SAN JACINTO CAMPUS
master desIgn guIdeLInes
FacILItIes master pLan
I
SEPTEMBER 2011
taBLe oF contents
introduction
5
generaL considerations
purpose of this document
district goaLs
campus goaLs
open space design
11
introduction
gateWays / entries
pedestrian circuLation
centraL open space
architecture
secondary open space
sociaL spaces
hardscape
WaLLs
accessory eLements
site furnishings
pLanting
57
introduction
materiaLs paLette - standards
architecturaL QuaLities
interior design
71
introduction
space pLanning
QuaLity of space
QuaLity of materiaLs
manufacture of materiaLs
Land engineering
89
grading, drainage, earthWorK
erision and sediment controL
stormWater QuaLity
mechanicaL engineering
Water QuaLity management pLan
Wet utiLities
Water conserVation
105
hVac systems
pLumBing systems
fire protection systems
eLectricaL engineering
121
introduction
codes and standards
primary serVice and distriBution
LoW VoLtage / secondary distriBution
energy resources
Lighting
standBy poWer systems
detection and aLarm
communication systems
137
on-site energy
incentiVes and reBates
signage
159
introduction
campus signs
BuiLding signs
KiosKs
type face
Introduction
generaL considerations
The main objective of the Design Guidelines is to
describe the design criteria that each Campus
should use to evaluate construction and renovation
projects. These criteria have been established to
provide each Campus with a distinct character while
maintaining a cohesive approach at a District level.
The District-Wide Facilities Master Plan consists
of smaller subsets of information, broken down by
Campus. Each Campus has a uniquely prepared
Campus Facilities Master Plan which is integrated
to its respective design guidelines.
facilities master plan vs.
design guidelines
The Master Plan creates the framework for Campus
development. It covers the “who,” “what,” “where,”
“when,” and “why.”
In the case of this document, “site” refers to a building
pad, where a building would be located. “campus”
is defined as the area within the boundaries the
indicated development would occur.
• Who - the different departments on each
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Campus.
What - physical changes to the Campus
When - the projected timeline and phasing of
development
Why - narrative explains the need for such a
document
design guidelines:
• provide suggestions as to “how” the Facilities
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San Jacinto Campus, 2011
Master Plan vision for a defined Campus identity
will be accomplished.
are a comprehensive set of guidelines providing
strategies as to how to approach the design.
ensure future projects fit contextually within the
Campus.
supplement the ideas presented in the San
Jacinto Campus Facilities Master Plan, and
inform the physical changes to the Campus.
They are non-prescriptive, yet establish the basic
premises and clear principles within which creative
design decisions should be made.
introduction
7
introduction
8
purpose of this document
The San Jacinto Campus Design Guidelines are
consistent with the Educational Master Plan and
District-Wide Facilities Master Plan. They provide
guidelines for projected Campus growth to ensure
the Campus has a cohesive character and defined
sense of place. The guidelines present general
concepts that inform any physical change to the
Campus, and are designed to be flexible enough
to avoid compromising a proposed project’s design
potential.
Sustainability is addressed in all aspects of the
Campus design, therefore sustainable design
principles are integrated into the document’s “DNA.”
This document is Campus specific, yet consistent
with District-wide goals. It helps set priorities for
design development, and illustrates a basic level
of design considerations. This document is created
by a group of multidisciplinary experts, to ensure a
holistic approach to defining the Design Guidelines.
“Live” Document / Long-term Vision
Process
The following sections create a comprehensive set
of guidelines and are based on current knowledge
and analysis. They are non-prescriptive and not
meant to control or limit how design is expressed on
Campus; yet, they are expected to be followed as a
“roadmap” to establish a consistency of character
for the life of the Campus.
The primary users of these guidelines are expected
to be the people shaping the Campus in the future
(architect, designer, landscape architect, planner,
etc.) Significant departure from the guidelines
should trigger an executive leadership review.
Even though this is considered a “live” document
with a certain degree of adaptability and flexibility,
it is important that the essence and intent are
preserved through the life of the Campus to achieve
its vision.
district goaLs
The District must expand its facilities infrastructure
to keep up with the increasing demand for higher
education in the inland area. The District must
establish and maintain an overall set of design
guidelines to ensure that additions to each Campus
contributes to a consistent Campus identity and
unified Campus environment.
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91
10
• delineate five service areas with divergent
identities and needs.
• establish construction projects needed to
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accommodate for projected student enrollment
and growth
establish the size for utilities and services
needed to support each Campus
establish a sustainable approach to the
planning of facilities
establish safe, accessible, and stimulating
learning environments
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15
San Jacinto Campus
Menifee Valley Campus
San Gorgonio Pass Campus
79
n
Temecula Campus
introduction
9
introduction
10
campus goaLs
challenges
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lack of a cohesive Campus
lack of formal entry
inadequate existing infrastructure
outdated Campus facilities
undesirable uses are not screened - auto yard
& trash collection areas
goals
• establish individual Campus identity
• respond to the geographical area
• provide a safe environment for students, staff
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and visitors
establish education focused design decisions
address sustainability comprehensively
maximize use of natural resources
minimize energy requirements and employ
renewable and alternative energy solutions
take advantage of energy incentive
opportunities
provide designs financially appropriate for the
Campus
follow project budget but entertain variances
when a beneficial outcome will result
minimize maintenance and operations costs
San Jacinto Campus, 2011
open space design
introduction
Gateways / Entries
Pedestrian Circulation Cores
While every college campus has unique qualities,
this section covers five common categories of
outdoor space types •
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Gateway/Entries,
Pedestrian Circulation Cores,
Central Spaces/Quads,
Secondary Spaces/Plaza, and
Social Spaces.
The application of the listed spaces will enhance the
character and utility of open areas on Campus.
In addition to the five outdoor space types, the
section includes supplemental guidelines for site
amenities to include and incorporate into all outdoor
spaces:
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Hardscape
Paving
Walls
Accessory Elements
Site Furnishings
Planting
Central Spaces / Quads
Secondary Spaces / Plazas
General Considerations:
• describe the goals and visions of the District
and Campus as well as the general principles
of open space design
• provide spaces to accommodate all functional
needs of the Campus community, and where
viable, the local community
• aim to create spaces that are flexible and
service multiple programs and user groups
• incorporate site furnishings that enhance the
comfort and utility of the space
• provide plant material that is site appropriate
and meets environmental considerations
• address local weather conditions to ensure the
usability of outdoor spaces
Small Social Spaces
Inform Decisions with Knowledge &
Understanding:
• physical conditions: local climate, geology,
topography, hydrology, noise, view
• social conditions: history, context, function,
patterns
• Campus conditions: programming, security,
maintenance
Establish the Identities of Place
• provide for individual identity of each space
• enhance placemaking
• balance the use of differing design elements
across Campus to provide enough variety
to maintain individual identity, interest, and
functionality
• respect the existing attributes of the site
• respond to the context created by existing
features and facilities
open space design
13
open space design
14
gateWays / entries
campus gateways and edges
general considerations:
• construct a memorable Campus image along
edges that is consistent with the signature
design statement of the Campus
• design with concern for both the quality of the
Campus and the community
• tie Campus edges into existing streetscapes by
repeating common features
• provide a distinguishing treatment at gateways
Layout:
• take cues from the speed and distance of
motorists along vehicular edges
• design to the human scale along pedestrian
edges
• balance the treatment between the vehicular
and pedestrian scale along shared edges
• provide points of reference
• ensure easy navigation by establishing spacing
that intuitively lets the user anticipate the
location of the next wayfinding device
• highlight desirable views and draw attention to
landmark buildings and open spaces
• screen undesirable views such as parking lots
• establish strong focal points that signify arrival,
introduce Campus character, and welcome
students, staff, and visitors
• keep the arrangement and alignment of
elements and materials simple
materials:
• use materials that respond to adjacent facilities
• use a variety of materials but limit the number
to provide impact and minimal visual clutter
• consider the use of earthen berms, retaining
walls, plant material, boulders, and other
elements that can be integrated with signs
• signify entrance into Campus region using
vertical elements, architectural details, and
artistic statements
Note: features should be consistent with Campus
character, appropriately scaled, well designed, and
constructed of high-quality materials
Santiago Canyon College
function:
• invite and welcome students, staff, and visitors
• create a sense of arrival into Campus
• articulate and define Campus boundaries
• signify entrance into the Campus area for
pedestrians, motorists, and/or both
circulation:
• maintain clear site lines for motorists - be
concerned with signage height and setbacks
from road intersections
• place signage in view corridors that provide
visibility for adequate time to speed ratios for
motorists to make clear directional choices
Furnishings:
• supply seating, trash, recycling, and ash
receptacles along pedestrian edges
Note: Location of ash receptacles should be a
minimum of 25’ from building entrances, fresh air
intakes, or operable windows
• provide appropriate lighting for safety and
security of both pedestrians and motorists
• provide lighting that emphasizes importance of
edges and gateways and highlights signage,
monuments and other significant features
Planting:
• design significant and monumental plantings
along Campus edges and at gateways
• compliment Campus identification and signage,
monuments, and gateways by increasing the
density and scale of planting around them
• provide variety in color, texture, and scale of
plant material
• use three levels of scale such as a combination
trees, shrubs, and groundcover, grasses, or turf
• seed areas that have slopes steeper than 3:1
with native grasses or stabilize with shrubs or
groundcover
open space design
15
open space design
16
Gateways / entries
Campus Entries
General Considerations:
• give entrances a hierarchical nature clearing
defining primary, secondary and service entries
• provide a distinguishing treatment at all entry
points and establish focal points
Function:
• signify formal entry point onto Campus for
pedestrians, vehicles, and/or both
• articulate and define Campus ingress/egress
points
• enhance the sense of arrival onto Campus
Layout:
• arrange and align elements and materials
simply
• scale design features appropriately along
vehicular edges, and take cues from the speed
and distance of motorists
• along pedestrian edges design with respect to
the human scale
• create a balance between the vehicular and
pedestrian scale along shared edges by
providing horizontal separations
Circulation:
• allow for ease of ingress/egress for both
pedestrians and motorists
• design to properly accommodate the amount of
traffic utilizing each point
• provide traffic signals and maintain clear
sightlines for motorists to spot pedestrians
Materials:
• use materials that respond to adjacent facilities
• use a mix of materials but limit the variety to
increase impact and minimize visual confusion
• signify using features such as vertical
elements, architectural details, and artistic
statements
Note: features should be consistent with Campus
character, appropriately scaled, well designed, and
constructed of high-quality materials
Furniture:
• provide pedestrian amenities at points where
students, staff, and visitors enter on foot
• provide identification and signage
• provide lighting that signifies entry portal
Planting:
• design significant and monumental plantings
• add variety in color, texture, and scale of plant
material
• increase planting density around signage and
other elements
• use three levels of scale by using singularly or
in combination trees, shrubs, and groundcover/
grasses/turf
Pedestrian Circulation
Quads and Plazas
General Considerations
• ensure these spaces reflect the goals and
objectives of the Campus and overall Campus
character and identity
• incorporate iconic elements
• simplify the design choices, materials, and
plant palettes
• create a theme that is unique yet reflective
of adjacent building and consistent with the
overall character of the Campus
• provide food services in or near area if possible
• articulate the space in conjunction with
adjacent buildings, hardscape, and landscape
Function:
• accommodate pedestrian traffic moving to and
from surrounding buildings
• serve as a pedestrian walkway while
accommodating bicycles and occasional
vehicular traffic
• function as a central gathering space
• provide a place for both small and large group
interactions
• host special events
• serve memorial, ceremonial, and/or interpretive
purposes
• allow for necessary (emergency, maintenance
and operations) vehicular access
• enhance spatial organization and/or facilitate
wayfinding
Layout:
• form by the massing of buildings, movement
thoroughfares, and/or trees/shrubs
• establish “build-to” lines along perimeter
• size to fit the desired function(s)
• arrange more formally than other open space
types
• shape in a linear fashion so that major
corridors of movement and buildings (typically
with consistent setbacks) can be orthogonally
aligned along its perimeter
• ensure vistas from the promenade terminate
into significant buildings or noteworthy views of
the surrounding landscape (frame such views
beyond Campus with buildings)
Circulation:
• locate between buildings that receive large
amounts of pedestrian traffic
• locate along major pedestrian corridors and
integrate with established circulation patterns
• create convenient pedestrian connections and
give views to surrounding facilities
• place paths to reflect desired routes of travel
• accommodate vehicles but minimize vehicular
access using controls such as removable
bollards
Thermal Comfort:
• shield sun through the use of building
shadows, arcades, shade structures, and/or
shade trees
open space design
17
open space design
Materials:
• use simple, elegant, timeless materials that
respond to adjacent facilities
• pave all pedestrian paths with hard pavement
• pave 75% of the entire area of plazas
with either hard paving, soft paving, or a
combination of both
• infill between pedestrian paths with turf in mall
areas
• incorporate enhanced paving while providing
interest at the pedestrian scale
Furniture:
• locate furniture to reinforce the geometry of the
quad
• provide benches at area perimeter and orient
them to face into the quad
• provide additional seating in the interior but
place outside primary lines of movement
• provide pedestrian amenities such as waste
and recycling receptacles and drinking
fountains
• situate bike parking along the building
perimeter to accommodate one bike per every
100 square feet
• integrate wayfinding elements such as
directional signage, maps, and kiosks at the
quad corners and other decision points in the
space
• incorporate public art where appropriate
(consider locating at the termination point of
vistas in promenade areas)
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Planting:
• keep landscape treatment simple and
understory vegetation density to a minimum
• use formal planting to reinforce geometry,
points of connection, and building entrances
• line quad perimeter with regularly spaced large
canopy trees of a single species on edges
• limit vegetation to trees placed along the
perimeter in wells and container plantings
where possible
central open space
Greens
In this document, “greens” are meant to indicate
large central open spaces with mostly uninterrupted
turf cover.
General Considerations:
• create a theme that is unique yet reflective of
adjacent land uses and consistent with the
overall character of the Campus
• articulate the space using buildings, open
space, land forms, hardscape, and/or
landscape
• consider providing seating opportunities with
earthen berms or shallow terraces
Function:
• accommodate a range of activities from
individual study to group recreation to large
gatherings
• host special events
• serve memorial, ceremonial, and/or interpretive
purposes
• allow for occasional (emergency, maintenance
and operations) vehicular access
• help cool Campus microclimate
Layout:
• form by surrounding turf area with paving,
hardscape, landscape, buildings, and/or a
combination of such elements
• size to fit the desired function(s)
• arrange more formally or informally to either
create a mall-like space or a park-like space
Circulation:
• minimize the interruption of turf by paths
• intersect the green with only necessary primary
paths as secondary lines of movement will be
across the green itself
• integrate green and paths across green with
established circulation patterns
• place major paths parallel to the green along
its perimeter
• control boundary permeability where controlled
access is desired and in areas where turf
health is threatened
• consider post-and-cable bollards as an option
for pedestrian access control
• accommodate vehicles but minimize vehicular
access using controls such as removable
bollards and/or
• use turf block to reinforce lawn areas used by
vehicles and/or reduce the perceived width of
drive aisle
Thermal Comfort:
• provide shade with canopy trees placed in
strategic locations either formally around the
green perimeter and/or informally in the interior
of the green
open space design
19
open space design
Materials:
• use simple, elegant, timeless materials that
respond to adjacent facilities
• use hard paving for primary paths adjacent to
and within turf areas
• use mow strips along between turf areas and
planting areas and at landscape features such
as fences, retaining walls, building edges
Furniture:
• keep seating to a minimum as turf is to serve
as primary seating
• provide pedestrian amenities such as waste
and recycling receptacles and drinking
fountains at green perimeter
• incorporate public art where appropriate
Planting:
• use formal landscape treatment to reinforce
geometry, points of connection, and building
• use turf that is rated for heavy traffic, adapted
to desert conditions, and non-allergenic such
as Bermuda grass varieties
• keep landscape treatment simple and
understory vegetation density to a minimum
• limit other types of vegetation use large drifts of
tree massing where appropriate
Hector Godinez High School
20
Central open space
Courtyards
Layout:
• use massing of building(s), land forms,
hardscape, and/or landscape features to create
boundaries and enclosures
• size to fit the desired function(s)
• arrange more formally than other open space
types
• proportion to relate to the adjacent buildings
The design of courtyards and lawns should remain
consistent between instances of these space so the
Campus is unified.
General Considerations:
• create a theme that is unique to adjacent
facilities
• extend courtyard features and elements to the
building
• provide food services in or near courtyard
where appropriate
• articulate the space using both hardscape and
landscape
Function:
• serve the users of adjacent buildings as well as
passers by
• create a place for activities such as study and
dining
• function as a central gathering space
accommodating activities such as instruction,
and meetings
• host intimate events
• serve memorial, ceremonial, and/or interpretive
purposes
• enhance spatial organization and/or facilitate
wayfinding
Circulation:
• provide primary paths of circulation both
around and across the space
• delineate secondary circulation paths in larger
courtyards
• allow secondary circulation paths to occur in
smaller spaces
Chabot Community College, Instructional Office Building
Thermal Comfort:
• respond to the micro climate created by
adjacent facilities
• manipulate exposure by adjusting daylighting
and seasonal shading and considering the
shadow patterns produced by adjacent facilities
• introduce shading devices as appropriate
Materials:
• use simple, elegant, timeless materials that
respond to adjacent facilities
• pave the courtyard with hard paving
• incorporate enhanced paving while providing
interest and pedestrian scale
• provide a balance of softscape and hardscape
in courtyards as use allows for
open space design
21
open space design
Furniture:
• locate furniture to reinforce the geometry of the
courtyard
• provide seating at the perimeter and orient
to face into the courtyard (seatwalls are
appropriate for this use)
• provide movable seating in the courtyard
interior to accommodate various uses
• provide pedestrian amenities such as waste
and recycling receptacles and drinking
fountains
• incorporate public art where appropriate
Planting:
• incorporate varying degrees of vegetation
density to achieve desired feel and climate
• keep landscape treatment simple and relative
to the design of adjacent buildings
• use formal planting to reinforce geometry,
points of connection, and building entrances
• line the perimeter with plantings along edges
not clearly defined by other building or
landscape elements to create enclosure
22
Secondary open space
Lawns
• use mow strips along between lawn areas and
General Considerations:
• create a design that is reflective of the theme
of adjacent land uses and consistent with the
overall character of the Campus
• articulate the space using buildings in
conjunction with hardscape and landscape
Function:
• function as a central gathering space
• provide a place small and large group
interactions
• host special events (commencement)
• serve memorial, ceremonial, and/or interpretive
purposes
• enhance spatial organization and/or facilitate
wayfinding
Layout:
• form by surrounding turf area with paving,
hardscape, landscape, buildings, and/or a
combination of such elements
• size to fit the desired function(s)
Circulation:
• integrate lawn and paths across lawn with
established circulation patterns
• place major paths parallel to the lawn along its
perimeter
• lay secondary pedestrian paths across lawn
only if outstanding need is determined
• control boundary permeability where controlled
access is desired and in areas where turf
health is threatened
planting areas and at landscape features such
as fences, retaining walls, and building edges
College of San Mateo, Integrated Sciences
• accommodate vehicles but minimize vehicular
access
• use controls such as bollards, hedges, planting
•
to control access
reinforce lawn areas used by vehicles with turf
block
Thermal Comfort:
• lawns should be designed to take advantage of
open space with views and solar exposure
• provide secondary zone at edges (or other
locations) of lawns where shading can be
provided
Furniture:
• provide movable furniture to allow flexibility if
possible
• provide seating at the perimeter and orient
to face into the lawn area (seatwalls are
appropriate for this use)
• provide pedestrian amenities such as waste
and recycling receptacles and drinking
fountains
• incorporate public art where appropriate
Planting:
• use landscape to reinforce geometry, points of
connection, and building entrances
• use turf that is rated for heavy traffic, adapted
to site conditions, and non-allergenic
• keep landscape treatment simple
• limit other types of vegetation
• keep trees in wells and/or planting areas or
containers
Materials:
• turf and planting
• use paving for primary paths adjacent to and
within lawn areas
• use soft paving bordered by mow strips for
secondary paths through lawn areas
open space design
23
open space design
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Secondary open Space
Building Entries / Plazas
General Considerations:
• reflect not only the exterior features of the
building but the interior forms and materials
as well - create connectivity in the spatial
experience
Function:
• welcome students, staff, and visitors and help
introduce the building’s identity and character
• function as a directional point
• transition between outdoor space and indoor
space/the Campus as a whole to a department
or other specific area
• serve as an informal social space and/or
meeting space – a place to congregate before
entering building, wait for class, study before a
test, and/or have a quick snack
Layout:
• size the space to accommodate groups of 10 to
20 people
• consider extending the “front porch” a minimum
of 15’ and a maximum of 50’ in any horizontal
direction from the building entrance
Circulation:
• minimize congestion
• provide space to stand clear of the path of
travel
• create universal accessibility
American Career College
Thermal Comfort:
• take advantage of the building for shading/
screening
• use architectural overhangs to shield the sun
and rain
• create natural breezeways
• use plant material for thermal comfort
Materials
• pave all entries, including secondary
entrances, with hard paving
• landscaping around building entries should
mitigate glare and reduce heat of microclimate
Furniture:
• provide seating opportunities with furniture
and/or seatwalls - avoid long benches which
are intimidating for single users and inhibit
conversation by more than two people
• provide triangulated seating to facilitate small
group interactions
• provide ample waste receptacles
• provide identification and signage
• light the area well at night to offer increased
safety and security
social spaces
General Considerations:
• provide informal outdoor spaces along
pedestrian corridors for small social gatherings
Function:
• an alternative to the larger gathering spaces
• serve as an informal social space and/or
meeting space – a place to congregate before
entering building, wait for class, study before a
test, and/or have a quick snack
Thermal Comfort:
• take advantage of the building for shading/
screening
• use architectural overhangs to shield the sun
and rain
• use plant material for thermal comfort
Materials
• landscaping around social spaces should
mitigate glare and reduce heat of microclimate
Furniture:
• provide seating opportunities with furniture
and/or seatwalls - avoid long benches which
are intimidating for single users and inhibit
conversation by more than two people
• provide triangulated seating to facilitate small
group interactions
• provide waste receptacles
• light the area well at night to offer increased
safety and security
Layout:
• size the space to accommodate groups of 3 to
5 people
• provide enough space to have 1 to 2 benches
Circulation:
• provide space to stand clear of the path of
travel
• create universal accessibility
Toyota Headquarters South Campus
open space design
25
open space design
26
hardscape
Hardscape consists of the foundation element
which all other elements rest upon and respond to.
