REVIEW PACKET FOR
UNITED STATES HISTORY
DO NOT WRITE ON THIS HANDOUT!!!
Directions: Please do not write on this handout – it will be collected the morning of your exam
and reused next semester. However, you should (1) answer the review questions for each
competency goal, (2) review the enclosed outline, (3) know the selected court cases, and (4)
understand the terms as they apply to each competency goal.
LWG Revised Fall 2009
COMPETENCY GOAL 1: The New Nation (1789-1820) - The learner will identify, investigate, and assess the
effectiveness of the institutions of the emerging republic.
1.01 Identify the major domestic issues and conflicts experienced by the nation during the Federalist Period.
1.02 Analyze the political freedoms available to the following groups prior to 1820: women, wage earners, landless farmers,
American Indians, African Americans, and other ethnic groups.
1.03 Assess commercial and diplomatic relationships with Britain, France, and other nations.
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Who was the first president of the United States?
Who was the first Chief Justice?
Which Chief Justice expanded the power of the Supreme Court?
The following are some of the more significant Marshall Court Cases. Why are they significant?
a. Marbury v. Madison
f. Cohens v Virginia
b. Fletcher v. Peck
g. Gibbons v. Ogden
c. Martin v. Hunter’s Lessee
h. Cherokee Nation v. Georgia
d. McCulloch v. Maryland
i. Worchester v. Georgia
e. Dartmouth College v. Woodward
What was adopted by Congress to create the federal court system in 1789?
What is a Cabinet?
a. What Cabinet positions did Washington create?
b. Who were the first Secretaries?
Identify Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan.
What is the difference between a strict and a loose constructionist view of the Constitution?
Why was there a Whiskey Rebellion and how was it handled?
How did Washington react to the French Revolutionary conflict in Europe?
a. Why did the French expect assistance from the US?
What was accomplished by each of the following treaties?
a. Treaty of Greenville
b. Jay’s Treaty
c. Pinckney’s Treaty
How many terms in office did Washington serve?
a. What advice did he give the nation in his farewell address?
What two political parties developed during Washington’s administration?
Which people would have been members of the Federalist Party?
a. Which people would have been members of the Democratic Republican Party?
What was the XYZ Affair and why did it almost cause war between the United States and France?
How were the Alien and Sedition Acts an attempt to silence Republican opposition?
Who wrote the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves?
What theory did the Kentucky and Virginia Resolves introduce into American politics?
Why was the election of 1800 a “revolution”?
Why did the Judiciary Act of 1801 upset Thomas Jefferson?
How did John Marshall, as Chief Justice of the Supreme Court, avoid a confrontation with the executive branch over the
Judiciary Act of 1801?
Why was it necessary for Jefferson to purchase the Louisiana Territory?
Why was the Louisiana Purchase a difficult decision for Jefferson?
How did the following help lead to the War of 1812?
a. Impressments
b. Freedom of the seas
c. Chesapeake Incident
d. War Hawks
e. Indians in the Old Northwest
Who was president during the War of 1812?
Who fought in the War of 1812?
a. Who won?
How did the results of the War of 1812 impact the United States, and Indians in the Mississippi Valley?
What was the role of the following in the War of 1812?
a. Hartford Convention
d. Francis Scott Key
b. Battle of New Orleans
e. Treaty of Ghent
c. Andrew Jackson
f. Napoleon Bonaparte
COMPETENCY GOAL 2: Expansion and Reform (1801-1850) - The learner will assess the competing forces of
expansionism, nationalism, and sectionalism.
2.01 Analyze the effects of territorial expansion and the admission of new states to the Union.
2.02 Describe how the growth of nationalism and sectionalism were reflected in art, literature, and language.
2.03 Distinguish between the economic and social issues that led to sectionalism and nationalism.
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What does the term nationalism mean?
What was the Era of Good Feelings?
How did Henry Clay plan for his American System to work?
How did the relationship between the United States and Britain improve after the War of 1812?
How and when did the United States acquire east Florida?
What was the Monroe Doctrine and why was it adopted?
Name three ways that transportation changed from the 1820s until the 1840s in America.
How did Eli Whitney change the economy of the South in 1793?
How did Eli Whitney change the development of industry in the United States?
What was the factory system?
a. In what region of the country did it first emerge?
How did the issue of slavery trigger a problem in 1819?
a. How did the Missouri Compromise solve this problem?
When was Andrew Jackson elected president?
a. Why was he considered the “common man’s” president?
What was Jacksonian Democracy?
What was the spoils system?
What was the attitude of Jackson toward Native Americans?
Describe the Trail of Tears?
How did Jackson and the Supreme Court differ over the issue of the removal of the Native Americans?
What is a tariff?
Why was the Tariff of 1828 called the Tariff of Abomination?
How did South Carolina and John C. Calhoun react to the Tariff of Abomination?
What did Jackson do to the National Bank and why did he call it the “monster”?
What were pet banks?
Why was John C. Calhoun the leading spokesman for the South during the mid-1800s?
What was the major point Calhoun was making in regard to the doctrine of nullification?
Who was Mark Twain and what did he contribute to the mid-1800s in American History?
What was Romanticism?
What was the influence of the Hudson River School of artists?
Define transcendentalism and provide examples of transcendentalists.
What types of literature did the Romantic writers produce?
What positions did Thoreau take in his essay, “Civil Disobedience”?
During the 1830s, what two groups of Europeans migrated to the United States in the greatest number?
a. Why did this trouble native-born Americans?
In what section of the country was slavery primarily utilized and how did it impact that section?
What were the various categories of people in southern society in the period before the Civil War?
What group emerged during the period before the Civil War to oppose slavery?
How was religion and music used by the slave to offset his condition in life?
What religious groups were opposed to the use of slaves in America?
What was the role of each of the following in the abolition of slavery?
a. William Lloyd Garrison
b. Frederick Douglass
c. Nat Turner
d. Sojourner Truth
e. Harriet Tubman
What were utopian communities?
How did each of the following religious groups attempt to establish utopian communities?
a. Shakers
b. Mormons
c. Transcendentalists
40. How did Dorthea Dix attempt to help the mentally ill and prisoners?
41. Why did the Temperance movement want to limit the consumption of alcohol?
42. During the 1840s and 1850s, how were women educated in America?
a. What changes began to occur?
43. What was the outcome of the Seneca Falls Convention in 1848?
44. How did the women’s suffrage movement also attack the issue of slavery?
45. How did John L. O’Sullivan define the term Manifest Destiny?
46. Why did the Mexican government invite American settlers into Texas?
47. Why was there ultimately a conflict between Americans in Texas and the Mexican government?
48. Why would the slogan “Remember the Alamo” be used by Texans to urge Texans to fight?
49. How did the Battle of San Jacinto affect the outcome of the Texas Revolution?
50. Why would the United States, under Jackson, not annex Texas?
51. During the period between 1836-1846, Texas was referred to as what?
52. What American president was the Manifest Destiny President?
53. What territories were acquired during his presidency?
54. What was Oregon fever and how was it “cured”?
55. What treaty granted the United States the Mexican Cession?
56. How did the acquisition of Texas, Mexican Cession and Oregon lead to a conflict between the sections of the United States?
57. How were the Indians in the Oregon territory treated?
58. What discovery in California led to a massive migration of settlers into this area?
59. Label the territorial acquisitions of the United States from 1846-1853.
COMPETENCY GOAL 3: Crisis, Civil War, and Reconstruction (1848-1877) – The learner will analyze the issues that led
to the Civil War, the effects of the war, and the impact of Reconstruction on the nation.
3.01 Trace the economic, social, and political events from the Mexican War to the outbreak of the Civil War.
3.02 Analyze and assess the causes of the Civil War.
3.03 Identify political and military turning points of the Civil War and assess their significance to the outcome of the
conflict.
3.04 Analyze the political, economic, and social impact of Reconstruction on the nation and identify the reasons why
Reconstruction came to an end.
3.05 Evaluate the degree to which the Civil War and Reconstruction proved to be a test of the supremacy of the national
government.
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Why did southerners believe cotton was “king”?
What were the two proposals made to deal with the issues of slavery in the Mexican Cession?
How was the debate over the extension of slavery into the Mexican Cession solved in 1850?
a. What was that solution?
4. How did the following contribute to the beginning of the Civil War in 1861?
a. Fugitive Slave Law
f. Dred Scott v. Sanford
b. Kansas-Nebraska Act
g. Lincoln-Douglas Debate
c. Bleeding Kansas
h. John Brown’s Raid
d. Republican Party
i. Election of 1860
e. Uncle Tom’s Cabin
5. Which southern state was the first to secede?
6. How did southern secessionists justify secession?
7. What country did these southern states create?
a. Who was its President?
b. Where were its two capitals?
8. Compare the strengths of the North and the South at the onset of the Civil War.
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What significant role did each of the following play in the Civil War?
a. Robert E. Lee
b. Stonewall Jackson
c. Ulysses S. Grant
d. William Sherman
e. George B. McClellan
10. What was the significance of the following battles of the Civil War?
a. First Bull Run
e. Gettysburg
b. Second Bull Run
f. Vicksburg
c. Shiloh
g. Sherman’s March to the Sea
d. Antietam
11. Where did Lee surrender and what were the conditions of his surrender?
12. Why was the assassination of Abraham Lincoln by Booth a disaster for the South?
13. Compare each of the following plans for Reconstruction of the South.
Lincoln’s Plan
Johnson’s Plan
Radical Republican Plan
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What caused Congress and Andrew Johnson to clash?
Why were the 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments considered the Reconstruction amendments?
Why did the near impeachment of Johnson almost cause a shift in the balance of power between the branches of government?
Who were the carpetbaggers and how did Southerners react to the Reconstruction governments impose upon them?
Identify the scandals of the Grant administration.
Why was Reconstruction ended in 1877?
How did farming change in the South after the Civil War?
How did southerners attempt to “re-slave” the former slave; what system of labor replaced slavery throughout much of the
South?
What terrorist organization was created by Nathan B. Forest to force white rule?
What were Jim Crow laws and how did they segregate southern society?
What Supreme Court ruling upheld segregation?
a. What was the doctrine by this Supreme Court ruling?
How did Booker T. Washington and Ida Wells Barnett react to the segregation establish in the South?
What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation?
COMPETENCY GOAL 4: The Great West and the Rise of the Debtor (1860s-1896) – The learner will evaluate the great
westward movement and assess the impact of the agricultural revolution on the nation.
4.01 Compare and contrast the different groups of people who migrated to the West and describe the problems they
experienced.
4.02 Evaluate the impact that settlement in the West had upon different groups of people and the environment.
4.03 Describe the causes and effects of the financial difficulties that plagued the
American farmer and trace the rise and decline of Populism.
4.04 Describe innovations in agricultural technology and business practices and assess their impact on the West.
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What was the lifestyle of the Plains Indians, and how were the buffalo and horse important to the lifestyle?
Why did the United States government adopt a reservation policy?
What impact did Custer’s Last Stand have on attitude toward the Plains Indians?
What did the American government do to assimilate the American Indian, and how successful was this?
