16.4
ENGINEERING INFORMATION UNIT CONVERSIONS
REV. 4-99
Conversion factors for various engineering units
Multiply
Acres
Acre feet
Acre feet
Acre feet
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Atmospheres
Barrels - Cement
Bags or Sacks - Cement
Board - feet
British Thermal Units
British Thermal Units
British Thermal Units
Btu/min.
Btu/min.
Btu/min.
Btu/min.
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeters
Centimeter of mercury
Centimeter of mercury
Centimeter of mercury
Centimeter of mercury
Centimeter of mercury
Centimeters/seconds
Centimeters/seconds
Cm/sec./sec.
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic centimeters
Cubic Cm/min.
Cubic Cm/min.
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet
Cubic feet/min.
Cubic feet/min.
Cubic feet/sec.
Cubic feet/sec.
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic inches
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic meters
Cubic yards
Degrees ( angle)
Degrees ( angle)
Degrees ( angle)
Degrees/sec.
Degrees/sec.
Degrees/sec.
Fathoms
Feet
Feet
Feet
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet of water
Feet/min.
Feet/min.
Feet/sec.
Foot lb.
Foot lb.
Foot lb.
By
43560
43560
325851
1233.49
76.0
29.92
33.90
14.70
376
94
144 sq. in. x 1 in.
777.5
0.0003927
0.0002928
12.96
0.02356
0.01757
17.57
0.3937
0.01
10
0.01316
0.4461
136
27.85
0.1934
1.969
0.03281
0.03281
0.00003531
0.06102
0.000001308
0.0002642
0.03381
0.002118
0.002641
1728
7.48052
59.84
29.92
472.0
0.1247
0.646317
448.831
0.0005787
0.00002143
0.004329
35.31
61.023
1.308
264.2
27
60
0.01745
3600
0.01745
0.1667
0.002778
6
30.48
12
0.3048
0.0295
0.8826
62.43
0.4335
0.01667
0.01136
0.6818
0.001286
0.000000505
0.0000003766
To Obtain
Sq. ft.
Cubic ft.
Gallons
Cubic meters
Cm of mercury
Inches of mercury
Feet of water
Lb/sq. in.
Lb - cement
Lb - cement
Cubic in.
Foot lbs.
Horsepower - hrs.
Kilowatt - hrs.
Foot lbs./sec
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Watts
Inches
Meters
Millimeters
Atmospheres
Ft. of water
Kg/sq. meter
Lb/sq. meter
Lb/sq. in.
Feet/min.
Feet/sec.
Feet/sec./sec.
Cubic ft.
Cubic in.
Cubic yds.
Gallons
Ounces (fluid)
Cu. ft./hr.
Gal./min.
Cubic in.
Gallons
Pints ( liq.)
Quarts (liq.)
Cubic cm/sec.
Gal/sec. 7.48 gal/min
Million gal./day
Gal/min.
Cubic ft.
Cubic yds.
Gal
Cu. ft.
Cu. in.
Cu. yds.
Gal
Cu. ft.
Minutes
Radians
Seconds
Radians/sec.
Revolutions/min.
Revolutions/min.
Feet
Centimeters
Inches
Meters
Atmosphere
In. of mercury
Lb/sq. ft.
Lb/sq. in
Feet/sec.
Miles/hr.
Miles/hr.
Btu
Horsepower hrs.
Kilowatt hrs.
Multiply
Foot lb/min.
Foot lb/min.
Foot lb/min.
Foot lb/min.
Foot lb/sec.
Foot lb/sec.
Foot lb/sec.
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons
Gallons (Imperial)
Gallons (U.S.)
Gallons water
Gallons/min.
Gallons/min.
