Chapter 8
Age Measurements
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
94
Cosmology WS 2010/2011
Uranium-234
Uranium-238
!
4.5 billion years
!
"
Natural decay series:
240,000 years
1.2 minutes
U
238
Protactinium-234m
"
24 days
Thorium-230
!
Z (proton number)
Thorium-234
77,000 years
Radium-226
!
1,600 years
NOTES:
!"#$%&'()*%$! +,-$" .,-./+0#$+*1"+$+,-$(#0+$
-#/+&2$+,-$0"#$0.'#%$%")3,$+4#$"+*56*.7#%8$$
9,$+%0#4.%:$.,-./+0#%$0"+0$0"#$.%)0)1#$.%$+*%)$
+$%.;,.5./+,0$;+''+$#'.00#48$$
<4+,.='6>?@$+*%)$-#/+&%$(&$%1),0+,#)=%$
5.%%.),8
A (mass number)
Radon-222
!
3.8 days
Polonium-218
!
! 160 microseconds
3.1 minutes
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
!
"
"
20 minutes
5.0 days
140 days
Bismuth-210
Bismuth-214*
Lead-214*
Polonium-210
Polonium-214
"
"
27 minutes
22 years
Lead-210
Lead-206 (stable)
95
Cosmology WS 2006/2007
NOTES:
Uranium-235*
!
700 million years
Natural decay series:
!"#$%&'()*%$! +,-$" .,-./+0#$+*1"+$+,-$(#0+$
-#/+&2$+,-$0"#$0.'#%$%")3,$+4#$"+*56*.7#%8$$
9,$+%0#4.%:$.,-./+0#%$0"+0$0"#$.%)0)1#$.%$+*%)$
+$%.;,.5./+,0$;+''+$#'.00#48$$
Protactinium-231*
"
!
U
235
33,000 years
26 hours
Thorium-231
!
"
Actinium-227
!
Z (proton number)
Thorium-227*
19 days
22 years
(99%)
22 years
(1%)
Radium-223*
!
"
11 days
22 minutes
Francium-223*
Radon-219*
!
4.0 seconds
A (mass number)
Polonium-215
!
1.8 milliseconds
Bismuth-211*
!
"
2.1 minutes
36 minutes
Lead-211*
Lead-207 (stable)
"
4.8 minutes
Thallium-207
FIGURE
N.2 Natural
Series: Uranium-235
Karl-Heinz
Kampert
– Univ.Decay
Wuppertal
96
Cosmology WS 2006/2007
10
11
All data (34 – 47)
All acid-washed fragments and fines (34 – 45)
4569.2
4567.4
A Clock in the Rock
0.4
1.1
207
Pb/
206
Pb
o conformates are
y secFig. 1. Pb-Pb
Efremovka CAI E49
for the six mo
0.648
he Pb
Age = 4567.17 ± 0.70 Ma
genic Pb isoto
during
MSWD = 0.88
yses of aci
ed by
0.644
chondrules fro
nd the
chondrite Ac
Efremovka CAI E60
chondrules were
extracted
ly ap(solid
line),
=
4567.4
±
1.1
Ma
Age
0.640
from meteorites
(46).
acid-washed
MSWD = 1.09
from the E
w that
materials with CAIs
the (dashed
0.636
mably
207
206
Pb/
Pb r
same
age
will
fall
e peak
not corrected
eration
along a single line:
0.632
common Pb.
ed out
lipses
are 2%.
Tsol.sys. = 4.565
Byrs
eralogage errors a
0.628
Acfer 059 chondrules
confidence int
nature
Age = 4564.66 ± 0.63 Ma
Is (35,
MSWD = 0.51
0.624
ous alate of
spond
0.620
0.000
0.001
0.002
0.003
0.004
0.005
e pris204
206
Is E60
Pb/
Pb
ofAmelin
E60 et al, Science 297 (2002) 1678
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
97
Cosmology WS 2010/2011
Globular Cluster M13
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
98
Cosmology WS 2010/2011
Globular Cluster M13
Grove Creek
Observatory
Australia
Lowell
Observatory
1.1 m telescope
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
99
Cosmology WS 2010/2011
Hertzsprung-Russel Diagram: global view
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
100
Cosmology WS 2010/2011
Hertzspung-Russel Diagram
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
101
Cosmology WS 2010/2011
HRD of Globular Cluster 47 Tuc
distance ~100 pc ; diameter in the sky ~ full moon ; seen near SMC ; m = 4.03
T ≈ 12 Byrs
Karl-Heinz Kampert – Univ. Wuppertal
102
Cosmology WS 2010/2011
White Dwarfs in M4
TGal. Disc ~ (9.5±2) Byrs
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103
Cosmology WS 2010/2011