Contents
Chapter 1: Defining Rhetoric
1
Praxis in Action: “Why Rhetoric Is Important in My Writing” by Meaghan
Elliott 1
What Is Rhetoric?
2
Rhetoric and Power
3
Selected Definitions of Rhetoric
Activity 1.1 • Historical Usage of the Word “Rhetoric”
Are We All Greeks?
4
5
5
Activity 1.2 • Contemporary Usage of the Word “Rhetoric”
Visual Map of Meanings for the Word Rhetoric
7
7
Activity 1.3 • Explore the Visual Map of the Word Rhetoric
Reading 1.1 • “‘Columbusing’: The Art of Discovering Something that
Activity 1.4 • Analyzing Columbusing as an Argument
is Not New” by Brenda Salinas
Rhetorical Argument
Types of Argument
8
11
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12
Aristotle’s Three Appeals
7
13
Reading 1.2 • “Microsoft Just Laid Off Thousands of Employees
With a Hilariously Bad Memo” by Kevin Roose
15
Activity 1.5 • Discuss Microsoft’s Memo Laying Off Employees
Reading 1.3 • “The Sleepover Question” by Amy Schalet
Activity 1.6 • Analyze “The Sleepover Question”
Become Part of the Academic Conversation
The Burkean Parlor
25
Activity 1.7 • Joining the Conversation
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PRAXIS: A Brief Rhetoric
Collaborative Groups Help Students Enter the Academic
Conversation 26
Why Study Rhetoric?
27
Activity 1.8 • How Do You Use Rhetoric?
28
Rhetorical Arguments Stand the Test of Time
28
Reading 1.4 • “Text of the Gettysburg Address” by Abraham Lincoln
Activity 1.9 • Paraphrase the Gettysburg Address
Activity 1.10 • Comment on Your Classmate’s Paraphrase of the
Gettysburg Address
29
Respond to Visual Rhetoric
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Activity 1.11 • Decoding Clothing Choices as Visual Rhetoric
31
Chapter Exercises
Activity 1.12 • Keep a Commonplace Book
Activity 1.13 • Create Your Own Blog
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Chapter 2: Responding Rhetorically
35
Praxis in Action: “Why I Annotate Readings” by Isidro Zepeda
Thinking Critically, Reading Rhetorically
35
36
Activity 2.1 • Think about Critical Reading
Reading 2.1 • “Do You Know How Your Mascara is Made?” by Arna
Cohen
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37
Activity 2.2 • Analyze “Do You Know How Your Mascara is Made?”
Activity 2.3 • Why Is Activity 2.2 Critical Reading?
Ways of Reading Rhetorically
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48
Checklist of Essential Elements in an Argument
47
50
Reading 2.2 • “The Web Means the End of Forgetting” by Jeffrey
Rosen
51
Activity 2.4 • Discuss “The Web Means the End of Forgetting”
57
Activity 2.5 • Apply the Checklist of Essential Elements in an
Argument
58
Activity 2.6 • What Is the Current State of Identity Protection in Social
Networking Sites?
Close Reading of a Text
58
58
Checklist for Close Reading of a Text
61
Reading 2.3 • “The Point When Science Becomes Publicity” by James
Hamblin, M.D.
62
Contents
Activity 2.7 • Apply Close Reading to a Text
Activity 2.8 • Discuss “The Point When Science Becomes
Publicity”
66
The Rhetorical Triangle
66
Activity 2.9 • Apply the Rhetorical Triangle
Activity 2.10 • Write a Summary
Respond to Multimedia
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Reading 2.4 • “‘Flawless’ Excerpt” by Beyoncé and Chimamanda
Ngozi Adichie
69
Activity 2.11 • Respond to Song Lyrics
Activity 2.12 • Consider a Song as an Argument
Respond to Visual Rhetoric
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Activity 2.13 • Interpret Advertisements
Activity 2.14 • Find Advertisements with Effective Arguments
Reading 2.5 • “Why Has Godzilla Grown?” by Lisa Wade
Activity 2.15 • Consider Shock Value in Today’s Cartoon
Characters
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Interaction between Texts and Images
75
Reading 2.6 • “All-Star Rockers Salute Buddy Holly”
Activity 2.16 • Analyze Interaction between Texts and Images
Reading 2.7 • “How to Make a Kindle Cover from a Hollowed Out
by Andy Greene
76
Hardback Book” by Justin Meyers
76
77
Activity 2.17 • Write and Illustrate Instructions
80
Activity 2.18 • Summarize the Argument in Your Illustrations
80
Chapter Exercises
Activity 2.19 • Write on Your Blog
Activity 2.20 • Write in Your Commonplace Book
80
Chapter 3: Persuading Rhetorically
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Praxis in Action: “If You Want to Write Well, Then Read” by Amber Lea
Clark 83
Discover the Kairos–The Opening for Argument
Use Kairos to Make Your Own Argument
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Reading 3.1 • “I Have a Dream” by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr.