What was the Ghost Dance, and how did it lead to the massacre at Wounded Knee?
What enabled Americans to get land in the West?
How did the farmer cope with life on the Plains?
What inventions enabled the farmer to succeed?
How did the cattle in Texas get to dinner plates in the East?
What mineral resources were discovered in the West?
How did the railroads open up the west?
Why did Oliver Kelley organize the National Grange in 1867?
What were the Granger laws?
How was Munn v. Illinois later changed by Wabash v. Illinois?
What did the Interstate Commerce Act of 1887 do?
What problem did the issue of money supply cause after the Civil War?
How was the Sherman Silver Purchase Act going to solve this problem?
When and why did the Farmers Alliance movement create the Populist Party?
What was the platform of the Populist Party in 1892?
How did William Jennings Bryan’s “Cross of Gold” speech help him to win the 1896 Democratic Party nomination?
COMPETENCY GOAL 5: Becoming an Industrial Society (1877-1900) - The learner will describe innovations in
technology and business practices and assess their impact on economic, political, and social life in America.
5.01 Evaluate the influence of immigration and rapid industrialization on urban life.
5.02 Explain how business and industrial leaders accumulated wealth and wielded political and economic power.
5.03 Assess the impact of labor unions on industry and the lives of workers.
5.04 Describe the changing role of government in economic and political affairs.
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Who were the robber barons?
How did laissez-faire capitalism promote the growth of big business?
Identify the industries dominated by the following individuals:
a. Andrew Carnegie
b. J.D. Rockefeller
c. J.P. Morgan
d. Cornelius Vanderbilt
What is a trust and how does it become a monopoly?
Why was the Sherman Anti-Trust Act adopted in 1890?
What is the difference between a department store, chain store and a mail-order company?
a. Name a company that would represent each of the previous categories.
During the 1880s and 1890s, immigrants to American came primarily from what regions in Europe?
What was life like for the new immigrants after they reached America?
What was a political machine and how did it benefit immigrants?
a. Which was the most notorious of the political machines and who was its “boss”?
Why were Americans fearful of the new immigrants coming into America and how did they especially deal with the Chinese
immigrants?
During the late nineteenth century, how did cities in America change?
Describe what life was like for each of the following in city life:
a. Upper class
b. Middle class
c. Poor
How could a settlement house help the problems faced by Americans in the big cities?
Who was Jane Addams?
Why did many Protestant ministers establish the idea of the Social Gospel?
Why was the late nineteenth century referred to as the Gilded Age?
How did Boss Tweed and his ring control the city government of New York?
What change in patronage did the Garfield assassination cause?
How did the telephone, telegraph, and typewriter aid industrialization in America?
How did steel provide the building block for industrialization?
What two new sources of power changed industrialization?
What category of people made up the new working class by 1900?
Why did American industry employ a large number of children in the workforce?
What were the three major problems facing laborers during this time period?
Identify the following terms as they related to labor movement.
a. Knights of Labor
i. Eugene Debs
b. American Federation of Labor
j. Samual Gompers
c. Haymarket Square Riot
k. Terence Powderly
d. Collective bargaining
l. Yellow dog contracts
e. Closed shop
m. Strike breakers
f. Open shop
n. Lock-outs
g. Company town
o. Sweatshop
h. Pullman Strike
p. Triangle Shirtwaist Factory
COMPETENCY GOAL 6: The emergence of the United States in World Affairs (18901914) - The learner will analyze causes and effects of the United States emergence as a world power.
6.01 Examine the factors that led to the United States taking an increasingly active role in world affairs.
6.02 Identify the areas of United States military, economic, and political involvement and influence.
6.03 Describe how the policies and actions of the United States government impacted the affairs of other countries.
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Compare the following foreign policies of T. Roosevelt, Taft, and Wilson.
T. Roosevelt - Big Stick Diplomacy
Taft – Dollar Diplomacy
Wilson - Moral Diplomacy
Define the term imperialism
What role did each of the following play in promoting US imperialism?
a. Alfred T. Mahan’s Theory
b. Industrialization
c. Social Darwinism
How did the United States acquire each of the following territories during the period of imperialism?
a. Alaska
b. Hawaii
c. Philippines
d. Puerto Rico
How did journalism change by 1900, and what was yellow press journalism?
What was the role of each of the following in the Spanish-American War?
a. Maine
b. Teller Amendment
c. Rough Riders
d. William Randolph Hearst/ Joseph Pulitzer
e. Commodore Dewey
How was the Open Door Policy an attempt to secure concessions in China without fighting?
COMPETENCY GOAL 7: The Progressive Movement in the United States (1890-1914) –The learner will analyze the
economic, political, and social reforms of the Progressive Period.
7.01 Explain the conditions that led to the rise of Progressivism.
7.02 Analyze how different groups of Americans made economic and political gains in the Progressive Period.
7.03 Evaluate the effects of racial segregation on different regions and segments of the United States’ society.
7.04 Examine the impact of technological changes on economic, social, and cultural life in the United States.
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Identify the three Progressive Presidents.
What was Progressivism and what was its goal?
How did the following make America more Progressive?
a. initiative
b. referendum
c. recall
d. direct primary
How did journalism promote Progressivism?
What were muckrakers?
a. Who were the three major muckrakers writing in the late nineteenth century?
b. List their individual works.
How did each of the following help the Progressives achieve their goals?
a. The Jungle
f. 18th amendment
b. Muller v. Oregon
g. 19th amendment
c. commission form of government
h. NAACP
d. 16th amendment
i. Wisconsin idea/ La Follette
e. 17th amendment
Identify on the chart below the initiatives that made each of the following a Progressive president:
T. Roosevelt
Taft
Wilson
COMPETENCY GOAL 8: The Great War and Its Aftermath (1914-1930) - The learner will analyze United States
involvement in World War I and the war’s influence on international affairs during the 1920’s.
8.01 Examine the reasons why the United States remained neutral at the beginning of
World War I but later became involved.
8.02 Identify political and military turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome of the conflict.
8.03 Assess the political, economic, social, and cultural effects of the war on the United States and other nations.
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How was each of the following a long-term cause of World War I?
a. imperialism
b. nationalism
c. militarism
d. alliances (Triple Entente & Triple Alliance)
What was the spark that begun WWI?
What was the US reaction to the beginning of WWI in Europe?
What was trench warfare like during WWI?
What new weapons made their debut during WWI?
Describe how each of the following led to the US entry into WWI in 1917.
a. freedom of the seas
b. submarine warfare
c. propaganda
d. Zimmerman Note
What was Wilson’s campaign slogan in 1916?
How did the United States raise an army to fight in WWI?
How was the army transported to the European battlefields?
What took Russia out of the war in 1917?
Identify how the United States mobilized each of the following areas for war:
a. labor
b. industry
c. agriculture
d. propaganda
What doctrine was established in the Schenck v. US case in 1919?
What was Wilson’s peace plan and what did he hope to accomplish?
Who attended the Paris Peace Conference in 1919?
Identify the terms of the Treaty of Versailles?
Why did Republicans in the US Senate oppose the Treaty of Versailles and who was their leader?
COMPETENCY GOAL 9: Prosperity and Depression (1919-1939) - The learner will appraise the economic, social, and
political changes of the decades of “The Twenties” and “The Thirties.”
9.01 Elaborate on the cycle of economic boom and bust in the 1920’s and 1930’s.
9.02 Analyze the extent of prosperity for different segments of society during this period.
9.03 Analyze the significance of social, intellectual, and technological changes of lifestyles in the United States.
9.04 Describe challenges to traditional practices in religion, race, and gender.
9.05 Assess the impact of New Deal reforms in enlarging the role of the federal government in American life.
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How did US demobilization cause problems for the economy?
Why did the Red Scare occur in the United States in the 1920s?
What was A. Mitchell Palmer’s role in the Red Scare?
How did the Sacco-Vanzetti trial highlight the anti-immigrant feelings in American in the 1920s?
How did the United States restrict immigration in the 1920s?
Why did African Americans begin to migrate to the industrial North in 1914?
a. What was the impact of this migration on northern cities?
7. How did the end of WWI impact American isolationism in the 1920s and 1930s?
8. What was Warren G. Harding’s campaign slogan in the 1920 presidential election?
9. Why was the Tea Pot Dome scandal humiliating for the Harding administration?
10. What was the financial plan of Secretary of Treasury Andrew Mellon, and how did it help lead to the Great Depression?
11. How did WEB Du Bois’s and Marcus Garvey’s beliefs differ from Booker T. Washington’s?
12. Why did the KKK re-emerge during the 1920s?
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Why was there a downturn in the economy immediately following WWI?
What new form of transportation transformed American society during the 1920s?
How did Henry Ford transform industrial production during the 1920s?
How did advertisement change, during the 1920s, to encourage consumerism?
How did the image of women change after WWI?
Why did the United States adopt the 18th amendment, which prohibited the manufacturing, distribution and consumption of
alcoholic beverages?
How did the Scopes trial reflect a conflict between science and religion in the 1920s?
What music became widely popular during the 1920s?
How did the Harlem Renaissance improve the self-image of African Americans in the 1920s?
What is meant by the term the Lost Generation?
a. What individuals would symbolize the Lost Generation?
What happened on October 29, 1929?
Why was there a Great Depression? (causes)
How did the Great Depression change the quality of life for Americans?
Why was the weakest segment of the US economy prior to 1929 the farmers?
What was Hoover’s philosophy for dealing with the Depression?
What is a run on a bank?
a. How many states stopped “runs on banks”?
Why was Franklin D. Roosevelt elected in 1932 as the President?
What did FDR mean by the statement, “the only thing we have to fear is fear itself”?
Prepare a chart that identifies the measures adopted during the First New Deal, and measures adopted during the Second New
Deal.
First New Deal
Second New Deal
32. What was the difference between Hoover’s approach to the Depression and FDR’s approach to the Depression?
a. Be sure to identify “rugged individualism.”
33. How was John Lewis’s CIO different from previous labor unions?
34. What role did Harry Hopkins play in FDR’s administration?
35. How did Huey Long and Dr. Frances Townshend “push” FDR to sponsor even more liberal legislation?
36. Why did FDR remove the US from the gold standard?
37. How did John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath depict the hardships of the Depression?
COMPETENCY GOAL 10: World War II and the Beginning of the Cold War (1930s-1963)
The learner will analyze United States involvement in World War II and the war’s influence on international affairs in
following decades.
10.01 Elaborate on the causes of World War II and reasons for United States entry into the war.
10.02 Identify military, political, and diplomatic turning points of the war and determine their significance to the outcome
and aftermath of the conflict.
10.03 Describe and analyze the effects of the war on American economic, social, political, and cultural life.
10.04 Elaborate on changes in the direction of foreign policy related to the beginnings of the Cold War.
10.05 Assess the role of organizations established to maintain peace and examine their continuing effectiveness.
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Identify the types of government instituted by the following dictators:
a. Germany/ Adolph Hitler
b. Italy/ Benito Mussolini
c. Japan/ Tojo
d. Soviet Union/ Stalin
Identify the Axis powers and the major Allied Powers of WWII.