Because of their cursory role in the construction
of open space as a place, special care should be
given when making design decisions with respect
to hardscape.
General Considerations:
• choose materials with regard to both form and
function
• select materials appropriate for the intended
use of the area
• select materials that are compatible with the
materials and styles of adjacent buildings
• select materials that are low maintenance
Toyota Headquarters South Campus
hardscape
Paving
Function:
• define specific areas within the space
• distinguish building entrances and other
prominent Campus spaces
• highlight circulation paths and create a
hierarchy of spaces
• facilitate wayfinding
• enhance sense of quality environment
• create a consistent coherent network of paths
and spaces
Placement:
• keep material, colors, finishes, scoring, and
connections consistent and uniform
• use tight joints to avoid wheelchair jarring,
shoe heels getting caught, and the growth of
unwanted plant material
• comply with all local, State, and Federal
standards
• paving should accommodate all Americans
with Disabilities Act (ADA) accessibility
requirements
Materials:
• select to promote sustainability
• use low maintenance materials that are durable
• use materials that compliment adjacent
facilities as well as the entire Campus
• provide a simple palette that minimizes the
number of differing materials while maintaining
visual interest, function, and variety
• poured in place concrete should be the most
common paving choice
• incorporate enhanced paving where
appropriate using patterns, banding, integral
color, scoring, and specialty finishes
• avoid the use of applied materials
• consider the use of modular paving
• consider paving secondary and non-accessible
paths with decomposed granite/gravel to
provide water infiltration
• incorporate pervious pavement where
appropriate
open space design
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open space design
hardscape
Vehicular Paving
Function:
• accommodate vehicular use by students, staff,
and visitors such as driving and parking
• accommodate delivery, service, and
maintenance vehicles
• accommodate fire and emergency vehicle
• facilitate wayfinding for above mentioned
vehicles
Placement:
• minimize visual impact of fire lanes and service
and maintenance access by mixing concrete
paving with grasscrete or turfblock, verify use
with local fire authorities per project
Materials:
• select materials that can withstand vehicular
use
• use materials with high Solar Reflectance
Index (SRI) values when possible
• shade vehicular paving that have low SRI
values when possible
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hardscape
Pedestrian Paving
Areas Other Than Paths
• use paving for primary areas where appropriate
• use decomposed granite for secondary areas
when appropriate
• pave the area immediately outside buildings
with materials that respond to the architectural
design and style
Paths
• use paving for primary paths where appropriate
with materials such as concrete, stone, etc.
• use decomposed granite for secondary paths
when appropriate
Ramps
• design ramps to be consistent with the
circulation paths with which they are a part of
• meet all ADA codes
Stairs
• design stairs to be consistent with the
circulation paths with which they are a part of
• meet all ADA codes
open space design
29
open space design
Walls
Walls
General Considerations:
• integrate walls with adjacent buildings and use
them as extensions of interior spaces
• construct walls that serve a singular or
combination of purposes: boundary and
separation, retaining, and/or seating
• enhance walls with a decorative treatment in
visible areas of Campus such as along heavily
traveled vehicular or pedestrian corridors or in
large gathering spaces
Materials:
• select wall materials that compliment
neighboring buildings especially where the wall
connects to the building
• use a different but complimentary material for
caps of walls with such features
Boundary and Separation Walls
Function:
• delineate area boundaries separate space
types and areas of differing use within spaces
• create privacy
• use for noise abatement
• serve dual function as a retaining wall and/or
seat wall
Location/Placement:
• use along noisy areas such as heavily traveled
streets where planting alone cannot sufficiently
reduce unwanted sound
Retaining Walls
Function:
• prevent the movement of earth and/or water
• provide stability for steep slopes
• serve dual function as a boundary/separation
wall and/or seat wall
Location/Placement:
• use in hillside conditions which lend itself to the
necessary use of retaining walls
• use retaining walls along pedestrian paths and
in pedestrian areas to also serve as seat walls
• consider the dual use of retaining walls as
planters and bases for signage
• do not use railroad ties or landscape timbers
for retaining walls
Seat Walls
Function:
• provide seating
• serve dual function as a boundary/separation
and/or retaining wall
Location/Placement:
• create seat walls of appropriate height (16”-20”
when possible)
• provide/use skateboard deterrents
• include reveals along the length of the wall to
allow for expansion
30
accessory elements
Root Barriers
Tree roots can damage adjacent hardscape,
landscape, and utilities. They can lift paving causing
safety hazards and expensive maintenance repairs.
In landscape areas, tree roots can steal water and
nutrients from other plants threatening their health
and increasing resource demands. Tree roots can
also damage nearby utilities which are expensive to
repair. Installing barriers to redirect tree root growth
downward eliminates such problems and should
always be done.
Geotextiles
Geotextiles or landscape fabrics control weeds
in planting areas which steal sunlight, water, and
nutrients from other plants and reduce the aesthetic
value of the Campus. Geotextiles should be used
under rock mulch to prevent weed growth.
In addition to mitigating weed growth, geotextiles
can be used in planting areas to prevent soil
movement. In such areas geotextiles facilitate air
and water movement into the soil and help maintain
even soil temperatures which means less stress for
the plants.
Edging
Edging should be installed between edges of
groundcover other than turf and rock mulches
at planter edges. Edging reduces the unwanted
migration of soil and mulch materials as well as
reduces the need for manual, mechanical, and
chemical control to keep plant material in its
intended location.
Edging should be made from durable long lasting
materials that weathers well. For example, because
it becomes brittle over time and breaks, vinyl and
plastic edging should not be used at the San Jacinto
Campus. Likewise, wood edging should also be
avoided in low maintenance landscapes because
it decomposes rapidly, fades, splinters, rots and
attracts insects.
Mowstrips
Mowing strips are flat, level, concrete surfaces
installed between a turf area and another landscape
feature such as a planting bed or trimming via vertical
element. They allow mowers to trim up to landscape
features eliminating the need for resource intensive
“weedeaters”.
Mowing strips can also can also serve as materials
barriers reducing migration and the unwanted
spread of grasses and other landscape plants.
Concrete mow strips at least 6” in width should be
provided along all turf areas.
Edging Materials:
• concrete
• stone
• steel/aluminum
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31
open space design
accessory elements
Mulch
Planting areas should always be mulched. While
organic mulches like wood mulch, pine needles,
straw mulch, and composted leaves are a common
choice, other sustainable materials should also be
considered. Organic mulches are lightweight and
can be blown away in wind conditions like those
at the San Jacinto Campus and they decompose
rapidly making frequent replacement required. They
promote weed growth and insect infestation, steal
water and other nutrients from the soil, and are
flammable. Additionally, some organic mulches are
artificially colored and chemically treated, posing
ecological threats.
Sustainable or inorganic mulches, on the other
hand, are low maintenance. They rarely need to
be replaced, minimize and often eliminate weed
growth and insect habitation, do not steal water
and other nutrients from the soil, and they keep soil
temperature high promoting helpful bacteria activity,
but do not mold. In addition, they are not flammable.
Also, sustainable mulches are also commonly
produced from recycled materials and the waste
of harvesting and manufacturing processes. For
example, rock mulch is often the small pieces
of debris created from construction and mining
operations. Additionally, glass mulch is made from
recycled glass bottles, porcelain mulch is made from
recycled toilets, tubs, and sinks, and rubber mulch is
made from recycled tires.
Suggested In-Organic Mulch Types & Their
Origins:
•
•
•
•
•
rock mulch
- construction sites and mining operations
glass mulch - recycled glass bottles
porcelain mulch
- recycled toilets, tubs, and sinks
rubber mulch
- recycled tires
shell mulch
- shells from seafood waste
32
Site Furnishings
Introduction
Site furnishings serve a variety of purposes to
support and improve pedestrian comfort. They
improve the look, feel, and quality of a Campus and
help establish a sense of place.
•
Site furnishings can also be used as expressive
elements to produce a more unified visual language
across the Campus. They can be used to underscore
coherence and enhance the consistency of Campus
design.
Quantity:
• adequately accommodate the predicted usage
requirement for each area
• reevaluate periodically the quantities of each
element and make appropriate adjustments
• replace existing furnishings that are vandalized,
or deteriorated as needed
Products/Materials:
• use Campus standard furniture
• variation from Campus standard is to be
approved on a case-by-case basis
• give aesthetic and functional consideration as
listed below
Additionally, site furnishings can add to the legibility
of the Campus. They can help facilitate wayfinding
serving to direct both pedestrians and vehicles.
For site furnishings to properly serve all functions,
a variety of elements should be incorporated into
the Campus fabric. Such elements are listed below
and guidelines for each element are provided in the
following pages.
Although specific guidelines for each element are
provided, there are general considerations that
should be made when selecting and placing site
furnishings. Such general guidelines are provided
below.
Types of Site Furnishings:
• Seating
• Benches
• Tables and Chairs/Picnic Tables
• Receptacles
• Bicycle Parking/Storage
• Bollards
• Emergency Phones
• Kiosks
• Shade Structures
• Planters
• Flagpoles
• Outdoor Art
Placement:
• locate elements where they are convenient and
nonobtrusive
• place elements such as trash containers at
entries to facilities, particularly buildings of a
sensitive or prestigious nature they should be
sensitively placed
• arrange elements to allow access of
emergency, service, and maintenance workers/
vehicles
Select For:
• consistency and coordination of style and color
• functionality
• strength
• durability
• corrosion resistance
• fade/UV resistance
• graffiti resistance
open space design
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open space design
34
Site furnishings
Seating
Seating can be an integral part of open space
design. It enhances the functionality and comfort of
spaces by providing a place for the various activities
and interactions that take place on the Campus.
How a space is to be used should be determined
prior to the selection of site seating so that the most
appropriate seating types and quantities can be
supplied. A partial list of uses that seating facilitates
is provided below:
Seating Uses to Consider:
• solitary study
• group study
• intellectual exchange
• social interactions
• quiet conversation
• group discussion
• respite
• dining
• concerts
• commencement
• commemorate people, events, and/or
achievements
• memorialize students/staff/alumni
• open houses, fairs, fundraising events
To accommodate these potential uses, a variety
of seating types should be incorporated into the
Campus landscape. Benches, tables and chairs,
umbrellas, and picnic tables should all be used to
accommodate the way(s) a certain area will be used.
An assortment of seating types should also be
provided to give users numerous seating options.
Seating should be placed in a multitude of locations,
shady and sunny, intimate and public, etc. to give
users a greater variety of choices.
All types of seating, however, should be arranged
to facilitate interaction and conversation. Their
arrangement should also allow for people watching
and situate pedestrians with views.
Temporary or informal seating should be easily
obtained in the way of landscape walls, wide stairs,
appropriately sized boulders, and/or lawns.
Site furnishings
Benches
Placement:
• embed in paving where possible
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• position facing pedestrian routes
• place in paved areas or provide hardscape
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the element at least 6” in all directions
• anchor to paving or underlayment when
possible
• place equally in shaded areas and sunny areas
Quantity:
• use singularly along secondary paths of travel
and in smaller, more intimate, areas
• group arrangements along major pedestrian
routes and in larger more public areas to
accommodate multiple users and group
gatherings
• provide variables in seating quantities at
locations as appropriate
• provide ADA seating options per federal codes
General Considerations:
• use a combination of benches with backs and
arms for comfort and variety
• limit the use of backless benches where
seating from both sides is desired and twosided access is available and expected
Function:
• accommodate a varying number of users
• commemorate special people, events, or
accomplishments
• serve as student/staff/alumni memorials
Location:
• use along pedestrian corridors
• situate in open spaces
• provide outside building entrances
• locate at drop off/pick up locations
• locate at transit stops
Products/Materials:
• use Campus standard benches
• deviate from Campus standard only in cases
of commemorative/memorial benches and
benches given as gifts to the Campus
• chose benches made of materials that are
comfortable in all temperature conditions
open space design
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open space design
36
Site Furnishings
Tables and Chairs, Cafe Tables,
Umbrella Tables, & Picnic Tables
General Considerations:
• permanently secure in place wherever possible
• provide stackable chairs when possible to
allow for flexibility in arrangement, ease
of maintenance, and minimized storage
requirements (where appropriate)
• provide tables with holes for umbrellas (where
appropriate)
Function:
• accommodate dining needs
• facilitate other activities such as solitary or
group study
• facilitate conversation
• provide a resting place
Location:
• locate in close proximity to food service areas
where eating would take place
• situate in study areas
Placement:
• place outside the main path of travel so
circulation is not disrupted
• arrange to facilitate secondary movement
throughout the space
• place only in paved areas or on underlayments
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the element at least 3’ in all directions
• situate primarily in shaded areas but place
some elements in sunny areas for those
desiring sun exposure
Quantity:
• situate in groups of no less than three
• one out of three tables in each grouping should
be wheelchair accessible on at least one side
of table per ADA requirements
Products/Materials:
• use Campus standard furniture
• deviation from Campus standards will only be
allowed for special circumstances
• chose furnishings made of materials that are
comfortable in all temperatures conditions
Site Furnishings
Receptacles
General Considerations:
• line fixtures to increase ease of waste
collection and to protect fixture against
deterioration
• secure lid to frame with inconspicuous lock
• clearly label contents as trash or recycling
Function:
• collect trash and recyclables for disposal
Location:
• situate where people walk such as along
pedestrian corridors, paths, trails, in parking
lots, and at street intersections
• position where people congregate such as
near benches, in seating areas, eating areas,
building entrances, drop-off areas, and bus
stops
• locate within 10’ of all vending machines
Quantity:
• provide enough fixtures to meet the projected
needs of a certain area
• supply more fixtures than thought necessary
when unsure of actual number needed
• provide at least one receptacle per three tables
in dining areas for trash and recycling
• make additional receptacles available during
special events
Products/Materials:
• use Campus standard receptacles
Placement:
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• place only in paved areas or on underlayments
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the element at least 12” in all directions
• secure by anchoring to paving or underlayment
• group trash and recyclables receptacles
together
open space design
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38
Site Furnishings
Bicycle Parking / Storage
General Considerations:
• screen bicycle parking areas where possible
with landscape screens – low hedges, earthen
berms, groundcover
• shade bicycle parking with canopy trees
• provide proper lighting for function and safety
– actual and perceived
Function:
• accommodate bicycles
• encourage ridership by providing convenient
secure parking for bikes
Note: biking should be encouraged because it
reduces pollution, resource consumption, and
land development impacts and promotes a healthy
community
Location:
• situate centrally in close proximity to building
entrances
• avoid situating closer than 25’ but no further
than 50’ from the primary building entry
• avoid locating in less utilized perimeter zones
for security reasons
• locate adjacent to/along bikeways and bicycle
routes
Placement:
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• place only in paved areas or on underlayments
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the element to allow for bike dimensions
• anchored to paving or underlayment
Quantity:
• group adequately to accommodate the usage
requirement for each particular area
Product/Materials:
• use Campus standard racks
Site furnishings
Bollards
Removable Bollards
General Considerations:
Function:
• facilitate vehicle access management allowing
occasional access to service and emergency
routes and/or special event and overflow
parking areas
Bollards serve a variety of functions, they can be
used to manage and direct pedestrian and vehicular
traffic. They can be used to protect infrastructure.
Bollards can be used to delineate areas that lack
definition or as decorative elements.
Lighted bollards can also be used to illuminate
pathways.
With the exception of lighted bollards, guidelines
are provided for each of the types of bollards listed
below.
Types of Bollards:
• Removable Bollards (Preferred)
• Fixed Bollards
- Security Bollards/Anti-Ram Posts
- Traffic Control Bollards
- Architectural Bollards
- Post-and-Cable
Location:
• position at entry points to areas of controlled
vehicular access
Placement:
• arrange linearly or along a gentle arc
• space no more than 4-5’ apart
• place to minimize disruption to pedestrian and/
or bicycle traffic
• place only in paved areas or on underlayments
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the bollard at least 6” in all directions
Quantity:
• provide enough fixtures to effectively block
vehicular access
• use the minimum number of fixtures possible to
effectively control access
Products/Materials:
• use Campus standard bollards
• do not use lighted fixtures where frequent or
quick removal may be necessary
open space design
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open space design
40
Site furnishings
Bollards
Fixed Bollards
Function:
• provide security and safety for pedestrians
and infrastructure while maintaining pedestrian
freedom
• protect against accidents and delineate
vehicular areas by acting as a barrier/barricade
• use as a visual aid and/or physical barrier to
delineate pathways and roadways
• define desired pedestrian and vehicular traffic
flow
• deter and divert access
• separate pedestrian and vehicular traffic
• regulate access to areas by providing varying
levels of permeability
• provide a decorative element
• highlight significant pedestrian corridors and/or
streetscapes
• emphasize perimeters whether Campus
interface, building edges, and/or specific area
boundaries
Location:
• flank other critical infrastructure such as
transformers, gas pipes, fire hydrants, etc
exposed to vehicular contact
• position to protect light poles, phones, signage,
etc. exposed to vehicular contact
• locate at ingress points into car free zones
• situate along pathways and roadways lacking
definition
• use in areas without proper curbing such as
zero curb drop-off areas and streets with no
curbs
• locate at the threshold between vehicular areas
and areas where vehicular use is restricted or
prohibited
• situate where added emphasis on site features,
Campus architecture, and/or significant spaces
is desired
Placement:
• embed into the surface at ground level 3’
height minimum
• arrange linearly or along a gentle arc
• space no more than 4-5’ apart
• place to minimize disruption to pedestrian and/
or bicycle traffic
• place only in paved areas or on underlayments
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the bollard at least 6” in all directions
Quantity:
• provide enough fixtures to effectively prevent
vehicular contact
• use the minimum number of fixtures possible
Products/Materials:
• provide impact resistant posts at least 6” in
diameter
• use Campus standard bollard in all non-service
areas
• use Campus standard decorative bollard
covers over existing bollards
• use lighted bollards where dual function is
possible
• do not use bollard with bike arms
site furnishings
emergency telephones/
Blue Light telephone
function:
• provide emergency telephone access in areas
where students, staff, or visitors may need to
call for the help of a uniformed officer in the
event of an emergency
• indicate the location of a placed call and make
others in the areas aware there is an issue
• serve as a crime deterrent
Quantity:
• provide emergency phones as determined by
Campus Police
Location:
• situate along commonly used pedestrian paths
• locate in parking lots
• locate at bus stops and pick up/drop off areas
• install in remote areas of Campus
• locate wall mount units at building entries
Note: color and lettering should be consistent
across fixtures
placement:
• situate in highly visible and easily accessible
areas not obstructed by buildings or vegetation
• align orthogonally to adjacent walks and/or
buildings
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• position facing pedestrian routes
• place in paved areas or on underlayments such
as concrete pads which extend beyond the
pole at least 6’ in all directions
• mount in weatherproof boxes on buildings at
primary entrances
products/materials:
• use Campus standard fixtures for all
emergency phones types: tower-style, solar
powered tower-style, and building mounted
• use tower-style emergency phones except at
•
building entrances where phones should be
mounted in weatherproof boxes to the façade
use tower-style solar powered emergency
phones when installed in remote areas of
Campus where power is not available or
supplying power would be costly
open space design
41
open space design
42
site furnishings
Kiosks
function:
• facilitate wayfinding
• act as an information center to help keep
students, staff, and visitors informed about
Campus events and issues
Location:
• situate along heavily traveled pedestrian
corridors
• install in high use areas
• locate at key interfaces between the Campus
and adjacent community
• add to bus stop and/or pickup/drop off areas
placement:
• align orthogonally to adjacent walks
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• position facing pedestrian routes
• place only in paved areas or on underlayments
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the element at least 6” in all directions
• secure permanently to paving or underlayment
• place in shaded areas when possible
Quantity:
• provide in accordance with the wayfinding
master plan
products/materials:
• use Campus standard design for Campus-wide
utilization
Site furnishings
Shade Structures
General Considerations:
• select structures that can accommodate
multiple users and uses
• specify modular structures when possible
for ease of installation, maintenance, and
adaptability
• construct to resist local wind loads
Function:
• provide shelter from the heat and glare of the
sun
• define significant outdoor spaces such as entry
plazas and/or courtyards
Location:
• use in areas where thermal comfort is
importance but is not provided by building and/
or shade trees, such as seating areas and
outdoor dining areas
• provide at bus stops, pick-up/drop-off areas,
and/or other areas where people might have to
wait for an extended period of time
• consider large structures to shade large
expanses of low SRI paving such as asphalt
parking lots
Placement:
• place poles/supports outside the path of travel
so circulation is not disrupted
• place poles/supports only in paved areas or on
underlayments such as concrete pads which
extend beyond the element at least 6” in all
directions
• situate where they do not compete with existing
or newly planted trees
Note: temporary shade structures may be located
next to newly planted trees and removed as the
trees mature
Quantity:
• provide shade via shade structures as needed
and as appropriate
Products/Materials:
• consider how a material will filter light, weather,
and coordinate with adjacent buildings and/or
infrastructure
• select semi-flat colors to minimize glare and
remain cool to the touch in direct sunlight
• consider adding photovoltaic (PV) panels to the
roofs of large shade structures
open space design
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open space design
44
Site furnishings
Planters
Function:
• provide vegetation in spaces where in-ground
planting cannot be accommodated or is not
appropriate
• define open space
• delineate pathways and roadways and direct
pedestrian and vehicular traffic flow
• emphasize entrances
Location:
• limit use to select locations on Campus
because of increased maintenance planters
impose
Placement:
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• place only in paved areas or on underlayments
such as concrete pads which extend beyond
the element at least 6” in all directions
• anchor to paving or underlayment if possible
Quantity:
• limit the use of planters
• use a minimal number of containers to achieve
the desired effect
Products/Materials:
• limit selections to one style/family of containers
• provide only permanently irrigated containers
Site furnishings
Flagpoles
General Considerations:
• provide proper lighting surrounding the pole
with a minimum of three uplights
Function:
• display flags of significance to the Campus
Location:
• situate in areas of significance such as site
entries or plazas
• locate “on or near the main administration
building of every public institution” as stated in
the US Flag Code, Section 2, Paragraph E
Placement:
• place pole in a linear arrangement when
multiple poles are grouped together
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• place in paved areas or on underlayments such
as concrete pads which extend beyond the
pole at least 6” in all directions
• situate in planting areas where appropriate
• place the pole displaying the flag of the United
States of America in the center when grouped
with other flags per US Flag Code, Section 3,
Paragraph E, G
• place the pole so that the flag is to its own right
when facing away from the building
Quantity:
• limit the number and location of flags to prevent
site cluttering
• use singularly or in groups where display of
more than one flag is appropriate
• provide separate poles when flags of two or
more nations are flown together
Products/Materials:
• use Campus standard ground set flagpole
when used singularly
• determine the appropriate height of the
flagpole for the flag size it will display and
wind conditions at its location using the
American National Standard Institute(ANSI)/
National Association of Architectural Metal
Manufactures (NAAMM) Guide Specifications
for Design of Metal Flagpoles
• use Campus standard flagpole for the flag
of the United States of America and poles of
shorter heights when displayed in a group per
US Flag Code, Section 3, Paragraph E, G
• do not use roof-mounted, wall-mounted, or
outrigger flagpoles
open space design
45
open space design
Site furnishings
Outdoor Art
Function:
• enhance open space
• contribute to the creation of memorable places
• celebrate heritage and create connections to
the surrounding community
• commemorate or memorialize special people,
events, or accomplishments
Location:
• situate in prominent locations highly visible and
not obstructed by buildings and/or vegetation
Placement:
• place in paved or planting areas as appropriate
• place on underlayments such as concrete pads
or concrete art pedestals which extend beyond
the element at least 6” in all directions when art
must be installed in lawn areas
• secure permanently to paving or in ground
• place outside the path of travel so circulation is
not disrupted
• consider the availability of lighting/power
outlets near permanent installation
Quantity:
• use sparingly to maintain the distinctiveness
and exclusiveness of outdoor art
Products/Materials:
• chose art for creative expression and variety
but limit selections to those pieces that fit within
the context of the Campus and respect the
scale and materials of the surrounding area
46
planting
Introduction
There are numerous opportunities for plant material
to serve functions as outlined below and further
discussed in the following pages. While functionality
should be a main concern, utilitarian plantings
should always fall within the aesthetic framework for
Campus design.