Grains/U.S. gallons
Grains/U.S. gallons
Grains/U.S. gallons
Grams
Grams
Grams/cu. cm
Grams/cu. cm
Grams/liter
Grams/liter
Grams/liter
Grams/liter
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower
Horsepower (boiler)
Horsepower (boiler)
Horsepower hours
Horsepower hours
Inches
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of mercury
Inches of water
Inches of water
Inches of water
Inches of water
Inches of water
Kilograms
Kg/meter
Kg/sq. meter
Kg/sq. meter
Kg/sq. meter
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilometers
Kilometers/hr.
Kilometers/hr.
Kilometers/hr.
Kilometers/hr.
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatts
Kilowatt hrs.
Kilowatt hrs.
Kilowatt hrs.
Liters
Liters
Liters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters
Meters/sec.
By
0.001286
0.01667
0.0000303
0.0000266
0.0717
0.001818
0.001356
3785
0.1337
231
1.20095
0.83267
8.3453
0.002228
8.0208
17.118
142.86
14.254
0.03527
0.002205
62.43
0.03613
58.417
8.345
0.062427
1000
42.44
33000
550
0.7457
33479
9.803
2547
7457
2.540
0.03342
1.133
70.73
0.4912
0.002458
0.07355
5.202
0.03613
0.5781
2.205
0.6720
0.003281
0.2048
0.001422
3281
0.6214
1094
27.78
54.68
0.9113
0.6214
56.92
44250
737.6
1.341
1000
3415
2655000
1.341
0.03531
61.02
0.2642
100
3.281
39.37
1.094
196.8
To Obtain
Btu/min.
Ft. lb/sec.
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Btu/min.
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Cubic cm.
Cubic ft.
Cubic in.
U.S. gallons
Imperial gallons
Pounds of water
Cu. ft./sec.
Cu. ft./hr.
Parts/million
Lb/million
Parts/million
Ounces
Pounds
Pounds/cu. ft.
Pounds/cu. in.
Grains/gal.
Pounds/1000 gal.
Pounds/cu. ft.
Parts/million
Btu/min.
Ft. lb/min.
Ft. lb/sec.
Kilowatts
Btu/hr.
Kilowatts
Btu
Kilowatt hours
Centimeters
Atmospheres
Ft. of water
Lb/sq. ft.
Lb/sq. in
Atmospheres
Inches in mercury
Lb/sq. ft.
Lb/sq. in
Ounces/sq. in.
Lb
Lb/ft
Feet of water
Lb/sq. ft.
Lb/sq. in
Feet
Miles
Yards
Centimeters/sec.
Feet/min.
Feet/sec.
Miles/hr.
Btu/min.
Ft. lb/min.
Ft. lb/sec.
Horsepower
Watts
Btu
Ft. lb.
Horsepower - hrs.
Cu. ft.
Cu. in.
Gallons
Centimeters
Feet
Inches
Yards
Ft./min.
ENGINEERING INFORMATION UNIT CONVERSIONS
16.5
REV. 4-99
Conversion factors for various engineering units (continued)
Multiply
By
Millimeters
Millimeters
Milligrams/liter
Million gal/day
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces
Ounces (fluid)
Ounces (fluid)
Ounces/sq. in.
Parts/million
Parts/million
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds
Pounds of water
Pounds of water
Pounds of water
Pounds/cu. ft.
Pounds/cu. in.
Pounds/sq. ft.
Pounds/sq. ft.
Pounds/sq. in.
Pounds/sq. in.
Quarts (liquid)
Radians
Radians
Radians
Radians/sec.
Radians/sec.
Radians/sec.
Revolutions
Revolutions
0.1
0.03937
1
1.54723
437.5
28.349527
0.0625
1.805
0.02957
0.0625
0.0584
8.345
16
7000
453.5924
0.01602
27.68
0.1198
0.0005787
1728
0.01602
0.006945
2.307
2.036
57.75
57.30
3438
0.637
57.30
0.1592
9549
360
4
To Obtain
Multiply
Centimeters
Inches
Parts/million
Cu. ft./sec.
Grains
Grams
Pounds
Cu. in.
Liters
Lb/sq. in.
