YEAR 9 (13+) SCHOLARSHIP
May 2016
for entry in September 2016
SCIENCE 1
Your Name: …………………………………………………………………………
Your School: ………………………………………………………………………..
Time allowed: 1 hour
Equipment needed:
Pen, pencil and ruler.
You may use an eraser and a calculator if needed.
Information for candidates:
1.
Write your name and school on this page.
2.
Write all of your answers on the question papers in the space provided.
If you need additional paper then please ask the invigilator. Please put
your name on the sheets of paper you use.
3.
The marks for each question or part question are shown in square brackets [ ]
after the question.
4.
Answer ALL NINE QUESTIONS in SECTION A [60 marks] and ONE
QUESTION ONLY from SECTION B [10 marks].
SECTION A
Answer all questions in this section
1.
A large number of seeds were germinated on damp sand. Random samples of 10 seedlings
were taken every two days. The fresh mass and the dry mass of each sample were
measured and are shown in the graph below.
a)
What factor do you think in included when fresh mass of the seedlings is taken, but
is absent from the dry mass of the seedlings?
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
b)
Explain why 10 seedlings rather than 1, were used for each sample.
[1]
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c)
Describe what happens to the fresh mass of the seedlings in the first 2 days after the
seeds were set up to germinate.
[2]
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d)
Can you try and explain a reason for the change in mass given in (c)?
[1]
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1
e)
Describe what happens to the dry mass of seedlings in the first 8 days.
[1]
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f)
Can you suggest a reason for this change?
[2]
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g)
When taking measurements of mass, scientists prefer to measure dry mass rather
than fresh mass, can you suggest a reason for dry mass being a more reliable
measurement?
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
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h)
Can you suggest one process that could be occurring in the living seed during the
early stages of germination?
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
2.
A cheetah is a predator that feeds on small antelopes. When chasing its prey, the cheetah
runs very fast but can only keep this up for a short time.
a)
The cheetah runs fast and releases energy from aerobic respiration from its muscles.
Give the equation for respiration.
[2]
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b)
Give two differences between breathing and respiration.
[2]
1 _________________________________________________________________________
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2 _________________________________________________________________________
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2
Below is a graph showing the volume of air flowing into and out of the lungs of a
human while breathing at rest.
c)
State how many breaths are inhaled in 15 seconds.
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
d)
State the volume of air breathed in during each breath.
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
e)
Calculate the volume of air breathed in during one minute. Show your working.
[2]
________________________________________________________________________________
f)
3.
At time X the person began to exercise. Sketch on the graph five more breaths for
this person during this exercise.
[2]
The box shows some methods that can be used in separating mixtures.
From the box, select the best method for each of the separations.
You may use each method once, more than once or not at all.
a)
Removing sand from a mixture of sand and water.
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
3
b)
Obtaining pure water from a salt solution.
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
c)
Extracting the red dye from a sample of rose petals.
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
d)
Separating the colour dyes in a sample of green ink.
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
e)
Obtaining ethanol (alcohol) from a mixture of ethanol and water.
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
4.
This question is about planning an investigation into factors that affect how fast a reaction
happens. A student uses the following method:
1.
Add 20 cm3 of 0.5 mol/dm3 hydrochloric acid to a conical flask.
2.
Weigh out 0.1 g of magnesium ribbon.
3.
Place conical flask in a water bath at 30 °C for five minutes.
4.
Add the magnesium ribbon to the warm acid and measure the volume of gas released.
5.
Repeat this experiment for five different temperatures of the acid.
a)
Draw a diagram of suitable apparatus the student could use to measure the volume
of gas produced.
[4]
4
b)
What is the independent variable in this investigation?
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
c)
The student wants to know how fast the reaction is happening. What important data
does the student’s method fail to collect?
[1]
________________________________________________________________________________
d)
Suggest two variables that the student should control to ensure a fair test.
[2]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
e)
5.
Sketch a graph of the likely data that this investigation would produce.
Name the following compounds from their formulae:
[4]
[3]
a) CuCO3
____________________________________________________________________
b) NH3
____________________________________________________________________
c) K2S
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5
6.