Planting Functions:
• enhance sense of place
• define space/create outdoor rooms
• create varying degrees of privacy
• enhance thermal comfort
• create visual interest
• frame vistas
• reinforce patterns of movement
• direct/control pedestrian traffic
• minimize visual distractions
• block undesirable views
• screen utilities and service functions
• mitigate noise
• provide buffers
• stabilize soils/minimize erosion
• provide wildlife forage or habitat
• create educational opportunities
Engineering
Plants can be used to control erosion caused by wind
and water which threatens the San Jacinto Campus.
Santa Ana winds blow across the Campus.
To lessen the impact of wind erosion, plants with
wind dissipation characteristics should be employed.
Plants with dense leaves or needles can be used
to block the wind. Plants with dense branching
can be used to control and slow wind while plants
with multiple stems and rough bark can be used to
decrease wind velocity as it passes across them.
Newport Beach Environmental Nature Center
To lessen the impact of water erosion, plants with
binding roots and other erosion control features
should be selected. Plants with leaves and/or
branching patterns that form canopies can be used
to obstruct raindrops thus reducing splash erosion.
Additionally, plants with fibrous roots that brow
close to the soil can be used to hold surface soil in
place. Plants that create debris increase the organic
material in the soil which loosens it and increases its
water absorption rate.
open space design
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open space design
48
planting
General Considerations
Sustainability
• landscape with indigenous vegetation and
other plant material that requires little or no
resources
• selection and arrangement of plants should
minimize maintenance
• minimize turf areas and/or replace such areas
use tree canopies to shade hardscape and
paving with low SRI values
• salvage/retain healthy plants during
construction if it is cost-effective
• use plants from local sources, and when
appropriate
Ecology
• select and place native/ drought tolerant
plants for restorative purposes in areas
where natural vegetation has been damaged
by development, erosion, wildlife, or the
introduction of invasive plants
• landscape with plants that provide, where
appropriate, wildlife with forage and habitat
value
• remove ecologically damaging or invasive plant
species
• establish a plan for the handling of existing
significant vegetation during construction
to either protect it in place, remove it for
replanting on-site or relocation to another site,
or complete removal
Education
• use plant material to demonstrate new planting
options and variations to students, staff, and
visitors
• create plantings areas for research and study
of biological principles as appropriate
• incorporate select specimen and exotic plants
• landscape with edible plants and other plants
with unique characteristics
• encourage sponsorships and endowments for
the planting of special trees and gardens/plots
on Campus
planting
Plant Selection
In addition to the selection of plants for their
functional purposes, there are other considerations
that should be made when choosing plants.
Select Plants For:
• form
• ultimate size and shape
• color
• texture
• visual merit
• ease of maintenance (i.e. pest management)
Plants should be chosen from the Campus plant
list that are consistent with the design of the area
where they are to be used. Plants selections should
be coherent with the scale and context of adjacent
open space and/or building(s).
Aesthetically, plants should be chosen that create
a visual hierarchy and enhance spatial definition.
Opportunities to add seasonal interest should also
be highlighted.
Priority should be given to ultimate plant health.
Plants should only be chosen that will thrive
within their intended location. Plants should also
be selected that will reduce demands for water,
fertilizers, pesticides, and maintenance.
Additionally, plants should be selected that provide
habitats for wildlife whose presence on Campus is
desired.
The educational value of plants should be
considered. Plants for demonstration purposes
and/or planting areas that allow for research should
be selected.
Native/Drought Tolerant Plants
When possible, plants, native or drought tolerant,
should be selected. Native and drought tolerant
plants outperform non-native plants because they
evolved to flourish within the conditions of the region.
Native plants are self-propagating. This characteristic
can be advantageous where large drifts of plant
material is desired.
Additionally, native plants require less supplemental
water making them an excellent xeriscaping option.
Native plants also require no additional nutrients
and require less maintenance. This reduction in
resource and maintenance requirements makes
them a sustainable choice.
open space design
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open space design
50
Planting
Plant Placement
There are a variety of ways plant material can
be arranged. At the San Jacinto Campus, plants
should be used to achieve functional and aesthetic
objectives.
Within a plant grouping, the size, shape, texture,
and color should create visual interest. Limiting
plant groupings to a few plant types will create a
dramatic effect to include few plant types.
There are several uses of plant material. Plants can
be used to add definition and separation to spaces.
Plants can also be arranged to create various levels
of enclosure.
Place plants to create seasonal interest. Situate
plants along pathways and roadways lacking
definition. Arrange plants to create a sequence of
space for the pedestrian and/or the motorist to move
through.
Along pathways and roadways plants can be placed
for delineation and help define desired traffic flow
and reinforce patterns of movement. In these areas,
plants can regulate entry, deterring and diverting
access, and also separate pedestrian and vehicular
traffic.
Aesthetically, plants can be placed to define the
Campus character and overall perception. Their
arrangement should be holistic, and choreographed
to encourage interest to the Campus.
General Considerations
• place plants in areas appropriate for their
growth habits and resource requirements to
ensure their viability
• plant should be located where it would
minimize maintenance
• avoid locating plants where they create a
habitat for unwanted wildlife
• provide mulch or planting beds around trees in
turf areas
• use plants in containers in areas without proper
curbing, such as zero curb drop-off areas and
streets with no curbs
Perimeter
• place plants in more informal arrangements
along the site boundary
• entry points should have coordinated design to
facilitate arrival
• use large drifts of plantings for larger areas
Interior
• building interiors, where appropriate, should
increase flexibility in the use of plant material to
encourage individual design
Planting
Landscape Buffers & Screens
General Considerations:
• consider the dual use of buffers as storm-water
management elements if possible
• do not exceed slopes of 3:1 when planting turf
• supplement planted buffers with built elements
• use in addition to or in combination with
masonry walls, fences, and earthen berms
• consider the dual use of screens for microstorm facility that captures, detains, absorbs,
and infiltrates storm water runoff and non-point
pollutants
Function:
• separate conflicting land uses
• provide a transition between varying land uses
• screen utility areas such as service, trash
collection, storage, and mechanical equipment
areas
Size:
• provide an appropriately sized buffer that
creates the desired sense of separation
(screen opacity should be no less than 80
percent)
• run the buffer the entire length of the land use
conflict
• make the width of the screen no less than 5’
• reflect the height of the element in the height of
its screen
• follow the general rule – the narrower the
buffer, the denser and more formal the material
and the wider the buffer, the less dense and
less formal the material
Material:
• incorporate varying plant types to achieve
desired screening as well as visual character
• use plants that enhance filtering and
absorption in buffer strips used as storm-water
management areas
• follow the general rule - provide one tree,
seven shrubs, and ten ground cover plantings
for every fifteen feet of screen
Function:
• screen parking from public view such as along
street frontages
open space design
51
open space design
52
Planting
Planting Around Buildings
•
•
•
•
employ plants to help visually transition from
open space to buildings and soften the impact
of buildings
use trees to create a sense of human scale
relative to buildings
use plantings with an edited plant palette
give priority to safety, ensuring visibility and
movement is never obstructed by plant material
Plant Selection
General Considerations:
• chose plants of size and massing that
compliment the scale of the building
• select plants to perform specific functions
• provide diversity in a edited plant palette
• select accent material that expand the color
palette or provide visual interest
Plant Placement
General Considerations:
• do not block windows with plant material
• do not place trees where they will grow to
touch building as they fill out
• place shrubs to allow for ease of building
maintenance and window cleaning
• avoid planting that requires watering system to
contact building surface - prevent overspray on
buildings
Placement at Building Entries
• place plants to emphasize building entries
• augment plant massing and variety at main
entries to reinforce significance
Cypress College, Maintenance and Operations
Placement at Building Edges
Planting should only be provided along building
edges for functional purposes as described below.
Functions:
• break up long blank walls
• reinforce architectural massing
• give hierarchy to buildings
Along building edges, space trees and other plant
material at regular intervals. Randomly place and/
or cluster trees and other plant material along
buildings edges in more naturalistic areas.
Planting
Trees
Trees can serve additional purposes as listed below:
General Considerations:
• use trees to suggest institutional permanence
• encourage sponsorships and endowments for
the planting of special trees on Campus
Functions:
• enhance Campus character
• provide shade
• give a cooling effect from transpiration
• mitigate heat island effect
• improve air quality
• control erosion
• support wildlife
• aid wayfinding
• provide educational value
Placement:
• arrange trees to reinforce the geometry and
character of the space or building
• place trees to shade buildings where
appropriate
• do not place trees where they obstruct visibility,
movement, or access
• situate trees to allow for ease of building
maintenance
• place only in areas with adequate space
• avoid planting trees too close to buildings.
• ultimate size should be anticipated in placement
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53
open space design
planting
Shrubs
Shrubs can serve additional purposes as listed
below:
General Considerations:
• select shrubs adapted to Campus’ native
environment
Functions:
• give a cooling effect from transpiration
• improve air quality
• control erosion
• support wildlife
• provide educational value
Placement:
• arrange shrubs to reinforce the geometry and
character of the space or building
• do not place shrubs where they obstruct
visibility, movement, or access
• situate shrubs to allow for ease of building
maintenance
54
planting
Vines & Groundcover
Vines and groundcover can serve additional
purposes as listed below:
Functions:
• control erosion
• provide educational value
• give a cooling effect from transpiration and
shading (vines)
• provide a blanket over areas where plant
treatment is desired but without the use of
shrubs or taller plants (groundcover)
• cover vertical walls
Placement:
• place in areas where a vast covering over the
ground is desired
• vertical interest is desired or screening/
buffering needed
• install with support materials so vines and
groundcover can spread and cover areas
open space design
55
open space design
planting
Turf
General Considerations:
• select native grasses or groundcover instead of
mown lawn when possible
• commit to the maintenance requirements
before selecting turf
• irrigate all turf areas
• line turf areas with mow curbs or sidewalks
Functions:
• control erosion
• provide educational value
• provide a place for students, staff, and visitors
to sit and/or recreate
• programmable events
Placement:
• avoid the use of turf on slopes greater the 3:1
• avoid the use of turf as a value engineering
remedy
56
architecture
introduction
Context
Identity
The Facilities Master Plan proposes to redesign
the San Jacinto Campus. The existing buildings
on Campus have similar features and qualities,
but a majority of them show little consideration for
the surrounding context. The San Jacinto Campus
Design Guidelines create the context for the design
of the new campus. In particular, four new buildings
will be designed to create the four corners of the
new quad that will provide the impetus for a new
architectural character for the Campus.
The current buildings on the existing Campus fail
to create a strong collegiate environment for staff
and students. As the Campus grows, future building
types proposed and designed should apply the
outlined set of architectural characteristics and
conditions to reflect and create a strong identity
and overall relationship to the other buildings on
Campus.
The existing Campus consists of three (3) main
building types:
Included in the section is a catalogue of desired
architectural qualities recommended for future
Campus buildings to achieve a unified, collegiate
identity:
• Materials Palette
1. Precast Concrete
2. Stainless steel paneling systems
3. En-rock
• Architectural Qualities include:
•
San Jacinto Campus, 2011
Perimeter Buildings: buildings forming the
edges of the Campus
•
Core Buildings: introverted buildings located in
the center of the Campus
•
Portable Buildings: buildings scattered around
the Campus providing temporary services to
Campus students and staff, until they can be
replaced by permanent structure
1. Building Mass, Height, & Edges
2. Entrances 3. Roofs
4. Fenestration
5. Solar Control
6. Vertical and Horizontal Circulation
7. Courtyards
8. Transitional Spaces
9. Enclosures
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60
materials palette
Precast Concrete
Precast concrete should serve as a base material for the skin of future and
proposed buildings on the San Jacinto Campus. It can be an architectural
means of unifying all buildings and help reinforce a cohesive Campus
identity. The color variations of the concrete should be approved by the
design review board.
CSU San Bernardino, College of Education Building
CSU East Bay, Recreation and Wellness Center (left, right), JPL Headquarters (middle)
Santiago Canyon College, Learning Resource Center
Metal Paneling Systems
Metal paneling systems can be used to suggest signature building features
and elements including but not limited to interior spaces, environmental
controls, and/or solar controls. Variation will depend on usage and
durability. Flat or perforated is used for main Campus buildings. Corrugated
paneling is used for buildings designated for service, maintenance and
operation. Color variations should be reviewed for approval by the design
review board.
En-rock
If precast concrete and metal paneling are beyond a project’s budget,
En-rock is a viable and affordable alternative. Unlike the qualities of
traditional plaster, the polymer-modified, commercial plaster facilitates
smooth and tough finishes. En-Rock has the advantage of a higher PSI
and flexural strength to withstand wear overtime. It is appropriate for trims
and signature surfaces. Color finishes are to be approved by the design
review board.
Architectural qualities
Building Massing, Height, and Edges
Building design should be influenced by the functional
uses of the structure. Because of the ranging
functions of Campus buildings, it is expected that
each building will respond to its intended use with
unique articulation. Variations in size, proportion, and
form are encouraged, but all buildings should have a
consistent vocabulary to create a cohesive aesthetic
in respect to spatial and durational conditions of the
Campus. Building heights are to be limited to three
(3) stories. Buildings should be oriented east-west
to allow maximum sun exposure on the north and
south facades.
Types of building that may create variations in
building designs:
•
•
•
•
Instructional Buildings
Student Services & Administration Buildings
Parking Structures
Maintenance and Operations
American Career College (top)
Irvine Valley College,
Business Sciences & Technology Innovation Center (bottom)
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61
architecture
Architectural qualities
Roofs
Roofs should be dynamic that their form serves a
function and purpose beyond providing shelter for
interior spaces. Architects and designers of future
Campus projects should evaluate and incorporate
environmental and/or solar controls into the forms of
the facades and roofs.
Roofs can be used to collect rainwater and use it
to water onsite landscaping. Roof drains should
discharge from more than one location and away
from walkway and paths.
American Career College (left)
CSU San Bernardino, Student Union (top right)
Mt. San Jacinto College,
Menifee Campus Technology Center (bottom right)
62
Architectural qualities
Entrances
The primary entrances of a building should establish
a hierarchal quality to the rest of the building.
Primary and secondary entrances should create a
sense of arrival, be clearly articulated, and visually
prominent. Dark, confined, or hidden entries should
be avoided. Wayfinding needs to be highlighted
by entries. Building entrances should be located
adjacent to Campus circulation spines.
Functionally, all doors and entries should be covered
and protected from unfavorable climatic conditions,
such as wind, hot sun and/or rain. In addition, it
is important that building entrances reinforce the
connection to the rest of the Campus by allowing
materials to transverse the entry from the exterior
to the interior.
Entrances can be demarcated by a concentration of
features including:
• elevation changes
• recessions
• protrusions
• glazing
• canopies
• enriched materials
• change in facade plane
Santiago Canyon College Learning Resource Center
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63
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64
Architectural qualities
Fenestration
Fenestration is used on the building envelope to
transmit natural light to interior spaces, and at times,
is used to ventilate interior spaces. Additionally,
fenestration provides views out to the Campus.
Effective design can control or filter the amount of
daylight entering the interior spaces to appropriate
light levels. As a guiding principle for articulating
exterior facades, fenestration should apply a series
of datum lines to reinforce the human scale of the
building and also to relate it to adjacent buildings. All
glazing must also comply with the California Building
Code and the Green Building Code.
Glass
Sun orientation should dictate the placement and
application of glazing types. Clear vision glass is
most appropriate on north-facing facades to allow
natural light to enter interior spaces, and tinted
vision glass should be used on south-facing facades
to control the amount of direct sunlight entering the
building. Consideration to the depth and geometry
of glazing would help minimize the amount of direct
glare, especially in instructional spaces.
Vision glass standards should be consistently applied
to all buildings on Campus. Performance standards
-- including high visible light transmittance, high
shading coefficient, low exterior reflectance, and low
U-values -- should be dependent on solar heat gain
reduction and the allowance of natural light entering
the buildings. Other standards, including the color
of the glass, may be subject to other requirements
specified by the Campus design review board.
Examples of recommended glass:
• Insulated Low-E2 Vision Clear Glass
1. Insulating glass equal to Viracon 1-55 #2 dualglazed insulated glass assembly with 1/4-inch thick
exterior pane Low-E pyrolytic coating conforming
to ASTM C1376, tempered or heat-strengthened
where required by Code, and an interior pane
consisting of 1/4-inch thick clear vision glass.
a. Thickness: 1/4-inch thick clear
b. Applications: Exterior vision glass assemblies
c. Performance Values:
1) Visible Light Transmittance: 47%
2) Solar Heat Gain Coefficient: 0.35
3) Shading Coefficient: 0.40
4) Winter U-Value: 0.31 Btu/(hr x sqft x °F)
• Monolithic Vision Glass – clear vision glass
a. Application: Exterior entry locations, Interior Vision Glass locations
b. Performance:
1) Visible Light Transmittance:88%
2) Shading Coefficient: 0.94
3) Winter U-Value: 1.0
• Monolithic Ceramic-Coated Spandrel Glass
1. ASTM C 1048, Condition B (spandrel glass,
one surface ceramic coated), Type I (transparent
flat glass), Quality-Q3, and complying with other
requirements specified.
a. Basis of Design Product: Subject to compliance with requirements, provide ceramic-coated spandrel glass by Northwestern Industries or comparable product by one of the following:
1) Glass: clear float
2) Viracon
b. Glass: Clear float.
c. Ceramic Coating Color: White
d. Fallout Resistance: Provide spandrel units identical to those passing the fallout-
resistance test for spandrel glass specified in ASTM C1048
Skylights
Rooftop skylights can bring natural light into buildings
of larger scale and proportion. They can be used to
reduce a building’s electrical loads and cost. The
bounced or reflected light can be utilized to illuminate
upper level spaces, vertical circulation cores,
atriums, lobbys, cafeterias and social gathering
spaces. Skylights should be avoided in classrooms
because the direct glare entering interior spaces
can become a distraction during instructional hours.
Architectural qualities
Solar Control
The District Campuses should integrate shading
systems on new and renovated Campus buildings
to protect students from the region’s harsh sun and
heat.
Vertical Louvers
Horizontal Louvers
Overhangs
Vertical louvers should be placed on the east and
west facades of buildings to control the amount
of natural light entering the interior spaces. An
integration of both horizontal and vertical louvers is
a method to control the sun’s glare and intensity.
Horizontal louvers should be considered on the
south facade of buildings to break up the intensity of
sunlight entering the interior spaces during the day.
Exterior walkways should have integrated overhangs
to shield against direct sun exposure.The depth
should be sufficient enough to provide protection
from unfavorable climates.
Santiago Canyon College, Science Center
Santiago Canyon College Learning Resource Center
Mt. San Jacinto, Menifee Campus Technology Center
Cuyamaca College Student Center
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architecture
Architectural qualities
Vertical and Horizontal Circulation
Circulation paths to and from Buildings should be
clearly defined. Access and entry to circulation
towers and paths should be highly visible. Doing so
will create security through visibility.
