anaemia of
housed lambs. Veterinary Record 140, 219 - 222.
13. Gygax, M ,.Hirni, H., Zwaillen, R., and Blum, J.W. (1993) :Immune
functions of veal calves fed low amount of iron. J. Vet. Med. Ser. A.
40, 345 - 358.
14. Hibbs, J. R., Conrad, H.R. Vandersall, J.H. and Gale, C. (1963) :
Occurrence of iron deficiency anaemia in dairy calves at birth and its
alleviation by iron dextran injection. J. Dairy Sci. 46, 1118 - 1124.
15. Kaneko, J.J. (1993) :Clinical Biochemistry of Domestic Animals. 4th
ed. Academic Press, New York.
16. Kunish, J.P. and Small, L.L. (1970) :Clin. Chem.. 16, 148 - 150.
17. Mollerberg, L. (1975): A hematologic and blood chemical study of
Swedish purchased calves. Acta. Vet. Scand., 16, 170 - 177.
18. Payne, J .M. (1989) :Metabolic and nutritional diseases of cattle.
Library of Veterinary practice. Black well scientific publication LTD
Oxford London Edinburgh Boston Mellourne.
19. Radostitis, O.M., Blood, D.C. and Gay, CC. (1994) :Veterinary
Medicine. A text book of disease of cattle, sheep, pigs, goats and
horses. 8th Ed.
20. Rajkhowa, S ,.Dutta, G. N. and Hazarika, G. (2000) :Comparative
study on the efficacy of iron dextran chelated iron and E Hb a herbomineral product for treatment and prevention anaemia in calves and
kids.
Phytomedica.
Mar,
1
(1 and 2) 29 - 36.
21. Ramakrishna, K.V.; Choudhury, P.C.; Krishnayya, K.S.R. and
Reddy, J.S. (1992) :Evaluation of dose schedule of parentral and oral
iron preparations in experimental hemorrhagic anaemia in buffaloes.
Ind. Vet. J. 69 (8): 703 - 706.
22. Saror, D.I. (1980) :Variations with age in serum iron and iron binding
capacity in Zebu cattle. Res. Vet. Sci. 28 (1): 130 – 131.
23. Snedecor, W. E. and W.G. Cochran (1984) :Statistical methods lowa
state Unive. Press. Ames. Lowa, USA.
24. Underwood, E.J. (1977) :Trace elements in human and animal
Nutrition, 4th ed. Academic Press, London, 545 pp.
At 7 days
At Birth
Table 1. Erythrogram in newly born cattle calves received injectable iron dextran (500 mg/calf. I/M) at
1st day , 7th days, 14th days after birth and after weaning at 3 months age (n = 5).
RBCs
Hb gm/dl PCV%
MCV pg MCH fg
MCHc%
6
Parameters
10 /µl
Subgroups
Before
Treated
9.4 + 0.3
11.8 + 0.4 38.2 + 0.7 40.2 + 0.8 13.2 + 0.8 29.1 + 0.6
injection Control
9.7 + 0.4
10.8 + 0.5 39.1 + 1.4 41.4
+ 13 + 0.7
31.4 + 0.8
1.03
2 weeks
9.2 + 0.3
12.2
+ 39.4 + 0.3 40.2 + 0.8 14.4 + 0.8 30.8 + 1.1
0.31 **
Control
8.5 + 0.4
10.3 + 0.3 37.7 + 0.8 38.8 + 0.6 13.2 + 0.8 30.2 + 1.2
After
4 weeks
9.8 + 0.5* 11.9 + 0.4 41.6
+ 41.8
+ 14.6 + 0.5 29.8 + 0.7
injection
**
1.07 *
1.03 **
Control
7.3 + 0.5
10.3 + 0.2 38.4 + 0.5 37.8 + 0.7 12.7 + 0.6 27.3 + 1.1
