Concerted Action EPBD - Core Theme 5
‘Towards 2020 – Nearly zero-energy buildings’
Status of National Applications of the
Nearly
y Zero-Energy
gy Building
g Definition
Hans Erhorn, Heike Erhorn-Kluttig
Fraunhofer Institute for Building Physics, Germany
Leader of Core Theme 5 of the Concerted Action EPBD
3rd Energy Efficiency Coordination Meeting, Vienna, 28 November 2013
The Energy Performance of
Buildings Directive (EPBD) - Recast
Directive 2010/31/EU of 19 May 2010: 30 Articles
• Common framework for a methodology for
calculating the energy performance of buildings
• Minimum requirements to the energy
performance of new buildings
• Minimum requirements to the energy
performance
f
off existing
i ti buildings
b ildi
and
db
building
ildi
elements/technical building systems when
replaced/retrofitted
• Nearly zero-energy buildings for new public
buildings in 2019 and all new buildings in 2021
• National plans for increasing the number of
nearly-zero energy buildings
• Energy certification of buildings
• Regular inspection of heating and A/C systems
• Independent control systems for energy
performance certificates and inspection reports
Concerted Action EPBD III
Suppo t g transposition
Supporting
t a spos t o and
a d implementation
p e e tat o of
o the
t e recast
ecast EPBD
• From 2011 to 2015
•
Funded under the Intelligent Energy Europe Programme (IEE)
•
7 Core Themes
CT1: Certification
CT5: Nearly ZeroE
Energy
B ildi
Buildings
CT2: Inspections
CT6: Compliance
CT3: Training
CT7: Support
Initiatives
CT4: Procedures
and Cost-Optimal
Nearly
y zero-energy
gy buildings
g
EPBD recast, article 2: Definitions
2. ‘nearly zero-energy building’ means
a building that has a very high energy performance,
performance
as determined in accordance with Annex I.
The nearly zero or very low amount of energy required
should be covered to a very significant extent
by energy from renewable sources
sources,
including energy from renewable sources produced on-site or nearby;
Nearly
y zero-energy
gy buildings
g
EPBD recast,
recast article 9: Nearly zero
zero-energy
energy buildings
1. Member States shall ensure that:
a) by 31 December 2020, all new buildings are nearly zero-energy buildings; and
b) after 31 December 2018, new buildings occupied and owned by public
authorities are nearly zero
zero-energy
energy buildings.
buildings
Member States shall draw up national plans for increasing the number of nearly
zero energy buildings.
zero-energy
buildings These national plans may include targets differentiated
according to the category of building.
2. Member States shall furthermore, following the leading example of the public
sector, develop policies and take measures such as the setting of targets in order
g that are refurbished into nearly
y zeroto stimulate the transformation of buildings
energy buildings, and inform the Commission thereof in their national plans referred to
in paragraph 1.
Nearly
y zero-energy
gy buildings
g
EPBD recast,
recast article 9: Nearly zero
zero-energy
energy buildings
3. The national p
plans shall include,, inter alia,, the following
g elements:
a) the Member State’s detailed application in practice of the definition of nearly
zero-energy buildings, reflecting their national, regional or local conditions,
and including a numerical indicator of primary energy use expressed in
kWh/m² per year. Primary energy factors used for the determination of the primary
energy use may be based on national or regional yearly average values and may
take into account relevant European standards;
b) intermediate targets for improving the energy performance of new buildings, by
2015, with a view to preparing the implementation of paragraph 1;
c) information on the policies and financial or other measures adopted in the
context of paragraphs 1 and 2 for the promotion of nearly zero-energy
g including
g details of national requirements
q
and measures concerning
g the
buildings,
use of energy from renewable sources in new buildings and existing buildings
undergoing major renovation in the context of Article 13(4) of Directive 2009/28/EC
and Articles 6 and 7 of this Directive
Directive.
Nearly
y zero-energy
gy buildings
g
EPBD recast,
recast article 9: Nearly zero
zero-energy
energy buildings
4. The Commission shall evaluate the national p
plans referred to in p
paragraph
g p 1,,
notably the adequacy of the measures envisaged by the Member State in relation to the
objectives of this Directive. The Commission, taking due account of the principle of
subsidiarity may request further specific information regarding the requirements set out
subsidiarity,
in paragraphs 1, 2 and 3. In that case, the Member State concerned shall submit the
requested information or propose amendments within nine months following the request
from the Commission
Commission. Following its evaluation
evaluation, the Commission may issue a
recommendation.