Where did each of the following totalitarian governments want to expand?
a. Germany
b. Japan
c. Italy
What was appeasement?
a. Why did appeasement not work?
b. Who initiated it?
Identify the long-term causes and the short-term causes of WWII.
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List the areas of conquest or annexation by Adolph Hitler.
What actions were taken by Germany in 1939 led Britain and France to go to war against Germany?
What is “blitzkrieg” fighting?
What saved Britain in the Battle of Britain?
Who was the Prime Minister of Britain during WWII?
How did the Americans help the British without declaring war on Germany?
What was the United States’ official position after the outbreak of WWII in Europe?
What did Winston Churchill and FDR agree to in the Atlantic Charter?
How were Japanese Americans treated in the US during WWII?
Describe the African campaign led by the United States.
Describe the Italian campaign by America.
What was “island hopping” and where was it used?
Complete the following WWII battle chart:
Battle
Location
Winner
Coral Sea
Midway
Iwo Jima
Battle of the Bulge
D-Day
Stalingrad
Berlin
19. Describe the role each of the following played in WWII:
a. Eisenhower
c. MacArthur
b. Patton
d. Rommell
20. Who attended the Yalta Conference and what was their decision?
21. Why and when did Harry S. Truman become president?
22. What was the Manhattan Project and who was in charge?
23. Why did Truman decide to use the atomic bomb on Japan?
24. What two Japanese cities were victims of the A-bomb?
25. What was a kamikaze pilot?
26. What role did “Rosie the Riveter” play in WWII?
27. What was the WWII experience like for African Americans?
28. In what way were white and black men treated equally during WWII?
29. What was Hitler’s “Final Solution”?
30. What does the term “Holocaust” mean?
31. How did the government allocate resources to US citizens during WWII?
COMPETENCY GOAL 11: Recovery, Prosperity, and Turmoil (1945-1980) - The learner will trace economic, political,
and social developments and assess their significance for the lives of Americans during this time period.
11.01 Describe the effects of the Cold War on economic, political, and social life in
America.
11.02 Trace major events of the Civil Rights Movement and evaluate its impact.
11.03 Identify major social movements including, but not limited to, those involving women, young people, and the
environment, and evaluate the impact of these movements on the United States’ society.
11.04 Identify the causes of United States’ involvement in Vietnam and examine how this involvement affected society.
11.05 Examine the impact of technological innovations that have impacted American life.
11.06 Identify political events and the actions and reactions of the government officials and citizens, and assess the social
and political consequences.
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What was Truman’s Fair Deal?
a. How did it differ from the New Deal?
Who are “baby boomers?”
How did each of the following impact the lives of Americans in the 1950s?
a. suburbs
d.
b. television
e.
c. entertainment
Levittown
automobile
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
How did each of the following change the lives of African Americans in the 1950s and 1960s?
a. Rosa Parks
h. 1965 Civil Rights Act
b. Brown v. Board of Education
i. 1968 Civil Rights Act
c. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
j. Greensboro sit-ins
d. Central High School, Little Rock
k. Malcolm X
e. Freedom Rides
l. Black Power
f. “I Have a Dream” speech
m. Thurgood Marshall
g. 1964 Civil Rights Act
Trace advantages in the US space program from JFK’s presidency to the 1969 moon landing.
What conflict did Roe v. Wade create with religious groups?
What changes did LBJ’s Great Society programs have on the lives of people?
How has American industry and economy changed since WWII?
Why did the US move from being a major exporter to becoming a major importer?
Identify the candidates for the presidency for each election since 1944.
Which President is associated with each of the following programs? Also briefly explain the programs.
a. New Deal
b. Fair Deal
c. Dynamic Conservatism
d. New Frontier
e. Great Society
What did JFK mean when he stated, “ask not what your country can do for you, but ask what you can do for your country”?
Identify the significance of the following during JFK’s presidency:
a. Bay of Pigs
b. Cuban Missile Crisis
c. Berlin Wall
d. New Frontier
What was the Solid South?
a. What were Dixiecrats?
Why was the Democratic Convention of 1968 so disturbing to many Americans?
Why was there a second Red Scare in the 1950s and who led the crusade?
What impact did the Kennedy-Nixon debate have on the 1960 election and future elections?
What single-issue political parties have developed since 1968 and what issue did each party support?
COMPTENCY GOAL 12: The United States since the Vietnam War (1973-present) – The learner will identify and
analyze trends in domestic and foreign affairs of the United States during this time period.
12.01 Summarize significant events in foreign policy since the Vietnam War.
12.02 Evaluate the impact of recent constitutional amendments, court rulings, and federal legislation on United States’
citizens.
12.03 Identify and assess the impact of economic, technological, and environmental changes in the United States.
12.04 Identify and assess the impact of social, political, and cultural changes in the United States.
12.05 Assess the impact of growing racial and ethnic diversity in American society.
12.06 Assess the impact of twenty-first century terrorist activity on American society.
1.
Describe how each of the following either hurt or improved US-Soviet relations during the Cold War:
a. Truman Doctrine
b. Eisenhower Doctrine
c. Carter Doctrine
d. Containment
e. Massive retaliation
f. NATO
g. Warsaw Pact
h. Peaceful co-existence
i. Détente
j. SALT I and SALT II
k. SEATO
l. Domino Theory
m. Glasnost
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Why was there an energy crisis in the 1970s?
How did Rachel Carson change the way Americans viewed the environment?
What was the Watergate crisis and how did it impact America?
Describe why the US got involved in the Korean War, the Vietnam War, and the Persian Gulf War.
Complete the following chart:
Korean War
Vietnam
Persian Gulf
Dates
Presidents
Generals
Enemy & Supporters of the
enemy
Outcome
7. What were the Camp David Accords, and why were they significant?
8. What was the Iran Hostage Crisis, and how was it resolved?
9. Identify the importance of the following in regards to Ronald Reagan’s foreign policy.
a. Nicaragua
b. Iran Contra Affair
c. Grenada
10. Describe the role of each of the following in George Bush’s foreign policy in the 1980s.
a. Panama
b. Nicaragua
c. China
d. Operation Desert Shield/ Storm
United States History EOC Review Outline
I.
Federalist Era
A. George Washington & John Adams elected 1788 and 1792
1. Judiciary Act of 1789 created Supreme Court & system of district & appeals courts
2. Executive Departments created—state, treasury, war, attorney general
B. Treasury Secretary Hamilton
1. Wanted strong central government, national bank, economy based on industry & commerce
C. Emergence of Political Parties
1. Hamilton’s Federalists—favored strong central government, “loose” interpretation of the Constitution,
encouragement of business
2. Jefferson & Madison’s Republicans—wanted small federal government, “strict” interpretation,
development of an agrarian, rural society
D. Foreign Affairs
1. Proclamation of Neutrality w/ regards to French Revolution, also wanted trade with both sides.
2. Jay Treaty (1794) w/ Br only bought time w/ the Br—withdrew soldiers from west & established border
with Canada
3. Pinckney Treaty (1795) w/ Spain—opened Mississippi River to trade & settled northern boarder with FL
E. Battle of Fallen Timbers (1794) defeated British backed NA & cleared the Ohio territory
1. ended with Treaty of Greenville
F. Whiskey Rebellion (1794)—strengthened credibility of central government
G. Washington’s Farewell Address—warns of political parties, foreign ties, and sectionalism
H. Election of 1796—John Adams (Federalist)
1. XYZ Affair—France tried to bribe Am diplomats. Anti-Fr sentiment strengthens.
2. Quaziwar with France—Naval war
3. Alien and Sedition Acts—suppress dissent & growing power of Republican opposition.
4. KY & VA Resolutions—protested the Alien & Sedition Acts by proposing nullification
II.
The Jefferson Era
A. The Revolution of 1800—Jefferson elected by the House
1. Court Conflicts—Adams’ Judiciary Act of 1801 packed courts with Federalist “Midnight Judges” at last
minute
a. Marbury v. Madison declares judicial review
B. Louisiana Purchase (1803) – doubles size of USA
1. Jefferson violates “strict” interpretation
2. Lewis & Clark map out the new territory
C. Foreign Relations
1. Embargo of 1807 tried to keep US out of war, economic disaster
D. Madison’s Administration
1. War Hawks convince Madison to ask Congress for War in 1812
2. Causes: impressments, British-NA relations, blockades, freedom of the seas, and embargo
3. Treaty of Ghent (1814)—restored pre-War status quo
4. Hartford Convention (1814)—New England Federalists met & threatened session. Wanted commercial
interested protected.
5. Battle of New Orleans, Andrew Jackson’s a hero – Federalist Party looked stupid and goes away.
E. Monroe’s Administration
1. AKA “Era of Good Feelings”
2. Adams-Onis Treaty (1819)—Spain sold FL to USA
3. Monroe Doctrine (1823)—Declared western hemisphere closed to European colonization
4. Henry Clay’s American System: infrastructure improvements, protective tariffs, national bank
III.
Internal Development—Post War of 1812
A. The Marshall Court
1. Chief Justice John Marshall built power of the central government & court
2. Marbury v. Madison – established Judicial Review
3. Fletcher v. Peck (1810)—declared a state law constitutional
4. Dartmouth College v. Woodword (1819)—upheld sanctity of contracts against state actions
5. McCulloch v. Maryland (1819)—established federal immunity from states’ taxing power
6. Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)—established federal control over interstate commerce
B. Missouri Compromise (1820)
1. Raised question of expansion of slavery, threatened the balance of power in the Senate
2. Henry Clay’s idea—Missouri became a slave state, Maine became a free state, Established the 36°30’
line to limit the expansion of slavery
C. The Economy—Industry in the North, King Cotton in the South, Roads & canals creating national markets
D. Education
1. Most schools were private & expensive
2. Noah Webster’s speller & Bible formed basis of literacy
E. Religion
1. Second Great Awakening
a. Leader Charles Grandison Finney
2. Sparked a number of social reform movements including temperance, abolition, suffrage, etc…
IV.
Jacksonian Democracy (1829-1841)
A. Election of 1824—went to the House, John Quincy Adams won the election and appoints Clay Secretary of State,
“corrupt bargain,” party split
1. Tariff of Abominations (1828) denounced by the South, Calhoun’s Exposition and Protest
B. Election of 1828
1. Jackson elected on Democratic ticket after dirty campaign
2. was known as the “Common Man” president
C. Indian Removal Act (1830)—removed all Indian tribes west of the Mississippi River.
1. Worcester v. Georgia (1832)
2. Jackson and John Marshall disagree
3. Trail of Tears w/ Cherokee Nation
D. Tariff Crisis
1. Webster-Haynes Debate, issues: western land, tariff, State’s Rights
2. John C. Calhoun resigned as vice president
3. South Carolina drew up Ordinance of Nullification and threatened to secede, Congress passed a
compromise tariff and the Force Bill
E. The Bank War—Jackson vetoed the Bank Bill, removed government deposits & place them in “pet” banks, causing
a recession – Panic of 1837
F. Jacksonian Politics
1. Beginning of modern party system and the spoils system (sought advice from his “kitchen cabinet”)
2. The rise of the Whigs, with their support of commercial and industrial development, led by Henry Clay,
John C. Calhoun, and Daniel Webster
V.