at 3 months 10.08 + 11.9 + 0.2 41.6
+ 41.8
+ 15.6 + 0.5 32.4 + 1.2
age
0.5
1.07
1.03
Control
9.16 + 0.3 10.8 + 0.5 38.8 + 0.7 40.8
+ 14.5 + 0.9 31.4 + 0.9
0.78
Before
Treated
8.5 + 0.4
10.2 + 0.4 36.7
+ 40.3 + 0.8 13.7 + 0.3 28.3 + 0.8
injection
0.99
Control
9.2 + 0.3
10.5 + 0.4 36.1
+ 41.1
+ 13.3 + 0.3 30.5
+
1.04
1.04
0.96
2 weeks
7.9 + 0.3 12.6 + 0.5 38.7 + 0.9 41.7 + 0.8 14.6 + 0.6 29.8 + 0.7
*
**
*
Control
6.5 + 0.3
10.3 + 0.2 37.1 + 0.8 38.9 + 0.7 12.6 + 0.7 28.4
=
After
0.96
injection 4 Weeks
9.2 + 0.4 11.3 + 0.5 40 + 1.2 * 41.4 + 0.7 13.9 + 0.4 29.2 + 0.8
*
**
**
*
Control
7.1 + 0.6
10.3 + 0.4 35.9 + 0.7 37.5 + 0.9 11.9 + 0.6 26.9
+
0.96
at 3 months 9.7 + 0.4
age
Control
8.6 + 0.3
At 14 days
Before
Treated
injection Control
2 Weeks
6.5 + 0.3
7.1 + 0.3
7.96 + 0.4
*
After
Control
6.5 + 0.3
injection 4 Weeks
8.6 + 0.5
*
Control
6.3 + 0.5
at 3 months 9 + 0.4
age
Control
7.8 + 0.5
* = (P< 0.05)
11.6 + 0.5 43 + 1.2
30.8 + 0.9
10.5 + 0.4
30.3 + 0.6
10.3 + 0.3
10.6 + 0.3
11.7 + 0.4
*
10.3 + 0.2
12.9 + 0.5
**
10.2 + 0.4
11.3 + 0.4
40.4 + 0.7 15.6
+
1.03
39.06 + 39.06 + 13.7 + 0.4
1.1
1.3
37.7 + 0.8 38.8 + 0.6 12.5 + 0.4
37.6 + 0.8 38.5 + 0.2 11.9 + 0.3
39.2 + 0.4 40.1 + 0.8 13.1 + 0.3
*
37.2 + 0.8 37.3 + 0.7 12.2 + 0.4
38.8 + 0.9 39.3 + 0.8 13.6 + 0.6
*
*
35.6 + 0.7 36 + 0.9
12.1 + 0.4
39 + 0.7
39.3 + 0.8 14.6 + 0.7
10.6
+ 37.4
0.34
0.69
** = (P < 0.01)
+ 38.6
0.22
30.2 + 0.7
29.8 + 0.6
30.2 + 0.6
27.8 + 1.1
30.8
+
0.96
29.2 + 0.7
29.8 + 0.5
+ 13.8 + 0.4 29.5 + 0.7
At 30 days
At 21 days
Table 2. Erythrogram in newly born calves received iron dextran (500 mg/calf. I.M) at 21th
days, 40th day after birth and in weaned calves at 3 months age (n = 5).
RBCs
Hb
PCV %
MCV Pg MCH Fg
Parameters
106/µl
gm/dl
Subgroups
Before
Treated
6.5 + 0.3 10.3
+ 37.7
+ 38.2
+ 13.8
+
injection
0.2
0.8
1.04
0.4
Control
7.1 + 0.3 10.6
+ 37.6
+ 37.9
+ 12.6
+
0.3
0.8
1.3
0.7
2 weeks
8.96
+ 11.7
+ 39.2
+ 38.9
+ 14.4
+
0.4 *
0.4 *
0.4 *
0.6
0.5
After
Control
7.1 + 0.5 10.3
+ 36.9
+ 36 + 0.9 13 + 0.3
injection
0.4
0.7
4 weeks
8.6 + 0.5 12.3
+ 38.6
+ 39.2
+ 14 + 0.9
0.4 **
0.9 **
0.6 *
*
Control
7.03
+ 10.2
+ 37.4
+ 36.01 + 11.2
+
0.5
0.4
0.2
1.02
0.3
at 3 months age 8.01
+ 10.9
+ 38.2
+ 39.2
+ 14.4
+
0.5
0.34
0.9
0.6
0.6
Control
7.12 + 10.6
+ 37.6
+ 38.7
+ 13.1
+
0.3
0.33
0.8
1.04
0.3
Before
Treated
7 + 0.5
10.3
+ 38.4
+ 37.3
+ 14 + 0.4
injection
0.2
0.5
0.7
Control
6.4 + 0.4 10.6
+ 37.6
+ 36.9
+ 13.6
+
0.3
0.8
1.3
0.7
2 weeks
8.6 + 0.6 11.5
+ 39.3
+ 35.8
+ 14.8
+
0.4
0.7
1.2
1.1
Control
7.3 + 0.5 10.3
+ 38.4
+ 37.3
+ 12.9
+
After
0.4
0.9
0.6
0.6
days , 30th
MCHc
%
24.9
+
0.9
26.6
+
0.96
26.7
+
0.9
24.6
+
0.96
28 + 0.89
25 + 0.89
29.8
+
0.7
28.8
+
0.8
27.3
+
1.1
28.6
+
0.7
