IN 0023 Rev 6
April 2016
THERMAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS
POLARIS POPULAR
NON CORRODABLE ELECTRIC IMMERSION HEATER
CHEMICAL RESISTANCE CHART
IMPORTANT
The following information is intended as a guide for the use of the Polaris Popular Electric Heater in various
chemical solutions. It is based on information gathered from various sources which are believed to be
reliable and is intended for use by persons having technical skill and at their own discretion and risk.
We make no warranties expressed or implied and can assume no liability in connection with the use of this
information since various factors outside our control may affect suitability of materials in particular
situations.
Although the table may indicate satisfactory service for individual chemicals, certain combinations may
have adverse effects upon the heater.
For chemical solutions not indicated in the table or any questionable use, always consult the manufacturer
or your own chemical supplier.
Please also refer to the installation and operating instructions issued with the heater
Specific Notes:
1. Electroless Plating Solutions
Certain solutions eg electroless Ni and Cu will
necessitate regular acid Stripping to remove metal deposition from the heater.
2. High Specific Gravity (S.G) And High Viscosity Solutions
All standard Braude
Polaris heaters have a watt density of approx. 1w/cm2. Where the heater is to be used in a
solution which has an S.G of between 1.4 and 1.8 a Low Watt Density (LWD) heater
should be used.
3. High pH Solutions All standard Braude Polaris heaters are predominately manufactured
from Fluoropolymer and PVDF materials. Where they are to be used in a solution with a pH
of above 11, at elevated temperatures, it is recommended that a Popular PS unit with
either Polypropylene or PTFE frames are used.
4. Hexavalent Chromic Acid Hexavalent chromic acid has a severe effect on
Polypropylene which is present on all standard heater leads (braid) and therefore a ‘CA’
type heater should be specified when ordering.
5. Phosphating and other deposit generating solutions
regular intervals to remove deposits.
the heater will need cleaning at
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THERMAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS
Materials of construction:
The Popular heater uses high integrity polymers throughout.
Heating cable:
Frame ribs and yoke:
Rod:
Cable sleeving
Hanger:
Teflon (PTFE/PFA)
PVDF
PVDF on standard, PP on PS unit.
PP on standard, Teflon on CA unit.
PTFE sleeved
Please confirm with your chemical supplier the suitability of the materials of construction.
THE FOLLOWING CHEMICAL SOLUTIONS ARE SATISFACTORY WITHIN THE LIMITS SHOWN AND
UNLESS OTHERWISE INDICATED A MAXIMUM OPERATING TEMPERATURE OF 100C CAN BE
TOLERATED.
Acetic Acid – CH3 COOH
Acetic Acid – CH3 COOH
Concentration
where stated, w/w.
97% TO 80°C
80% TO 100°C
Aluminium Chloride – AICI3
Aluminium Fluoride – AIF3
Aluminium Nitrate – AI(NO3 )3
Aluminium Sulphate – AI2 (SO4 )3
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Ammonium Fluoride – NH4 F
Ammonium Chloride – NH4 CI
Ammonium Hydroxide – NH4 OH
Ammonium
Ammonium nitrate – NH4 N03
25% to 60°C
Saturated
50% to 50°C
10% to 100°C
Saturated
Ammonium sulphate – (NH4 )2 SO4
Saturated
Barium Chloride – BaCI2
Boric Acid – H3 BO3
Cadmium Fluoroborate – Cd(BF4 )2
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Calcium Chloride – CaCI2
Calcium Nitrate – Ca(NO3 )2
Chemical Blacking
Chromic Acid – CrO3 +H2O
Saturated