Antebellum Culture
A. Examples of the Movement
1. Literature
a. Northern Writers: James F. Cooper’s Last of the Mohicans & The Pathfinder, Walt Whitman,
Henry Longfellow, Herman Melville, Nathaniel Hawthorn
b. Southern Writers: Edgar A. Poe
2. Fine Arts
a. Painters: Hudson River School, George Caitlin’s Indians, John J. Audubon’s birds
b. Neoclassical Architecture
3. Transcendentalists tried to gain unity with God outside organized religion—Emerson & Thoreau
4. Utopians tried to escape industrial world
a. Secular Communities: Brook Farm (MA), New Harmony (IN)
b. Religious Communities: Shakers, Mormons (Joseph Smith & Brigham Young)
B. Political Reform Movements
1. Temperance Movement
2. Public schools- Horace Mann in MA was an early advocate and the “father of public ed,” supported the
creation of schools to train teachers
3. Feminism had origins at Seneca Falls Convention (1848) led by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Lucretia
Mott
4. Abolitionism: Wm Lloyd Garrison’s “The Liberator” & Frederick Douglass’s “ The North Star”
VI.
Life in the North
A. Population Trends
1. Total pop grew from 4M in 1790 to 32M in 1860
2. Cult of domesticity shifted family responsibilities to women
3. Immigration increased—still from west Europe
B. Industrial Growth—NE produced 2/3 of all products
1. Technology was ahead of Europe—Eli Whitney’s interchangeable parts, Elias Howe’s sewing machine,
John Deere’s steel plow, Case’s thresher, McCormick’s mechanical reaper
VII.
Life in the South
A. The Cotton Kingdom—Population & economic power shifted to the Gulf States
B. Class Society
1. Planter Class (50+ slaves) were minority, but dominated
2. Yeoman farmers were largest group—owned few or no slaves
3. Poor whites w/ no land
4. Slaves
C. The Response of Slaves
1. Slave Revolts/insurrections—largest by Nat Turner (1831)
2. Running away—Harriet Tubman, Levi Coffin and the Underground Railroad
VIII.
Manifest Destiny & Westward Expansion
A. Manifest Destiny—belief that America should own land to the Pacific
1. Democrats favored the use of force for expansion
B. Oregon Territory—joint occupation w/ Br until Pres. Polk
C. Texas
1. 1836 Texas declared independence from Mexico
2. Remember the Alamo, Santa Anna, and the Lone Star Republic of Sam Huston
3. Dispute in U.S. over annexation
IX.
Westward Expansion
A. Polk’s Presidency
1. Campaigned on the slogan of 54 40 or fight
2. Mexican-American War
a. Causes: influx of Americans in MX, confusion over the borders, annexation of TX
b. Thoreau’s “Civil Disobedience” protested the war
c. Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo (1848) increased US territory, sets TX-MX boundary at Rio Grande
River, returned the issue of slavery to the national level
X.
America at Mid-Century
A. Political Developments
1. Wilmot Proviso, proposed during the war, would have prohibited slavery in lands taken from MX
(rejected)
2. Compromise of 1850: introduced by H. Clay
a. Gains for the North: CA as free state, borders btw TX & NM established, slave trade prohibited in
D.C.
b. Gains for the South: tougher fugitive slave laws, assume TX debt, slavery not abolished in D.C.
3. Pres. Pierce acquires the Gadsden Purchase (1854) from MX
XI.
The Coming Civil War
A. Uncle Tom’s Cabin by Harriet Beecher Stowe (1852)
B. Troubles in Kansas
1. Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) repealed the Compromise Line of 1820 and opened Kansas to popular
sovereignty
a. Republican Party was formed to stop the spread of slavery into the territories
2. Free Soilers and John Brown helps Kansas Bleed
3. Lecompton Constitution the pro-slavery constitution that was accepted, but led to guerrilla warfare
C. The 1856 Election—James Buchanan wins, but Republican party strengthens
D. Dred Scott Case—Sup Ct. Chief Justice Roger Taney states that Congress can’t exclude slavery from any territory
E. Lincoln-Douglas Debates
1. Lincoln challenges Douglas to reconcile popular sovereignty w/ Dred Scott decision
F.
Additional Sources of Tension
1. John Brown’s Raid at Harpers Ferry Va., Rowan Helper’s Impending Crisis in the South
G. The 1860 Election
1. Democratic party splits: Northern Whigs= S. Douglas, Southern Whig= J. Breckenridge, Constitutional
Union= J. Bell
2. Republican Party nominates A. Lincoln (wins plurality)
H. Secession Crisis
1. SC seceded 12/20/1860
2. 7 states organized into the CSA w/ J. Davis as the president by March of 1861 and draft a Constitution in
Montgomery, Alabama.
3. Lincoln called for troops, 4 other states joined the Confederacy.
4. April 12, 1861 @ 4:30am Beauregard’s men fire on Fort Sumter – the War starts, Major Anderson forced
to surrender the fort and leave SC
XII.
The Civil War
A. Strengths
1. USA advantages: wealthier, more industry, more population, functioning Navy, RR
a. Anaconda Plan: Blockade Atlantic, control MS Rv, capture Richmond
b. Lincoln’s first goal—“Preserving the Union”
2. CSA advantages: large area made conquest difficult, home front advantage, more qualified military
leaders
B. Early Battles
1. First Battle of Bull Run—shows that war win be long
2. D. Farragut captured New Orleans
3. War at Sea
a. Trent incident
b. Merrimack & Monitor were the first ironclads
C. The Home Front
1. Homestead Act (1862) gives 160 acres of free land if farmed for 5 years—more settling west
2. Morrill Land Grant Act (1862) free land to states for “ag and mechanical” colleges
3. Pacific Railway Act (1862) – built largely by Chinese and Irish Immigrants, the transcontinental railroad
was not completed until 1869, met at Promontory Point, UT
4. Conscription instituted in North & South
5. Financing the War
a. Union established first income tax
b. Issues “greenbacks”
6. Constitutional Authority?—Lincoln suspends habeas corpus, jails Southern sympathizers
D. Later Battles
1. Antietam/Sharpsburg (1862) Bloodiest Day in U.S. History – not a decisive victory
a. Lincoln issued Emancipation Proclamation
2. Gettysburg (1863) Bloodiest Battle in the War, 1st Turning Point
3. Vicksburg, 2nd Turning Point, Union gained control of the Mississippi River
4. Sherman March to the Sea, burned Atlanta, etc. “Total War”
5. Lee Surrendered at Appomattox Court House (4/9/1865)
E. Lincoln assassinated (4/14/1865)
XIII.
Reconstruction
A. Under Lincoln
1. Est Freedman’s Bureau (1865)
2. 10% Plan
3. Pocket Vetoed the Wade-Davis Bill
B. Under Johnson
1. More lenient than Lincoln, add ratification of 13th Amend., Congress refused to admit representatives
C. Congressional Reconstruction
1. Begins after the 1866 mid-term elections
2. Military Reconstruction Act (1867) divides South into 5 military districts run by federal governors
3. 14th Am defines citizen & ensures that life, liberty & property can’t be taken w/o due process
4. Tenure of Office Act (1867) president must have Senate approval to dismiss appointed officials
a. Congress wanted to keep Sec. Of War Stanton
b. Failure to follow Tenure of Office Act leads to Johnson’s impeachment—found not guilty
D. Under Grant
1. 15th Am ensures universal male suffrage—Republicans dependant on black vote
2. Corruption: Whiskey Ring Fraud, Crédit Mobilier scandal
3. Panic of 1873: retirement of greenbacks & revival of gold standard
E. Compromise of 1877
1. Contested Election Results in SC, FL, and LA
2. Republican candidate Rutherford B. Hayes promised to end Reconstruction by w/drawling troops from
South for Democratic support and won the election.
XIV.
New Industrial Era (1877-1882)
A. Politics
1. 1880 Election: James Garfield (R) becomes pres, assassinated by a “Stalwart”—favored spoils system
2. Chester A. Arthur becomes president and supported the Pendleton Civil Service Act
B. Economy
1. New South’s economy: textiles, steel, cigarettes
2. Social Darwinism & Gospel of Wealth
3. National Grange, founded by Oliver Kelley push for “Grange Laws,” Farmers’ Alliance form—
supported inflation, regulation of RR, cooperative farm marketing
4. Haymarket Square Riots (1886): reduced support of labor unions & Knights of Labor
C. Society & Culture
1. Immigration: 2M in 1870s, mostly Northern Europeans; 5M in 1880s, mostly Southern & Eastern
Europeans
2. Social Gospel: wanted better social & education services in cities (Jane Addams)
3. New Religious Organizations: Salvation army (1878), Mary Baker Eddy’s First Church of Christian
Scientists
4. African Americans: Booker T. Washington led Tuskegee Institute emphasizing vocational education
5. Literature: Mark Twain, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer—works leading toward Realism
XV.
Corporate Industrialism (1882-1887)
A. Politics
1. Election 1884: Grover Cleveland (D) becomes president—politics shift from Republicans to Democrats
B. Economy
1. Corporate Leaders: John D. Rockefeller (oil), JP Morgan (banking), Andrew Carnegie (steel)
a. “Robber Barons” or “Industrial Statesmen”
2. Interstate Commerce Act (1887): oversees RR rates, federal regulations of RR
3. American Federation of Labor: craft unions, Samuel Gompers & Adolph Strasser founded it
C. Foreign Relations
1. Asia: Chinese immigration suspended (1882)
2. Navy: became 3rd largest in the war & naval college started
3. Pacific: US obtained Pearl Harbor in Hawaii (1886)
4. American Christian Missionaries active all over world
a. Josiah Strong – A Protestant Minister who expanded the idea of Manifest Destiny to support
American imperialism in the late 19th century
D. Native Americans
1. Apache War: capture of Geronimo ended war (1887)
2. Dawes Severalty Act (1887): Americanization by est private property among NA
3. Helen Hunt Jackson, Century of Dishonor – published in 1881, outlined America’s harsh treatment of the
Native Americans
XVI.
Emergence of Regional Empire (1887-1892)
A. Politics
1. Election of 1888: Benjamin Harrison (R) won electoral vote, but Cleveland won popular vote
2. Oklahoma: First OK land rush (1889) “Oklahoma Sooners”
B. Economy
1. Sherman Anti-Trust Act (1890): prohibited combinations or conspiracies in restraint of trade
2. McKinley Tariff (1890)
C. Society & Culture
1. Popular Amusements: vaudeville, circus, Wild West Shows, George Eastman’s camera
2. Sports: baseball, boxing, cycling, basketball invented
3. Childrearing: parents less authoritative, golden age of children’s literature
4.
5.
6.