It is encouraged to place circulation towers on the
exterior of the building and protected by covered
awnings. The design of circulation paths should be
integrated into the building design.
Transparency will encourage people to utilize the
stairs and circulation paths. Leaving them open and/
or allowing a certain level of transparency will allow
natural daylight to filter through the space and create
visual interest, both during the day and at night.
Such measures should be applied to both vertical
and horizontal circulation paths.
CSU San Bernardino, College of Education (top left)
CSU San Bernardino (top middle)
El Camino College, Humanities Building (top right)
Palomar College, Multidisciplinary Building (bottom)
66
Architectural qualities
Courtyards
Courtyards are the transition spaces between the
larger open spaces and building interior spaces.
They form a pedestrian scaled formal outdoor space.
Because they are semi-enclosed by building edges,
they are a private and intimate setting for social
interaction. The buildings lining the courtyards also
provide shelter from potential winds.
The design and placement of seating and shading
devices should encourage students to activate the
courtyard spaces.
Desert Hot Springs High School
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architecture
Architectural qualities
Transitional and Interstitial Spaces
Transitional and interstitial spaces should be
designed to encourage social interaction. The space
should be flexible enough to accommodate a variety
of activities. The transitional spaces should feel
like a fluid extension of the larger Campus, scaled
down, but with the same vocabulary of materials
and guiding organization of circulation patterns.
Cuyamaca College,
Business/Computer Information Systems Building (top)
Orange Coast College Lewis Center for Applied Science (bottom)
68
Architectural qualities
Enclosures
To minimize the visibility of mechanical systems
and equipment, future projects should integrate
screening devices into the building design. Doing
so, will create less visual clutter and more cohesive
building identities.
Santiago Canyon College, Learning Resource Center (top)
Santiago Canyon College (bottom)
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interior design
Introduction
Campus Context
While it’s important for each building and program
to have its own identity; the building interiors should
be consistent with, and support the overall design
quality of the Campus.
Buildings should provide views from the interior to
the natural environment.
Character and Identity
The character and identity of a building’s interior
should reflect and relate to the character and identity
of the building’s exterior.
Ideally, the building’s interior design should have
dialogue with the function of the building.
Mt. San Jacinto College,
Menifee Campus, Technology Center (all images)
interior design
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74
SPACE PLANNING
Introduction
The interior design process is an integral part of the
building design. The building form and massing
should be largely driven by space planning which
meets the requirements of the program. Interior
space planning together with the materials, lighting,
and furnishings must support the day-to-day
activities of building users.
General Recommendations
It is critical that a building’s space plan meets
functional, safety, and “future-proofing” flexibility
requirements. Sound space planning should be
integrated into the architectural design of new
buildings, additions, and any renovation or seismic
upgrade projects.
•
•
•
•
Consider efficiency when space planning.
Doing so can help reduce square footage,
therefore reduce construction cost. It will also
help reduce the operating cost of the building in
the future.
Utilize State & District standards for space sizes
and other elements such as classroom size
requirements.
Consider the integration of building systems
and space requirements early on during project
planning.
Include adequate custodial facilities on each
floor and in each major wing of buildings,
to accommodate storage and maintenance
equipment.
•
Consider juxtapositon of the program
spaces with the public spaces. Look for
opportunities to include informal interaction
areas which encourage interaction among
Campus community members and with
visitors.
- Locate these spaces near high traffic areas such as lobbies, shared resources, restrooms, stairs, elevators, and vending areas.
- Provide a variety of furniture to support diverse activities such as lounging, individual study, group study, break-out sessions, etc.
• Understand workflows and space needs in
terms of both program adjacencies and
individual room layout.
• Plan appropriate space for recycling operations.
Receptacles should be located in all areas
where food is prepared/served, by all printer
locations, near entrances and exits, and
near all vertical circulation such as stairs and
elevators.
• For the entire building: provide an easily
accessible area that is dedicated to the
collection and storage of non-hazardous
materials for recycling, including at a minimum:
- paper
- glass
- plastics
- metals
SPACE PLANNING
Adaptability and Flexibility Principles
Modularity
Layouts
Introduction
Utilize a modular space planning approach where
practical, such as for laboratory and office space.
The space plan and building services should be coordinated, to permit reconfiguration of partitions and
services to each module.
Configure individual spaces to permit a variety
of layouts, and the ability to adapt to different or
changing requirements.
Space planning should recognize the initial space
occupants as the first of a series of building tenants.
The adaptability to future layouts and flexibility
to accommodate change over time should be
incorporated into all space planning.
•
•
Recommendations:
Plan the building to accommodate future
renovations, additions, & upgrading; preferably
by floor or zone; to minimize disruption by
incorporating the following into the building design:
•
•
•
•
•
•
building forms that can be easily added to or
modified, with interior and exterior knock-out
panels
designation of future expansion areas, with the
building designed to reasonably accommodate
future structural loads and exiting requirements
reasonable access to, adequate space for, and
regular modularity of building systems (such as
HVAC, electrical, communications, emergency,
and laboratory services)
open-ended corridors (with parallel building
services)
reasonable floor-to-floor heights
spaces clustered in pods or wings.
For
example,
group
offices
together
in
“administrative wings.”
•
•
Classroom furniture selection should support
changing teaching environments - formal
lecture, groupwork, etc.
Classroom infrastructure, & equipment should
support the changing needs and programs in
each room.
Classrooms should support not only the current
state-of-the-art facilities but also look toward
future trends in teaching and learning.
Provide ways to easily personalize the space,
whether it be colors, signage, display cases in
public circulation areas, and/or tackboards in
classrooms & offices.
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76
SPACE PLANNING
Circulation and Access Principles
Introduction
Public health and safety are critical considerations
in all space planning, in particular in the layout of
multiple safe and legible exit routes.
Recommendations:
Provide adequate access to building systems for
maintenance, repair, upgrading, and renovation.
Access to interstitial space, catwalk areas,
basements, tunnels, areaways, and roofs should be
carefully planned and minimized.
Provide adequate clearances for moving furnishings
and equipment along vertical and horizontal
circulation routes and at doorways, service/delivery
areas, and loading docks. Coordinate indoor and
outdoor circulation in loading dock and delivery/
service areas.
Incorporate a queuing layout for functions where
people will be waiting in line for services, such as:
•
•
•
•
•
box offices
copy centers
library check-out
registration
bookstore
Coordinate queuing layouts with overall circulation
patterns to minimize disruption of traffic flow.
Utilize space planning to support wayfinding within
the building and/or building complex by:
Recognize common use patterns by people in space
planning. Typical patterns include:
•
•
•
•
•
emphasizing the main building entry (or entries)
providing clear paths to vertical circulation
using multi-floor atria, courtyard spaces, or
monumental stairs for orientation.
providing views to the exterior.
•
•
•
Signage should be a secondary form of wayfinding
used only to support the building’s basic organization.
pre-function space to assembly areas and at
building entries
corners at intersections of corridors
using shortcuts across lobby and other open
areas
seating at stairs and low walls
SPACE PLANNING
Personal Safety and Building Security
Introduction
The space plan, as well as building equipment, can
help to ensure the safety, perceived safety, and
comfort of the building’s occupants.
Recommendations:
In building circulation areas and where building
spaces overlook outdoor open space and pathways;
provide views for building users. This can be
achieved through features such as windows, wall
openings, decks, balconies.
Encourage views of indoor common spaces. This
can be achieved through features such as multi-level
atria, balconies, interior glazing, and door lights.
Where possible avoid dark and enclosed stairwells.
Consider security measures and access control
requirements early in design. Specific building
systems recommended include but are not limited
to:
•
•
•
Security cameras, callboxes, and associated
stations
Building lock-down system if many rooms have
exterior access
Electrical security access
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QUALITY OF SPACE
Introduction
•
The quality of a space can affect one’s productivity,
learning capacity, comfort, and more. It also affects
overall experience and memories.
•
Physiological & Psychological Effects
The combination of form, material, color, textures,
and lighting produces the physical environment of
a space. It is critical that finishes and lighting be
coordinated with activities to be conducted in the
space.
•
•
•
Encourage positive physiological effects; and
psychological well-being, reflecting the desired
ambiance and/or impression of the space.
Enhance the function within of spaces and
building as a whole.
Provide a balance between overstimulation/
visual clutter and lack of stimulation/monotony.
Support mental and bodily alertness, while
counteracting fatigue, discomfort, and/or undue
stress.
Where needed; provide window treatment (film
and/or shades) to minimize the “fishbowl” effect.
This provides natural daylighting as well as
controlled views into the space.
•
•
Consider environmental factors that can affect
perceived comfort. These factors include sound,
odor, temperature, humidity, etc.
Create a connection to the natural environment
by providing daylight and views to the exterior
(where applicable).
QUALITY OF SPACE
General Furniture Requirements
Recommendations:
•
•
If applicable; in lecture classrooms consider
dual-entry desks to accommodate student
seating and avoid left/right handed tablet arm
chairs.
Consider universal planning concepts.
Office seating selection should be suitable for the
tasks performed and the body of the user. Most
office work now includes multiple tasks; including at
least some work at a computer. Include the following
performance factors in all task chairs:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
adjustable seat height
adequate size seat
sliding seat pan
seat pan with scrolled front edge (waterfall
design)
adjustable height and tension of backrest, to
firmly support back
adequately sized seat back
adjustable seat tilt to support forward, straight,
and backward reclining positions
adjustable armrests
upholstery that “breathes,” preferably in a small
pattern that hides dirt & soil
five leg base with casters for stability
Conference / seminar / training room selection
should consider the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
type of activities to be accommodated
need for flexible room arrangements
length of time that people will be sitting. While
seat height and seat tilt adjustability may
be applicable, they do not require as much
adjustabilty as an office chair that might be used
for longer periods of time.
flooring material (color, light reflectance value,
acoustics)
durability requirements
integration of technology
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QUALITY OF SPACE
Visual Ergonomics
Recommendations:
Introduction
Generally, floors, walls, and ceiling of a room provide
a sense of enclosure. Material reflectance should be
based on a floor/wall/ceiling ratio of 1:3:4 or greater.
The ceiling reflectance is especially critical where
indirect or direct/indirect lighting is used. A white
ceiling offers best overall reflectance when using
indirect lighting. If a darker ceiling is used, inform
the electrical engineer so the lighting calculations
can be updated with the necessary information.
The combination of finish color, finish texture
& material, and lighting produces the visual
environment within a space. It is critical that room
finishes and lighting be coordinated to provide
adequate visual conditions for the activities to be
conducted in the space.
Eye fatigue and strain is especially prevalent
in rooms where students and faculty are using
computer terminals for long periods of time. The
design of the room can help reduce the stress put
upon the eyes from staring at a monitor or screen.
In spaces where computers or other equipment
require reading monitors/vertical screens, the floor,
wall, ceiling, window, and lighting treatments should:
•
•
•
•
Minimize direct glare and screen veiling (indirect
glare).
Design for lower light levels in rooms where
computer monitors are used.
Limit undue contrast within the visual field to
prevent eye fatigue.
Provide local control over light levels through
use of shades, task lighting, dimming, and
zoning features in the room’s ambient lighting.
QUALITY OF SPACE
Interior Lighting:
Lighting in Circulation Spaces:
Lighting at Entries:
Introduction
•
•
•
Lamp and fixture selection should be appropriate to
the functions and desired ambience of the space.
For instance, provide additional task lighting in
offices, adjustable task lights where required in
science labs, etc.
•
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Lighting design in non-task areas should
recognize that people are phototropic, that is,
drawn to light.
Lighting of circulation spaces should use light,
materials, and color to draw or focus attention.
Lighting should be evenly distributed, avoiding
dark spots.
•
Use lighting to enhance main entries.
Assist wayfinding by highlighting entries.
Create entrances that are well lit, open, and
inviting; providing a “visual access” to main
public spaces.
Avoid dark, confined, or hidden entries.
Aesthetic Effect:
•
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The role of lighting in creating an overall
impression of a space should be recognized.
Fixture selection, layout, and type of controls
contribute to the ambiance and visual impact of
a space.
interior design
81
interior design
QUALITY OF SPACE
Acoustics
Reduction of reverberation time
Introduction
Reducing reverberation time in classrooms reduces
unwanted echoes and makes the speakers’ consonants clearer. This can be accomplished by:
Consider acoustical control/enhancement for each
type of space. Poor acoustical quality can adversely
affect ability to focus and retain information. Issues
such as excessive noise & reverberation can cause
hearing loss and even voice problems. Speech
intelligibility can be improved by reduction of both
background noise and reverberation time.
Reduction of background noise
Background noise can be caused by any number of
factors: mechanical equipment, mechanical ducts,
adjacent corridors, adjacent rooms, etc. Background
noise should be no more than 45 dBA and can be
accomplished by the following:
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•
•
Isolate mechanical equipment. Locate all large
noise-generating mechanical equipment away
from occupied rooms in order to avoid disruption.
Use a rectangular duct system, with duct liner,
sound traps, and long flex duct.
Design partitions that have a high Sound
Transmission Class (STC), preferably 46-47.
Partitions that go to the structure above, have
staggered studs, 2 layers of gypsum board,
and batt insulation perform well. Sound that
transfers through and above partitions is a
distraction for those in learning environments
and creates privacy issues in offices.
•
•
•
Take into consideration “hard” surfaces (floor,
ceiling, wall, furniture). Hard surfaces reflect
noise
Introduce tackboard with sound absorption on
the back wall of the classroom where applicable.
Consider acoustic ceiling tiles with a reasonably high Noise Reduction Coefficient (NRC).
Auditoriums and other specialty areas
For auditoriums and other specialty areas such as a
music hall; it is beneficial to consult an acoustician.
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QUALITY OF MATERIALS
Introduction
Interior finishes include flooring, wall, ceiling, and
window treatments. Materials selection should
be consistent with the principles of future building
flexibility to the extent feasible. The conditions
of use, such as the amount of traffic, are major
considerations. Interior finishes should contribute to
the desired visual impact of the building, and should
be integrated with the exterior design, including:
color, texture, form, and appearance under different
lighting conditions.
Flooring
When choosing flooring, consider the following:
Ceiling
When choosing ceiling type; consider the following:
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durability in high-traffic areas
maintenance
acoustics
slip resistance
welded seams & anti-microbial properties
cushioned where people stand for extended
periods of time
pattern/color that reduces the visibility of wear
and stains
walk-off conditions from exterior entries
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NRC value/ acoustics
color & reflectance factors in lighting
anti-microbial/ washable in kitchens or other
similar areas
access panel locations where required.
mechanical systems and air distribution
composition with other design criteria
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interior design
QUALITY OF MATERIALS
Fabric
Wall Treatment & Finishes
Textiles selected for wallcovering, upholstery
seating, and window covering should be for
institutional use, and be appropriate for the room’s
function. Performance factors include:
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•
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abrasion resistance
stain resistance
fire retardancy
colorfastness
strength
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Designate paint sheen (eggshell, semi-gloss,
etc.) by location. Ultraviolet (UV) ray resistance
and low/zero volatile organic compound (VOC)
should be used when possible.
Choose wallcovering that is washable and
appropriate for high-traffic conditions.
Factor in protection for exposed corners where
equipment & carts frequent.
Use wall base.
Use graffiti resistant materials where necessary
(i.e. restrooms).
Use adhesives and sealants with no or very low
VOC.
84
MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS
Introduction
In an effort to emphasize sustainability, the
manufacturing process & material content should
be considered. Building materials should improve
or at least not harm indoor environmental air quality,
and help to conserve resources through renewable
materials, recycled content, etc. Transportation
and delivery of product/materials should also be
sustainable whenever possible.
Pre-consumer Material
Defined as material diverted from the waste stream
during the manufacturing process. Excluded is
reutilization of materials such as rework, regrind,
or scrap generated in a process and capable of
reclaimed within the same process that generated it.
Post-consumer Material
Defined as waste material generated by households
or by commercial, industrial, and institutional
facilities in their role as end-users of the product,
which can no longer be used for its intended
purpose. Wherever possible, maximize the use of
this type of recycled material.
While sustainability is a major factor for materials &
products; all selections should be commercial grade
and perform appropriately for the required use.
Recycled Content
Increase the demand for building products that
incorporate recycled content of materials, thereby
reducing impacts resulting from extraction and
processing of virgin materials.
The following
materials should include significant recycled content:
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•
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•
•
•
•
•
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cement and concrete mix
reinforcing bar
aggregate and road base
metals
frames & windows
drywall/ gypsum
insulation
fiberboard substrates
flooring
ceiling systems and panels
interior design
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interior design
86
MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS
Regional Materials
Certified Wood
Rapidly Renewable Materials
Increase demand for building materials and products
that are extracted & manufactured within the region,
thereby supporting the use of indigenous resources.
This not only reduces the environmental impacts
resulting from transportation, but also supports local
economy.
Encourage environmentally responsible forest
management when using wood-based materials &
products, which are certified in accordance with the
Forest Stewardship Council’s (FSC) Principles &
Criteria. These components include, but are not limited to, structural framing and general dimensional
framing, floor, sub-flooring, wood doors & finishes.
Reduce the use and depletion of finite raw materials
and long-cycle renewable materials. Consider
alternate rapidly renewable materials such as:
Building Reuse
Extend the life cycle of existing building stock,
conserve resources, retain cultural resources,
reduce waste, and reduce environmental impacts
of new buildings as they relate to materials
manufacturing and transport. Wherever possible,
reuse existing interior non-structural elements
(interior walls, doors, floor coverings, and ceiling
systems) wherever possible in the completed
building (including additions).
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•
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linoleum and bamboo flooring
wool carpet
wheatboard and strawboard substrates
cotton fiber batt insulation
MANUFACTURE OF MATERIALS
Low Emitting Materials
Reduce the quantity of indoor air contaminants that
are odorous, irritating, and/or harmful to the comfort
and well-being of installers & occupants. Specify
low-VOC materials in contract documents. Ensure
that VOC limits are clearly stated in each appropriate
section of the specifications. Track the VOC content
of all products during construction. Major items of
concern include but are not limited to the following:
Composite Wood & Agrifiber Products
Defined as: particle board, medium density fiberboard
(MDF), plywood, wheatboard, strawboard, panel
substrates, and door cores. Materials such as
fixtures, furniture, and equipment (FF&E) are not
considered base building elements and are not
included.
Adhesives & Sealants
Common products to evaluate include: general
construction adhesives, flooring adhesives, firestopping sealants, caulking, duct sealants, plumbing
adhesives, and cove base adhesive.
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•
Carpet Systems
Clearly specify requirements for product testing
and/or certification.
Select products that are
either certified under Green Label Plus program
or for which testing has been done by qualified
independent laboratories in accordance with
appropriate requirements.
Composite wood & agrifiber products shall
contain no added urea-formaldehyde resins.
Laminating adhesives used to fabricated onside and shop-applied composite wood and
agrifiber assemblies shall contain no added
urea-formaldehyde resins.
Paints & Coatings
Specify low/zero VOC paints and coatings and verify
during construction.
interior design
87
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88
manufacture of materiaLs
environmental Quality and health
To the extent feasible, all interior finishes,
construction assemblies, casework, furniture, and
other building products should be evaluated in terms
of impacts on the environmental quality and health.
The manufacturing process, packaging, shipping,
installation, and disposal/recyclabilty of a product
should all be taken into consideration.
production during the raw materials
manufacturing stage of a product should:
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•
•
and
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resource recoVery
Ensure recycled content where applicable.
Ensure the contents are from a sustainably
acquired or renewable resource. For products
with
nonrenewable
contents;
extraction
management and restoration practices should
be the most efficient possible.
Ensure that the production facility produces low
emissions and little waste, or reduction of toxic
wastes exceeds current regulations.
packing and shipping of product should reduce
material costs and energy consumption.
•
materiaL source
Avoid using disposable packaging wherever
possible. Require reusable blankets during
shipping as a possible alternative.
At a minimum, recycled, or recyclable packaging
should be utilized.
Minimize transport energy. Specifying materials
that are locally produced is ideal.
production
instaLLation & use
installation and use should not create health
issues during product installation, long-term use,
and maintenance.
pacKaging
resource recovery should be implemented in the
final stage of the building product’s life cycle.
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Ensure indoor emissions are offset.
Ensure installation hazards are minimal.
Ensure low toxic emissions during use.
Ensure the product can be maintained under
normal use without using specialized cleaning
equipment or materials; particularly those that
are solvent-based, phosphate-based, etc.
•
•
Ensure the product can be easily and practically
removed for reuse, without major loss of quality.
Ensure the product can be repaired and
reconditioned to extend its life.
Ensure the product can be recycled into the
same product without creating negative effects
by the energy required..
Land engineering
grading, drainage, earthwork
A well-considered grading design integrates the
natural land forms with the District’s program and
architectural creativity to create an aesthetically
pleasing and yet functional and cost effective site
plan. Grading is both a science and art and serves
three basic purposes:
• The grading reforms the land surface to make
it compatible with the intended land purpose.
The relative elevations of the street, building
pad, parking area, and pedestrian access need
to be compatible with the surrounding terrain.
The more incompatible it is with the existing
terrain, the more costly the project will be and
this would require the need for retaining walls,
steep slopes, and excessive cut and fill quantity
of earth.
• The grading will establish and control the
proposed drainage. A cost effective drainage
design considers the efficient collection,
conveyance, and detention/retention of the
stormwater runoff.
• The grading needs to be functional to address
El Camino College, Math Business and Allied Health Building, Grading
drainage, but it also needs to have an aesthetic
value. The success of a project depends on the
appeal to the final user.
Land engineering
91
Land engineering
92
grading, drainage, earthwork
Grading Strategy
A good component of an effective grading plan is
to control and direct the water runoff to outlets or
natural vegetated areas inconspicuously. When
there are excessive drainage inlets, ditches, and
other structures, it diminishes the aesthetics of the
project. Although drainage structures cannot be
totally eliminated, their presence and obtrusiveness
can be eliminated by planning and designing
carefully. Here are criterias when grading:
and gutter or a valley gutter and directed to the
appropriate drainage area.