Grains/U.S. gal
Lb/million gal
Ounces
Grains
Grams
Cu. ft.
Cu. in.
Gallons
Lb/cu. in.
Lb/cu. ft.
Feet of water
Pounds/sq. in.
Feet of water
Inches of mercury
Cu. in.
Degrees
Minutes
Quadrants
Degrees/sec.
Revolutions/sec.
Revolutions/min.
Degrees
Quadrants
By
Revolutions
Revolutions/min.
Revolutions/min.
Revolutions/min.
Square feet
Square feet
Square kilometers
Square kilometers
Square kilometers
Square kilometers
Square meters
Square meters
Square meters
Square meters
Square miles
Square miles
Square millimeters
Square yards
Square yards
Square yards
Temp. ( °C) + 273
To Obtain
6.283
6
0.1047
0.01667
0.00002296
144
247.1
10760000
0.3861
1196000
0.0002471
10.76
0.0000003861
1.196
640
27880000
0.00155
0.0002066
9
0.0000003228
1
Radians
Degrees/sec.
Radians/sec.
Revolutions/sec.
Acres
Sq. in.
Acres
Sq. ft.
Sq. miles
Sq. yds.
Acres
Sq. ft.
Sq. miles
Sq. yards
Acres
Sq. ft.
Sq. in.
Acres
Sq. ft.
Sq. miles
1.8
Temp (°F )
Abs. temp. (°F )
Temp. ( °C) + 17.78
1
Temp. (°F ) + 460
5/9
0.05692
44.26
0.001341
0.010
91.44
3
36
0.9144
Temp. (°F ) - 32
Watts
Watts
Watts
Watts
Yards
Yards
Yards
Yards
Abs. temp. (°C )
Temp (°C )
Btu/min.
Ft. lb/min.
Horsepower
Kilowatts
Centimeters
Feet
Inches
Meters
English to Metric Conversions
AREA
To convert from to
BENDING MOMENT or TORQUE
multiply by
2
2
acre
meter (m ) 4.046 856 E+03
circular mil
meter2 (m2) 5.067 075 E -10
foot 2
meter2 (m2) 9.290 304* E -02
inch
2
mile
2
2
(U.S. statute)
township
yard
2
2
meter (m ) 2.589 988 E+06
meter2 (m2) 2.589 988 E+06
2
meter2 (m ) 8.361 274 E -01
To convert from
to
British thermal unit
joule (J) 1.055 056 E+03
newton-meter
(N•m)
1.000 000* E -07
kilogram-forcemeter
newton-meter
(N•m)
9.806 650* E+00
ounce-force-inch
newton-meter
(N•m)
7.061 552
E -03
pound-force-inch
newton-meter
(N•m)
1.129 848
E -01
pound-force-foot
newton-meter
(N•m)
1.355 818 E +00
meter2 (m2) 9.323 957 E+07
ENERGY (includes Work)
multiply by
dyne-centimeter
meter2 (m ) 6.451 600* E -04
section
2
To convert from to
(International Table)
electron volt
multiply by
joule (J) 1.602 19 E -19
erg
joule (J) 1.000 000*E -07
foot-pound-force
joule (J) 1.355 818 E+00
foot-poundal
joule (J) 4.214 011 E -02
joule, international
U.S(JINT-US)
joule (J) 1.000 182 E+00
joule, U.S.legal 1948
joule (J) 1.000 017 E+00
(JUS-48)
kilowatt-hour
joule (J) 3.600 000*E+06
kilowatt-hour, interna- joule (J) 3.600 655 E+06
tional U.S.(kWhINT-US)
* Exact - not rounded
kilowatt-hour,U.S.