Growth of Catholicism & Judaism in USA
Native Americans: Ghost Dance & Battle of Wounded Knee (1890): ended the NA wars
Frederick Jackson Turner “The Significance of the Frontier in American History” (1893)—closing of the
frontier and the end of the “West”
D. Foreign Relations
1. Hawaii: American sugar planters overthrow Queen Lilliuokalani (1893)
XVII.
Economic Depression (1892-1897)
A. Politics
1. Populist Party founded in 1892, Omaha Platform advocated public ownership of RR, unlimited coinage
of silver as well as gold, 8-hour work day, initiatives & referendum, secret ballots, direct election of
senators, graduated income tax
a. Fights RR w/ Munn v, Illinois & Wabash v. Illinois
2. Election of 1892: Grover Cleveland (D) defeats Benjamin Harrison (R), Populists win 10% of the vote
3. Election of 1896: William McKinley (R) defeats William Jennings Bryan (D)—Populist Party supported
Bryan
B. Economy
1. Homestead Strike (1892): iron & steel workers struck Carnegie Steel & was broken up by guards
2. Panic of 1893
3. Pullman Strike (1894): Cleveland sent in federal troops to break up strikers
C. Society & Culture
1. Temperance: Anti-Saloon League
2. Immigration: settlement houses provided aid—Jane Addams’ Hull House in Chicago
XVIII. Expansion (1897-1902)
A. Politics
1. Election 1900: William McKinley & Teddy Roosevelt (R) defeat Bryan (D)
2. McKinley assassination: anarchist killed pres (1901), Roosevelt becomes pres
3. Gold Standard Act (1900): gold reserve established
B. Foreign Policy
1. Spanish American War causes: yellow journalism, USS Maine explosion, Cuban revolution, DeLôme
Letter criticizing McKinley
a. Treaty of Paris (1900): USA gains Philippines, Puerto Rico & Guam, Spain receives $20M
2. Hawaii annexed 1898
3. Philippines: Emilio Aguinaldo led rebellion against USA (1899-1902)
4. Open Door Notes: equal opportunity to trade w/ China
5. Platt Amendment: made Cuba a virtual protectorate of the USA (1901)
6. USA begins the Panama Canal
XIX.
Theodore Roosevelt
A. Politics
1. Robert LaFollette promotes state progressivism & “Laboratory of Democracy”—initiatives, recalls,
direct election of Senators
2. 1904 Election: Teddy Roosevelt—presidential policy called the “Square Deal”
3. Food Regulations: Pure Foods and Drug Act (1906) & Meat Inspection Act (1906) in response to The
Jungle
B. Economy
1. Antitrust Policies: Northern Securities Cases; Standard Oil Case, by 1909 T. Roosevelt brought down 25
monopolies using the Courts and the Sherman Anti-Trust Act
2. Coal Strike: TR intervened in United Mine Workers action against anthracite mine owners (1902)
C. Society & Culture
1. Muckrakers: investigative journalism—Lincoln Steffens’ The Shame of the Cities, Ida Tarbell’s The
History of Standard Oil, Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle, Jacob Riis’ How the Other Half Lives
D. Foreign Relations
1. Roosevelt Corollary to Monroe Doctrine: USA reserved right to intervene with Latin America
2. Japan: Gentleman’s Agreement (1907) limited Japanese immigration
3. Great White Fleet: US naval fleet sent to Asia
XX.
Regulator State (1907)
A. Politics
1. 1908 Election: William H. Taft (R) defeats William Jennings Bryan (D)
a. Taft continued to fight trusts
b. Dollar Diplomacy
2. 16th Amendment: graduated income tax
3. 1912 Election: TR Split the Republican Party – Wilson (D) defeats TR (progressive) and Taft (R)
4. Mexican Revolution: Taft stations troops along MX border supporting revolutionary government
B. Economy
1. Payne-Aldrich Tariff: amendments made bill a protective tariff (1909)
2. Mann-Elkins Act (1910): strengthens the Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
C. Society & Culture
1. IWW: Industrial Works of the World (Wobblies): radical labor union
2. African Americans: WEB DuBois founded the Niagara Movement (1905) that eventually became the
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, calling for full equality the NAACP
concentrated on using the courts
XXI.
Woodrow Wilson and the New Freedom
A. Implementing the “New Freedom”—calls for the reduction of tariffs, reform of bank laws, improvements on antitrust laws
1. Underwood-Simmons Tariff Act (1913): tariff rates reduced & graduated income tax implemented
2. Federal Reserve Act (1913): Fed serviced bank
3. Clayton Antitrust Act (1914): interpreted the Sherman Antitrust Act
4. Federal Trade Commission Act (1914): prohibited unfair trade w/o defining them
5. Child Labor Act (1916): could not ship goods made by children under 14 across state line (Interstate)—
declared unconstitutional
B. Election of 1916: Wilson wins and by calling for neutrality w/ WWI
XXII.
Foreign Policy and Road to WWI
A. Long-term causes
1. Imperialism
2. Militarism
3. Nationalism
4. Alliances
B. Issues Proclamation of Neutrality (1914): closer ties to Allies
1. Submarine Crisis: Lusitania sunk killing Am passengers (1915), Arabic Pledge
2. Sussex Pledge (1916)
3. German reversed Schliefin Plan and announce unrestricted sub warfare (1917)
4. Zimmerman telegram (1917): Gm proposed that Mexican join them
5. German commit the “Overt Act,” the US declares war April 6, 1917
XXIII. World War I
A. Military Campaigns
1. Selective Service Act (May 1917): 2M drafted by end of war.
2. American Expeditionary force led by Gen. Pershing—100K dead
B. Home Front
1. War Industries Board allocates raw materials, controls production & pricing of goods.
2. Rationing: “Wheatless Mondays” & “Meatless Tuesdays”
3. War Labor Board prohibits strikes & encourages higher wages.
4. War finance= income & luxury taxes ↑, bonds sold
C. Public Opinion & Civil Liberties
1. Espionage & Sedition Acts (1917): impose fines or prison sentences for giving false information aiding
the enemy or criticizing the government
D. Social Trends
1. Women: more working, new freedoms lead to suffrage
2. Minorities: many migrate from South, race riots in 26 cities
XXIV. Peace & Domestic Problems
A. Peacemaking
1. 14 Points: open treaties, freedom of seas & trade, arms reduction, fair adjustments to colonial claims,
national aspirations, League of Nations.
2. Armistice (11-11-1918)
3. Treaty of Versailles: League of Nations formed, German signs guilt-clause, must pat reparations, new
countries formed.
a. Henry Cabot Lodge & Republicans
B. Domestic Problems
1. Progressivism: 18th Am eliminates alcohol; 19th Am gives women suffrage
2. Red Scare: arrest & deportation of supposed Communists, Palmer Raid, FBI starts with Hoover as head
C. Election of 1920
1. Republican Warren G. Harding wins – “return to normalcy”
XXV.
1920s
A. Economy
1. Consumer credit expands meeting demand for big ticket items
2. Big business ↑
3. Farmer incomes ↓ & costs ↑
B. American Society
1. Standard of living ↑
2. “Flappers” indp & assertive young women
3. Marcus Garvey (UNIA) encourages back to Africa
4. Literary: E. Hemingway, F.S. Fitzgerald, E. Pound (Lost Generation)
C. Social Conflicts
1. KKK memberships rises along with Nativism
2. Emergency Quota Act (1921): limits immigration from each nation w/ maximum of 150K
3. Prohibition enforced by Volstead Act
a. Crime ↑ w/ speakeasies, mobs, & bootlegging
4. Scopes Trial= creationism v. evolution
5. Sacco & Venzetti charged & executed for robbery
D. Government & Politics
1. Harding Administration: cuts taxes, Fordney-Cumberland Tariff imposed ↑ tariffs on farm products
2. Tea Pot Dome Scandal—Sec. Falls sells federal land in WY
3. Harding dies of heart attack—Coolidge takes over
4. Election 1924: “Stay Cool with Coolidge”—C. Coolidge wins
5. Election 1928: H. Hoover wins w/ the solid south
6. Foreign Policy: Kellogg-Briand Pact (1928)—renounced war
XXVI. Great Depression
A. Causes of the Great Depression
1. Farm economy depressed throughout decade; ag and industrial overproduction, too much wealth in the
hands of too few, defects in the stock market and banking system
a. The stock market crash (10-29-1929) was the first visible sign
B. Affects of the Great Depression
1. Financial: GDP dropped by ~50%; unemployment rose to ~25%, by 1932 22% of banks failed
2. Bonus Expeditionary Force: unemployed vets go to D.C. to lobby for early payments; driven from
shanties “Hoovervilles” by federal army
C. Hoover’s Depression
1. Hawley-Smoot Tariff: raised duties on ag & manufacturing prices (makes situation worse).
2. Public Works: built “Hoover” Dam
3. Federal Home Loan Bank Act: loans to buildings & loans associations, savings banks, insurance
companies
D. Election of 1932
1. Dem. Nominated FDR – “Happy Day’s Are Here Again!”
2. Roosevelt received >57% of votes with the promise of his 3 R’s (Relief, Recovery, and Reform)
XXVII. FDR and the First New Deal
A. Legislation of 1st 100 Days
1. To end the Banking Crisis: runs on banks before inauguration; FDR declared a Banking Holiday and
submitted the Emergency Bank Relief Act to Congress: additional funds for banks, no hording
2. Established the FDIC to insure deposits
3. Repeal of prohibition w/ 21st Am
4. Federal Emergency Relief Act: $ to poor, distributed by states – Harry Hopkins and “work relief”
5. Civilian Conservation Corps: small payments to families of young men working for government
6. Public Works Administration: built schools, highways, & hospitals—create construction jobs
7. Agricultural Adjustment Administration and National Industrial Recovery Act (both later declared
unconstitutional which prompted FDR to propose his Court Packing Scheme)
8. Federal Farm Loan Act: consolidates farm credit to make low payments
9. Tennessee Valley Authority: regional public planning, built 20 dams, hydroelectric power
B. Explained his actions on the radio “fireside chats”
C. After the 1st 100 Days
1. Securities & Exchange Commission: supervised stock exchanges
2. Federal Housing Admin: insures long-term, low interest rate mortgages on home construction
XXVIII. Second New Deal
A. Legislation
1. Works Progress Administration: employed people for 10 hrs/wk
2. National Youth Program: pt jobs to high school & college students so they’d stay in school
3. Rural Electrification Admin
4. National Labor Relations Act: right to unionize, created National Labor Relations Board
5. Social Security Act
6. High income taxes on high income
XXIX. Road to War
A. Early Foreign Policy
1. Good Neighbor Policy: improve relations w/ Latin American & nonintervention
B. Neutrality Acts (1937): prohibits loans, arm sales to belligerent nations; cash & carry of nonmilitary goods
C. Threats to World Order
1. Japan invades Manchuria (1931) & China (1937)
2. Ethiopia falls to It (1936)
3. Gm enters entered Rhineland, Rome-Berlin Axis formed, Gm unites w/ Austria & takes Sudetenland,
takes Czech, non-aggression pact w/ USSR
4. Gm invades Poland
D. American Response—First peace-time draft for men 21-35
E. American Involvement
1. Lend-Lease Act: post-war payment by Br
2. Atlantic Charter: issued by Churchill & FDR, endorsed self-determination
F. Road to Pearl Harbor
1. Embargo on gas, iron, steel on Japan (1940)
2. Japan signed treaty w/ Axis
3. Japanese assets in USA frozen
4. Pearl Harbor attacked 12-7-1941
5. 12-8-1941 FDR asks Congress to declare war.