• The grading around the buildings should direct
the water away from the building and should
have adequate accessibility at the entrances
and at all path of travel.
• If the site is in a 100 year flood zone, the building
pad needs to be designed to at least one foot
above the flood zone.
• As a general rule, for natural areas such as
• Accessible parking stalls need to have a
landscaped areas or vegetated swales, the
swale needs to be designed to a minimum of 2%
slope. For paved areas such as parking areas
and streets, it should be designed to a minimum
of 1%. When it is less than these recommended
slopes, this becomes very difficult to grade and
may create pockets of standing water.
• Manufactured slopes should be horizontally
maximum cross slope of 2% and a longitudinal
maximum cross slope of 5%.
and vertically contoured to blend with the
natural terrain and should not be more than
a 2 to 1 slope unless it is approved by a
geotechnical engineer or if the City of San
Jacinto has a grading ordinance that may be
different. Vegetation, irrigation, and continuing
maintenance programs should be used to
stabilize manufactured slopes with trees and
shrubs to soften their appearance.
• Before grading the site, the engineer needs to
make a complete assessment of the on-site
and off-site runoff. With the new regulations,
for water quality, it is important to understand
the grading and how it affects the drainage. The
general approach is to collect the runoff and
depending on the soil to retain it on-site or to
convey it to a storm drain system and out to an
adequate outfall location
• The recommendation of the soils report should
• If there is concentrated flow on a curb or a
paved area, the water needs to be contained
in a drainage device such as a concrete curb
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be incorporated when designing pavement
thicknesses for parking areas, fire access,
and sidewalks. Pad thicknesses should be
coordinated with the geotechnical engineer and
the structural engineer.
Any work done in the public right-of-way or
easement needs to have an encroachment
permit and will need to be reviewed by the
City Public Works or Water Utility agencies.
This includes any construction of curb, gutter,
sidewalk, driveway, and roadway pavement,
and any trenching across the public right-of-way
for installation of water, sewer, storm drain and
other underground utilities. This encroachment
needs to be well coordinated in advance to
ensure proper scheduling and approval process.
Drainage
With the new stormwater regulations, it is better
to opt for solutions that have surface or open
drainage techniques whenever possible. However,
using piped systems that involve catch basins and
drains is necessary in many situations, but they are
typically more costly than open surface techniques,
such as sheet drainage or swales.
The drains can negatively impact local ecology,
specifically the health of local streams since they
typically outlet to the local water bodies. Overland
flow techniques slow down the runoff, allowing a
significant amount of water to percolate into the
subsurface soil mimicing the way in which water
naturally moved through a site prior to construction.
The subsurface drainage systems require more
consistent monitoring and a higher level of
maintenance in many cases compared with open
drainage systems.
grading, drainage, earthwork
Storm Drain Design Requirements
Earthwork
When designing the storm drain, the Riverside
County Flood Control standards should be used. A
hydrology and hydraulics study needs to be done to
ensure the proper sizing of the storm drain system.
Typically, a 10 year, 25 year, and 100 year storm
should be analyzed to determine the capacity of the
site.
The cut and fill of a site is important. The ideal
scenario for an existing site is to have all the
excavation from the buildings be used as backfill and
to bring the project to a finished grade. In order to
obtain earthwork balance, the excavated dirt needs
to be reusable quality. If the project has excessive
rock or expansive soils, an earthwork balance is not
attainable.
For a brand new site that needs to be graded, it is
always important to look at the final quantity of cut
and fill and to see if the site could be balanced. Also,
before any major grading is done, the site needs
to be stripped of the topsoil. The topsoil should be
stockpiled and used for planting and landscaping
purposes.
Another thing to consider is that the soil volume
increases when it is displaced from its natural state
due to the increase in the voids. When the dirt is
placed back into the hole at a density higher than
the natural state, there will not be enough dirt to fill
the hole. The deficiency in excavated soil volume
is called shrinkage, and should be accounted for in
the design.
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94
eROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
The runoff from construction sites can contribute to
significant erosion and it is crucial to have an effective
erosion and sediment control. Good planning is
the first step in making sure that sediments do not
damage the site or the receiving water ecosystem. In
order to do this, it is important to ensure erosion and
sediment control measures are correctly installed
and maintained on-site.
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•
The following is a checklist of items that should
be done to create a proper erosion and sediment
control plan.
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Plan the project such that it fits the site
characteristics. Site characteristics such as
topography, soils, drainage patterns, and covers
should be considered when developing a site.
Areas which are prone to erosion should be left
undisturbed and undeveloped if possible. Entry
and exit points for runoff should be protected
from erosion and equipped with sediment
control devices.
Minimize the extent of the disturbed area and
the duration of the exposure. The disturbed
areas need to be stabilized as soon as possible.
If the project is broken down to phases and if
the project construction is going to last for a long
time, the likelihood of having erosion is high and
proper erosion control is necessary. The grading
of the development sites should be consistent
with the overall development plan. By staging
construction and preserving existing vegetation,
the erosion can be reduced significantly.
•
Keep the runoff velocity low. For the drainage
ways which have concrete ditches or curbs,
the flow velocity can be reduced by minimizing
slope length and steepness. If the water is
flowing more than 3 ft/s, the grading should be
reconsidered to eliminate the high velocity that
could cause erosion.
The Erosion control
implemented include:
Direct runoff away from the problem areas. If
there is concentrated flow, the water should be
diverted to alleviate the flow in one area.
•
Retain sediments within the site area. Under
new stormwater regulations, the project should
not be discharging any sediments off-site. If
the proposed grading is designed this way,
sediment control ponds should be used to retain
the sediment and before runoff leaves the site.
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•
•
•
devices
that
could
Temporary seeding
Temporary mulching
Permanent sodding
Temporary or permanent erosion
blankets
Permanent vegetative buffer strips
be
control
The Sediment control devices that could be
implemented include:
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Silt fencing
Sediment basins
Sediment traps
Storm inlet traps
Check dams
Interception berms/swales
Be sure to implement a thorough maintenance
program for the contractor. Poorly maintained
erosion and sediment control facilities will not
work effectively. Budgets need to be allocated
for the inspection and maintenance of these
devices over the construction period.
• There should be adequate planning for pregrading, after-grading, during construction, and
after construction phases. There are different
techniques that are required for each phase of
the development.
Boeing Long Beach, Erosion Control
eROSION AND SEDIMENT CONTROL
The Erosion Sediment Control Plan should include
the following information:
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A written descriptive portion and a visual
component of maps and plans.
It is often integrated with the stormwater
pollution prevention plan report (SWPPP).
Limits of disturbance of the project
Existing site information
Proposed grading
Control measure details
Construction schedule should be indicated
on the SWPPP document and the contractor
should update on-site at the construction trailer.
Stabilization details
Please note that this Erosion Sediment Control
Plan is a living document and it should be
continuously updated by the Contractor on-site
to properly show what is happening.
An Erosion and Sediment Control Plan is required
for any grading and is a part of the grading plan.
Additional information regarding Best Management
Practices (BMP’s) may be obtained online at
www.cabmphandbooks.com.
Birch Elementary School, Vegetated Swale
Land engineering
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96
STORMWATER QUALITY
The San Jacinto Campus is part of the Riverside
County Flood Control and Water Conservation
District in Zone 4.
santa ana region of riverside county
The Campus watershed is part of the Santa Ana
River Watershed. Most people are not aware of the
pollution that occurs in our local rivers, lakes, and
streams. Many people don’t even realize that the
runoff in storm drains going directly into a waterway
isn’t even treated and goes into the rivers, lakes,
and streams.
Another false assumption that many people make is
that storm drain pollution only occurs when it rains.
During the dry part of the year, the pollutants such as
motor oil, antifreeze, trash and grease accumulate
on the streets and the parking lots. When it rains,
the rain water carries the pollutants into the storm
drains. The common activities such as overwatering
lawns and landscaped areas, car washing, and pet
waste droppings causes the pollutants to make their
way to the storm drain.
The graphical and tabular information shown on this document may be der ived from a variety of public agency and/or private
commercial sources such as Riverside County Transportation and Land Managem ent Agency, Thomas Brothers Mapping, the
Stephen P. Teale Data Center, GIS Technology Center, State of California, the United States Geologic Survey and the United States
National Atlas. These sources may possess varying levels of accuracy and precision and this product is meant only as a guide to the
relative position and scale of the depicted features. This GIS document is in no case to be interpreted as fundamental or decisive for
June 2009
purposes of land surveying, field engineering, plan drafting, code enforcement, land boundary determination and/or land acquisition.
Santa Ana River Watershed Service Areas
Contaminants found in polluted runoff:
• Heavy metals – Metals and toxic contaminants
from vehicle exhaust, tire compounds, motor
oil, weathered paint.
• Restaurant oils and grease – Fuels and
lubricants from automobile engines,
transmissions, and radiators.
• Pesticides, herbicides, and fertilizers –
Chemicals that are applied during yard care
can wash off.
•
•
Solvents and household chemicals – Paint
thinners, oil and water based paints,
degreasers, detergents, bleach, drain cleaners,
and other household products enter local
waters if dumped into storm drains or onto
streets.
Bacteria and plant nutrients – Bacteria from
sewage, animal waste, litter decomposing
vegetation, and septic tanks cause health
problems.
On January 29, 2010 the Santa Ana Regional Water
Quality Control board issued a fourth-term area wide
National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
(NPDES) Municipal Separate Storm Sewer System
Permit (MS4 Permit). The project would need to
comply with the regulations that are listed under
this permit. Under this regulation, any construction
projects that disturb more than one acre of soil
require a permit for storm water discharge.
STORMWATER QUALITY
The Construction General Permit requires the
development and implementation of the Storm
Water Pollution Prevention Plan (SWPPP). The
SWPPP should contain a site map which shows the
construction limits, existing and proposed buildings,
general existing and proposed topography,
stormwater collection and discharge points, and
drainage patterns across the entire site. The SWPPP
must list the Best Management Practices (BMPs)
that the discharger will install and implement to
protect stormwater runoff. In addition, the SWPPP
must contain a visual monitoring program and
a chemical monitoring program for “non-visible”
pollutants to be implemented if there is a failure of
BMPs. The Riverside County Stormwater Quality
Best Management Design Handbook should be
used as a guide to determine the types of BMPs that
should be used for each project.
Riverside County has several types of BMPs which
are separated between volume-base design and
flow-based design which are listed below.
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Extended Detention Basins (Volume-based)
Infiltration Basins (Volume-based)
Infiltration Trenches (Volume-based)
Porous Pavement (Volume-based)
Sand Filters (Volume-based)
Grass Swales (Flow-based)
Filter Strips (Flow-based)
Water Quality Inlets (Flow-based)
In the SWPPP document, the BMPs listed need to
be able to ensure long-term performance and ongoing and proper maintenance.
Low Impact Development (LID)
Currently, all Southern California projects are subject
to the new Low Impact Development (LID) hierarchy.
Although Riverside County has their BMPs in place,
for every project that is done, it needs to begin with
this list below in the order listed and the proper LID
needs to be determined.
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Infiltration
Harvest & Reuse
Evapotranspiration
Biofiltration and Release
Treatment Controls
Infiltration
Infiltration is when water on the ground surface
enters the soil. Infiltration would be the first option
that should be looked at since it would not be
changing any of the existing drainage patterns onsite. In order to use this methodology, it is important
to read the geotechnical report and find out the soil
type, groundwater, and if there is any selenium
or nitrogen. It is recommended that percolation
tests be done in areas that infiltration is being
considered. Typically a percolation rate of 0.5 in/hr is
recommended if any infiltration is being considered.
Land engineering
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98
stormWater QuaLity
harvest and reuse
evapotranspiration
Biofiltration
If infiltration is not feasible, harvest and reuse
should be used. Rainwater harvesting is the process
of intercepting stormwater runoff and putting to a
beneficial use such as for irrigation. This includes
cisterns, rain barrels, and other rainwater storage
tanks and systems. In order to use this application,
the irrigation demand needs to be coordinated with
the landscape architect. Harvest and reuse would
not be required if there is no irrigation demand
that exists that is longer than a week after a “firstflush” storm event. If a cost effectiveness study is
approved by the Regional Board and shows that the
harvest and reuse would be economically infeasible,
then it would not be required.
Evapotranspiration is a term that describes the
transport of water into the atmosphere from
surfaces, including soil (soil evaporation) and from
vegetation (transpiration). A green roof would be a
good example of an evapotranspiration system.
Biofiltration is the process in which contaminants
and sedimentation are removed from stormwater
runoff. The stormwater is collected in the treatment
area which consists of a grass buffer strip, sand
bed, ponding area, mulch layer, planting soil, and
plants. The bioretention area is graded to divert
excess runoff away from itself. If a bioretention area
stores water, the planting soil should exfiltrate over
a period of days into the underlying soils. Typically,
water cannot be stored for more than 48 hours. If it
is being stored for more than this time period, there
needs to be an emergency overflow area designed.
STORMWATER QUALITY
Treatment Controls
If none of the above items work for the LID, then the
only other option is to do a Treatment Control BMP
which could include a mechanical system.
There are different BMPs available and the LID
requirements evolve continuously. Before, any
design is done, check with Riverside County Flood
Control to make sure that the requirements are met.
Newport Beach Learning Center, Cudo Cube Stacks
The Cudo Cube is an example of a new approach to underground infiltration. This system can store, infiltrate, treat, rainwater harvest, or provide other
stormwater management needs.
Land engineering
99
Land engineering
water quality management plan
Under the MS4 permit, a Water Quality Management
Plan (WQMP) is also required to show the project
BMPs and indicate how the project will be treated
after the project is constructed.
If the project is adding an additional 5,000 square
feet of impervious surface and if the existing site is a
new development, a WQMP is required.
By incorporating the process that is done when
completing the SWPPP document, this ensures that
the WQMP has adequate treatment control BMPs
throughout the site.
100
WET UTILITIES
The water and the sewer are provided by the Eastern
Municipal Water District (EMWD). See attached
map by the City.
Water
The City’s existing water distribution system consists
of approximately 125 miles of water mains ranging
in different sizes. The City’s water system currently
has three storage tanks with a total capacity of 3.5
million gallons of water and is presently served
by four active wells. The City is responsible for:
maintaining all fire hydrants and system flushing
program, maintenance, reading water meters on a
monthly basis, and collecting water quality samples
(weekly, monthly, quarterly, and annually). The City
is responsible for the will-serve letters, fire flow
testing, and dig-alerts for doing projects.
When designing the domestic water system, it
should be in accordance with the EMWD Standards
and Specifications.
•
All water systems need to provide adequate
demand. A fire flow test should be performed
on the existing street to see the existing flow
capacity of the proposed site. The water
demand study for the site should be done to
adequately size the main domestic water lines.
The design needs to consider the water system
operation under a full range of expected
demands and emergency conditions.
•
The minimum desired cover to sub-grade in
locations where the pipe is subject to vehicular
load is 3 foot 6 inches (3.5 feet).
The fire system design needs to follow the
California Fire Code, California Building Code,
Riverside County Ordinance, and the NFPA
Handbook.
•
•
•
•
•
Fire hydrant locations and fire access need
to be approved by the Riverside County Fire
Authority. See their local requirements.
In general, the fire system should be a looped
system such that if one water source is down
in the situation of a fire, the other water source
would be up and running.
A double detector check assembly should be
placed at the point of connection to protect the
potable supply line from possible contamination
or pollution from the fire system and have
adequate backpressure from fire line booster
pumps.
Typical fire hydrant spacing should be 300 feet.
For each building a post indicator valve (PIV)
and a fire department connection (FDC) need
to be installed if the building is sprinklered.
Eastern Municipal Water District Service Area and Incorporated Cities
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Land engineering
WET UTILITIES
Sewer
Coordination
The Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD)
provides the sewer services to the community and
owns and operates an industrial waste and sewer
treatment plant which has a capacity of 11.0 million
gallons per day.
For a new water and sewer system, there are a
couple of coordination steps necessary with EMWD
to start the process.
•
The sewer system should be designed in accordance
with the EMWD Standards and Specifications.
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
The pipe flow needs to be sufficient size to
handle the total design flow.
Main sewer and local collectors should be
designed with sewer flowing 2/3 full.
Sewer pipes should be designed for a
minimum velocity of 2 feet per second
The design flow velocity shall not exceed 10
feet per second.
The minimum pipe size main should be 8”
inside diameter.
All sewer laterals should have at least a 2%
slope. If a flatter slope is proposed, the pipe
needs to be designed so there is no settlement
inside the pipe.
Manholes shouldn’t be more than 300 feet
apart and cleanouts should be installed at the
end of all sewer lines.
The minimum desired cover to sub-grade in
locations where the pipe is subject to vehicular
load is three (3) feet.
•
•
•
The first step is to do the due diligence
questionnaire in order to be able to meet with
EMWD and specify what exactly is being
designed.
Next an approved Plan of Service (POS) needs
to be obtained for the project.
The plans that are designed need to be
checked and approved.
Next, a Standard Facilities services Agreement
needs to be signed.
Finally once the applicable project fees are
paid, EMWD service will be established.
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water conservation
Southern California still continues to face significant
water supply challenges and the conditions will
likely continue. In the past, California relied on the
wet weather during the winter to replenish water
reserves. However, there are currently pumping
restrictions in the Delta to protect the endangered
species, while water shortages continue to be a
problem.
In San Jacinto, the Eastern Municipal Water District
is trying to develop its local resources by looking at
groundwater and desalination, as well as to conserve
resources by expanding recycled water. However,
75% of the service area’s drinking area still needs to
be imported from the Metropolitan Water District of
Southern California.
Here are some concepts that will raise awareness of
the need to conserve water.
•
•
•
•
•
Provide necessary training to all new employees
at the District so they are familiar with water
conservation goals and strategies.
Provide Campus updates in the spring and fall
when water issues are at a peak during the year.
Create water conservation videos, show water
conservation strategies and case studies to
staff.
Provide staff with water conservation survey
to gauge understanding of water conservation
methods and to solicit ideas for water
conservation strategies.
Train maintenance and operation staff in water
conservation methods and awareness. Provide
•
updates on a yearly basis.
Educate the public through water conservation
features in building design, such as visible water
supply and waste lines at the building.
Some simple design methods to consider for
water conservation when designing the project
are the following:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Detect water waste. Be sure to look at scheduling
and sprinkler timer programming.
Maintain and provide an efficient sprinkler
system.
Select California friendly plants which are
drought tolerate. (i.e. native species)
Consider drip irrigation design for landscaping.
Retrofit a rotary spray nozzle.
Consider artificial turf.
Use a smart controller.
•
Collect runoff water from built structures, roofs,
etc.
Before exploring the various methods of
reducing water use, it is useful to provide a broad
scale background detailing the need for water
conservation. These include rising demand, lack
of supply-both due to increasing population and
drought, increasing costs, increasing regulation and
regional water politics.
Education is the best way and most cost effective
way to reduce water use.
Once the short-term strategies are deployed, then
the overall Facilities Master Plan design can be
implemented to work effectively towards water
conservation.
•
•
•
Identify new landscaping technology.
Work with the landscape architect and see
if harvesting and reuse is an option for the
planting.
Use alternative sources such as well water
or recycled water for toilet flushing. This is
relatively new to the Southern California area,
but many cities are starting to allow a dual
plumbing system.
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mechanical engineering
HVAC SYSTEMS
Overview
Codes and Standards
Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
systems for buildings at the San Jacinto Campus
should be designed to provide occupant thermal
comfort and appropriate indoor air quality. These
design guidelines are intended to insure that HVAC
systems on the Campus are also energy efficient,
durable, and maintainable.
HVAC Systems for the Campus should
be designed n accordance with the latest versions of
the following codes and standards:
• California Building Code;
• California Mechanical Code;
• California Electrical Code;
• California Building Energy Efficiency Standards
(Title-24);
• California Green Code
• AHSRAE Standard 62.1, Ventilation for
Acceptable Indoor Air Quality
• ASHRAE Standard 55, Thermal Environmental
Conditions for Human Occupancy;
• ASHRAE Standard 135, BACNet, a Data
Communication Protocol for Building Automation
and Control Networks;
Existing Campus HVAC Conditions
The existing San Jacinto Campus includes a variety
of types of HVAC systems including chillers and
associated pumps, boilers and associated pumps,
air handling units, rooftop packaged HVAC units,
exhaust systems, and various ancillary HVAC
equipment.
The existing HVAC systems on the Campus
equipment are generally unique to each building.
The District-Wide Facilities Master Plan for the
Campus includes replacement of essentially all
buildings on the Campus with new buildings.
The District may elect to develop additional
Campus standards related to HVAC system design,
maintenance, and control, beyond these guidelines.
Any additional Campus HVAC standards should
be provided to all design and construction teams
working on Campus improvements.
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mechanical engineering
HVAC SYSTEMS
Climate
The San Jacinto Campus is located in San Jacinto
on the north end of the San Jacinto Valley at the
foothills of the mountains. The region has relatively
mild winters and hot, arid summers. The area has
over 250 days of sunshine per year, and precipitation
is limited to an average of approximately 10 inches
per year, primarily occurring between November
and March.
HVAC climatic design conditions for the Campus
include:
• California Climate Zone 10
• Cooling DB (0.5%): 105 F
• Cooling MCWB (0.5%) 69 F
• Design Wetbulb (0.5%): 73 F
• Heating Design (0.6%): 29 F
New buildings at the Campus should be designed
to control solar heat gain as well as to provide
appropriate wall and roof insulation systems.
Water cooled HVAC systems are preferred over aircooled systems due to the relatively low wetbulb
temperatures.
Air-side economizers on air handling systems are
appropriate to take advantage of mild winter and
spring climatic conditions.