30.2
+
0.9
29 + 0.89
9.6 + 0.3 11.8
+
**
0.5
Control
7 + 0.5
10.1
+
0.5
at 3 months age 8.7 + 0.2 10.8
+
0.34
Control
7.9 + 0.5 10.3
+
0.4
Before
Treated
7.9 + 0.5 10.6
+
injection
0.5
Control
7.3 + 0.5 10.2
+
0.4
2 Weeks
8.6 + 0.3 11.6
+
0.5
Control
7.4 + 0.5 10.3
+
After
0.4
injection 4 Weeks
8.9 + 0.4 9.6 + 0.5
**
Control
6.6 + 0.5 10 + 0.4
At 40 days
injection 4 Weeks
* = (P< 0.05)
36.8
+
0.9
34.6
+
0.7
39.3
+
0.7
38.8
+
0.9
32.8
+
0.7
31.9
+
1.2
34 + 0.45
32.01
0.96
35.2
1.1
31.7
1.1
at 3 months age 8.61
+ 10.2
+ 38.8
0.4
0.4
0.7
Control
7.4 + 0.4 9.4 + 0.5 38.2
1.1
** = (P < 0.01)
+
+
+
+
+
38.3
+ 14.08
0.6
0.99
36 + 0.7 12.2
0.5
38.3
+ 12.9
0.6
0.64
37.1
+ 11.9
0.7
0.34
37.2
+ 13.6
1.2
1.1
36 + 0.9 11.1
0.3
37.6
+ 14.8
0.6
1.1
35 + 0.9 11.3
0.96
38 + 0.6 13.8
1.03
35.4
+ 11.03
0.9
0.3
38.4
+ 12.6
0.6
0.4
36 + 0.9 11.2
0.5
+ 30.8
+
0.99
+ 29.6
+
0.8
+ 29.4
+
0.7
+ 27.9
+
0.6
+ 31.4
+
0.9
+ 30.8
+
0.96
+ 30.4
+
0.6
+ 29.4
+
0.7
+ 29 + 0.5
+ 28 + 0.8
+ 28 + 0.8
+ 26.4
0.7
+
Table 3. Effect of injectable iron dextran (500 mg/calf. I.M) on levels of serum iron, TIBC and UIBC in
naturally suckling (at different ages) and 3 months aged weaned calves (n = 5).
Iron
µg/100 ml
2
week
s
4
week
s
After
weaning
at 3
months
210.
2
+
13.5
178.
+
10.4
209.
3*
+
11.8
165.
2
+
10.6
190
**
+
10.2
152
+ 2.6
210
**
+
12.7
151.9
+ 2.5
203.2
210.6
**
+
13.8
152.1
200.6
191.5
Total iron Binding capacity
µg/100 ml
Before
injecti
After injection
on
2
4
After
week week weani
s
s
ng at 3
month
s
338.4
329.8 299
320
**
+ 22
+ 22
+
+ 24.9
21.9
335
384
473.4 339.9
+ 21.6
+
+
+ 21.8
25.3
31.2
351.2
325.2 337.6 334
**
**
+ 13.2
+
+
+ 19.7
22.4
23.3
353
412.8 500.5 348
+ 2.6
+ 5.8
+ 12.6
190.2
**
+ 8.4
206
393.6
+ 7.2
+ 5.2
143
+ 6.7
181.6
+ 10.4
378
+ 31.5
Parameters
Subgroups
Before
injecti
on
Groups
195.5
At birth
Treated
Control
+ 14.1
200.2
+ 6.5
191.5
At 7 days
Treated
+ 5.9
185
Control
+ 12.6
177.6
At 14 days
Treated
Control
+ 10.4
172
+ 10.5
After injection
+ 6.5
195
+ 7.7
+ 13.8
+
12.7
334.6
**
+
19.7
480.3
+
33.2
Unsaturated iron binding
µg/100 ml
Before
injecti After injection
on
2
4
weeks week
s
capacity
182
189
***
+
14.9
397
+
18.7
179
***
+
12.9
380
165.2
+
12.6
183
***
+
14.8
481.4
+ 9.4
+ 9.7
+ 10.4
183.9
*
+ 13.9
179.8
+ 11.3
245
+ 13.3
191
188.6
196.1
**
+
12.01
273
+ 8.11
+ 30
+ 25.3
+ 9.8
+ 14.7
374
**
+ 31
373.7
196
+ 32.0
+ 7.7
172.8
***
+ 10.7
590.2
+
30.5
347.7
+ 17.4
201
+ 9.9
320.3
+ 21.3
After
weanin
g at 3
months
+ 9.91
172
+ 9.33
183
+ 14.8
190.9
173
+ 12.9
198.4
+ 15.2
158.2
At 21 days
Treated
Control
+ 2.4
148
+ 11.8
155
At 30 days
Treated
+ 11.8
145.8
Control
+ 8.1
135
At 40 days
Treated
Control
+ 6.7
130.6
+ 8.5
176.
