APPLIED SCIENCE 230
MS Word
The following shows some features of MS Word that you will find useful in the years to come. It
consists of a random selection of items, each of which illustrates a particular feature of Word.
Links to pages showing how the feature was implemented are provided.
This document will change with time, so stay tuned.
SOMETHING LIGHT AND EASY
When you think you're having a bad day . . .
This is a bricklayer's accident report, reprinted with the man's permission in the newsletter of the
British equivalent of the Workers' Compensation Board. .1 Footnotes
"Dear Sir/madam,
I am writing in response to your request for additional information in Block 3 of the
accident report form. I put "Poor planning" as the cause of my accident. You asked for a
fuller explanation and I trust the following details will be sufficient.
As my record indicates, I am a bricklayer by trade. On the day of the accident, I was
working alone on the roof of a new six-storey hotel. When I completed my work, I found
I had some bricks left over which, when weighed later, were found to be slightly in
excess of 500 lbs. Rather than carry the bricks down by hand, I decided to lower them in
a barrel by using a pulley, which was attached to the side of the building on the sixth
floor.
Securing the rope at ground level, I went up to the roof, swung the barrel out and loaded
the bricks into it. Then I went down and untied the rope, holding it tightly to ensure a
slow descent of the bricks. You will note in Block 11 of the accident report form that I
weigh 135 lbs. Due to my surprise at being jerked off the ground so suddenly, I lost my
presence of mind and forgot to let go of the rope.
Needless to say, I proceeded at a rapid rate up the side of the building. In the vicinity of
the third floor, I met the barrel which was now proceeding downward at an equally
impressive speed. This explains the fractured skull, minor abrasions and the broken
collarbone, as listed in Section 3 of the accident report form. Slowed only slightly, I
continued my rapid ascent, not stopping until the fingers of my right hand were two
knuckles deep into the pulley. Fortunately by this time I had regained my presence of
mind and was able to hold tightly to the rope, in spite of the immense pain I was now
beginning to experience.
1
Note the clarity of this description. The written and spoken eloquence of the English people, regardless of their
education or social status, is quite amazing.
Applied Science 230
MS Word
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Headers and Footers
At approximately the same time, however, the barrel hit the ground and the bottom fell
out. Now devoid of the bricks, the barrel weighed approximately 50 lbs. I refer you again
to my weight. As you might imagine, began a rapid descent down the side of the
building. In the vicinity of the third floor, I met the barrel coming up. This accounts for
the two fractured ankles, broken tooth and severe lacerations of my legs and lower body.
Here my luck began to change slightly. The encounter with the barrel seemed to slow me
enough to lessen my injuries when I fell into the pile of bricks and fortunately only three
vertebrae were cracked. I am sorry to report, however, as I lay there on the pile of bricks,
in pain and unable to move, again lost my presence of mind and let go of the rope. I could
only lay there to watch the empty barrel begin its journey back down onto me. This
explains the two broken legs.
I hope this assists with your inquiry."
SOME DENSER STUFF
A paper recycling company converts newspaper, mixed paper, white office paper, and cardboard
into pulp for newsprint, packaging paper, and print stock quality paper. The following table
summarizes the yield for each kind of pulp recovered from each tonne of recycled material.
Tables
Recycling Yield (Pulp)
Newsprint Packaging Print Stock
85%
80%
Newspaper
90%
80%
70%
Mixed Paper
90%
85%
80%
White Office Paper
80%
70%
Cardboard
For instance, a tonne of newspaper can be recycled using a technique that yields 0.85 tonnes of
newsprint pulp. Alternatively, a tonne of newspaper can be recycled using another technique to
yield 0.80 tonnes of packaging paper pulp. Similarly, a tonne of cardboard can be recycled to
yield 0.80 tonnes of newsprint pulp or 0.70 tonnes of packaging paper pulp. Newspaper and
cardboard cannot be converted into print stock pulp using the techniques available to the
recycler.
The cost of processing each tonne of raw material into the various types of pulp is given in the
table below. Also given is the purchase cost per tonne of raw material and the amounts available.
Processing Cost per Tonne
Newsprint Packaging Print Stock
$6.50
$11.00
Newspaper
$9.75
$12.25
$9.50
Mixed Paper
$4.75
$7.75
$8.50
White Office Paper
$7.50
$8.50
Cardboard
Cost per
Tonne
$15
$16
$19
$17
Tonnes
Available
600
500
300
400
Applied Science 230
MS Word
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The recycler would like to determine the least costly way to produce 500 tonnes of newsprint
pulp, 600 tonnes of packaging paper pulp, and 300 tonnes of print stock quality pulp.
a) Create a spreadsheet model for this problem and find the minimum total cost of
producing the required amounts of pulp. Produce a Sensitivity report.
b) Determine the sensitivity of the total cost to the unit costs of processing. Which
processing costs are most critical?