Activity 3.1 • Use Microsoft’s Comment Feature to Annotate
a Text
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PRAXIS: A Brief Rhetoric
Activity 3.2 • Discuss “I Have a Dream”
Activity 3.3 • Identify the Kairos
Activity 3.4 • Analyze an Audience
Aristotle’s Persuasive Appeals
Arguments from Logos
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Reading 3.2 • “Executions Should Be Televised” by Zachary B.
Shemtob and David Lat
94
Activity 3.5 • Analyze an Argument from Logos
Activity 3.6 • Find an Argument from Logos
Deductive Reasoning
97
Activity 3.7 • Develop a Deductive Argument
Inductive Reasoning
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Activity 3.8 • Develop an Inductive Argument
Logical Fallacies
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Activity 3.9 • Identify Logical Fallacies
Activity 3.10 • Create Examples of Logical Fallacies
Arguments from Pathos
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103
Reading 3.3 • “People for Sale” by E. Benjamin Skinner
Activity 3.11 • Write about an Argument from Pathos
Activity 3.12 • Analyze an Argument from Pathos
Activity 3.13 • Find an Argument from Pathos
Arguments from Ethos
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Activity 3.14 • Analyzing an Argument from Ethos
Activity 3.15 • Find an Argument from Ethos
Combining Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
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Activity 3.16 • Identify Ethos, Pathos, and Logos
Photos Heighten Ethos
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109
Reading 3.4 • “Alien Life Coming Slowly into View” by Ray
Jayawardhana
104
109
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Activity 3.17 • Locate a Photo that Presents an Argument from Logos,
Ethos, or Pathos 115
Chapter Exercises
Activity 3.18 • Logos Activity: Write a Letter to the Editor
Activity 3.19 • Pathos Activity: Portray an Emotion in a Collage
Activity 3.20 • Ethos Activity: Create a Professional LinkedIn Page
116
Activity 3.21 • Write a Rhetorical Analysis
Activity 3.22 • Reflect on Your Rhetorical Analysis
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Contents
Activity 3.23 • Write on Your Blog
Activity 3.24 • Write in Your Commonplace Book
119
Chapter 4: Inventing Rhetorically
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121
Praxis in Action: “My Invention Strategies” by Jenelle Clausen
Aristotle’s Classif ication of Rhetoric
The Five Canons of Rhetoric
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122
The Modern Writing Process Overview
Prewriting (Inventing)
Drafting
124
Revising
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124
Activity 4.1 • Compare the Five Canons of Rhetoric and the Modern
Writing Process
Stasis Theory
125
126
Using Stasis Questions
129
Stasis Theory and Kairos
123
123
Editing and Polishing
131
Activity 4.2 • Identify the Defense in a Television or Film Courtroom
Drama
132
Activity 4.3 • Use Stasis Theory to Explore Your Topic
Activity 4.4 • Evaluate a Public Debate
The $300 House Casebook
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Casebook Reading 1 • “The $300 House: A Hands-On Lab for
Reverse Innovation?” by Vijay Govindarajan and
Christian Sakar
133
Casebook Reading 2 • “Hands Off Our Houses” by Matias Echanove
Casebook Reading 3 • “The $300 House: A Hands-On Approach to a
and Rahul Srivastava
135
Wicked Problem” by Vijay Govindarajan with Christian Sakar
138
Casebook Reading 4 • “A $300 Idea that Is Priceless” from
Schumpeter, column in the Economist
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Activity 4.5 • Use Stasis Questions to Analyze the $300 House
Activity 4.6 • Persuasive Essay about the $300 House Casebook,
Activity 4.7 • Comment on Your Essay about the $300 House
Casebook
143
Utilizing Stasis Theory
Other Invention Strategies
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PRAXIS: A Brief Rhetoric
Freewriting
144
Invisible Freewriting
145
Focused Freewriting
145
Listing/Brainstorming
Clustering
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146
Activity 4.8 • Try Different Prewriting Techniques
147
Activity 4.9 • Organize or Arrange Your Prewriting
147
Reading 4.1 • “Take a Leap into Writing” by Craig Wynne
Activity 4.10 • Consider “Take a Leap into Writing”
Activity 4.11 • Focused Freewriting
Artistic and Inartistic Proofs
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Activity 4.12 • Begin with What You Know
151
Develop Artistic Proofs through Observation
151
Activity 4.13 • Observation Exercise to Develop Artistic Proofs
