Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 1
Nutrients and Beyond!
The Six Nutrient Groups
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 2
Copyright
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Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 3
Nutrition
The study of food components and their use by the body to
sustain life and health
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Nutrition focuses on what happens to food after it is eaten. We
need to understand how the body converts food into usable
nutrients.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 4
Nutrients
Water
Proteins
Carbohydrates
Vitamins
Fats
Minerals
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Nutrients are food components necessary to sustain life.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 5
Water
• Main component of many
foods
• Influences texture,
appearance and taste of
food
• Maintains body
temperature
• Transports nutrients and
waste
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Water is the only substance in nature found in abundance in a solid,
liquid, and gas state.
It is an important heat medium in cooking and the main ingredient
in beverages.
Without water, cleanup and sanitation would be difficult.
It is critical to all forms of food preservation and its presence or
absence determines the likelihood of a food to spoil.
Where there is water, there is life.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 6
Carbohydrates
• Make up the bulk of the
biomass in food
• Major source of energy for
humans
• Provide reserve energy store
for all living things
• Form the vital structure of
living cells
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Understanding the functions of carbohydrates is vitally important
in food science. Most food mixtures contain carbohydrates.
Carbohydrates can be grouped into three categories: sugars,
starches and fiber (we will discuss fiber in another lesson).
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 7
Carbohydrates - Simple
• Sugars
• Monosaccharides
– Fructose
– Glucose
– Galactose
• Disaccharides
– Sucrose
– Maltose
– Lactose
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The simplest types of carbohydrates are called sugars.
Monosaccharides is a simple sugar containing only one basic
molecule
• Fructose is found in fruits and honey
• Glucose is the most abundant of the sugars and it is people’s
basic energy source as it occurs naturally in blood, grapes and
corn
• Galactose is only found in animals and humans and is one of the
basic sugars found in milk
Disaccharide are two joined monosaccharides
• Sucrose is table sugar
• Maltose is found in malted grains
• Lactose is the sugar found in milk
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 8
Carbohydrates - Complex
• Also called polysaccharides
or macromolecules
• Types
– Starches
– Cellulose
– Carbohydrate gums and
pectins
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 Polysaccharides are composed of many sugar units or
saccharides
 Macromolecules are very large molecules that each contain
hundreds of thousands of atoms
 Starches are the most abundant complex carbohydrate and
wheat flour is the main source
 Cellulose is also known as fiber such as the strings in celery
and membranes surrounding kernels of corn
 Carbohydrate gums and pectins are not generally available to
the home cook but gums provide stability and texture to foods
such as salad dressings and gummy candies while pectins are a
key component in jams and jellies
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 9
Fats
• Play an important role in food
preparation and general
health
• Do have a place in a healthful
diet
• Key is to keep everything in
balance
• Lipids are insoluble in water
and have a greasy feel
– Fats
– Oils
– shortening
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Lipids serve six main functions in cooking:
• act as heat mediums
• tenderizers
• aerators – allow air pockets to form in batter
• flavor enhancers
• lubricants – causes foods to seem moister
• liquids in emulsions
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 10
Proteins
• Complex molecules
• Needed for:
– growth and repair of body
tissue
– fighting disease
– fluid and electrolyte balance
– pH balance
– regulating body functions
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Protein is one of the energy nutrients but energy is the most
important function.
Protein is used to make muscle fibers, connective tissue, cell walls
and red and white blood cells.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 11
Vitamins – Fat-soluble
• Vitamins A, D, E, K
• Generally found in fats and
oils in foods
• Cannot be easily excreted
• Stored in the liver or fatty
tissues
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Vitamins A, D, E and K require bile from the liver for digestion and
once absorbed by the body, cannot be easily excreted. Any excesses
are stored in the liver or fatty tissues for future use. The body can
survive weeks without foods containing these vitamins if there are
surpluses stored.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 12
Vitamins – Water-Soluble
• B vitamins and vitamin C
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
B1 (Thiamin)
B2 (Riboflavin)
B3 (Niacin)
B6 (Pyridoxine)
Folate, folic acid, folacin
B12 (Cyanocobalamin)
Pantothenic acid
Biotin
Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid)
• Cannot be stored in the
body
• Excess quantities excreted
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These vitamins are water-soluble and cannot be stored by the body
so they are needed every day.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 13
Major Minerals
• Calcium
• Simplest chemical structure
• Phosphorus
• Minerals are elements
• Magnesium
• Make up about 2.3 kg of the
mass of the average adult
• Sodium, Chloride and
Potassium
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Minerals have the simplest chemical structure of any group of
nutrients because they are elements.
Major minerals are needed in the diet in amounts of 100 mg or more
each day.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 14
Trace Minerals
• Iron
• Also called microminerals
• Iodine
• Need less than 100 mg per
day
• Zinc
• Fluoride
• Copper
• Manganese
• Selenium
• Chromium
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Trace minerals are needed in small amounts but are still important.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 15
Bill Nye – Nutrition
(click on link)
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Click on hyperlink:
Bill Nye – Nutrition
Bill Nye, The Science guy discusses nutrients
http://youtu.be/8j7VwLhMIlQ
Note: Video is 23 minutes and may be shown in shorter segments
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 16
Questions?
16
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Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
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Presentation Notes
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Slide 17
References and Resources
Images:
• Microsoft Office Clip Art: Used with permission from Microsoft.
Textbooks:
• Duyff, R. L. (2010). Food, nutrition & wellness. Columbus, OH:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill.
• Ward, J.D., & Ward, L.T. (2013). Principles of food science. Tinley Park,
IL: Goodheart-Willcox Company.
YouTube™ video:
• Bill Nye – Nutrition
Bill Nye, the Science guy discusses nutrients
http://youtu.be/8j7VwLhMIlQ
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
Nutrients and Beyond! The Six Nutrient Groups
Copyright © Texas Education Agency, 2013. All rights reserved.
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