Formulation
This is known as a linear programming problem. It will be formulated below. If you want to
know how to solve such problems, wait until next year when you are in APSC 330 and it will be
part of your homework.2
Let pij be the processing cost for the ith raw material into the jth product where
Equations
1
2

i=
3
4
Newspaper
Mixed Paper
White Office Paper
1 Newsprint

j = 2 Packaging
3 Print Stock

Cardboard
Let ci be the cost of purchasing one tonne of the ith raw material and let t ij be the number of
tonnes of the ith raw material processed into the jth product. The problem is formulated
mathematically as: Determine t ij to minimize the total cost TC:
4
3
4
3
i =1
j =1
Minimize TC = ∑∑ pij t ij + ∑ ci ∑ t ij
i =1 j =1
3
subject to
∑t
j =1
1j
3
∑t
j =1
2j
≤ 500
3j
≤ 300
4j
≤ 400
3
∑t
j =1
3
∑t
j =1
2
≤ 600
We know you are really excited about that and cannot wait.
Applied Science 230
MS Word
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The minimum cost is TC = $44,067.74 and the tonnages t ij are
Newsprint Packaging Print Stock
Newspaper
588.2
11.8
0.0
Mixed Paper
0.0
71.4
428.6
White Office Paper
0.0
300.0
0.0
Cardboard
0.0
397.8
0.0
Since almost all the available newspaper is processed into newsprint, it is of interest to see the
variation in total cost with changes in the processing cost of newspaper to newsprint. This is
done by repeatedly solving the problem for different values of processing cost. The results are
shown on the graph below.
$45,000
$44,800
$44,600
Total Cost
$44,400
$44,200
$44,000
$43,800
$43,600
$43,400
$43,200
$43,000
$5.00
$5.50
$6.00
$6.50
$7.00
$7.50
Processing Cost - Newspaper to Newsprint
$8.00
Footnotes
(Back to Main Document)
Truth be told, footnotes can really mess up the flow of a document. The one shown here is no
exception. However, if you want to know how to do them, here are the screen shots to guide you
through the process. The footnote font should be smaller than the text font. We are typing the
main text in Times New Roman, 12 pt; our footnotes are in Times New Roman, 10 pt.
First, place the cursor where you want the footnote reference. Then, left click on
Insert/Reference/Footnote:
After releasing the button, you will then see the following:
The selections shown here are standard. Click Insert and you are ready to type a footnote. This
has been done in the screen shot below.
We scroll back up to the text in the main body, start a new paragraph, and then start typing the
story.
Repeat the process for other footnotes. They are numbered automatically. They are re-numbered
automatically if some footnotes are deleted or additional footnotes are inserted.
Headers and Footers
(Back to Main Document)
The header and footer font should be smaller than the text font. We are typing the main text in
Times New Roman, 12 pt; the headers and footers are in Times New Roman, Italics, 10 pt. In
addition, there are tab stops at the center of the page (3.25") and at the right hand side of the page
(6.5").
To insert headers and footers, you first click on View/Header and Footer.
After releasing the button, you will then see the Header and Footer toolbar and will be able to
type in the header box.
You can now type whatever header you want. To type a footer, click on the Switch Between
Header and Footer button on the toolbar.
Applied Science 230
MS Word – Headers and Footers
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To type the page number, tab over to the right hand side of the first line and click on the Insert
Page Number button on the toolbar.
To really dress it up, insert a line under the last line of the header. For a footer, a line over top of
the first line looks cool. Place the cursor on the last line of the header and use the Borders button
(or Format/Borders and Shading) to insert the line.
Applied Science 230
MS Word – Headers and Footers
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TABLES
(Back to Main Document)
Creating tables in Word is rather easy, but it takes time to understand all the tricks. First thing is
to create the table by clicking on Table/Insert
Releasing the button results in the following:
This particular table is four column and six rows. Click OK and the following results:
Just what you asked for, plus or minus a little formatting. Now enter the items in the table to get
this.
