Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013
Electronic Supplementary Information
Freeze Sample Enrichment Highly Adaptable to Capillary Electrophoresis
Kenichi Ito and Tetsuo Okada*
temperature / K
270
fructose
260
glycerol
250
ethanol
240
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
concentration / wt%
0
fructose
dT/dc / K % -1
-0.2
-0.4
-0.6
glycerol
-0.8
ethanol
-1
255
260
265
270
temperature / K
Figure S1
Freezing point depression curves for aqueous fructose, glycerol, and ethanol solutions (upper)
and the temperature dependence of the slopes of the freezing point depression curves (lower).
1
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013
temperature / K
280
260
KCl
240
LiCl
220
200
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
concentration / M
0
dT/dc / K M-1
NaCl
7
KCl
NaCl
-5
-10
-15
-20
LiCl
-25
-30
210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280
temperature / K
Figure S2
Freezing point depression curves for aqueous LiCl, NaCl, and KCl solutions (upper) and the
temperature dependence of the slopes of the freezing point depression curves (lower).
2
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013
Figure S3
LiCl
Fluorescence micrograph of (left) frozen 5 mM aqueous glycerol (253.2 K) and (right) 10 mM
(263.2 K).
Both solutions contained Fluorescein, which emits fluorescence when dissolved in the
liquid phase.
3
Electronic Supplementary Material (ESI) for Analytical Methods
This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2013
time
Figure S4
Photos during freezing concentration.
Fluorescein (FL) was dissolved in the sample.
Left, unfrozen FL solution. Middle, freezing initiated on the bottom.
4
Right, just before entire freezing.