legal 1948(kWhUS-48)
joule (J) 3.600 061 E +06
watt-hour
joule (J) 3.600 000*E+03
watt-second
joule (J) 1.000 000*E +00
16.6
ENGINEERING INFORMATION UNIT CONVERSIONS
REV. 4-99
English to Metric Conversions (continued)
FORCE
To convert from to
HEAT
multiply by
dyne
newton (N) 1.000 000*E -05
kilogram-force
newton (N) 9.806 650*E+00
kip
newton (N) 4.448 222 E+03
ounce-force
(avoirdupois)
newton (N) 2.780 139 E -01
pound-force
(lbf avoirdupois) newton (N) 4.448 222 E+00
poundal
to
Btu* in./s • ft2 • °F
(k, thermal conductivity)
watt/meterkelvin (W/m·K)
Btu* in./h • ft2 • °F
(k, thermal conductivity)
watt/meter1.442 279 E -01
kelvin (W/m•Κ)
To convert
from
to
multiply by
carat (metric)
kilogram (kg) 2.000 000* E-04
grain
kilogram (kg) 6.479 891*E -05
gram
kilogram (kg) 1.000 000*E -03
hundredweight
(long)
hundredweight
(short)
kilogram-forcesecond2/meter
Btu* h • ft2 • °F
(C, thermal conductance)
Watt/meter25.678 263 E+00
kelvin (W/m2•Κ)
Btu* /pound-mass
joule/kilogram
(J/kg)
2.326 000*E+03
Btu* lbm • °F
(c, heat capacity)
joule/kilogramkelvin (J/kg•Κ)
4.186 800*E+03
Btu* /s • ft2 • °F
Watt/meter22.044 175 E+04
kelvin (W/m2•Κ)
cal * /g
joule/kilogram
(J/kg)
kilogram-mass
ounce-mass
1.135 653 E+04
4.186 800*E+03
cal */g• °C
joule/kilogramkelvin (J/kg•Κ)
clo
kelvin-meter2/
watt (K•m2/W)
2.003 712 E -01
kelvin-meter2/
watt (K•m2/W)
1.761 102 E -01
deg F • h • ft2/Btu*
(R, thermal resistance)
kilogram (kg) 4.535 924 E+01
meter2/second
ft2/h (thermal diffusivity) (m
2/s)
(mass)
5.192 204 E+02
joule/meter2
(J/m2)
kilogram (kg) 5.080 235 E+01
kilogram (kg) 9.806 650*E+01
multiply by
Btu* /ft2
newton (N) 1.382 550 E -01
MASS
LENGTH
To convert from
4.186 800*E+03
ounce-mass
(troy or apothecary)
pennyweight
kilogram (kg) 1.000 000*E+00
kilogram (kg) 1.555 174 E -03
pound-mass
MASS/VOLUME
To convert from
kilogram (kg) 3.732 417 E -01
grain (lbm avoirdupois/ kilogram/meter3
1.711 806 E-02
3
7000)/gallon (US liquid) (kg/m )
slug
kilogram (kg) 1.459 390 E+01
gram/centimeter3
kilogram/meter3 1.000 000*E+03
(kg/m3)
ton (assay)
kilogram (kg) 2.916 667 E -02
ounce (avoirdupois)
/gallon (UK liquid)
kilogram/meter3 6.236 021 E+00
(kg/m3)
pound-mass
(troy or apothecary)
ton (long, 2240 lbm) kilogram (kg) 1.016 047 E+03
ton (metric)
kilogram (kg) 1.000 000*E+03
ton (short,2000 lbm) kilogram (kg) 9.071 847 E+02
MASS/AREA
To convert to
from
pound- 2
mass/foot
multiply by
kilogram/meter
(kg/m2)
* Exact - not rounded
4.882 428* E+00
to
multiply by
ounce (avoirdupois)
/gallon (US liquid)
kilogram/meter3 7.489 152 E+00
(kg/m3)
ounce (avoirdupois)
(mass) /inch3
kilogram/meter3 1.729 994 E+03
(kg/m3)
pound-mass/foot3
kilogram/meter3 1.601 846 E+01
(kg/m3)
pound-mass/inch3
kilogram/meter3 2.767 990 E+04
(kg/m3)
pound-mass/gallon
kilogram/meter3 9.977 633 E+01
(kg/m3)
meter (m) 1.495 98 E+11
caliber (inch)
meter (m) 2.540 000*E -02
fathom
meter (m) 1.828 800*E+00
fermi (femtometer)
meter (m) 1.000 000*E -15
foot
meter (m) 3.048 000*E -01
inch
meter (m) 2.540 000*E -02
league
meter (m) 5.556 000*E+03
league (statute)
meter (m) 4.828 032*E+03
league
(U.K. nautical)
meter (m) 5.559 552*E+03
light year
meter (m) 9.460 55 E+15
microinch
meter (m) 2.540 000*E -08
micron
meter (m) 1.000 000*E -06
mil
meter (m) 2.540 000*E -05
mile
meter (m) 1.852 000*E+03
(international nautical)
(U.K. nautical)
meter (m) 1.853 184*E+03
(U.S. nautical)
meter (m) 1.852 000*E+03
mile (U.S. statute)
meter (m) 1.609 344*E+03
parsec
meter (m) 3.083 74 E+16
rod
meter (m) 5.029 200*E+00
statute mile (U.S.)
