CH 3 States of Matter
3.1 Solids, Liquids, and Gases
Phases of Matter
Phase
Arrangement
of Particles
& picture
Forces of
Attraction and
Shape
Volume
Behavior of
Particles
Solids
Liquids
Gases
Other States of Matter
____________________ = phase of matter that exists at extremely
____________________ temperatures, such as those found on the
____________________. 99% of matter in the ____________________ exists
in this phase that is not common on Earth.
___________________ = phase of matter that exists at extremely
____________________ temperatures (BEC). At temperatures near
____________________, atoms behave as though they were a single particle.
____________________ predicted this 5th phase of matter decades before it
was ever discovered.
Kinetic Theory
____________________ energy = the energy an object has due to its
____________________.
The Kinetic Theory of Matter states:
_________________________________________________________________
_____
Kinetic Theory of Gases:
*Particles in a gas are in ____________________, ____________________
motion
*The motion of one particle is unaffected by the motion of other particles unless
the particles ____________________
*Forces of ____________________ among particles in a gas can be
____________________ under ordinary conditions
3.2 The Gas Laws
Pressure
Pressure = the result of a ____________________ distributed over
an ____________________.
SI unit of pressure is the ____________________ = N/m2 , kPa =
1000 Pa
____________________between particles of a
____________________ amount of gas and the walls of the
container cause pressure.
Factors that affect gas pressure:
*____________________: Raising the temperature of a gas
will ____________________ its pressure if the__________________
and number of ____________________ are constant.
*____________________: Reducing the volume of a gas will
____________________ its pressure if the ____________________
and number of ____________________ are constant.
How does the movement of your rib cage affect the volume of your
chest cavity? Draw sketches of Inhaling and Exhaling and show how
gas moves:
Inhaling
Exhaling
*____________________: Increasing the number of particles
of a gas will ____________________ its pressure if the
____________________ and ____________________ are constant.
Charles Gas Law
Volume of a gas is ____________________ proportional to its
____________________ (if the pressure and number of particles of
gas are constant)
EX:
Boyles Gas Law
Volume of a gas is ____________________ proportional to its
____________________ (if the temp and number of particles are
constant)
EX:
3.3 Phase Changes
Characteristics of a phase change
A phase change is a ____________________ physical change that
occurs when a substance changes from one state of matter to
another.
Temperature and phase changes
The temperature of a substance does not ____________________
during a phase change.
Energy and phase changes
During a phase change, ____________________ is transferred
between a substance and its surroundings.
The ____________________ of the transfer depends on the type of
change. Energy is either ____________________ or
____________________ during a phase change.
During an ____________________ change, the system
____________________ energy from its surroundings.
The heat of ____________________ for water is 334 joules, which is
the amount of energy one gram of ice absorbs as it melts. This
varies from substance to substance.
Examples:_______________________________________________
During a ____________________ change, the system
____________________ energy to its surroundings.
Examples:_______________________________________________
Phase Change Chart
Phase Change
Freezing
Melting
Condensation
Description &
picture
example
Energy
Absorbed or
Released
Endothermic or Arrangement
Exothermic
of Particles
Vaporization
Deposition
Sublimation