Reading 4.2 • “Porsche Macan S: Is This Compact Crossover Barbie’s
Activity 4.14 • Find Artistic and Inartistic Proofs in a Reading
Activity 4.15 • Develop Criteria for Reviews
Activity 4.16 • Write a Product Review
Reading 4.3 • “Guardians of the Galaxy’s Happy Satire of the Sad
Dream Car?” by Dan Neil
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Origin Story” by Katie Kilkenny 157
Activity 4.17 • Discuss Review of Guardians of the Galaxy
Activity 4.18 • Develop Criteria for Film Reviews
Activity 4.19 • Write a Film Review
Activity 4.20 • Reflect on Your Film Review
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Chapter Exercises
Activity 4.21 • Write on Your Blog
162
Activity 4.22 • Write in Your Commonplace Book
Chapter 5: Writing Rhetorically
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Praxis in Action: “How I Write” by Amy Brumfield
163
Enter the Conversation Through Writing
164
Respond to the Rhetorical Situation
165
Reading 5.1 • “Can Social Media Make Us Better Writers?” by Laura
Klocinski
166
Activity 5.1 • Tailor Your Social Media Message
Activity 5.2 • Write a Blog Post about Writing
Activity 5.3 • Comment on Your Blog Post
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Contents
Reading 5.2 • “Laws Protecting Women From Upskirt Photo Assaults
Fall Short” by Holly Kearl
168
Activity 5.4 • Discuss “Laws Protecting Women From Upskirt Photo
Activity 5.5 • A Logical Fallacy in Upskirt Laws?
Activity 5.6 • What Is the Rhetorical Situation of an Op-Ed?
Activity 5.7 • Write an Op-Ed Argument
Activity 5.8 • Freewrite about Your Op-Ed Essay
Assaults Fall Short”
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The Research-­Based Argument Essay
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Reading 5.3 • “Student Research Paper, ‘Understanding the Effects
of Mass Media’s Portrayals of Black Women and Adolescents on
Self-­Image’” by Cherish Green
175
Activity 5.9 • Discuss “Understanding the Effects of Mass Media’s
Portrayals of Black Women and Adolescents on Self-Image”
The Sky Is Falling Casebook
180
Casebook Reading 1 • “Vindication for Entrepreneurs Watching Sky:
Yes, It Can Fall” by William J. Broad
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181
Casebook Reading 2 • “B612 Foundation Releases Video at Seattle
Museum of Flight Earth Day Event Showing Evidence of 26 MultiKiloton Asteroid Impacts Since 2001” from B612 Foundation Press
Release
Earth”
184
Casebook Reading 3 • “NASA Near Earth Object Program: Target
186
Activity 5.10 • Summarize Information from Casebook
Write an Argumentative Essay
Toulmin Model
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189
Activity 5.11 • Develop a Toulmin Argument for The Sky Is Falling
Casebook
Rogerian Model
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Activity 5.12 • Develop a Rogerian Argument for The Sky is Falling
Casebook
191
General Modern Format
191
Activity 5.13 • Develop a General Modern Format Argument for The
Activity 5.14 • Write a Research-Based Essay Utilizing The Sky is
Activity 5.15 • Freewrite about “The Sky is Falling” Essay
Sky is Falling Casebook
Falling Casebook
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193
Write a Thesis Statement
193
Compose an Introduction
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PRAXIS: A Brief Rhetoric
Reading 5.4 • “How I Write an Introduction” by Natalie Gorup
Reading 5.5 “The Truth about Writer’s Block” by Judith
Johnson
199
Activity 5.16 • Discuss “The Truth about Writer’s Block”
Support Your Ideas with Source Materials
Support Your Thesis
203
Vary Your Strategies or Patterns of Development
Include Effective Transitions
Write a Conclusion
202
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203
Answer Opposing Arguments
204
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206
Consider Elements of Page Design
206
Choose Evocative Photos to Illustrate Essays
198
208
Reading 5.6 • “How I Create a Multimedia Presentation” by Jason
Tham
209
Including Images in Your Projects: Copyright Implications
211
Chapter Exercises
Activity 5.17 • Write a Research-Based Argument Paper
Activity 5.18 • Freewrite about Your Research Paper
Activity 5.19 • Write on Your Blog
Activity 5.20 • Write in Your Commonplace Book
213
Chapter 6: Revising Rhetorically
Revision Is Part of the Writing Process
Begin Revision by Rereading
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Reading 6.1 • “Shitty First Drafts” by Anne Lamott
Activity 6.1 • Discussing “Shitty First Drafts”
Qualities of Effective Writing
Keep It Simple