5. The Commission shall by 31 December 2012 and every three years thereafter
publish a report on the progress of Member States in increasing the number of
gy buildings.
g On the basis of that report
p the Commission shall develop
p
nearlyy zero-energy
an action plan and, if necessary, propose measures to increase the number of those
buildings and encourage best practices as regards the cost-effective transformation of
existing buildings into nearly zero-energy
zero energy buildings
buildings.
Work of CT 5 NZEB
Technical sessions:
• Mapping national applications of the
NZEB definition (3 sessions) + market
place
l
with
ith poster
t exhibition
hibiti and
d Q&A
• How many requirements for NZEBs are
y
p
necessary/useful/possible?
• NZEB action plans (2 sessions)
• Integration of renewables
• Meeting point of cost-optimal and NZEB
(joint with CT4)
• Qualified experts for assessing NZEBs
(joint with CT3)
• Does a recast mean to retrain the experts
(j i t with
(joint
ith CT3/CT4)
• How to include NZEBs in energy
performance certificates (j
p
(joint with CT1))
Working group sessions:
• Integration of renewables
(3 sessions, joint with CEN)
Informal discussion groups:
• REHVA approach for NZEB
• Results of the EU study on
NZEBs
p
of study
y tours
• Preparation
Study tours NZEB:
• D: Public buildings as leading
examples towards NZEBs
• UK: Experiences with high
performance dwellings
• F: NZEBs in warm climate
countries
Results
•
Published in the CA EPBD
Book 2012
•
Results until March 2013
1. National application of the
NZEB definition
2. National plans to increase
the number of NZEBs
3 Convergence between
3.
NZEB and the costoptimal requirements
4. Practical experiences with
NZEBs
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
In March 2013: Status of 19 (out of 27) Member States
(MS)
•
•
•
6 MS had their national application of the Nearly ZeroEnergy
gy Building
g definition legally
g y fixed
6 MS had the application ready but not yet published
in a legal document
6
7
6
7 MS in various stages of of developing the
application (national studies: performed, evaluated or
y)
still on the way)
Defined in legal document
In October 2013: At least 10 MS with legally fixed
national NZEB definitions
Definition ready
ready, but not official
Not fixed
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Energy aspects included in the NZEB calculation for residential and non-residential
buildings (status March 2013
2013, maximum is 19 MS)
Total
Heating
19 MS/19 MS
(Domestic) hot water
19 MS/19 MS
Cooling
g
17 MS/18 MS
Ventilation
17 MS/19 MS
Lighting
Auxiliary energy
8 MS/19 MS
17 MS/18 MS
Household/office equipment 5 MS/ 7 MS
Lift and
Lifts
d external
t
l lilighting
hti
0 MS/ 1 MS
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Renewable energy generation included in the NZEB calculation
(status March 2013, maximum is 18 MS)
Total
ota
Solar thermal
18 MS
Photovoltaic
17 MS
Passive solar, daylighting, biomass
16 MS
Heat recovery, passive cooling
15 MS
G th
Geothermal
l
15 MS
Biogas
14 MS
Micro wind generators
generators, micro CHP
13 MS
Ambient air (heat pump), biofuel
13 MS
Waste heat (industry/server)
9 MS
Solar cooling
9 MS
Waste heat from hot water
6 MS
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
B l i Ti
Balancing Time Steps (max. = 18 MS)
St
(
18 MS)
12
N
Number o
of Counttries
10
8
Yearly
Monthly
6
Daily
4
Hourly
2
0
Demand
Generation
Some countries allow for more
than one approach,
approach partly
dependent on the type of building
(residential/non-residential).