Applied Science 230
MS Word - Tables
Newspaper
Mixed Paper
White Office Paper
Cardboard
2
Newsprint
85%
90%
90%
80%
Packaging
80%
80%
85%
70%
Print Stock
70%
80%
-
The following two things are now done:
•
•
Select the second, third, and fourth columns and center the cell contents.
Bold the items in the first column and in the second row.
The result is shown below
Newspaper
Mixed Paper
White Office Paper
Cardboard
Newsprint
85%
90%
90%
80%
Packaging
80%
80%
85%
70%
Print Stock
70%
80%
-
Now we merge the cells in the second, third, and fourth columns of the first row. With these cells
selected, click on Table/Merge Cells. Releasing the button will merge the cells.
Now type in the desired contents of the merged cells to get the following:
Applied Science 230
MS Word - Tables
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Newspaper
Mixed Paper
White Office Paper
Cardboard
Newsprint
85%
90%
90%
80%
Recycling Yield (Pulp)
Packaging
80%
80%
85%
70%
Print Stock
70%
80%
-
Almost there. Now with the cursor somewhere in the table, click on Table/AutoFit/AutoFit to
Contents.
Releasing the button results in the following:
Recycling Yield (Pulp)
Newsprint Packaging Print Stock
85%
80%
Newspaper
90%
80%
70%
Mixed Paper
90%
85%
80%
White Office Paper
80%
70%
Cardboard
Now center the table by clicking on Table/Table Properties and select Center.
Recycling Yield (Pulp)
Newsprint Packaging Print Stock
85%
80%
Newspaper
90%
80%
70%
Mixed Paper
90%
85%
80%
White Office Paper
80%
70%
Cardboard
Now select the table and use the Borders tool to remove all borders. This results in the following:
Applied Science 230
MS Word - Tables
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Recycling Yield (Pulp)
Newsprint Packaging Print Stock
85%
80%
Newspaper
90%
80%
70%
Mixed Paper
90%
85%
80%
White Office Paper
80%
70%
Cardboard
Now do the following:
•
•
•
Select the cell with “Recycling Yield (Pulp)” and use the Borders tool to place a line at
the bottom of the cell.
Select the second row and use the Borders tool to place a line at the bottom of the cells.
Select the last row and use the Borders tool to place a line at the bottom of the cells.
If the Borders tool is not on the Format toolbar, then use Format/Borders and Shading. The
result is the table you see.
Recycling Yield (Pulp)
Newsprint Packaging Print Stock
85%
80%
Newspaper
90%
80%
70%
Mixed Paper
90%
85%
80%
White Office Paper
80%
70%
Cardboard
Applied Science 230
MS Word - Equations
EQUATIONS
1
(Back to Main Document)
To insert equations so that they look reasonable, you need the Equation Editor installed. If it is
installed you will find it under Insert/Object/Microsoft Equation 3.0
If you don’t find it, then complain to the system administrator. If this is your own system, then
use the Office installation disk to install the Equation Editor. If you don’t have an installation
disk, but have a copy of Word, then you are a criminal and we cannot talk to you nor will we
admit to knowing you.
Anyway, after releasing the button on the mouse, the following will appear:
The Equation toolbar contains a lot of items. We will only deal with a few of them in order to
construct the equations for i and j shown here. This is a rather complicated construction, so it
should be a good illustration of what can be done.
Applied Science 230
MS Word - Equations
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The first step is to type "i = " into the rectangular box with the dotted lines. Then click on the
Fence Templates tool (bottom row, far left) and select the left curly bracket as shown below:
Release the button and you should have a left curly bracket with one rectangular box:
We need to create more boxes into which we can type stuff. This is done with the Matrix
Templates tool (bottom row, far right). We select the four item column as shown:
Release the button and this should appear. But the matrix requires further formatting, so we
select Format/Matrix.
Applied Science 230
MS Word - Equations
Then we add another column and change the alignment to Left:
So now we have two columns in which stuff will be left-aligned. We can type stuff in the boxes.
3
Applied Science 230
MS Word - Equations
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The items in the second column are not italicized. How did we do that? We clicked on the Style
button and selected Text instead of Math. OK, now we make some space and insert the equation
for j. Place the cursor at the right of the equation for i and select the Spaces and Ellipses tool (top
row, second from left). We select the largest space as shown and put two of those large spaces
between after the equation for i. Then do the following:
•
•
•
•
•
type "j = ",
insert a left curly bracket
insert a three item column matrix
add a column to the matrix and left align the contents
type the contents of the boxes
The result should be the following:
This has to be centered, but you know how to do that.