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HVAC SYSTEMS
HVAC Demand Reduction
New buildings at the San Jacinto Campus should
be designed to minimize HVAC demands through
appropriate design of building envelope and lighting
systems, including:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Appropriate building orientation;
Optimized roof (R = 30) and wall (R = 30)
insulation;
Light colored, cool roofing;
Appropriate use of thermal mass in the building
structure;
Appropriate glazing selection, size, and
orientation (glazing U-value <30 at the center of
glass, glazing SHGL <30);
Integrated architectural shading of glazing;
Reduced internal lighting power and plug loads
by using thermally broken metal frame window
and curtain wall systems;
•
•
•
70 F Heating Temperature;
75 F Cooling Temperature;
0% Maximum relative humidity;
Athletic facilities should be designed for appropriate
thermal comfort conditions, including relaxed
temperature conditions (eg 68 F heating, 78F
cooling). Studios and multi-purpose rooms in
athletic facilities should be designed with ceiling
fans for elevated air movement.
Maintenance facilities should be designed for
relaxed temperature and thermal comfort conditions,
depending on the specific use conditions.
Data and IDF rooms should be designed with
dedicated HVAC systems, capable of operating
continuously and maintaining thermal conditions as
required by the equipment located in the room.
Design teams should evaluate preliminary HVAC
load calculations during the schematic design phase
and consider design strategies that will reduce
HVAC demands, allowing for smaller and more
energy efficient HVAC systems.
Thermal Comfort Criteria
In general, HVAC systems shall be designed and
sized to maintain occupied indoor spaces (eg
classrooms and offices) consistent with ASHRAE
Standard 55 thermal comfort standards:
Ventilation and Exhaust Criteria
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HVAC SYSTEMS
Ventilation and Exhaust Criteria
HVAC Systems shall be designed to provide
ventilation air consistent with California Mechanical
Code and ASHRAE Standard 62.1 criteria.
Air-side HVAC systems should include adjustable
outdoor air intakes, preferably that allow for
100% outside air economizer cycle when climatic
conditions allow.
All outside air introduced via HVAC systems in the
buildings shall include particulate filtration of at least
MERV-11. HVAC air filters shall be located where
they can readily be inspected and replaced.
Dedicated exhaust systems shall be provided
wherever significant indoor air pollutants may
be generated, and as required by the California
Mechanical Code.
Required exhaust rates for select uses should be
at least:
• Art Classrooms
0.70 cfm/sf
• Science Classrooms 1.00 cfm/sf
• Janitor Room
1.00 cfm/sf
• Copy/Print Room
0.50 cfm/sf
• Locker Rooms
0.50 cfm/sf
• Restrooms
100 cfm/toilet
Rooftop exhaust fans are preferred, with variable
speed control where exhaust requirements may
vary. Ceiling exhaust fans may be used for exhaust
systems less than 500 cfm, where rooftop exhaust
is not feasible.
Fume Hoods
Instructional or research labs where fume hoods are
required must be designed to have no recirculation
of air to that lab or any other spaces. Supply and
exhaust volumes should be balanced such that
the lab is slightly negatively pressurized relative to
corridors and outside.
Fume hood systems shall be designed to meet
all relevant safety standards including Cal-OSHA
standards. Air velocity at the fume hood face should
be at least 130 fpm, with the sash fully open.
Fume hood exhaust ducts shall be round, Type 316
stainless steel. Fume hood exhaust fans shall be
located outside the building envelope and oriented
in a straight up-blast orientation.
Fume hood exhaust stacks must extend at least ten
feet above the roof and at least two feet above the
top of a parapet. Discharge from exhaust stacks
should have a velocity of at least 2,500 fpm. Hood
exhausts on the roof should be located at least 50 ft.
away from outside air intakes.
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HVAC SYSTEMS
Campus Central Plant Systems
The San Jacinto Campus Facilities Master Plan
examines the potential for installing a new central
chilled and hot water plant for the Campus.
Central heating and cooling plant equipment
will allow for higher efficiency systems and limit
maintenance to fewer units of equipment located
in a central Campus facility (compared to more
distributed HVAC systems located at each building).
Where feasible, new buildings on the Campus
should be designed to use central Campus chilled
and hot water systems for the primary building
heating and cooling source.
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HVAC SYSTEMS
Chilled Water Systems
refrigerant R-134a is preferred for Campus chillers.
Campus chilled water systems should be designed
and specified for water-cooled heat rejection (via
open loop cooling towers).
Chilled water systems on the Campus should
include multiple (at least two) chillers to provide
for redundancy and reliability. Each chiller should
include a spring-loaded isolation valve, controlled by
the HVAC system to allow for isolation of the chiller
during servicing or when it is not needed.
Electric chillers with high efficiency centrifugal
compressors are preferred for the Campus. Chillers
should include variable speed compressors that will
allow for more efficient part load energy efficiency.
Chilled water systems should be designed for a
chilled water supply / return differential of at least
18 F. Chilled water supply of 42 F with chilled water
return of 60 F is recommended.
Cooling towers should be specified for 8 F approach
temperature (80 F design condenser water supply).
Cooling towers should also include variable speed
fans, and be controlled based on a condenser water
reset strategy. Induced draft cooling towers with
axial fans are preferred.
Cooling tower maintenance should follow Campus
condenser water treatment standards and guidelines
Chilled water pumping systems should be ‘variable
primary systems’ with two-way control valves all
cooling valves and variable speed pumping based
on maintaining specified pressure in the chilled
water loop.
For chillers and other cooling systems, refrigerants
with no Ozone Depleting Potential and low Global
Warming Potential should be used. At this time,
Chilled water pumping systems should include at
least three pumps (lead / lag / standby) sized so that
the entire design flow can be met with one pump
not operating. Each pump should include a variable
frequency drive.
Heating Water Systems
Campus heating water systems will be supplied
primarily by natural gas-fired hot water boilers, but
may be augmented by solar water heating systems
and/or heat recovery and cogeneration systems.
Forced-draft, natural gas fired boilers are preferred.
Individual boilers shall be sized at less than 1.99
MBTU/hr input, so that each boiler need not be
individually permitted by SCAQMD.
Hot water pumping systems should be variable
speed with two-way control valves at all heating
valves and variable speed pumping based on
maintaining specified pressure in the hot water loop.
Individual boilers may require dedicated circulating
pumps as well.
Hot water systems on the Campus should include
multiple (at least two) boilers to provide for
redundancy and reliability. Each boiler should
include an automatic isolation valve, controlled by
the HVAC system, to allow for isolation of the boiler
during servicing or when it is not needed.
Hot water pumping systems should include at least
three pumps (lead / lag / standby) sized so that the
entire design flow can be met with one pump not
operating. Each distribution pump should include a
variable frequency drive.
HVAC SYSTEMS
Building Air-Side HVAC Systems
Air-side HVAC systems for buildings at the San
Jacinto Campus should be designed to provide
appropriate comfort and ventilation for building
occupants, while minimizing lifecycle energy and
maintenance costs.
Variable-air volume (VAV) air handling units (AHUs)
with integrated air-side economizers are the
preferred system for the Campus. Air handling units
may be located on building rooftop (with equipment
screened from view from adjacent walkways and
buildings) or located within building mechanical
rooms.
Cooling should be provided by Campus or building
chilled water systems, with copper tube / aluminum
fin chilled water coils in the AHUs.
Heating should be provided by Campus or building
hot water systems, with copper reheat coils in the
VAV zone terminal air units. Preheat coils in building
air handling units should be considered for buildings
with high outside air requirements.
Rooftop direct expansion (DX) packaged HVAC
units may be used where chilled water cooling is
not available or feasible. Rooftop packaged units
should be selected as VAV units with integrated airside economizers. Integrated gas-furnace heating
is acceptable for single-zone packaged units.
HVAC air-side systems should include appropriate
air filtration to protect indoor air quality as well as
maintain the equipment. HVAC filters should have
a Minimum Efficiency Reporting Value (MERV) or at
least 11, with MERV-13 preferred.
Condensate pans shall be stainless steel drain
dry type. Overflow drains shall be provided at all
condensate pans to prevent moisture damage if the
primary drain fails.
Conference rooms and assembly areas intended
for more than 5 occupants shall include dedicated
HVAC zones.
Areas with the potential for indoor air quality or odor
concerns (eg art classrooms, science labs, and
athletic facilities) shall be zoned separately from
other functions within the building.
Where feasible, UVC emitters should be provided
to limit microbial growth within air handling systems.
HVAC Zoning
HVAC zones shall be determined based on the
function, anticipated operating hours, and solar
exposure. Spaces that do not share common
characteristics shall not be served by the same
HVAC zone.
Classrooms shall always be zoned independently,
with a dedicated zone thermostat or temperature
sensor that allows for occupant adjustment of zone
temperature setpoints.
No more than 5 enclosed offices will share one VAV
zone.
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114
hVac systems
hVac piping systems
HVAC piping systems on the Campus should be
sized based on maintaining fluid velocity below 10
fps for pipes 8” and larger, and velocity below 7 fps
for pipes 6” and smaller.
Pipe Size (nominal)
10”
8”
6”
5”
4”
3”
2.5”
2”
1.5”
1.25”
1”
0.75”
0.5”
Maximum Flow
2400 gpm
1500 gpm
700 gpm
460 gpm
260 gpm
130 gpm
75 gpm
45 gpm
20 gpm
12.5 gpm
7.5 gpm
3.5 gpm
1.5 gpm
Underground chilled water piping systems for the
Campus should be a pre-insulated piping system
with schedule 40 steel carrier pipe, polyurethane
foam insulation, and a PVC jacket. Piping joints
and fitting shall be welded.
Underground hot water piping systems for the
Campus should be a pre-insulated piping system
with copper Type L carrier pipe, polyurethane foam
insulation, and a PVC jacket. Piping joints and
fitting shall be welded.
Aboveground chilled water piping should be
schedule 40 steel for nominal pipe sizes 2” and
larger and copper type L for pipe sizes smaller than
2”.
Aboveground hot water piping should be copper
type L for all pipe sizes.
Condenser water piping for open loop systems
should be schedule 80 steel.
Condensate drainage piping should be Copper Type
L or PVC.
hVac ductwork systems
HVAC ductwork systems within Campus building
should be sized to maintain duct air velocities below
the following:
•
•
•
•
Main Duct – Round
Main Duct – Rectangular
Branch Duct – Round
Branch Duct – Rectangular
1800 fpm
1500 fpm
1200 fpm
1000 fpm
Ductwork should be galvanized sheet metal
constructed in accordance with SMACNA and NFPA
standards.
Fiberglass duct insulation (duct wrap) shall meet all
code requirements, and be faced with PSK (polyscrim-kraft) or FSK (fiberglas-scrim-kraft) facing.
Internal fiberglass sound linings shall not be used.
Where internal duct lining is required for acoustic
reasons, closed-cell elastomeric foam sound linings
shall be used.
Rooftop (exposed outdoor) ductwork should be
minimized. Where exposed rooftop ductwork is
necessary, insulated supply and return ducts should
include a painted aluminum jacket.
Fume hood exhaust ductwork (both within the
buildings and exposed on rooftops) should be
stainless steel.
Return air systems may be ceiling plenum, ducted,
or a combination but should be designed to provide
an adequate and appropriate return air path from
the occupied zones to the HVAC equipment.
HVAC SYSTEMS
HVAC Duct Accessories
HVAC Diffusers, Grilles, & Louvers
Backdraft dampers shall be provided at exhaust
fans.
HVAC diffusers, registers, grilles, and louvers shall
be selected based on both functional performance,
acoustic, and aesthetic requirements.
Grilles, registers, and diffusers shall be selected to
coordinate aesthetically with the ceiling conditions
of the spaces they serve, including the layout of
lighting, soffits, coves, and other devices in the
space.
HVAC supply diffusers should be selected for no
more than 150 fpm face velocity, except where long
throw diffusers are required. Supply diffusers should
be selected with noise criteria of NC 35 or less.
In general, 2x2 lay-in diffusers and grilles should
be used in access ceiling tile spaces while linear
diffusers are preferred for gypsum board ceiling
spaces.
Return and exhaust grilles shall be selected for a
face velocity of no more than 350 fpm, along with
noise criteria of NC 35 or less.
Access panels for diffuser balancing dampers
should be limited, and remote balancing damper
mechanisms should be used for diffusers that
cannot otherwise be balanced.
Manual volume dampers shall be provided for
balancing of all supply diffusers
HVAC control dampers shall include direct drive
electronic actuators
Use radius elbows rather than mitered (square)
elbows whenever space allows. Duct turning vanes
shall be provided at any mitered elbows in any
supply ductwork with more than 500 cfm of design
air flow.
Limit HVAC access doors by locating equipment that
requires access above accessible (t-bar) ceilings
and in storage areas. Where HVAC access panels
are required in hard lid (gypsum) ceilings, coordinate
the location with the interior design.
Flexible duct shall be limited to no more than the
final 6’ of connection to a supply diffuser. Flexible
duct is not permitted negative pressure (return or
exhaust) air systems.
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HVAC SYSTEMS
HVAC Controls Systems
All Campus HVAC systems are monitored and
controlled by a Campus Energy Management System
(EMS). The EMS provides central management of
equipment operating hours, setpoints, and control
strategies as well as monitoring and trending system
operation and energy use.
The EMS is BACNet compliant, and all control
devices installed on the Campus must also be native
BACNet compliant (without the use of gateways or
other data translator devices).
The following control strategies shall be
implemented, at a minimum, for new building HVAC
systems on the Campus:
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
System scheduling control;
Optimal system start routine;
Off-hours override;
Zone temperature setpoint, deadband, and
setback control;
Supply air temperature reset control;
Chilled and hot water temperature reset control;
Condenser water temperature reset control;
VAV static pressure setpoint reset control;
Air-side economizer controls;
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Plumbing Systems
Plumbing Systems Overview
Sanitary Waste and Vent Piping
Plumbing systems for the Campus shall be designed
to provide safe, reliable, and efficient plumbing
services.
Soil, waste and vent piping within the buildings and
outside within five feet (5’) of the foundation shall
be no-hub cast iron pipe and fitting. Exposed vent
piping shall be Schedule 40 galvanized steel pipe.
Domestic Water Piping
Vents through roof shall terminate with vandal
resistant hoods.
Piping within buildings and above grade shall be
Type “L” hard drawn copper tubing with wrought
copper sweat fittings.
Grease waste piping shall discharge to a grease
interceptor with sampling box and sanitary waste
and grease vent connections at the outlet.
Acid waste and vent piping shall be schedule 40
flame retardant polypropylene pipe and fittings with
electrofusion joints. Acid waste piping shall discharge
to an acid neutralization basin with sampling box
and sanitary waste and acid vent connections at the
outlet.
Below grade piping outside of the building within
five feet (5’) of the foundation shall be Type “K” hard
drawn copper with wrought copper sweat fittings.
Below slab piping shall be Type “K” soft annealed
copper tubing with no fittings below the slab.
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Plumbing Systems
Facility Storm Drainage Piping
Storm drain piping within the building and outside
within five feet (5’) of the foundation, and overflow
drain piping within the building shall be no-hub cast
iron pipe and fittings.
Facility Natural Gas Piping
Site gas distribution systems shall be medium
pressure (5 PSI), with gas pressure regulators
located at each building. Building gas systems shall
be standard delivery pressure (8” w.c.).
Multiple-user restroom lavatories shall be
undercounter vitreous china with water efficient 0.5
GPM hot and cold water mixing valve type faucet,
ADA compliant.
Single-user restroom lavatories shall be wall mount
vitreous china with water efficient 0.5 GPM hot and
cold water mixing valve type faucet, ADA compliant.
All general use sinks shall be stainless steel selfrimming type.
Interior drinking fountains shall be dual height
stainless steel refrigerated type with recessed
compressor.
Water hammer arrestors shall be provided at each
restroom.
Manual shut-off valves for domestic cold and hot
water supply shall be provided at each restroom.
Recessed hose bibs shall be provided as appropriate
on building perimeter walls, rooftops, and wherever
water may be required for maintenance.
Domestic Hot Water Systems
Hot water shall be provided to all lavatories, sinks,
and showers on the Campus. Gas-fired tank type
water heaters are preferred, although small electric
and electric instantaneous heaters may be used
where gas water heating is not feasible.
Below grade gas piping shall be polyethylene.
Above grade concealed and exposed gas piping
shall be Schedule 40 black steel pipe.
Science room sinks shall be drop in corrosion
resistant resin type.
Plumbing Fixtures
Showers shall be recessed mount, thermostatic
mixing valve actuation, ADA compliant.
Solar water heating system will be evaluated for
athletic facilities and swimming pools with significant
daily water heating demands.
Plumbing Maintenance Items
Hot water recirculating pumps shall be provided for
larger buildings and hot water systems.
Multiple-user restroom water closets shall be water
efficient 1.28 GPF flushometer valve floor mount
vitreous china with siphon jet action and elongated
bowl with open front seat, in both ADA and non-ADA
compliant configurations as applicable.
Urinals shall be waterfree type wall vitreous china,
in both ADA and non-ADA compliant configurations
as applicable.
Pressure reducing valves and backflow preventers
shall be provided at the domestic water inlet to each
building.
Automatic trap primers (pressure drop activated)
shall be provided at floor drain locations within
buildings. Electronic trap primers shall be provided
for locations that are not in close proximity to a
regularly used plumbing fixture.
Fire Protection Systems
Fire Protection Systems Overview
All building areas shall be provided with complete
sprinkler coverage via wet pipe automatic fire
sprinkler system, as required by the California
Building Code.
All work shall conform to the latest requirements
of the National Fire Protection Association, NFPA
13, insurance underwriters, and the Fire Authority
having jurisdiction. The design shall conform to
Uniform Fire Code with California Amendments.
Fire protection system materials and components
shall be Underwriters Laboratories listed and
labeled, and Factory Mutual.
Wet-Pipe Sprinkler Systems
Sprinkler piping shall be black steel Schedule 40 for
all piping with threaded joints and fittings.
•
•
Areas with no ceiling shall be provided with
sprinkler coverage using brass finish upright
quick response sprinklers.
Location of all should be coordinated with
interior finishes
Pre-Action Sprinkler Systems
In areas where sensitive materials are housed (such
as libraries, records storage, archives) pre-action
sprinkler systems shall be used to prevent potential
damage from accidental discharge of a sprinkler
head.
Dry-Type Fire Suppression Systems
Data centers shall be protected with dry-type
gaseous fire suppression systems, as required to
protect information technology equipment.
Sprinkler heads shall be as follows:
•
•
Sprinkler heads in suspended ceiling areas
shall be pendent quick response sprinkler, white
finish with adjustable semi-recessed white finish
escutcheon.
Sprinkler heads in gypsum board or other
non-suspended ceiling areas shall be quick
response concealed pendent sprinkler with
white or custom color cover plate to match
adjacent ceiling surfaces as applicable.
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electrical engineering
Introduction
Included in this section are electrical design general
requirements for the San Jacinto Campus. All
Campus electrical systems (i.e. lighting, medium/
low voltage distribution equipment, and low
voltage systems) are to be efficient, durable, and
maintainable. To preserve the security and integrity
of building electrical rooms and transformer vaults,
departmental equipment requiring access by anyone
other than maintenance and operations (M&O)
personnel shall not be located in these rooms. Refer
to all applicable codes, Campus standards, and
supplemental design guideline sections as required
for additional design parameters.
An extended load evaluation of the existing electrical
service to determine the connected load and
available capacity on each of the existing feeders
is recommended prior to beginning the design
of any new buildings or performing any building
modernizations.
Santiago Canyon College, Learning Resource Center
Electrical engineering
123
Electrical engineering
Codes and Standards
Electrical Systems for the Campus should be
designed in accordance with the latest versions of
the following codes and standards:
•
ANSI
American National Standards Institute
•
ASTM
American Society for Testing and Materials
Quality Assurance
All the electrical equipment and materials, including
their installation, shall conform to the following latest
applicable codes and standards:
•
CEC
California Electrical Code
•
California State Fire Marshall
•
OSHA
Occupational Safety and Health Act
CEC
California Electrical Code (NFPA 70)
•
Requirements of Serving Utility Companies
• NEMA
National Electrical Manufacturers Association
•
Local Codes and Ordinances
•
DSA
Requirements of the California Division of State Architects
•
California Administrative Code, Title 8, Chapter
4, Industrial Safety Orders
•
California Administrative Code, Title -24
• IEEE
Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
•
•
NFPA
National Fire Protection Association
•
UL
Underwriters Laboratories, Inc.
The District may develop additional Campus
standards related to electrical system design,
maintenance, and control, beyond these guidelines.
124
Primary Service and Distribution
San Jacinto Campus main service and distribution
is fed from a single 5kV Southern California Edison
Company (SCE) feed. The SCE feed is routed
underground from a man-hole in North State Road
to a building located at the southwest corner of
the Campus and terminates at a 1200A metered
switchboard with three (3) 400A 5kV circuits. These
three (3) 5kV feeds are utilized to feed various
Campus buildings and electrical equipment.
All primary, secondary, and communication
infrastructure shall be installed underground in joint
trenches with other utilities where applicable and
code compliant. Recessed in-grade vaults are to be
installed at each change of direction. All underground
infrastructure shall be coordinated with landscape,
hard-scape, building/structure foundations, etc. to
avoid conflicts and to ensure overall aesthetic value
of exterior Campus environment.
The existing Campus does not utilize a primary
selective system; however, future considerations
should plan to implement a primary selective system
with automatic transfer switches located at each
substation.
Electrical distribution equipment and equipment
rooms shall be meet or exceed the following criteria:
An extended load evaluation of the existing electrical
service to determine the connected load and
available capacity on each of the existing feeders
is recommended prior to beginning the design
of any new buildings or performing any building
modernizations.
Primary voltage to all new buildings shall be 5kV
and shall terminate at a unit substation sized to
accommodate a minimum of 25% growth and
expansion. All medium voltage feeders shall be
15kV rated.