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Accounting of Renewables (max. = 15 MS)
16
Numb
ber of Co
ountries
14
12
Self use
10
8
6
4
2
0
Extended (battery)
Feed in
Feed‐in
Multiple answers were possible
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Accounting of Renewables Accounting
of Renewables
(max. = 17 MS)
18
Numb
ber of Countries
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
Building level
Building level
Building • Main discussion p
point within the
complex level
countries
Neighbourhood • Tendency towards building complex
level
and building level
Infrastructural level
• Dependent on the type of
renewables energy generation and
source
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Used Indicator
Used Indicator
18
Nu
umber o
of Countrries
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
PE
CO2
Other
• Primary energy as indicator in all but 2
countries
• CO2 as indicator
i di t iin 4 countries,
ti
iin one
country with no PE indicactor
• Other indicators include:
• Mean U-value/design transmission
loss/ thermal transmittance
• Summer temperature limit/summer
Yes
comfort indicator
No
• Efficiency of building service system
• Energy needs for heating and
cooling
• Division into electrical heating and
other sources
• Different indicators for heating, HW,
ventilation, cooling, lighting
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Type of Requirements Type
of Requirements
(max. = 18 MS)
18
Nu
umber off Countriies
16
14
12
• 3 MS with a combination of two
approaches (for different building
types or for different indicators
(PE vs. summer performance)
10
8
6
4
2
0
Fixed value
Fixed + allowances
Mirror baseline building
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Numbe
er of Cou
untries
Share of Renewables (max. = 16 MS)
Share of Renewables (max. 16 MS)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
• 1 MS with a combination of two
approaches (for different building
types)
• Not all renewable energy systems can
be accounted as share of renewables
Fixed ratio
Fixed ratio
Minimum Minimum
absolute contribution
None
National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Tightening
g
g
• 9 countries have an estimation
• Average tightening of those is 39 %

National Application of the
NZEB Definition
Promotion Programmes Promotion
Programmes
(max. = 19 MS)
20
18
• 6 MS have financial and other
promotion programmes in place
Numb
ber of Co
ountries
16
14
12
10
8
6
4
2
0
• Others include:
• Guidance to the industry
Financial
• Pilot projects
Others
• Communication
None
National Plans to increase the
n mber of NZEB
number
Existing nonresid
dential
builldings
New
w public
builldings
Building
g type
yp
Topic
p
Existing
pu
ublic
builldings
Existing
resid
dential
builldings
New
w nonresid
dential
builldings
N
New
resid
dential
builldings
March 2013:
• 12 MS had provided the EC with their national plans for increasing the number
of NZEBs
Detailed
Juneapplication
2013: in practice of
the•NZEB
EUdefinition.
Commission report on the progress towards NZEB based on 8 MS plans
Intermediate target for improving
(available
2012)
the energy
efficiencyinofNovember
new
• inOnly
buildings
2015 5 MS with definition including a numerical target and a share of RES
2015.
Measures
(such as the setting
of
• Intermediate
targets
for 2015 available in 15 MS (also based on National
targets) in order
to stimulate
the Action Plans (NEEAPs)
Energy
Efficiency
transformation of buildings
g that
•
Variety
of
support
measures to promote NZEBs
are refurbished into NZEB.
• for„Too
little progress“
Policies
the promotion
of
NZEB. • Non obligatory template will be developed
Financial measures for the
promotion of NZEB.
October 2013:
Other measures for the promotion
• 14 MS have sent their national NZEB p
plans
of NZEB.
Convergence between NZEB
and Cost-Optimal
Cost Optimal Req
Requirements
irements
Beginning
g
g of 2019 (new
(
p
public buildings)/2021
g )
((all new buildings)
g ) will be the meeting
g
point of cost-optimal requirements and NZEB
-> NZEB shall have a cost-optimal combination of building envelope and building
service
i systems
t
Cost-optimal studies with a view for 2019/2021 have been made in 10 MS
MS. Time
depending factors are:
- Primary energy conversion factors
(district heating, electricity)
- Energy prices
-
I
Investment
t
t costs
t
-
Technology efficiency developments
and innovations
Topic
p will be revisited!
Practical Experience
p
with NZEBs
1 Public buildings as
1.
leading examples
2. Practical
experience
p
with
high performance
residential
buildings
3. NZEB in warm
climate countries
Practical Experience
p
with NZEBs
1 Public buildings as
1.
leading examples
2. Practical
experience
p
with
high performance
residential
buildings
3. NZEB in warm
climate countries
Practical Experience
p
with NZEBs
1 Public buildings as
1.
leading examples
2. Practical
experience
p
with
high performance
residential
buildings
3. NZEB in warm
climate countries
Country delegates reported: „Often a significant
predicted and measured
difference between p
energy performance.“
In countries with good practical experience (e.g.
Austria Germany) these houses have a dominant
Austria,
share in the market for new buildings.
Practical Experience
p
with NZEBs
1 Public buildings as
1.
leading examples
2. Practical
experience
p
with
high performance
residential
buildings
3. NZEB in warm
climate countries
Countries delegates reported: „Often a significant
difference between predicted and measured
energy performance
performance.““
In countries with good practical experience (e.g.
Austria, Germany) these houses have a dominant
share in the market for new buildings.
g
In countries with a warm climate, a combination of Nearly
Zero-Energy Building requirements for the energy
performance and comfort criteria might be advisable.
The essential issue is to create indoor conditions that allow
occupants to feel comfortable without air-conditioning during
the warm periods.
Next Steps
p
•
•
•
•
Type of NZEB requirements
NZEB in energy performance certificates
Retraining of energy performance certificate issuers because of NZEB
Integration of renewables into NZEBs
•
•
•
NZEBs in existing buildings
C ll ti off NZEB b
Collection
bestt practice
ti examples
l iin MS
Focus on Southern European countries/overheating and cooling
THANK YOU
www.epbd-ca.eu
bd