XXX.
World War II, 1942-1946
A. North African Theater
1. DDE’s allied forces defeat Erwin Rommel (desert Fox)’s Africa Korps
2. Turning Point: El Alamain
B. European Theater
1. Gm tried to attack USSR—Turning Point: Stalingrad
2. D-Day (6-61944): Allied Troops invade France
3. V-E Day (April 1945)
C. Pacific Theater
1. After Pearl Harbor Americans are driven out of the Philippines, Baton Death March
2. Coral Sea (May 1942): Jp advanced toward Australia
3. Midway (June 1942): USA defeated Jp Navy
4. Okinawa (June 1945): Jp defenses destroyed
5. Hiroshima & Nagasaki (1945): atomic bomb dropped
6. Japan surrendered 8-14-1945
D. Diplomacy
1. Yalta Conference: “Big Three” decided on UN & occupation of Gm
2. Potsdam Conference (July/Aug. 1945): demanded Jp surrender
E. Home Front
1. War Production Board (1942): regulated raw material usage
2. Office of Price Administration (1942): regulated prices & wages
3. Revenue Act (1942): extended income tax to majority of population
4. Korematsu v. US (1944): Supreme Court upheld relocation of Jp-Am to concentration camps for military
security
5. A. Phillip Randolph, Civil Right Leader who opposed the war because of Civil Rights
XXXI. The Cold War, 1945-1960
A. Emergence of Containment
1. Truman Doctrine (1947): US policy prevent the expansion of Communism by aiding democracies around
the world, begin with Turkey & Greece
2. Marshall Plan (1947): US’s plan for European economic recovery
3. Berlin Crisis leads to Berlin Airlift ending May 1949
4. NATO: North Atlantic Treaty Organization created April 1949, Soviets respond with the Warsaw Pact
5. SEATO created in 1954 (an Asian version of NATO, though it dissolved in 1977)
B. International Cooperation—United Nations est at San Francisco meeting 1945
1. 1st pres= Eleanor Roosevelt
C. Containment in Asia
1. Korea: No Korea invaded So Korea by crossing 38th // (1950), UN authorized USA forced to invade,
armistice signed June 1953
D. Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy
1. Vietnam: French are defeated at Dien Bien Phu (1954); Geneva Accords est 17th //
2. SEATO: Philippines, Thailand & Pakistan signed Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (1954)
3. Eisenhower Doctrine (1957): use force against advancing Communists in Middle East
4. Cuba (1961): Castro came to power & moved toward USSR; USA beaks diplomacy
XXXII. Domestic Policies, 1945-1960
A. Truman
1. Atomic Energy Commission est (1946)
2. Taft-Hartley Act (1947): Congress restricted union power, outlawed “closed shops”
3. Truman desegregated the military by executive order
4. 1948 Election: Democrats split over Civil Rights, Strom Thurman ran as a “Dixiecrat,” Democrats
nominated Truman, Republicans nominated Dewey; Truman won!
5. GI Bill
B. Anti-Communism
1. Loyalty Review Board (1947): review government employees; root out communist
2. Alger Hiss (1950): accused of being a communist spy, convicted of perjury.
3. McCarren Act (1950): Communist had to register w/ fed government
4. Joseph McCarthy: senator from WI charged Communists were working in State Dept & Army; Second
Red Scare peaked with “McCarthyism,” later censured by senate
5. Ethel and Julius Rosenberg (1953) executed for espionage
C. Eisenhower
1. won 1952 election
2. Earl Warren appointed to Supreme Court as Chief Justice
3. Interstate Hwy System (1956)
4. NASA established 1958 in response to Sputnik; also poured million $$$ into math and science education
D. Civil Rights
1. Brown v. Board of Education (1954): separate facilities unequal
2. Montgomery bus boycott led by MLK, Jr (1955-56)
3. Little Rock, AR (1957): National Guard desegregates Central HS
4. Sit-ins start in Greensboro, N.C. at Woolworths and spread nation wide.
E. Beat Movement
F.
Election 1960: JFK wins over Nixon—first televised debates, prob over JFK being Catholic
XXXIII. Society & Culture, 1945-1960
A. Economic & Demographic Trends
1. GNP nearly doubles
2. Baby boom
3. Suburban growth (Levittowns)
B. Social Conformity
1. Homogeneity: William Whyte’s The Organization Man (1956)
2. Women: books & magazine promote cult of feminine domesticity
3. Church memberships increases
XXXIV. Domestic Policies, 1961-1968
A. Kennedy (New Frontier)
1. Increased minimum wage
2. March on Washington: 200K ppl demonstrate for Civil Rights, MLK, Jr gives “I have a Dream.”
3. Est Peace Corps
4. Kennedy Assassination (11-22-1963)
B. Johnson (Great Society)
1. Civil Rights Act (1964): outlawed racial discrimination by employers & unions; Equal Employment
Opportunity Commission formed
2. Economic Opportunity Act (1964): est Job Corps, VISTA (volunteers in service to America)
3. Voting Rights Act (1965): fed involvement in voter registration
4. Medicare (1965): medical care for retired persons
5. Housing & Urban Development Act (1965) & Dept of Housing & Urban Affairs (1966) aka HUD
XXXV. Foreign Policy, 1961-1968
A. Kennedy
1. Bay of Pigs (April 1961): CIA fails invasion of Cuba
2. Berlin Wall (1961): Krushchev closed border btw West & East Berlin
3. Cuban Missile Crisis (Oct 1962): spy planes discover soviet missiles in Cuba
4. Nuclear test ban (1963): ban atmosphere testing
5. Alliance for Progress (proposed by JFK in 1961) provide aid for Latin America to counter the
“communist threat” and strengthen relations between Latin America and the U.S.
B. Johnson
1. Gulf of Tonkin (Aug 1964): North VN attack USS Maddox, Johnson asked Congress for the Tonkin
Resolutions authorizing the use of military force in North VN
2. Tet Offensive (1968): VC wage counterattack, psychological win, turning point in Vietnam!
a. My Lai Massacre – US soldiers under Lt. William Calley killed hundreds of Vietnamese civilians
(Vietcong?), pictures hit the media, Calley is court-martialed and sentenced to life in prison.
3. Election 1968
a. Robert Kennedy Democratic candidate, assassinated
b. Nixon (R) narrowly defeats Humphrey (D)
XXXVI. Political and Social Activism, 1965-1970
A. Ethnic Activism
1. Racial Riots – Watts, LA (1965), NYC & Chicago (1966), Newark & Detroit (1967)
2. Black Power: Stokely Carmichael calls for black control of Civil Rights
3. Hispanics: Cesar Chavez’s United Hispanic Farm Workers recognized by AFL; boycott grapes
4. Native Americans: American Indian Movement founded (AIM)—Protest @ Wounded Knee
B. Counter Culture Movement and the New Left
1. SDS (Students for a Democratic Society): want participatory democracy
2. UC- Berkley’s sit-ins
3. Women’s Liberation: Betty Friedan’s Feminine Mystique, helped to found NOW (National Organization
Women)
a. Other feminist from the period – Gloria Steinem pushed for the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA);
Jane Fonda (best known for her Vietnam Protests)
b. Phyllis Schlafly, author of A Choice, Not An Echo, opposed the Feminist and the ERA
4. Homosexual Rights visible after raid on Stonewall Inn, Greenwich Village, NYC
5. Hippy movement began to center around the Haight-Ashbury district in San Francisco
C. Thurgood Marshall was appointed by Johnson to the Supreme Court (1967) – first African American
XXXVII.
Domestic Policy & Society, 1969-1980
A. Nixon
1. supported the 26th Amendment (extended to suffrage to18 years), the Clean Air Act, and Revenue
sharing: $30 B to states
B. Watergate
1. Break-in: 5 men caught breaking into the Democratic Headquarters. (June 1973)
2. Congress: Senate investigates & House Judiciary Committee began impeachment hearing (1973-74)
3. Bob Woodward & Carl Bernstein @ Washington Post used investigative reporting
4. Spiro Agnew: Vice President resigned, Nixon appointed Gerald Ford to be VP
5. Nixon resigns—Ford became first unelected president
C. Ford
1. Nixon Pardoned, cost Fort the 1976 Election
D. Carter
1. Election 1976: Carter defeated Ford
2. Economy in Stagflation
3. Energy Department created (1977); energy crisis in America
4. Environment: “superfund” created for clean up
E. Social Trends
1. Hispanic population grew 61%
2. Women: >50% employed; Equal Rights Amendment approved by Congress (1972) not ratified by the
states
3. Population shift to the sunbelt
4. Religion: rise in conservative Christianity; some leads become political (Jerry Farwell)
XXXVIII. Foreign Policy, 1969-1980
A. Nixon
1. Vietnamization: Nixon turns war to So VN, w/drew 60K troops (1969)
2. Cambodia: Nixon ordered bombing, led to ↑ in protests (Kent State)
3. Draft: lottery system instituted (1970-73)
4. Pentagon Papers (1971): revealed that President Johnson had mislead the people, proved that he had
planned the escalation in Vietnam
5. Title IX – Outlawed discrimination based on gender in education.
6. War Powers Act: required congressional approval for commitment of combat troops (1973)
7. SALT: USSR & USA signed Strategic Arms Limitations Treaty
8. Détente: name given to Nixon & Kissinger’s policy to reduce tension due to Cold War
9. Traveled to China & USSR—first president
B. Ford—Saigon fell to North Vietnam
C. Carter
1. Panama (1978): transfer of ownership of canal to Panamanians in 1999
2. Israel (1978): Camp David Agreement signed btw Egypt & Israel which gives Sinai to Egypt
3. SALT II (1979): not passed by Senate
4. Afghanistan (1979): USSR invades, Carter ships grain to Afgh & pulls SALT II from Congress
5. Iran (1979-1980): American backed Shah removed from leadership, hostages taken @ US embassy in
Tehran for 444 days
XXXIX. Domestic Policy & Society, 1981-1993
A. Reagan
1. cuts spending on domestic programs by $39 billion
2. increased defense spending by $12 B
a. Strategic Defense Initiative dubbed “Star Wars”
3. Economic Recovery Tax Act (1981): reduced income tax by 25% over 3 yrs
4. Election 1984: Reagan beats Walter Mondale (Geraldine Ferrara= 1st female on national ticket)
5. appointed Sandra Day O’Connor to the Supreme Court, first female
B. Bush—Elected 1988
1. Deficit @ $4T: raised taxes & cut spending
2. Election 1992: Bill Clinton defeats Bush (R) & Ross Perot (Ind)
C. Social & Culture
1. AIDS discovered (1981)
2.
Labor Unions decline ~19%
XL.