50%
Chemical
Notes
See note 5 above
See note 5 above
* See Note
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THERMAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS
Copper Chloride – CuCI2
Copper Cyanide – CuCN2
Copper Fluoride – CuF2
Copper Nitrate (Cu(NO3 )2
Copper Sulphate – CuSO4
Deionised Water
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
See note 1 above
See note 1 above
Electroless Copper Plating
Electroless Nickel Plating
Ferric Chloride – FeCI3
Ferric Nitrate – Fe(NO3 )3
Ferric Phosphate – FePO4
Ferric Sulphate – Fe2 (SO4 )3
Ferrous Chloride – FeCI2
Ferrous Phosphate – Fe3 (PO4 )2
Ferrous Sulphate – FeSO4
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Fluoroboric Acid – HBF4
Fluorosilicic Acid – H2 SiF6
100%
50%
Gold/Silver Plating Solutions
Hydrochloric Acid – HCI
Hydrofluoric Acid – HF
30% at 60°C
10% at 100°C
20% at 60°C
60% at 40°C
Hydrogen Peroxide – H2 02
Lead Fluoroborate – Pb(BF4)2Saturated
30% at 75°C
Magnesium Chloride – MgCI2
Magnesium Nitrate – Mg(NO3 )2
Magnesium Sulphate – MgSO4
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
Mercury Chloride – HgCI2
Mercury Nitrate – Hg(NO3 )2
Saturated
Nickel Chloride – NiCI2
Saturated
See note 5 above
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THERMAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS
Nickel Nitrate – Ni(NO3 )2
Nickel Sulphate – NiSO4
Saturated
Saturated
Nitric Acid – HNO3
Nitric Acid – HNO3
Nitric Acid – HNO3
60% at 25°C
20% at 60°C
10% at 100°C
Specify CA unit
Specify CA unit
Specify CA unit
Organic compounds and solvents
Refer to chemical supplier
Phosphating solutions eg Fe, Zn, Mn
See note 5 above
For high SG or viscous solutions always
specify Popular LWD
Phosphoric Ortho-Acid – H3 PO4
85%
Refer to your chemical supplier
Plating Solutions – Commercial
Potassium Bromide – KBr
Potassium Carbonate – K2 CO3
Potassium Chlorate – KCIO3
Potassium Chloride – KCI
Potassium Cyanide – KCN
Potassium Dichromate – K2 Cr2 O7
Potassium Ferrocyanide – K4 Fe(CN)6
Potassium Hydroxide – KOH
Potassium Nitrate – KNO3
Potassium Permanganate – KMnO4
Potassium Sulphate – K2 SO4
50%
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
40%
Saturated
50% to 50°C
Saturated
20% **
Saturated
Silver Cyanide – AgCN
Silver Nitrate – AgNO3
Saturated
Saturated
Sodium Carbonate – Na2 Co3
Sodium Chlorate – NaCIO3
Sodium Chloride – NaCI
Sodium Cyanide – NaCN
Sodium Fluoride – NaF
Sodium Hydroxide – NaOH
Sodium Hydroxide – NaOH
Sodium Nitrate – NaNO3
Sodium Nitrite – NaNO2
Sodium Sulphate – Na2 SO4
Sodium Sulphate – NaSO3
Sulphuric Acid – H 2SO4
Saturated
50%
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated to 60°C
50% to 50°C
10% to 100°C
50%
50%
Saturated
Saturated
75%
pH>11 see note3 above
pH>11 see note3 above
pH>11 see note3 above
pH>11 see note3 above
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THERMAL PROCESS EQUIPMENT SPECIALISTS
Some surfactants may be highly viscous,
please refer to your chemical supplier
Surfactants
TinStannic Chloride – SnCI4
Tin Saturated
Tin Stannous Chloride – SnCI2
Tin Stannous Fluoroborate – Sn(BF4 )2
Tin Sulphate – SnSO4
Saturated
Zinc Chloride – ZnCI2
Zinc Nitrate – Zn(NO3 )2
Zinc Phosphate – Zn3 (PO4)2
Zinc Sulphate – ZnSO4
Saturated
50%
Saturated
Saturated
Saturated
See note 5 above
For further advice please contact our technical department: [email protected]
E. BRAUDE (LONDON) LTD
LIBERTA HOUSE, SCOTLAND HILL SANDHURST GU47 8JR
Tel: + 44 (0)1252 876123
Fax: + 44(0)1252 875281
www.braude.co.uk
[email protected]