meter (m) 1.609 344*E+03
yard
meter (m) 9.144 000*E -01
TEMPERATURE
To convert
from
to
multiply by
degree Celsius
kelvin (k)
tK = t°C + 273.15
degree Fahrenheit kelvin (k)
tK = (t°F + 459.67)/1.8
degree Rankine
tK = t°R/1.8
kelvin (k)
degree Fahrenheit degree Celsius
5°C = (t°F - 32)/1.8
TIME
To convert from to
multiply by
day (sidereal)
second (s) 8.616 409 E+04
kilogram/meter3 1.198 264 E+02
(kg/m3)
hour (sidereal)
second (s) 3.590 170 E+03
slug/foot3
kilogram/meter3 5.153 788 E+02
(kg/m3)
second (sidereal) second (s) 9.972 696 E -01
ton (long, mass)/yard3
kilogram/meter3 1.328 939 E+03
(kg/m3)
(UK liquid)
pound-mass/gallon
2
astronomical unit
(international nautical)
multiply by
(Includes Density and Mass Capacity)
kilogram (kg) 4.535 924 E -01
(lbm avoirdupois)
meter (m) 1.000 000*E -10
mile
* International Table
kilogram (kg) 3.110 348 E -02
to
angstrom
mile
2.580 640*E -05
kilogram (kg) 2.834 952 E -02
(avoirdupois)
To convert from
(US liquid)
minute (sidereal) second (s) 5.983 617 E+01
year (sidereal)
second (s) 3.155 815 E+07
ENGINEERING INFORMATION UNIT CONVERSIONS
16.7
REV. 4-99
English to Metric Conversions (continued)
PRESSURE or STRESS
(Force/Area)
To convert from
atmosphere
(normal = 760 torr)
to
multiply by
pascal (Pa) 1.013 25
E+05
VELOCITY
(includes Speed)
To convert from to
multiply by
To convert from
to
foot/hour
8.466 667 E -05
acre-foot
meter3 (m3) 1.233 482 E+03
barrel
(oil, 42 gal)
meter3 (m3) 1.589 873 E -01
board foot
meter3 (m3) 2.359 737 E -03
bushel (U.S.)
meter3 (m3) 3.523 907 E -02
fluid ounce (U.S.)
