Periodic Table SA Review
1. Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why Group 18 elements on the Periodic Table rarely form compounds.
2. Base your answer to the following question on the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Silver-plated utensils were popular before stainless steel became widely used to make eating utensils.
Silver tarnishes when it comes in contact with hydrogen sulfide,
, which is found in the air and in some
foods. However, stainless steel does not tarnish when it comes in contact with hydrogen sulfide.
In the ground state, an atom of which noble gas has the same electron configuration as the sulflde ion in
?
Base your answers to questions 3 through 6 on
the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
The diagram below represents three elements in Group 13 and three elements in Period 3 and their
relative positions on the Periodic Table.
Some elements in the solid phase exist in different forms that vary in their physical properties. For
example, at room temperature, red phosphorus has a density of 2.16 g/cm3 and white phosphorus has a
density of 1.823 g/cm3.
3. Identify one element from the diagram that will combine with phosphorus in the same ratio of atoms as the
ratio in aluminum phosphide.
4. Compare the number of atoms per cubic centimeter in red phosphorus with the number of atoms per cubic
centimeter in white phosphorus.
5. Consider the Period 3 elements in the diagram in order of increasing atomic number. State the trend in
electronegativity for these elements.
6. Identify the element from the diagram that will react with chlorine to form a compound with the general
formula XCl 4.
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Periodic Table SA Review
Base your answers to questions 7 through 10 on
the information below and on your knowledge of chemistry.
Before atomic numbers were known, Mendeleev developed a classification system for the 63
elements known in 1872, using oxide formulas and atomic masses. He used an R in the oxide formulas
to represent any element in each group. The atomic mass was listed in parentheses after the symbol of
each element. A modified version of Mendeleev's classification system is shown in the table below.
7. Explain , in terms of chemical reactivity, why the elements in Group 18 on the modern Periodic Table were
not identified by Mendeleev at that time.
8. Based on Table J, identify the least active metal listed in Group I on Mendeleev's table.
9. Based on Mendeleev's oxide formula, what is the number of electrons lost by each atom of the elements in
Group III?
10. Identify one characteristic used by Mendeleev to develop his classification system of the elements.
11. Draw a Lewis electron-dot diagram for an atom of silicon.
Base your answers to questions 12 and 13 on the
elements in Group 2 on the Periodic Table.
12. Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the elements
in Group 2 have similar chemical properties.
13. State the general trend in first ionization energy for the
elements in Group 2 as these elements are considered in
order from top to bottom in the group.
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Periodic Table SA Review
Base your answers to questions 14 through 16 on the information below.
Two sources of copper are cuprite, which has the IUPAC name copper(I) oxide, and malachite,
which has the formula Cu2CO3(OH)2. Copper is used in home wiring and electric motors because it has
good electrical conductivity. Other uses of copper not related to its electrical conductivity include
coins, plumbing, roofing, and cooking pans.Aluminum is also used for cooking pans.
At room temperature, the electrical conductivity of a copper wire is 1.6 times greater than an
aluminum wire with the same length and cross-sectional area. At room temperature, the heat
conductivity of copper is 1.8 times greater than the heat conductivity of aluminum. At STP, the density
of copper is 3.3 times greater than the density of aluminum.
14. Identify one physical property of aluminum that could make it a better choice than copper for a cooking
pan.
15. Identify one physical property of copper that makes it a good choice for uses that are not related to
electrical conductivity.
16. Write the chemical formula of cuprite.
17. Explain, in terms of subatomic particles, why the radius
of a chloride ion is larger than the radius of a chlorine
atom.
Base your answers to questions 18 through 21 on the
information below.
A metal, M, was obtained from a compound in a
rock sample. Experiments have determined that the
element is a member of Group 2 on the Periodic
Table of the Elements.
18. Using the symbol M for the element, write the chemical
formula for the compound that forms when element M
reacts with iodine.
19. Explain why the radius of a positive ion of element M
is smaller than the radius of an atom of element M.
20. Explain, in terms of electrons, why element M is a good
conductor of electricity.
21. What is the phase of element M at STP?
22. Explain, in terms of electron configuration, why
selenium and sulfur have similar chemical properties.
23. Explain, in terms of atomic structure, why the atomic
radius of iodine is greater than the atomic radius of
fluorine.
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