Foreign Policy, 1981-1993
A. Reagan
1. Nicaragua (1981-188)US provided military aid to Contras who opposed leftist Sandinistas; cease fire
signed 1988
2. Grenada (1983): USA overthrew Cuban-backed regime
3. Iran-Contra (1985-86): arms sold to Iranians; profits diverted to Contras; Congressional hearings
B. Bush, Sr.
1. Cold War Ends (we hope!) – the Communist Block in Eastern Europe breaks apart, Berlin Wall was torn
down in later 1989/1990, Collapse of the USSR
2. Panama (1989-Jan 1990): US troops invaded & overthrew Noriega, who allegedly sold drugs in US
3. Persian Gulf War (1990-91): Iraq invaded Kuwait; US troops ordered to Saudi Arabia; Desert Storm used
missiles & air attacks
XLI.
Domestic Policies, 1992-present
A. Clinton
1. Clinton pushed for Universal Health Car – failed!
2. Abortion: overturned “gag” rule prohibiting federally funded clinics from discussing abortion
3. Deficit: $496B reduction of deficit, balanced budget was signed in 1997, 2000 had a $230B surplus
4. Taxes: raised for upper- & middle-class & on gasses
5. AmeriCorps: jobs for college students to ↑ college opportunities
6. Brady Bill: Gun control through waiting periods
7. Contract With America (1994): Sen. Gingrich proposed way to change Am—welfare reform, tougher
anti-crime, term limits, balanced budget—not passed
8. Oklahoma City Bombing (1995): Timothy McVeigh bombs Murrah Federal Building killing 168
9. Impeachment (1998) over perjury
B. Growing Racial & Ethnic Diversity
1. Affirmative Action
2. Bilingual education
3. Nativism
C. George W. Bush
1. Election 2000: Gore won popular vote, Bush won electoral vote, disputed returns in FL
2. Tax cuts, rebates, new energy plan, No Child Left Behind education plan, Federal funding to faith-based
programs
D. Barak Obama
1. Election of 2008: Obama, defeated John McCain, becoming the first African American President
2. ???
XLII.
Foreign Policies, 1994-present
A. Clinton
1. Embassy bombings in Africa by terrorists
2. Haiti (1991): Un issued embargo & USA sent troops b/c democratically elected pres was overthrown.
Carter able to negotiate.
3. North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA): work to eliminate tariffs btw Mx, USA, Canada
4. Bosnia (1995): Ethnic cleansing stopped by NATO & US troops.
5. Kosovo (1996): Albanians wanted to separate from rest of Serbia, NATO & US troops intervene
B. Environment—Global warming, nuclear proliferation, ozone concerns
C. Bush—War on Terrorism
1. Sept. 11, 2001—Planes crash into WTC, Pentagon & PA field
a. Patriot Act
2. Conflict in Afghanistan (2001-Present): Military attack on al-Qaeda camps & Osama bin Laden;
removed the Taliban from power…
3. Conflict in Iraq (2003-Present): Military attack to remove Saddam Hussein from power and establish a
democracy in Iraq… to be contined…
D. Obama—???
Supreme Court Cases to Know:
Brown v. Board of Education, 1954 (both) – ended school segregation
Bush v. Gore, 2001- stopped the recount in FL, Bush won the Election
Dartmouth College v. Woodward, 1819 – stopped the New Hampshire from taking over a private college
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 1857- overturned the compromise line of 1820, ruled that Congress had no authority to
outlaw slavery in the territories, ruled that slaves were property and not citizens
Engle v. Vitale, 1962 – first case to even mention “separation of church and state” – outlawed teacher-lead pray in
schools.
Escobedo v. IL, 1964 – criminal suspects have a right to a lawyer during interrogations
Gibbons v. Ogden, 1824 – Congress has the power to regulate interstate navigation
Gideon v. Wainwright, 1963 – Right to a lawyer in a criminal trial when tried in a state court
Korematsu v. US, 1944 – upheld Executive Order 9066 (Japanese Internment)
Mapp v. Ohio, 1961 – exclusionary rule – illegal evidence is impermissible in court
Marbury v. Madison, 1803 – established Judicial Review
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819 – States cannot tax the Federal Government (ie the National Bank of the US)
Miranda v. AZ, 1966 – one must be informed of their rights before questioning.
Munn v. IL – allowed states to regulate business (ie RR) within their border
Wabash v. IL – limited the power of the states to regulate the RR due to the “interstate” clause… lead to the
creation of the ICC
US v. EC Knight— filed to stop the forming of the sugar trust, but the sugar trust won because the factory was
within a state, Knight Sugar Company controlled 98% of market
Plessy v. Ferguson, 1896 – established the doctrine of “separate but equal”
Regents of CA v. Bakke, 1978 – case of reverse discrimination, race cannot be the only factor when determining
college admission.
Roe v. Wade, 1973 – legalized abortion
Schenck v. US, 1919 – free speech can be limited during times of war or to protect public safety
Swann v. Charlotte Meck. School District, 1969 – forced bussing can be used to desegregate (this was recently
overturned)
Tinker v. Des Moines School District, 1969 – free speech applies to students so long as it does not disrupt
classroom instruction
New Jersey v. T.L.O. – schools need only “suspicion” in order to search a student
Texas v. Johnson, 1991 – flag burning was upheld under the courts interpretation of the first amendment
US v. Nixon – presidents have “executive privilege” but only in matters of national security – Nixon had to turn
over the tapes…
Worcester v. GA – Cherokee’s were entitled to their land, however, Jackson refused to enforce the ruling
Texas v. White, 1869 – Declared that secession was unconstitutional.
Terms to Know:
Goal 1
Judiciary Act of 1789
Bill of Rights
Hamilton’s Economic Plan
Whiskey Rebellion
Democratic-Republican Party
Federalist Party
Election of 1800
“Midnight Judges”
Laissez-faire
Marbury v. Madison, (1803)
John Marshall
Louisiana Purchase
Alien & Sedition Acts
Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions
Hartford Convention (1814)
Suffrage requirements
Tecumseh
Cotton Gin
Eli Whitney
“Necessary Evil”
Emancipation
Treaty of Greenville 1796
XYZ Affair
Revolution of 1800
Impressment of seamen
Embargo Act 1807
President Washington’s
Proclamation Neutrality
President Washington’s
Farewell Address
War Hawks
War of 1812
Battle of New Orleans
Treaty of Ghent
Adams-Onis Treaty
Jay’s Treaty
Pinckney’s Treaty
Goal 2
Missouri Compromise
The Indian Removal Act 1830
Sequoyah
Worchester v. Georgia, 1832
Trail of Tears
White man suffrage
The Alamo
Election of 1844
Texas Annexation
“54-40 or Fight!”
Mexican War
Wilmot Proviso
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
49ers
Stephen Austin
Gadsden Purchase
Lewis and Clark
Oregon Trail
Noah Webster
Ralph Waldo Emerson
Henry David Thoreau
Neoclassical Architecture
Washington Irving
Edgar Allen Poe
Nathaniel Hawthorne
James Fennimore Cooper
Hudson River School of Artists
Alex de Tocqueville
Samuel Morse
Eli Whitney
John Deere
Cyrus McCormick
Robert Fulton
Erie Canal
Cotton Kingdom
1st Industrial Revolution
Nativism
Know-Nothings
William Lloyd Garrison
Frederick Douglass
Henry Clay
American System
Panic of 1819
McCulloch v. Maryland, 1819
Election of 1824
“corrupt bargain”
suffrage
spoils system
Tariff of Abomination
South Carolina Nullification Crisis
South Carolina Exposition and Protest
Election of 1832
Pet Banks
Whig Party
Election of 1840
Nat Turner’s Rebellion
Monroe Doctrine
Dorothea Dix
Horace Mann
Elizabeth Cady Stanton
Lucretia Mott
Seneca Falls Convention
Sojourner Truth
Susan B. Anthony
Utopian Communities
Brook Farm
Oneida
New Harmony
Rehabilitation
Prison Reform
Grimke Sisters
David Walker
Charles G. Finney
Goal 3
Anti-slavery movement
Slave codes
Underground Railroad
Harriet Tubman
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Bleeding Kansas
Republican Party
Popular Sovereignty
Sumner-Brooks Incident
Freeport Doctrine
Lincoln-Douglas Debates
Free Soil Party
Compromise of 1850
Dred Scott v. Sanford, 1857
John Brown and Harper’s Ferry
Fugitive Slave Act
Missouri Compromise
Compromise of 1850
Harriet Beecher Stowe
Uncle Tom’s Cabin
Fugitive Slave Law
Election of 1860
Secession
Fort Sumter, S.C.