meter3 (m3) 2.957 353 E -05
5.144 444 E -01
foot3
meter3 (m3) 2.831 685 E -02
meter3 (m3) 4.546 090 E -03
meter/second (m/s)
foot/minute
meter/second (m/s)
5.080 000*E -03
pascal (Pa) 9.806 650*E+04
foot/second
meter/second (m/s)
3.048 000*E -01
bar
pascal (Pa) 1.000 000*E+05
inch/second
meter/second (m/s)
2.540 000*E -02
centimeter of
mercury (0°C)
pascal (Pa) 1.333 22
kilometer/hour
meter/second (m/s)
2.777 778 E -01
atmosphere
(technical = 1 kgf/cm2)
centimeter of wapascal (Pa) 9.806 38
ter (4°C)
E+03
E+01
knot
(international)
meter/second (m/s)
decibar
pascal (Pa) 1.000 000*E+04
mile/hour
(U.S. statute)
dyne/centimeter2
pascal (Pa) 1.000 000*E -01
mile/minute
(U.S. statute)
meter/second (m/s)
2.682 240*E+01
foot of water
(39.2°F)
pascal (Pa) 2.988 98
E+03
mile/second
(U.S. statute)
meter/second (m/s)
1.609 344*E+03
gram-force/
centimeter2
pascal (Pa) 9.806 650*E+01
mile/hour
(U.S. statute)
kilometer/hour
1.609 344*E+00
inch of mercury
(32°F)
pascal (Pa) 3.386 389 E+03
inch of mercury
(60°F)
pascal (Pa) 3.376 85
pascal (Pa) 2.490 82
E+02
inch of water
(60°F)
pascal (Pa) 2.488 4
E+02
multiply by
meter/second (m/s)
4.470 400*E -01
gallon
(Canadian liquid)
gallon (U.K. liquid) meter3 (m3) 4.546 092 E -03
gallon (U.S. dry)
meter3 (m3) 4.404 884 E -03
gallon (U.S. liquid) meter3 (m3) 3.785 412 E -03
inch3
meter3 (m3) 1.638 706 E -05
liter4
meter3 (m3) 1.000 000*E -03
ounce (U.K. fluid) meter3 (m3) 2.841 307 E -05
E+03
inch of water
(39.2°F)
VOLUME
(includes capacity)
VOLUME/TIME
(includes Flow)
To convert from to
multiply by
ounce (U.S. fluid)
meter3 (m3) 2.957 353 E -05
peck (U.S.)
meter3 (m3) 8.809 768 E -03
pint (U.S. dry)
meter3 (m3) 5.506 105 E -04
pint (U.S. liquid)
meter3 (m3) 4.731 765 E -04
quart (U.S. dry)
meter3 (m3) 1.101 221 E -03
meter3 /second 4.719 474 E -04
(m3/s)
quart (U.S. liquid)
meter3 (m3) 9.463 529 E -04
meter3 (m3) 1.000 000*E+00
foot3/second
meter3 /second 2.831 685 E -02
(m3/s)
stere
tablespoon
meter3 (m3) 1.478 676 E -05
pascal (Pa) 9.806 650*E+06
inch3/minute
meter3 /second 2.731 177 E -07
(m3/s)
teaspoon
meter3 (m3) 4.928 922 E -06
ton (register)
meter3 (m3) 2.831 685 E+00
kip/inch2 (ksi)
pascal (Pa) 6.894 757 E+06
yard3/minute
yard3
meter3 (m3) 7.645 549 E -01
millibar
pascal (Pa) 1.000 000*E+02
meter3 /second 1.274 258 E -02
(m3/s)
millimeter of
mercury (0°C)
pascal (Pa) 1.333 224 E+02
gallon
meter3 /second 4.381 264 E -08
(U.S. liquid)/day (m3/s)
poundal/foot2
pascal (Pa) 1.488 164 E+00
gallon (U.S.
liquid)/minute
pound-force/foot2
pascal (Pa) 4.788 026 E+01
pound-force/inch2
(psi)
pascal (Pa) 6.894 757 E+03
psi
pascal (Pa) 6.894 757 E+03
torr (mm Hg, 0°C)
pascal (Pa) 1.333 22
kilogramforce/centimeter2
pascal (Pa) 9.806 650*E+04
kilogramforce/meter2
pascal (Pa) 9.806 650*E+00
kilogramforce/millimeter2
* Exact - not rounded
E+02
foot3/minute
meter3 /second 6.309 020 E -05
(m3/s)