4*
+
13.4
124
+
11.9
171.
6
+ 9.9
142.
8
+ 8.9
148.
1
+ 8.6
118
+
10.7
178 *
170
432.8
400.3
273
268 *
+ 29.5
+ 14.7
+ 12.9
434.3
+ 22.5
266
+ 13.5
333
+ 20.9
500
380
**
+
32.5
592.2
+
30.5
537.8
+
12.9
138.7
+ 7.5
+ 13.3
+ 12.7
152.1
+ 2.6
538
+ 34
156.6
170
470
+
12.01
586
462.6
420.8
379.9
+
11.3
119.4
+ 13.3
+ 34.2
+ 30
+ 34
+ 26.9
+ 26.2
+ 12.9
142.8
592
599
606.1
537
391
424.8
+
10.2
131.6
+ 12.9
+ 27.6
+ 27
+ 33.9
+ 19.3
+ 26.2
119.6
587
510
+
26.2
500.9
489
450
401.6
+ 6.2
+ 8.3
+ 29.9
+ 30
+ 12.3
118
+ 10.2
590
+ 28
+
30.03
586
+ 34.2
+ 18.2
108.6
+ 7.7
+
28.3
603
+
25.4
443
+ 20.3
469
+ 25
* = (P< 0.05)
TIBC= total iron binding capacity
390.8
**
23.4
600
+ 26
** = (P < 0.01)
*** = (P < 0.001)
UIBC= unsaturated iron binding capacity.
256.7
**
+
13.6
359
+
20.2
381.8
292.2
+
20.7
464
+ 13.9
+
27.7
433.3
+ 24.7
+
26.6
503.7
+
18.6
+ 21.8
+ 17.7
273
+ 14.7
301
341.8
330.8
359
+ 26.2
‫فعالية دكستران الحديد فى الوقاية من أنيميا النقص الغذائى فى العجول حديثة الوالدة‬
‫فؤاد حامد السنجرى ‪ ,‬ماجدة ممدوح محمد ‪ ,‬أمنية السيد فارس‬
‫معهد بحوث صحة الحيوان ‪ -‬الدقى ‪ -‬فرع الزقازيق‬
‫أجريت هذه لدر لرةذع ى ذد ىذرر ‪ 06‬ىجذ قرذرب قدىذرب لدرذ لرح قرى الذع لد ذرقيع قةذرت هذه لدوجذإ دذد‬
‫رجرإىتين رتة إيتين (ض قطع إرو دجع) قةرت ك رجرإىع رنه ىةب لدورر دذد ‪ 0‬رجرإىذ ت ارىيذع ىنذر ىرذر‬
‫‪ 16 - 06 - 11 - 11 - 7 - 1‬يإم ىجإ ترضع طقيويذ ارذط ‪ 6‬تذم ىرذن ىجذإ لدرجرإىذع لدرو دجذع إلدررةذرع‬
‫ىةب لدورر قور ر ركةترلن لدىرير قجرىع ‪ 066‬ر يجرلم دكذ ىجذ اذد لدوضذ ‪ 6‬إتذم جرذع ىينذ ت رم إرمذ رذن‬
‫ك ىيإلن ى د ىر قق لدىرن إقور قأةقإىين إأرقوع أة قيع إقور لدفط م ىنر ىرر ‪ 0‬أ هر‪.‬‬
‫أةذذفرت لدنتذ ن ىذذن إجذذإر لعتواذ ت رونإيذذع اذذد مذذإر لدذذرم اذذد ىجذذإ لدرجرإىذذع لدرو دجذذع ىذذن ر ي تهذ لدتذذد دذذم‬
‫توذ د ى ذذد لدذذرعم رذذن ىذذرم تةذذجي ىذ لت أنيريذ اذذد لد ذذهرين ل إديذذين رذذن لدورذذر‪ 6‬إك نذذت لدتريذرلت ىقذ ر ىذذن‬
‫ي ر اي ىرر كرلت لدرم لدىررلء إنةقع لدهيرإج إقين إقيرع ىجذم لدعويذ لدرضذرإطع إىجذم كذرلت لدذرم لدىرذرلء‪.‬‬
‫كر أإضىت لدررلةع أن ىرن ركةترلن لدىرير اد لدوجذإ ىتذد ىرذر ‪ 11‬يذإم ألهذر تىةذن اذد رةذتإب لدىريذر‬
‫اد رم لدرم إكهدك قرر للةتيو ب لدترلقطيع د ىرير لدك يع إقرر للةتيو ب لدترلقطيع د ىرير لدرير ر قوع‪ .‬هه‬
‫لدتريرلت لدرهكإر دم تكن رونإيع اد لدىيإلن ت لدرفطإرع لدرو دجع إلدرير رو دجع‪.‬‬