•
Equipment shall be mounted in leveling
channels on a minimum 4-inch high concrete
housekeeping pads.
•
Equipment rooms shall be sized appropriately
to accommodate additional equipment
necessary to accommodate a minimum of
25% growth and expansion, as well as, any
supplemental District Construction Standards
or considerations.
•
Equipment rooms shall be adequately sized
to allow for removal of individual pieces of
electrical equipment without requiring the
removal of any other equipment.
•
Equipment rooms shall be provided with floor
drains.
•
Equipment rooms shall be interconnected to
the nearest Campus IDF/BDF (Intermediate
Distribution Frame/Building Distribution
Frame) room by a minimum 2” C.O. routed
underground and stubbed to the accessible
ceiling space of equipment room.
•
Equipment shall be installed in accordance with
all code required working clearances.
•
Switchgear, distribution boards, etc. shall
be equipped with adequately rated transient
voltage surge suppression (TVSS).
•
Building level load metering with kW readings
shall be provided for all buildings and be
integrated into the Campus EMS system for
monitoring.
Equipment rooms shall be equipped with a
copper ground bus size and length adequate to
meet all room and building system grounding
requirements.
•
Maximum size for any 5kV-3PH-3W to
480/277V-3PH-4W transformer shall be 2000
kVA.
•
Preferred Campus equipment manufacturer is
Square D.
•
Electrical engineering
125
Electrical engineering
Primary Service and Distribution
The overall primary system performance shall meet
or exceed the following performance criteria:
•
The combined voltage drop on the service
laterals to the substations shall not exceed 1%
of the service voltage.
•
The Arc Flash Hazard shall not exceed level 2
at any point in the electrical system. Arc Flash
Analysis shall be performed on the completed
system and results presented to the owner
for their records. All equipment to be properly
labeled per local codes and requirements.
•
An overcurrent coordination study shall be
performed on the designed system to ensure
the entire system is properly coordinated. The
initial settings for system protective devices shall
be determined by performing an overcurrent
coordination study for the designed system. This
study may be performed by the design engineer
or the switchgear equipment manufacturer;
however, must be completed prior to energizing
service.
•
The power factor shall not be less than 90%.
126
Low Voltage/Secondary Distribution
Each building shall be equipped with an adequately
sized 480/277V-3PH-4W electrical service and
utilize dry-type transformers sized adequately to
accommodate all 208/120V electrical loads. All
lighting, HVAC, pumps with horse-power ratings
greater than 3/4 HP shall be fed from the 480/277V
distribution.
•
Equipment shall be mounted in leveling
channels on a minimum 4-inch high concrete
housekeeping pads.
Equipment rooms shall be adequately sized to
allow for removal of individual pieces of electrical
equipment without requiring the removal of any
other equipment.
•
Equipment rooms shall be provided with floor
drains – as appropriate.
Equipment shall be installed in accordance with
all code required working clearances.
•
Equipment rooms shall be interconnected to the
nearest Campus IDF/BDF room by a minimum
2” C.O. routed underground and stubbed to the
accessible ceiling space of equipment room.
•
Equipment rooms shall be equipped with a
copper ground bus size and length adequate
to meet all room and building system grounded
requirements.
•
Preferred Campus equipment manufacturer is
Square D.
Electrical distribution equipment and equipment
rooms shall be meet or exceed the following criteria:
•
•
•
Switchgear, distribution boards, panelboards
etc. shall be equipped with adequately rated
transient voltage surge suppression (TVSS).
•
All electrical equipment shall be fully rated. No
series ratings shall be permitted.
•
Building level load metering with kW readings
shall be provided for all buildings and be
integrated into the Campus EMS system for
monitoring.
•
Equipment rooms shall be sized appropriately to
accommodate additional equipment necessary
to service a minimum of 25% growth and
expansion, as well as, any supplemental District
Construction Standards or considerations.
Electrical engineering
127
Electrical engineering
Low Voltage/Secondary Distribution
The overall secondary system performance shall
meet or exceed the following performance criteria:
•
•
The combined voltage drop for the secondary
feeders and the branch circuit feeding the
furthest outlet of power shall not exceed 4% of
the service voltage.
•
•
The Arc Flash Hazard shall not exceed level 2
at any point in the electrical system. Arc Flash
Analysis shall be performed on the completed
system and results presented to the owner
for their records. All equipment to be properly
labeled per local codes and requirements.
•
An overcurrent coordination study shall be
performed on the designed system to ensure
the entire system is properly coordinated. The
initial settings for system protective devices shall
be determined by performing an overcurrent
coordination study for the designed system. This
study may be performed by the design engineer
or the switchgear equipment manufacturer;
however, must be completed prior to energizing
service.
•
The power factor shall not be less than 90%.
•
All distribution boards shall be provided with the
following:
- Copper bus bars
- Circuit breaker overcurrent protection
- Each piece of electrical equipment shall be fed with an independent feeder
- 100% rated main circuit breakers
All branch circuit panelboards shall be provided
with the following:
- Copper bus bars
- Bolt-on circuit breakers
All motors shall be supplied power per the
following:
- All motor equipment shall be provided with
combination motor/start switches.
- Motors with remote combination starters shall be equipped with fused disconnect switches located in line of site of equipment/motor. No lock-out stop in the control circuit permitted.
- Motor control centers shall be utilized in areas with high concentrations of motor equipment.
- Fire stats and/or Smoke duct detectors shall be interconnected inline to the motor circuit to prevent operation of motor when device is activated. Associated pilot lights shall be installed in a visible and convenient
location to clearly identify when interlocked
devices have tripped the motor circuit.
128
Lighting
Systems
Lighting systems shall conform to the following
criteria:
Interior Lighting
•
Maintain minimum acceptable lighting levels for
the intended use of the space.
•
For areas with high ceilings such as lobbies,
gymnasiums, auditoriums, etc. – both
fluorescent and other current efficient lighting
solutions shall be evaluated and the most
practical solutions shall be utilized.
•
All lamps and ballasts should be Sylvania.
Provide standard 32W T8 lamps with 3500
degree Kelvin for typical applications – to be
evaluated on a space by space basis.
•
All multi-lamp fixtures shall be provided with a
minimum of 2-ballasts to accommodate “ab”
switching schemes. Master-Satellite wiring may
be utilized where applicable.
•
Lighting shall be installed to reduce light spill/
trespass to the exterior of the building.
•
All interior lighting shall have a minimum CRI
of 80.
•
All electronic ballasts shall have a ballast factor
of .92 or higher.
Chabot College, Instructional Office Building,
combination of interior lighting and Solatubes
Electrical engineering
129
Electrical engineering
130
Lighting
Exterior Lighting
Emergency Lighting
•
Emergency lighting shall be accommodated by a
central battery inverter system sized appropriately
to accommodate the emergency lighting for both the
interior and exterior paths of egress as defined for
the project for a code minimum amount of time (typ.
90 minutes):
Exterior lighting shall utilize high CRI metal
halide lamps and fixtures. LED fixtures shall
be evaluated to determine feasibility and may
be implemented if the ROI and energy savings
adequately offset the significant initial cost of
this lighting alternative. Coordinate with the
District as required.
•
•
Lighting fixtures shall be installed to reduce light
spill/trespass to off-Campus areas.
•
Parking areas shall be illuminated by decorative
post-top mounted fixtures installed on 30” high
sandblasted pole bases.
•
Pedestrian pathways in Campus quad and
central corridors shall be illuminated by
decorative pedestrian height fixtures.
•
Pedestrian pathways in less “visible” areas shall
be illuminated by low-level pathway lighting
such as bollards.
•
All exterior fixture types, locations, etc. are to be
coordinated with the project landscape architect
to ensure fixture families enhance Campus
aesthetics and minimize conflicts with tree roots
and other landscape elements.
•
New Musco type sports lighting and associated
controls to be installed at new Football field.
All interior paths of egress shall be illuminated
to code required light levels (typ. 1.0 min footcandles).
•
All exterior paths of egress shall be illuminated
to code required light levels (typ. 1.0 minimum
foot-candles) to the right-of-way or nearest point
of refuge.
•
In addition to egress lighting paths of travel shall
also be illuminated by night-lights in areas where
lighting is not controlled by occupancy sensors.
•
All exit signs and supplemental egress wayfinding devices shall also be powered from the
inverter system.
Palomar College, Multi-Disciplinary Building
Lighting
Level
Interior Lighting
Recommended interior lighting levels for the San
Jacinto Campus:
•
Conference rooms, classrooms, and
laboratories shall be illuminated to a minimum
average lighting level of 50 foot-candles.
•
Private and open offices shall be illuminated
to a minimum average lighting level of 30 footcandles. Provide task lighting at all work stations
and private office to supplement the lower than
recommended ambient lighting levels.
•
•
•
Classrooms with significant daylight
contributions shall be illuminated to a minimum
average lighting level of 30 foot-candles.
Restrooms and stairs shall be illuminated to
a minimum average lighting level of 15 footcandles.
Corridors, storage rooms, electrical/mechanical
spaces, and lobbies/entries shall be illuminated
to a minimum average lighting level of 10 footcandles.
Cuyamaca College, Business, Computer Information Systems Building
Exterior Lighting
Exterior lighting levels recommended for the San
Jacinto Campus:
•
Parking areas, pedestrian pathways, building
entrances, etc. shall be illuminated to a minimum
maintained light level of 1.0 foot-candles.
•
High security areas shall be illuminated to a
minimum maintained light level of 2.0 footcandles.
•
Coordinate with project guidelines as required
to determine where these higher light levels are
necessary and required.
Electrical engineering
131
Electrical engineering
132
Lighting
Controls
All lighting fixtures are to be controlled per the
latest release of the California Title-24 and any
supplemental energy code requirements appropriate
to the project.
All spaces shall be designed to maximize daylight
contribution to the space while minimizing heat
gain. Classrooms, perimeter open/private office
areas, and administration areas with significant
daylight contributions shall be designed to utilize
a continuously dimmed intelligent lighting control
system. System to utilize photo sensing devices
and intelligent dimming ballasts installed in fixtures
to automatically dim fixtures in the room to maintain
pre-determined lighting levels.
All lighting in daylight zones not controlled by the
automatic dimming system shall be controlled on/
off separately from other lights in the space during
periods with significant daylight contribution.
Daylight zones are typically considered to extend
2’-0” on either side of the window and 15’-0” into the
space.
All interior spaces shall be controlled by vacancy
sensors devices to control the lights within the
spaces. The manual on/auto-off operation minimizes
nuisance tripping and prevents lights from remaining
on when the space is unoccupied.
In addition to vacancy sensor controls, buildings
shall also be equipped with time-clock controlled
relay panels located in building electrical rooms for
complete building shut-off. Lighting control panels
shall be integrated into the Campus EMS system for
ease of commissioning, system monitoring and load
shedding opportunities. Provide override switches
in spaces for operation of fixtures when after hours
operation of lighting is required.
Exterior lighting fixtures shall be controlled by timeclock/photo-cell controlled relay panels located in
building electrical rooms. All exterior fixtures are
to be controlled by photo-cell on/time-clock off
operation unless other project requirements dictate
otherwise. Evaluate the use of occupancy sensor
controls in parking areas as an alternate control
method to further minimize operation and energy
demands for parking area lights during periods of
non-use.
Standby Power Systems
A standby diesel generator shall be considered to
provide back-up power to the existing Campus BDF.
Electrical engineering
133
Electrical engineering
Detection and Alarm
Install all fire alarm and detection systems per
NFPA 72 and California State Fire Marshall (CSFM)
requirements. The fire alarm system shall be a
network system with all building panels integrated
into a Campus-wide distribution. Provide a minimum
½”C.O. with pull string from building control panel to
nearest IDF/BDF room.
Each Campus building or facility shall be provided
with a graphic annunciator to be located at the most
convenient fire response personnel entrance. All
building initiating devices (i.e. pull stations, smoke/
heat detectors, smoke duct detectors, smoke fire
dampers, sprinkler water flow, carbon monoxide
detectors, etc.) shall be annunciated on the remote
graphic annuciator.
Visual fire alarm devices (i.e. pull stations, smoke/
heat detectors, horns, strobes, horn/strobes,
etc.) locations within buildings and spaces shall
be coordinated with the interior designer to fully
integrate devices into the overall look and feel of the
space. All exterior bells and horns shall be recessed
in walls and concealed from view. Coordinate with
fire marshal as required.
The maximum load for each initiating and signaling
circuit shall be a maximum of 50% of the rated load.
Install strobes and speakers on separate circuits.
All speaker circuits to be wired for future voice
communication.
134
Communication Systems
Existing
Campus
system
utilizes
copper
infrastructure for all tele/data, and low voltage
systems. Future Campus improvements should
evaluate the use and implementation of a fiber optic
loop system.
Each building or Campus facility shall be designed
to include MDF/IDF rooms as necessary to
accommodate all telecommunication, data, security,
access control, etc. systems and sized accordingly.
Rooms to be sized to accommodate the installation
of the required quantity of 24”x24” floor mounted
data racks per Campus standards or requirements.
Coordinate with Campus IT staff as required.
•
•
Rooms shall be interconnected with additional
building IDF rooms via (2) 4”C.O. with pull ropes.
•
Rooms shall be stacked one above the other
and located central to the space.
•
Provide power receptacles as necessary to
accommodate the power needs of the UPS and
electronic equipment to be located in the room.
Coordinate with Campus standards as required
to ensure all necessary power requirements are
satisfied.
•
Provide power receptacles as necessary to
accommodate the power needs of the UPS and
electronic equipment to be located in the room.
Coordinate with Campus standards as required
to ensure all necessary power requirements are
satisfied.
•
Cable tray systems shall be installed above
equipment racks to accommodate cable
management and routing within the room.
•
Cable tray systems shall be installed above
equipment racks to accommodate cable
management and routing within the room.
•
All communication utilities will enter the building
and terminate inside room.
All conduit infrastructure for tele/data devices
throughout the space shall be 1-1/4”C. All
communication and low voltage in exposed ceiling
areas shall be routed concealed in conduits painted
to match the ceiling color.
•
Room shall be equipped with all required
head end switching and broadband/fiber optic
equipment and shall be utilized for distribution of
data and low voltage cabling to nearby spaces
and equipment.
Room shall house switching and broadband/
fiber optic equipment and shall be utilized for
distribution of data and low voltage cabling to
nearby spaces and equipment.
Provide cable trays in corridors with accessible
ceilings for routing of data cabling. Interconnect
cable trays to nearest MDF/IDF room via (2) 4”C.O.
with pull ropes.
•
Room shall be equipped with a copper bus
bar which is interconnected to the building
grounding electrode system. Size of bus bar
and copper ground conductors shall be per
BICSI recommended guidelines.
Room shall be equipped with a copper bus
bar which is interconnected to the MDF room
bus bar. Size of bus bar and copper ground
conductors shall be per BICSI recommended
guidelines.
•
Rooms shall be interconnected with additional
building IDF rooms via (4) 4”C.O. with pull ropes.
The intended use and systems to be housed in the
MDF room are as follows:
•
•
All communication utilities will enter the building
and terminate inside room. Room shall be
located near the perimeter of the building and
grouped with the main electrical room.
The intended use and systems to be housed in the
IDF room are as follows:
Electrical engineering
135
Energy resources
on-site energy
Introduction to On-Site Energy Use
On-site energy generation, also known as distributed
generation, can be used as an alternative to
purchasing electricity and gas from centralized
utilities such as Southern California Edison and
Southern California Gas Company that serve the
District.
On-site renewable energy generation is a way to
power the Campus while reducing the District’s
reliance on fossil fuels and minimizing the pollution
associated with the use of fossil fuels. Such
advantages are becoming increasingly important.
The volatility of fossil fuel prices are anticipated to
continue as a result of increased demand, supply
constraints, and political and legal requirements
such as greenhouse gas and criteria pollution
regulations. Proactive stewardship of these nonrenewable resources is also required to ensure
future supplies.
To be practical, on-site energy systems must be
appropriate for the schedule of operation and energy
use characteristics of the building. Maintenance
requirements must also be aligned with Campus
capabilities.
CSU San Bernardinno, College of Education,
Roof-Mounted Photovoltaic System
Energy resources
139
Energy resources
on-site energy
Renewable Energy Resources
On-site renewable power generation is one of the
lowest impact means for addressing a facility’s energy
needs. For renewable energy production to be viable
and strong, local renewable resource stream must
be available. Determining this resource availability
is the first step in considering the implementation
of on-site renewable energy systems into Campus
infrastructure. Next, consideration must be made for
capital costs, operations and maintenance costs, and
the lifetime of the on­-site energy system. Ultimately,
the viability of these systems is dependent upon
whether or not they are able to provide cost savings
over central utilities on a lifecycle basis.
“Energy Resources” is the most “live” section of the
San Jacinto Campus Facilities Design Guidelines.
The methods recommended are based on current
available options for on-site resources. The
catalogue of viable solutions will expand in the future
when more advanced options became available.
Based on clear skies and strong solar irradiance at
the San Jacinto Campus, solar electricity generation
using photovoltaics is highly recommended.
The wind resource at the site is not thought to
be strong enough to be viable for wind power
generation.
140
on-site energy
Solar Photovoltaics
Advantages of solar photovoltaics:
Solar photovoltaic (PV) technology converts sunlight
directly into electricity. The systems can be mounted
on new building roofs, over parking lots as carport
arrays, or as ground mounted installations. Before
installing PV panels on existing buidlings roofs, a
careful evaluation of the building should be made
to ensure that the installation will not compromise
the building’s structural system, building envelope,
or void roofing warranty provisions.
Cost Effective
Sustainable
• zero fuel costs, thus, they shield against
• renewable and pollution free power generation
• helps preserve dwindling fossil-fuel resources •
•
volatile electricity prices
power output from PV systems is coincident
with peak power demand and peak electricity
costs
many incentives exist for solar PV
– coal, oil, and natural gas
• reduces air and noise pollution associated with
conventional power generation
Energy resources
141
Energy resources
142
on-site energy
Solar Photovoltaics
Flexible
Ease of Use
Resilient
• integrate well with buildings
• modular and can be sized to meet any power
• very low operation and maintenance
• have a long lifetime with typical warranties of
•
•
output requirement
various technology types and design strategies
can be used to to meet specific requirements
for power density, security, aesthetics, etc.
can be screened on rooftops when visibility is
not desired
requirements
• silent with no moving parts
25 years and expected lifetimes of 30 years
• increases Campus energy independence,
decreasing reliance on utility providers
on-site energy
Solar Photovoltaics
While there are many types of PV systems, there
are four main system types that are most viable for
use at the San Jacinto Campus. These systems
are described below and general guidelines for
their integration in new Campus construction are
provided.
Viable Types of PV Systems:
•
•
•
•
Roof-Mounted
Carport
Ground-Mounted
Building Integrated (BIPV)
Roof-Mounted Systems (Building)
Building rooftops offer great opportunities for
capturing solar energy. They’re typically expansive
but under-utilized surface area can be almost entirely
covered with panels. Additionally, rooftops, unlike
other areas of Campus, are often devoid of shade
created by site elements such as other buildings
and large canopy trees.
PV systems can be mounted to both pitched roofs
and flat roofs. On pitched roofs, flush mounting is
most appropriate. This places added importance
on optimizing the roof’s pitch during the design
development phase of the building process. On
flat roofs, however, special racks can be used to
optimize orientation.
Thin film PV panels can be adhered to or integrated
into roofing systems to create what is known as
building integrated photovoltaics (BIPV).
Roof-mounted PV systems can be installed on both
existing and newly constructed buildings. This is in
part because the dead load of PV systems ranges
from 3-5 pounds per square foot, and this dead load
often replaces live load capacity which is typically
higher than 3-5 pounds per square foot.
Special attention should be paid to DSA and fire
code requirements when designing PV systems.
Division of State Architect (DSA) typically requires
mechanical attachment of systems and fire code
typically requires setbacks and access pathways.
Newport Beach Environmental Nature Center,
Roof-Mounted Photovoltaic System
Energy resources
143
Energy resources
144
on-site energy
Solar Photovoltaics
Carport Systems
PV modules can be installed on carports to create
a multipurpose structure. By themselves, carports
provide protection from harsh weather.
Carports shade people and cars, as well parking lot
paving, which is typically asphalt and creates a heat
island effect. All these forms of shading will enhance
thermal comfort.
When PV systems are integrated into carport
structures they provide the added benefit of clean
renewable energy production. It is recommended to
integrate PV carports into the existing San Jacinto
Campus parking areas now or when they are
modernized.
Carport PV arrays are ideal in that parking areas
offer very large footprints. This has two very
important benefits - 1) PV costs come down as
system size is increased, and 2) carport arrays can
offset significant electricity use on the Campus. This
provides a known operating cost for the Campus
for 25-30 years, in contrast to purchasing electricity
from utilities.
There are also less DSA and fire code concerns with
carport arrays compared to roof-mounted systems.
High Desert Government Center,
Carport Photovoltaic Arrays
on-site energy
Solar Photovoltaics
Ground-Mounted
Ground-mounted systems are typically most
viable at sites with large unused footprints. The
San Jacinto Campus may be a good candidate
for a ground-mounted PV system. Such systems
could be installed in the undeveloped areas of the
Campus. Ground-mounted systems are typically
less expensive than carport systems because there
are less structural requirements.
Ground-mounted PV systems also present a
unique educational opportunity. They are extremely
accessible with most being under six feet tall,
allowing for easy exploration by staff, students, and
visitors.
Ground-mounted systems are by their nature highly
visible and will reinforce the District’s sustainable
commitment to its community.
Ground-mounted systems have the least DSA and
fire code requirements of the various system types,
but may also be more susceptible to vandalism.
Energy resources
145
Energy resources
on-site energy
Solar Photovoltaics
Building Integrated (BIPV)
Building integrated photovoltiacs (BIPV) products
incorporate PV material into other required building
materials such as glazing, roof systems or facades.