Use Precise Words
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223
Use Action Verbs
224
Fill in the Gaps
225
Speak Directly
225
Strengthen Your Voice
217
220
Rely on Everyday Words
Be Concise
213
215
Praxis in Action: “How I Revise” by Sarah Gray
226
Activity 6.2 • Apply Qualities of Effective Writing
212
213
228
Contents
Activity 6.3 • Share Your Own Grammar Cartoon
Activity 6.4 • When You Reeeaaallly Want to Describe
Something
228
229
Remember to Proofread
230
Reading 6.2 • “Grammar Girl’s Top Ten Grammar Myths” by Mignon
Reading 6.3 • “Top Ten Distractions for Writers, or Any Job Really”
Activity 6.5 • Write a List of Your Writing Habits
Fogarty
230
by Sam Scham
233
Gain Feedback by Peer Editing
235
When Your Essay Is Being Reviewed
When You Are the Reviewer
Independent Reviewing
235
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236
Sample Questions for Peer Review
Overall Content
237
237
Paragraph Development
237
Word Choice and Sentence Structure
235
Activity 6.6 • Peer Editing
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238
Examples of Annotated Student Essays
Rhetorical Analysis Assignment
Short Op-Ed Argument
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242
Short Research Paper in MLA Style
Research Paper in APA Style
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251
Additional Research Paper in APA Style
258
Chapter Exercises
Activity 6.7 • Write on Your Blog
Activity 6.8 • Write in Your Commonplace Book
267
Chapter 7: Researching Rhetorically
269
Praxis in Action: “How I Research” by Rosalie Krenger
Research Provides Inartistic Proofs
You Do Research Every Day
267
269
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271
Primary and Secondary Research
272
Reading 7.1 • “Bringing History to Life with Primary Sources” by
Reading 7.2 • “What Does It Mean to Drink Like a Woman?” by
Alexander L. Ames
Shanna Farrell
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PRAXIS: A Brief Rhetoric
Activity 7.1 • Analyze “What Does It Mean to Drink Like a Woman?”
279
Interviews
279
Activity 7.2 • Reconstruct Interview Questions for “What Does It Mean
to Drink Like a Woman?”
281
Activity 7.3 • Write Interview Questions
282
Activity 7.4 • Summarize Your Interview
282
Activity 7.5 • Write a Profile of a Person
282
Surveys
283
Activity 7.6 • Conduct a Survey
283
Secondary Research Sources Expected by Professors
Employ Computerized Library Catalogs
Types of Computerized Searches
286
287
Activity 7.7 • Locate Books on Your Topic
Utilize Electronic Library Resources
288
288
Activity 7.8 • Locate Newspaper and Magazine Articles
Find Internet Information
Indexing Projects
Google Books
289
291
Government Documents
291
292
Activity 7.9 • Find a Journal Article in Google Scholar
Activity 7.10 • Compare and Contrast Media
Make a Research Plan
Evaluate Sources
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295
Activity 7.11 • Locate and Evaluate a Source
Activity 7.12 • Evaluate a Website
Activity 7.13 • Prepare an Annotated Bibliography
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297
Sample Annotated Bibliography in MLA Style
Sample Annotated Bibliogra[hy in APA Style
Research Casebook on Climate Change
297
298
299
301
Casebook Reading 1 • “One in Four in U.S. Are Solidly Skeptical of
Global Warming” by Lydia Saad
288
290
Scholarly Journal Articles
302
Casebook Reading 2 • “IPCC: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Accelerate
Despite Reduction Efforts” from press release by IPCC
284
307
Casebook Reading 3 • “Scientists Warn of Rising Oceans as Antarctic
Ice Melts” by Justin Gillis and Kenneth Chang
Synthesizing Casebook Sources
312
310
Contents
Activity 7.14 • Discuss the Casebook on Climate Change
Activity 7.15 • Develop a Working Thesis on Climate Change
Activity 7.16 • Collect More Information about Climate Change
Activity 7.17 • Write a Short Essay about Climate Change
Avoid Plagiarism
313
314
314
314
Reading 7.3 • “Anatomy of a Fake Quotation” by Megan
McArdle
313
315
Activity 7.18 • Discuss “Anatomy of a Fake Quotation”
318
Chapter Exercises
Activity 7.19 • Write on Your Blog
Activity 7.20 • Write in Your Commonplace Book
318
318
Appendix: Citing Sources 319
Evolving Formats of Document Citation
320
When You Have a Choice of Electronic Source Format, Choose
a PDF 321
MLA Style
321
Bibliographic Documentation
322
MLA Parenthetical (In-text) Documentation
APA Style
327
Bibliographic Documentation
328
APA Parenthetical (In-text) Documentation
Acknowledgments
Index
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