Jon has built a model house with 2 rooms. He wishes to light the rooms with 3 small
battery powered bulbs: two in the larger room. He also wants to be able to switch each
light on separately plus switch them all off together.
Draw an electrical circuit diagram using electrical symbols within the room outlines below.
Use a battery with 2 cells, 3 bulbs and as many switches as Jon needs.
[4]
7.
Most saucepans and made of metal, whereas the stirring spoon is wooden
(or sometimes plastic).
Why is this the case for:
a)
the pan?
[2]
________________________________________________________________________________
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6
b)
the spoon?
[2]
________________________________________________________________________________
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8.
Megan was doing time-trials on her bike around a 400 metre horizontal track.
She took 32 seconds to travel 400 m.
a)
(i)
What was her average speed? Give the unit.
[1]
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(ii)
Compare the forward force on the bike with the backward force on the bike
when Megan was travelling at a constant speed.
[1]
___________________________________________________________________________
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b)
Megan then crouched down over the handlebars to make herself more streamlined,
as shown below. She continued to pedal with the same force as before.
(i)
Compare the forward and backward forces on Megan and her bike now.
[1]
___________________________________________________________________________
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7
(ii)
What would happen to Megan’s speed? Explain your answer.
[2]
___________________________________________________________________________
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(iii) Quite soon Megan would reach a new constant speed. Using your ideas about
the forces involved, can you explain why?
[3]
___________________________________________________________________________
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9.
Bela would like to measure the height of the largest tree in her garden. She cannot reach or
climb to the top.
a)
Can you suggest a method for Bela?
(i)
[4]
In the box below can you write the equipment you may need.
8
(ii) Carefully explain how you would use the equipment to find the height of the
tree.
___________________________________________________________________________
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Total for Section A: [60 marks]
9
SECTION B
Answer one question from this section.
Either
1.
In the Arctic the food webs contain fewer species and the food chains are shorter. The
species tend to be bigger than comparable ones from the south – for example Arctic foxes
are larger than European ones.
a)
Suggest a reason why the food chains are shorter.
[4]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
b)
Why might the number of different species found be less?
[2]
________________________________________________________________________________
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c)
Give two reasons why the sizes of the species should tend to be greater on the Arctic.
[4]
1 _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
2 _____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Total for Question 1: [10 marks]
10
Or
2.
During the winter months, local councils deploy an armada of gritting trucks to maintain
the road network and keep it free from surface ice. The gritters spray the road surface with
rock salt which contains grit and, principally, sodium chloride. The sodium chloride
dissolves in the water on the road surface to make a solution which has a melting point
below 0 °C and therefore remains a solution at sub-zero temperatures.
a)
By adopting a graphical method, use the data given below to determine the
approximate freezing point of a 13% sodium chloride solution. Show clearly how you
arrived at your answer.
FREEZING MIXTURES
[The solubility limit of sodium chloride in water is approximately 25%
and does not significantly vary over a wide range of temperatures.]
The temperatures at which certain solutions of salt freeze are recorded in the table.
Sodium chloride concentration /%
Freezing Point /°C
0
0.0
5
-4.1
13
?
15
-12.7
20
-16.9
25
-21.1
11
Melting point of 13% salt solution = _________________________ °C
b)
[8]
Explain why it would be futile for gritters to be deployed if the temperature is due to
be colder than -21.1 °C
[2]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
Total for Question 2: [10 marks]
12
Or
3.
Amena described her idea about the evaporation of water.
Amena
a)
Write a detailed plan for an investigation you could carry out in the school
laboratory to test Amena’s idea.
[6]
Assume you have access to all the usual laboratory equipment.
In your plan you must write:
•
•
•
the one factor you would change as you carry out your investigation (the
independent variable).
the effect you would observe or measure as you carry out your investigation (the
dependent variable).
at least one factor you would keep the same to help make your test fair.
___________________________________________________________________________
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13
b)
In the box below, draw and label a table that you could use to record your results.
[2]
c)
Do you agree with Amena? Explain your answer.
[2]
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________
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Total for Question 3: [10 marks]
14