BIPV products can expedite installation time,
reducing labor costs and integration concerns, such
as roof penetrations that may void a roof warranty.
BIPV may also reduce material costs by requiring
less material to be used in a given installation. For
instance, a PV facade will reduce the requirement
for a secondary facade material. BIPV can be
multifunctional, for example, when integrated with
glass it can produce power as well as provide
shading and daylighting. BIPV may also deliver
enhanced aesthetics, where the design of the PV
product has taken this into consideration.
BIPV products are best integrated into new
construction and should be considered in the
modernization phases for the San Jacinto Campus.
146
on-site energy
Solar Photovoltaics
No matter what type of solar photovoltaic system
is chosen, there are some general guidelines that
should be followed when incorporating them into the
San Jacinto Campus. A few of these, with respect
to system size, location and placement, and specific
products are given below.
General Considerations:
• perform lifecycle cost analysis to assess if PV
•
•
•
is economically favorable. Determine incentives
for PV
design buildings to be “PV ready” regardless
of whether PV can be integrated into the initial
construction. This entails proper roof orientation,
location of roof equipment such as HVAC,
running conduit and sizing electrical rooms for
inverters. This will allow PV to be integrated
when practical
determine if it is desired to own and operate
the PV system or have a third party, “power
purchase agreement” provider, own and operate
the system
plan maintenance to clean the panels once or
twice a year
Size:
• determine the size of the PV system based on
•
•
•
annual design electricity use for new buildings
and historic annual electricity use for existing
buildings
larger systems have lower installation costs, will
offset more escalating utility costs
provide greater lifecycle savings than smaller
systems
efficiency varies among PV technologies,
this means that power output will vary for a
given array area. Choose a technology with
an efficiency that provides the desired power
output if area is fixed.
Location/Placement:
• only install on roofs that are new or able to last
25-30 years – the anticipated life time of the PV
• design to achieve the optimum orientation,
which is South facing; tilt angle may vary
between 0-34 degrees, where 19 degrees is
considered optimal for incentives at the San
Jacinto Campus
• design to avoid shading by trees, surrounding
buildings, HVAC systems, and parapets
Products:
• mono-crystalline silicon PV panels have the
•
•
•
highest efficiency and thus can provide the
greatest output for a given area
poly-crystalline silicon PV panels are currently
the mostly widely available technology, resulting
in good price competition in the marketplace
unbreakable thin film panels may be preferred
in applications where vandalism is a concern
proprietary bolting systems and security
cameras may be used where theft is a concern
Energy resources
147
Energy resources
on-site energy
Wind Turbines
Wind is a form of solar energy. It is caused by the
uneven heating of the atmosphere coupled with the
irregular geography of the earth’s surface and the
rotation of the earth.
Wind turbines utilize this form of solar energy to
produce electricity. They harness wind flows to spin
an electrical generator connected to a turbine.
Unfortunately, the raw wind resource is generally
poor in urban environments where most of the
District Campuses are located. The many structures
in the path of the wind in an urban environment
break its force and also makes it turbulent. This lack
of resource typically makes the use of traditional
wind turbines on urban Campuses non-viable.
Typically, wind turbines only begin to produce power
at wind speeds of approximately 8 miles per hour
(mph). This is referred to as the “cut-in” speed. While
a wind turbine may be spinning, it typically does not
produce power below the cut-in wind speed.
Many novel wind turbine manufacturers, especially
those of vertical axis models, claim to be able to
operate in low velocity, turbulent winds. However,
field data to support these claims are lacking. These
alternative types of wind turbines should be avoided
until their creditability is proven.
The rated power output for a wind turbine may be at
wind speeds in excess of 20 mph. Wind is typically
considered viable only for sites with average wind
speeds in excess of 15 mph.
It is not thought that wind power will be feasible at
the San Jacinto Campus. This conclusion is based
on low average wind speeds found in the urban
environment of the Campus.
148
ON-SITE ENERGY
Wind Turbines
If wind power generation is to be considered at
the San Jacinto Campus, there are some general
guidelines that should be followed. A few of these,
with respect to system size, location and placement,
and specific products are given below.
General Considerations:
Location/Placement:
• perform lifecycle cost analysis to assess if wind
• determine if a viable wind resource is available
•
•
•
•
power is economically favorable. Determine
available incentives and ongoing maintenance
and operations needs
the moving parts of the wind turbine will require
maintenance and may produce unacceptable
levels of noise
avoid casting blade shadows on buildings and
public spaces
determine a site that will accommodate
installation and service of the turbine.
determine if DSA requirements can be met
at the specific site of interest
• be aware that urban development inhibits wind
availability especially closer to the ground plane
• understand that wind turbines may need to be
•
raised to significant heights to capture strong
winds; this may have aesthetic implications
avoid installing wind turbines on buildings as
their associated vibrations can damage the
building and create noise issues within the
building
Products:
Size:
• Turbine power scales with blade area
• Turbine installations should be
• choose turbines backed by a good warranty
sized
from a reputable turbine manufacturer with a
long history of installations
appropriately for the Campus load.
Wal-mart Supercenter in Aurora, CO,
On-Site Wind Turbine
Energy resources
149
Energy resources
150
ON-SITE ENERGY
Other Systems
Solar thermal systems directly use the sun’s heat to
provide renewable thermal energy. These systems
can be used to provide space heating, domestic hot
water or heating for swimming pools. Currently, it is
not thought that this technology is viable for the San
Jacinto Campus.
Combined heat and power (CHP), is the
simultaneous generation of electricity and heating
energy. CHP typically uses natural gas as a fuel
source and many technologies such as microturbines, reciprocating engines or fuel cells can be
used to provide CHP. CHP results in high system
efficiencies, low emissions and may result in lower
cost energy than that derived from gas and electric
utilities.
Because of the lack of consistent, 24/7, thermal
loads CHP is not thought to be viable to employ at
the San Jacinto Campus. In the future, however,
this may change if gas costs significantly decrease
relative to utility electricity costs.
Since there is some potential for these other on-site
energy systems to be utilized at the San Jacinto
Campus in the future, the technologies are briefly
described below. Ways in which they could possibly
be used on the site as well as general guidelines for
utilization are also given.
CSU East Bay Recreation and Wellness Center,
Trombe Wall
ON-SITE ENERGY
Other Systems
Solar Thermal
Solar thermal technology is used to heat water or
air via the sun’s radiant energy, with zero fuel cost.
Solar thermal can thus be used to avoid volatile fuel
costs. The main applications for solar thermal are for
pool heating, domestic hot water or space heating.
In addition to being sustainable and renewable,
solar thermal technology has low maintenance
requirements and silent operation. It also has a long
service life and incentives are available.
Solar thermal is mostly utilized at the Campus for
pool heating. If the San Jacinto Campus integrates
a pool, solar thermal should be considered. Solar
thermal can be used to preheat water to an existing
pool heater. This would reduce gas costs while
allowing heating requirements to be met during
times of low solar availability.
Depending on the application, different solar thermal
technologies can be used to heat water to different
temperatures ranges.
Extruded mat technology can reach 0-18oF above
ambient temperature. Assuming an ambient
temperature of 70oF, this technology can achieve
water temperatures of 88oF and thus, can be used
to heat swimming pools.
Flat plate technology can reach 18-90oF above
ambient temperature. Assuming an ambient
temperature of 70oF, this technology can achieve
water temperatures of 88-160oF and thus, can be
used to heat swimming pools or provide domestic
hot water.
Evacuated tube technology can reach more than
90oF above ambient temperature. Assuming an
ambient temperature of 70oF, this technology can
achieve water temperatures of more than 160oF and
thus, can be used to heat swimming pools, provide
domestic hot water or space heating.
The extruded mat is the cheapest of the solar
thermal technologies and could be used to meet
pool heating requirements. Because this technology
is less efficient than the others it will require a larger
area for a given thermal output. Also, since it directly
heats the water used in the application versus using
a heat exchanger, it can have trouble with hard
water deposits restricting water flow over time.
However, due to the strong solar resource
surrounding the San Jacinto Campus, solar thermal
may be considered if gas prices are high and a
Campus hot water loop exists as part of a central
plant.
If solar thermal technology use at the San Jacinto
Campus is determined viable, there are several
considerations that should be made prior to
installation. Large areas must be set aside to
capture significant heat.
Controls must also be installed to avoid freezing and
over-heating. Panels with glass, such as flat plate
and evacuated tube, are susceptible to vandalism
and should be protected.
Additionally, it should be noted that systems may
take many years to pay for themselves with energy
savings and incentives are not currently available
for pool heating applications.
If area is limited in a pool heating application, then
flat plate collectors may be used. It is thought that
evacuated tube and parabolic trough collectors will
be cost prohibitive compared to the aforementioned
technologies.
Wal-mart Supercenter in Aurora, CO,
Solar Wall
Energy resources
151
Energy resources
152
ON-SITE ENERGY
Other Systems
Combined Heat and Power
On-site energy systems that simultaneously produce
electrical and useful thermal energy are known as
combined heat and power systems (CHP). CHP
can be used to offset purchases of both electricity
and gas from utilities. CHP systems include gas
turbines, reciprocating engines, and fuel cells.
CHP systems produce two useful products, heat
and power, maximizing their system efficiency by
recovering the maximum amount of energy. Their
efficiencies are typically greater than utility-based
power plants, which only provide electricity while
dumping the heat into the atmosphere or bodies
of water. This can make CHP systems more cost
effective to utilize than purchasing both electricity
and heating fuel from utilities.
CHP systems are typically only cost competitive
when there are constant thermal and electric
demands at a site that are greater than the system’s
capacity. Because thermal loads are diurnal for most
building types without permanent occupancy, it may
be difficult to find cost effective applications for CHP
within the San Jacinto Campus.
CHP systems can also operate on renewable fuels
such as biomass. This is commonly implemented at
waste water treatment plants and landfills, using the
bio-gas produced by the bacteria breaking down the
waste. Biomass sourced fuels are not thought to be
readily available at the San Jacinto Campus.
An alternative to CHP is combined cooling, heat
and power (CCHP). In this approach, some or all
of the waste heat can be captured and used to run
an absorption chiller, which can produce cooling.
However, absorption chillers are more expensive,
require larger footprints, may have cooling outputs
less than that stated on their nameplates and
have greater maintenance requirements than
conventional DX air cooling. It is not thought that
CCHP is viable within San Jacinto Campus, due to
lack of constant cooling loads.
ON-SITE ENERGY
Other Systems
Combined Heat and Power:
Gas Micro-Turbines
Micro-gas turbines (MTG) produce electricity and
heat by combustion of natural gas, propane or
diesel. These systems allow for combined heat and
power (CHP) or combined cooling, heat and power
(CCHP).
Unlike other intermittent renewable energy sources,
they can provide continuous power output and have
a greater power output per unit area than fuel cells
or renewables, so more power can be generated
from a given footprint. Emissions are typically lower
than for reciprocating engines.
There are additional considerations that should be
made if MTG systems are desired, these include
exposure to volatile natural gas prices, noise levels
that typically require installations to be indoors,
significant maintenance requirements and lack of
incentives for systems operating on non-renewable
gas sources.
In comparison to other CHP technologies, MTG’s
are typically more expensive than reciprocating
engines and less expensive than fuel cells.
Despite the benefits, these units are typically
only cost competitive with utilities when they are
operated continuously and capture and utilize the
waste heat. It is likely that the San Jacinto Campus
does not have the continuous thermal loads to make
this technology viable.
Energy resources
153
Energy resources
ON-SITE ENERGY
Other Systems
Combined Heat and Power:
Reciprocating Engines
Reciprocating engines produce electricity and heat
by combustion of natural gas, propane, gasoline
or diesel. They allow for combined heat and power
(CHP) or combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP).
They can provide continuous power output, unlike
intermittent renewable energy sources.
Reciprocating engines have low capital costs versus
MTG’s and fuel cells and come in a greater variety
of power classes. Maintenance on these systems is
routine and providers are abundant.
Reciprocating engines are typically only cost
competitive with utilities when they are operated
continuously and capture and utilize the waste
heat. It is likely that the San Jacinto Campus does
not have the continuous thermal loads to make this
technology viable.
There are additional considerations that should be
made if reciprocating engines are desired, these
include exposure to volatile fossil fuel prices,
noise levels that typically require installations to be
indoors, significant maintenance requirements and
lack of incentives for systems operating on nonrenewable gas sources. Because many systems
do not meet air quality requirements for continuous
use, emissions and run time should be carefully
considered before a system is selected.
154
ON-SITE ENERGY
Other Systems
Combined Heat and Power:
Fuel Cells
Fuel cells produce electricity and heat by direct
electrochemical processes and typically have
higher electrical efficiencies than combustion based
technology such as gas turbines and reciprocating
engines.
Fuel cells allows for combined heat and power (CHP)
or combined cooling, heat and power (CCHP).
They can provide continuous power output, unlike
intermittent renewable energy sources.
Fuel cells are almost silent with near zero pollutant
emissions. They typically have higher electrical
efficiencies than gas turbines or reciprocating
engines, so their fuel costs are lower per unit of
electricity production. Incentives are available for
fuel cells.
Fuel cells are typically only cost competitive with
utilities when they are operated continuously and
capture and utilize the waste heat. It is likely that the
San Jacinto Campus does not have the continuous
thermal loads to make this technology viable.
Fuel cells may be considered if gas prices are low
and a Campus hot water loop exists as part of a
central plant.
There are additional considerations that should
be made if fuel cells are desired, these include
exposure to volatile fossil fuel prices and significant
maintenance requirements. Fuel cells have larger
footprints than gas turbines or reciprocating engines
for a given power output and there are also fewer
power size options to choose from.
In comparison to other CHP technologies, fuel
cells are typically more expensive than MTG’s and
reciprocating engines. However, incentives for fuel
cells may offset this difference.
Energy resources
155
energy resources
incentiVes and reBates
introduction
To encourage the implementation of on-site energy
technologies incentives are available from local,
state, and federal governments, as well as from gas
and electric utilities. These entities offer financial
assistance in the form of incentives, rebates, lowinterest loans, grants and bonds.
These incentives make these technologies more
economically attractive. However, these incentives
are continuously evolving and so should be
investigated to determine which are applicable when
on-site energy system installations are of interest.
California Department of Public Health
U.S. Department of the Interiors, Bureau of Reclamation
Combined heat and Power Partnership
California Department of Water Resources
Recovery.gov
Southern. California Edison
U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
The Gas Company
California Energy Commission
California Housing and Community Development
The Solar
California EPA, Water Resources Control Board
iBank
Go Solar California
California Financing Coordinating Committee
California Water Boards
Emerging Renewables Program Rebates
Self-Generation Incentive Program
may 5, 2010
California Department of Water Resources
California Public Utilities Commission
156
Incentives and rebates
Programs
Although funding sources for on-site energy systems
are highly dynamic, there has been consistent
commitment by the State of California, the Federal
Government and the gas and electric utilities. These
incentives and rebates can partially offset the direct
purchase cost of on-site energy systems. Examples
include:
• Self Generation Incentive Program
- Wind and Fuel cells
• California Solar Initiative
- Solar Photovoltaic and Solar Thermal
• State Energy Program
- Various Technologies
• Emerging Renewables Programs
- Wind and Fuel Cells
• CREST Program
- Solar PV
• Renewable Energy Credits
- Various Technologies
• Renewable Energy Production Incentive
- Various Technologies
Santiago Canyon College, Learning Resource Center,
Vertical Fins
Energy resources
157
energy resources
158
incentiVes and reBates
federal incentives
In the case of a PPA, a third party owns, operates
and maintains the on-site energy system and
sells the electricity and/or heat to the District at a
fixed price with or without escalation. This may be
achieved at rates less than those of utilities and thus
provide a positive cash flow opportunity.
However, before committing to such agreements,
they should be scrutinized in detail through a
lifecycle cost analysis. Various procurement
methods as they pertain to solar PV systems and
the major considerations for them are compared in
the following table.
comparison of on-site energy project delivery
methods:
procurement methods
major
considerations
In some cases, specific incentives are only available
for federally taxed entities such as corporations
and not directly available to public entities such
as the District. These incentives can be indirectly
accessed, however, through a third party such as
a power purchase agreement (PPA) provider or a
lease provider that can monetize federal tax credits
and deductions.
Upfront Capital
Maintenance Required
Performance Risk
System Expertise Required
Purchase Required
Buying
Leasing
Solar PPA
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Little or None
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes or Re-Lease
None
None
None
None
None
Examples of federal tax incentives for on-site
energy systems are detailed below:
There are also federal bond programs that can be
utilized. These are listed below:
• Business Energy Investment Tax Credit
• Clean Renewable Energy Bonds
• Modified Accelerated Cost-Recovery System
• Qualified Energy Conservation Bonds
- Various Technologies
- Various Technologies
- Various Technologies
- Various Technologies
signage
introduction
purpose
goals
sign Legend
The purpose of the San Jacinto Campus Signage
Guidelines is to establish a comprehensive
identification and way finding system for the
Campus.
Reinforcing the Campus identity will help to create
a memorable Campus experience and will serve to
foster and strengthen a positive perception of the
Campus.
The signage types produces a clear and concise
program to define the Campus boundaries,
and efficiently and safely directs people to their
destinations.
The ultimate goal of the signage guidelines is to
ensure that a user clearly understands how to
navigate on Campus. Signage along the Campus
perimeter helps strengthen the Campus presence
in the community. San Jacinto Campus has the
advantage of frontage along State Street. The street
edge provides the Campus visibility to commuters.
Buildings along this western edge have the potential
to act as a billboard, demonstrating higher education
principles and conveying the energy of Campus life.
The Campus wayfinding system can be improved
by establishing consistent and intuitive signage.
The elements in creating consistent signage rely
heavily on style typography, color, scale, materials,
and placement. The visitor’s experience will be
enhanced by key placement of directional signs.
Using appropriate sign scales and sign locations
will maximize identity and legibility of signage.
Establishing a consistent hierachy of sign types
and messages will create an intuitive, user-friendly
signage system. All signage shall be designed to
meet local, state, and national codes.
The signage is organized into categories for an
intuitive and hierarchal system.
Signage systems should be designed to be easily
changed, updated and/or replaced. This will help
facilitate maintenance, repair, reprogramming and
replacement. This is achieved by creating modular
sign systems.
type
category
a
marquee/ Led sign
B
monument sign
c
Vehicular directional signs
D ParkingIdentificationSigns
e
pedestrian directional signs
F BuildingIdentificationSigns
g
information Kiosk
signage
161
Signage
Campus signs
Type A - Marquee / LED Sign
Type B - Monument Sign
Type E - Pedestrian Directional Sign
162
campus signs
plan
Photovoltaic solar panels (8),
Sun Power 315
15’-6”
Photovoltaic solar panels (8),
Sunpower 315
Tube steel support frame,
painted white
6’-0”
elevation
14’-0”
5’-2”
Metal panel frame,
Kynar finish
7’ - 8” x 5’ - 2”,
Bright LED color display
22’-8”
7’-6”
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, silver
4’-0”
The marquee sign will be located at primary Campus
entrances to create a presence along the Campus
edges in the community.
11’-8”
marquee / Led sign
type a
Metal panel, Kynar finish
4” concrete base
12” high pin mounted metal letters
signage
163
signage
164
campus signs
monument sign
type B
plan
The monument sign will be located at secondary
Campus entrances to designate entry nodes.
7’-0”
26’-0”
5’-8”
elevation
Metal panel, Kynar finish
8’-0”
1’-0”
Optional 12” LED display
4’-0”
18’-8”
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, silver
4” concrete base
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, Palomar red
12” high pin mounted metal letters
campus signs
Vehicular directional signs
type c1 & c2
The vehicular directional signs will be located at
each parking facility to direct traffic.
c1 plan
c2 plan
1’-4”
2’-0”
c1 elevation
8’-9”
c2 elevation
1.75” high pin mounted metal letters
1’-6”
4’-6”
2’-0”
5’-6”
6”
3” high pin mounted metal letters
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, gray
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, Palomar red
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, gray
1’-6” concrete base
2” concrete base
signage
165
signage
campus signs
ParkingIdentificationSigns
type d1 & d2
Parking identification signs will make it easier for
visitors to locate their vehicles on Campus. They
will also help direct pedestrians on Campus towards
their destination.
d2 elevation
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, Palomar red
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, gray
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, gray
7’-1”
11’-0”
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, Palomar red
8”
10”
6’-10”
15’-0”
3’-3”
7’-4”
d1 elevation
166
campus signs
pedestrian directional sign
type e1 & e2
6”
6”
plan
2’-6”
10”
elevation
1.75” decal letters
4’-10”
6”
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, Palomar red
5’-6”
The pedestrian directional signs serve to point
people to and from buildings on the main Campus.
They are also located in front of each building
entrance.
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, gray
3” pin mounted
metal letters
2” concrete base
signage
167
signage
BuiLding signs
BuildingIdentificationSigns
type f
Each building will have building identification signs
indicating the number and name. They will be
placed at all entry ways.
proposed
6”
4”
existing
pin mounted metal letters
168
KiosKs
information Kiosk
type g
The information kiosks will be located throughout the
Campus for students to reference building locations
and proximity.
plan
elevation
Tube steel structure,
2” dia. pipe, painted white
Tube steel support frame,
painted white
Tube steel structure,
2” dia. pipe, painted white
Photovoltaic solar panels (4),
SunPower 315
Tube steel support frame,
painted white
4’-0”
2’-5”
Side drain
9’-6”
10’-8”
1’-2”
2’-0”
7’-0”
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, gray
Photovoltaic solar panels (4),
SunPower 315
Metal panel frame,
Kynar finish, Palomar red
Tackable surface board
4” concrete base
Metal panel,
Kynar finish, gray
Metal panel frame,
Kynar finish, Palomar red
signage
169
Signage
type face
SAN JACINTO Campus
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890
Typeface: Helvetica Bold
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz
1234567890
Typeface: Helvetica Regular
170