Abraham Lincoln
Jefferson Davis
Confederation
First Battle of Bull Run/ Manassas
John Wilkes Booth
Antietam
Vicksburg
Gettysburg
Gettysburg Address
Writ of Habeas Corpus
Election of 1864
William Sherman’s March
Anaconda Plan
Copperheads
Emancipation Proclamation
African-American participation
Appomattox Court House
Robert E. Lee
Ulysses S. Grant
George McClellan
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
Freedman’s Bureau
Radical Republicans
Reconstruction plans
Thaddeus Stevens
Andrew Johnson
Tenure of Office Act
Johnson’s impeachment
Scalawags
Carpetbaggers
Black Codes
Ku Klux Klan
Sharecroppers
Tenant farmers
Jim Crow laws
The Whiskey Ring
Solid South
Military reconstruction
13th amendment
14th amendment
15th amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1866
Election of 1876
Compromise of 1877
Goal 4
Joseph Smith
Brigham Young
Mormons
Homestead Act
Roles of women
Roles of African Americans
Roles of Chinese
Roles of Irish
Comstock Lode
Morrill Land Grant Act 1862
Sod houses
Oklahoma Land Rush
Dawes Severalty Act
Chief Joseph
Nez Perce
Battle of Little Big Horn
Sand Creek Massacre
Wounded Knee
Helen Hunt Jackson’s
Century of Dishonor
Buffalo Soldiers
Promontory Point, Utah
Transcontinental Railroad
Irish immigrants
Chinese immigrants
The Grange
National Farmer Alliances
Southern Alliance
Colored Farmers Alliance
Omaha Platform
Interstate Commerce Act
Rebates
William Jennings Bryan
“Cross of Gold Speech”
Greenbacks
Barbed wire
Refrigerator car
Windmill
Farmer’s Cooperatives
Steel Plow
Vertical/horizontal integration
Interlocking directorates
Goal 5
Elevator
Electric trolleys
Jacob Riis
Ellis Island
Culture shock
Settlement houses
Jane Addams
Dumbbell tenements
Chinese Exclusion Act
Telephone
Alexander Graham Bell
Thomas Edison
Typewriter
Sweatshops
Amusement parks
Spectator sports
Frederick Olmstead
Cultural pluralism
Urbanization
Nativism
Melting pot
Bessemer Process
Andrew Carnegie
John Rockefeller
J. P. Morgan
Vanderbilt family
Edwin Drake
Standard Oil Company
U. S. Steel
George Westinghouse
Gospel of Wealth
Horatio Alger
Social Darwinism
Trust
Monopoly
Gilded Age
Working conditions
Wages
Child labor
Craft unions
Trade unions
Knights of Labor
Haymarket Riot
American Federation of Labor
Samuel Gompers
Eugene Debs
Strike
Negotiation
Mediation
Collective bargaining
Arbitration
Yellow-dog contract
Closed shop
Sherman Antitrust Act
The Great Strike (1877)
Pullman Strike
Homestead Strike
Pendleton Act
Political machines
Boss Tweed
Tammany Hall
Thomas Nast
Credit Mobilier scandal
Graft
Whiskey Ring scandal
Populism
Secret ballot (Australian)
Initiative
Referendum
Recall
Mugwumps
Goal 6
Alfred T. Mahan
Josiah Strong
Frederick Jackson Turner
Imperialism
Spheres of influence
Queen Liliuokalani
Seward’s Folly
Treaty of Paris 1898
Platt Amendment
“Splendid Little War”
Social Darwinism
Philippines
Commodore George Dewey
Theodore Roosevelt
Rough Riders
William Randolph Hearst
Joseph Pulitzer
USS Maine
Panama Canal
Pancho Villa Raids
“Jingoism”
Dollar Diplomacy
Roosevelt Corollary
Anti-Imperialism League
Missionary (Moral) Diplomacy
Boxer Rebellion
Open Door Policy
Annexation of Hawaii
Goal 7
Muckraking
Ida Tarbell
Lincoln Steffens
Upton Sinclair
Jacob Riis
Urban slums
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
Jane Addams/Hull House
16th Amendment
17th Amendment
18th Amendment
(Volstead Act)
19th Amendment
Carrie A. Nation
Anthracite Coal Strike
Sherman Anti-Trust Act
Northern Securities v U.S., 1904
American Tobacco v U.S., 1911
US v EC Knight &Co, 1895
Payne Aldrich Tariff, 1909
Mann Elkins Act
Robert LaFollette
Election of 1912
Progressive/Bull Moose Party
Federal Reserve Act
Plessey v Ferguson, 1896
Booker T. Washington
W.E.B. Dubois
Ida B. Wells Barnett
Great Migration
Niagara Movement
Atlanta Compromise Speech
The NAACP
Nationwide lynching
Disenfranchisement
Literacy test
Poll taxes
Grandfather clauses
Wright brothers
Movie Camera
Coca Cola
Ford’s Innovations:
$5 day
Assembly line
Model T
Workers as consumers
Electricity
Mail order catalogs
Skyscrapers
Kodak cameras
Airline service
Sewing machine
Goal 8
Nationalism
Militarism
Alliances
Archduke Francis Ferdinand
U-Boat submarine warfare
Serbia
Allies
Central Powers
Kaiser Wilhelm II
Contraband
Zimmerman Telegram
Lusitania
Mobilization
Election of 1916
Woodrow Wilson
Isolationists
Selective Service Act
Jeanette Rankin
“Make the world safe for democracy”
Idealism
(The first 13 terms should have been
introduced in World History and are
reviewed here.)
John J. Pershing
American Expeditionary Force
Trench warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Mustard gas
Doughboys
Armistice
Fourteen Points (1-5, 14)
“The Big Four”
“Peace without victory”
Russian and Bolshevik Revolutions
Treaty of Versailles
League of Nations
Henry Cabot Lodge
17th Amendment
18th Amendment
19th Amendment
Industrial Workers of the World
Self-determination
Committee on Public Information/
George Creel
Food Administration/
Herbert Hoover
War Industries Board/Bernard Baruch
Ku Klux Klan
Palmer/Palmer Raids
Espionage and Sedition Acts
Eugene V. Debs
Schenck v United States, 1919
Sacco and Vanzetti
John L. Lewis (United Mine Workers)
Washington Naval Conference
Dawes Plan
Goal 9
“Return to Normalcy”
laissez-faire
Teapot Dome scandal
Albert Fall
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Speculation
Buying on the margin
Mechanization
“Black Tuesday”
Rugged individualism
Direct relief
Easy credit
Installment plan
Overproduction
Hoovervilles
Soup kitchens
Breadlines
Radio
Market/advertising
Jazz
Silent and “talkies” films
“The Jazz Singer”
Lost Generation
Langston Hughes
Louis Armstrong
F. Scott Fitzgerald
Ernest Hemingway
Sinclair Lewis
Speakeasies
Bootleggers
Babe Ruth
Charles Lindbergh
Automobiles
FDR’s “Fireside Chats”
Zora Neal Hurston
Marcus Garvey
United Negro Improvement
Association
W.E.B. Dubois (repeat)
Fundamentalism
Scopes Trial
Aimee Semple McPherson
Billy Sunday
Margaret Sanger
Deficit spending
Social Security
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation
(FDIC)
Securities and Exchange Commission
(SEC)
Public Works Administration (PWA)
Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)
Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)
National Industrial Recovery Act
(NIRA)
Works Progress Administration
(WPA)
National Labor Relations Act (Wagner
Act)
Fair Labor Standards Act
Father Charles Coughlin
Huey P. Long
Frances Perkins
Goal 10
Adolf Hitler
Benito Mussolini
Emperor Hirohito
Winston Churchill
Fascism
Joseph Stalin
Munich Pact
Third Reich
Four Freedoms
Kellogg-Briand Pact
Lend-Lease Act
Neutrality Acts
Non-Aggression Pact
Pearl Harbor
Quarantine Speech
(The terms in the top of the column
are review from World History)
Atomic bomb
Battle of Britain
Battle of the Bulge
Blitzkrieg
Chester Nimitz
D-Day (Operation Overlord)
Douglas MacArthur
George Patton
Holocaust
Newsreels
Pamphlets
Airdrops
War posters
Iwo Jima
J. Robert Oppenheimer
Manhattan Project
Midway
Island hopping
Nuremberg Trials
Okinawa
Pearl Harbor
Stalingrad
Tehran
V-E Day, V-J Day
Casablanca, Potsdam
War bonds
Baby boomers
Fair Deal
G.I. Bill
Korematsu v United States, 1944
Levittown
Northern Migration
Middle class
Rosie the Riveter
Selective Services Act
AFL-CIO
Taft-Hartley Act
WACS
War Production Board
Japanese Internment Sites
Japanese American Museum
Japanese Internment
Rationing
Bay of Pigs
Berlin Airlift
Berlin Wall
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Cuban Missile Crisis
Douglas MacArthur
Eisenhower Doctrine
Fidel Castro
Geneva Accords
Hydrogen Bomb
Iron Curtain
Police Action
Test Ban Treaty
Chinese Civil War
Israel
Korean War
Marshall Plan
Nikita Khrushchev
Truman Doctrine
U-2 Incident
Alliance for Progress
N.A.T.O.
O.A.S.
S.E.A.T.O.
Security Council
United Nations
Warsaw Pact
Goal 11
“Duck and cover”
Fallout Shelters
National Security Act, 1947
House on Un-American
Activities Committee
Alger Hiss
Julius and Ethel Rosenberg
Hollywood Blacklist
The National Highway Act
Selective Service System
New Left
Détente
S.A.L.T. I and II
Montgomery bus boycotts
Rosa Parks
Martin Luther King, Jr.
Malcolm X
Black Panthers
Black Power Movement
Stokley Carmichael
C.O.R.E.
S.N.C.C.
March on Washington
James Meredith
Little Rock Nine
George Wallace
Brown v Board of Education, Topeka,
Kansas, 1954
Thurgood Marshall
Earl Warren
24th amendment
Civil Rights Act of 1964
Voting Rights Act of 1965
Women’s Liberation
National Organization for Women
Gloria Steinem
Phyllis Schafly
The Feminine Mystique
Equal Rights Amendment
Roe v. Wade, 1973
British Invasion-Beatles
Elvis Presley
Haight-Ashbury
Woodstock
Cesar Chavez
American Indian Movement
Clean Air Act
Clean Water Act
Environmental Protection Agency
Betty Friedan
Tet Offensive
Robert McNamara
Gulf of Tonkin Resolution
War Powers Act 1973
Ho Chi Minh
My Lai Incident
Agent Orange
Napalm
Vietcong
Pentagon Papers
26th Amendment
General William Westmoreland
Kent State
Cambodia/Laos
Fall of Saigon, 1975
Paris Peace Accords
Operation Rolling Thunder
Radio in 1950’s
Sputnik
NASA
National Defense Education Act
Space Programs
Neil Armstrong
John Glenn
Computers
Calculators
Silicon Valley
ICBMs
Hydrogen bombs
Color television
Microwave technology
Nuclear power
Commercial jet travel
HUD
Head Start
VISTA
Medicare
Peace Corps
National Endowment for the
Humanities
New York Times v U.S. 1971
United States v Nixon 1974
Sam Ervin/Senate Watergate
Committee
John Dean
Bob Woodward/Carl Bernstein
Democratic National Convention 1968
25th Amendment
Students for a Democratic Society
(SDS)
Goal 12
Yasser Arafat-Palestine Nationalism
(PLO)
U.S. invasion of Lebanon
Yom Kipper War
Camp David Accords
Anwar el-Sadat
Menachem Begin
Shah of Iran
Ayatollah Khomeini
Iranian Hostage Crisis
Jimmy Carter
Famine/Somalia and Ethiopia
Foreign debt
Apartheid
Nelson Mandela
Helsinki Accords
Strategic Defense Initiative (Star
Wars)
Iran-Contra Affair
INF Treaty
Mikhail Gorbachev
Saddam Hussein
Persian Gulf Wars
Fall of the Berlin Wall
Tiananmen Square
Sandra Day O’Connor
Clarence Thomas
Microsoft
27th Amendment
Flag burning
Americans with Disabilities Act
Political Action Committees
Geraldine Ferraro
Title IX
Texas v Johnson
Swan v Charlotte Mecklenburg
Schools
William Rehnquist
WIN (Ford)
Stagflation
NAFTA
Department of Energy
Airline deregulation
Three Mile Island
Energy Crisis
National Energy Act
Solar Energy
Supply-Side economics
Computer revolution
Internet
Bill Gates
National debt
Food stamps
NASDAQ, 1990’s
“Trickle-down” theory
Challenger disaster
Presidential pardon
1976 election
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
Amnesty
Elections of 1980-2000
New Right Coalition
New Federalism
Graying of America
New Democrat
Ross Perot
Bill Clinton
Al Gore
Joe Lieberman
John McCain
Newt Gingrich
Immigration Policy Act
Republican Election of 2000
Regents of UC v Bakke 1978
Reverse discrimination
Affirmative action
Minorities in politics
Multiculturalism
Green Card
Nativist
Bilingual education
ESEA-No Child Left Behind
Patriot Act
Embassy bombings
September 11, 2001
Al-Quaeda
Colin Powell
Osama bin Laden
Taliban Regime
Terrorist network
George W. Bush
World Trade Center
War on Iraq
Afghanistan
Department of Homeland Security
Nuclear proliferation
Airport security
Pre-emptive strikes
“Axis of Evil”