Me llamo_____________________________________
commands/mandatos in all forms with exceptions / verb review/9_10
COMMANDS [+ means afirmativo/ - means negativo]
Tú + (the only command
Tú negativoUd + - Ud Uds +/ Uds –
Nosotros +/ Nosotros –
form that is not the same
KEEP spelling change
KEEP spelling change
KEEP spelling change
KEEP the spelling change!!!
as present subjunctive)
car,
gar,
zar,
ger
car,
gar,
zar,
ger
car,
gar,
zar,
ger
car, gar, zar, ger
Regular 3rd sing form
KEEP stem change
KEEP stem change
KEEP stem change
NO STEM CHANGE- AR/ER verbs
of the verb: except 8
Ar verbs – add es
THERE IS A STEM CHANGE IN
ser(sé) / salir (sal)
Er , Ir verbs - add as
IR STEM -CHANGING VERBS
ir (ve)/ poner (pon) (irreg: no seas, no
Ar verbs- add e
Ar verbs- add en
(E-I; O-U)
tener(ten) / decir (di) sepas, no des, no vayas, Er , Ir verbs-add a
Er , Ir verbs-add an
Ar – add emos
venir(ven)/hacer(haz) no estés,no veas)
Er , Ir – add amos
RD
REGULAR 3
DROP “O” FROM PRESENT ‘YO’ AND ADD THE OPPOSITE VOWEL ENDING FOR THE SUBJECT – see
SINGULAR FORM
above for directions about the stem and spelling changes – These are the same as the present subjunctive!
COMMANDS WITH PRONOUNS –
The only time you ABSOLUTELY MUST ATTACH a pronoun to a verb in Spanish is in an AFFIRMATIVE COMMAND;
IN NEGATIVE COMMANDS AS IN ALL OTHER CASES, THE PRONOUN PRECEDES THE CONJUGATED VERB.
ALWAYS attach the pronoun to the positive command and, because this ads a syllable to the word,
you need to add an accent mark to the 3rd syllable back.
•
•
Examples: terminar la tarea / terminar + la. Termínala (tú+) Termínela (Ud.+) Termínenla (Uds.+) (terminémosla Nosotros +) NEVER attach the pronoun to the negative command
Examples: terminar la tarea / terminar + la. No la termines (tú-­‐) No la termine (Ud.-­‐) No la terminen (Uds.-­‐) no la terminemos (Nosotros-­‐) HOW TO FORM THE PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE – WHICH IS THE SAME AS THE COMMANDS (EXCEPT TÚ +) DROP “O” FROM PRESENT ‘YO’ AND ADD THE OPPOSITE VOWEL ENDINGS FOR ALL SUBJECTS –
THE YO FORM USES THE OPPOSITE VOWEL, NOT ‘O’
NEVER ATTACH PRONOUNS TO THE VERB IN A PRESENT SUBJECTIVE SENTENCE
SPECIAL
ALL FORMS BUT
Nosotros +/ Nosotros – [vosotros, también]
CONSIDERATIONS: NOSOTROS/VOSOTROS
KEEP THE SPELLING CHANGE!!!
KEEP spelling change
NO STEM CHANGE for AR/ER verbs
KEEP stem change
IR STEM -CHANGING VERBS DO HAVE A STEM VOWEL
CHANGE = (E-I; O-U)
HOW TO FORM REGULAR INDICATIVE TENSES OF THE VERBS [not including –progressive tenses]
PRESENTE
IMPERFECTO
PRETERITO
FUTURO
INFINITIVE MINUS
ENDING + PRESENTE
ENDINGS OF THE
CORRESPONDING VERB
GROUP
3 sets of endings:
INFINITIVE MINUS
ENDING + IMPERFECT
ENDINGS OF THE
CORRESPONDING
VERB GROUP
AR= o, as, a, amos, áis, an
ER= o, es, e, emos, éis en
IR= o, es, e, imos, eís, en
TWO DIFFERENT
SETS OF ENDINGS
AR= aba, abas, aba,
ábamos, abáis, aban
KEEP IN MIND
Irregular yo forms:
1) conozco, obedezco
2) ‘go’ – tengo, etc.
3) stem-changing verbs
• o-ue (almorzar)
• u-ue (jugar)
• e-ie (perder)
• e-i (vestir)
4) uir – construyo, etc.
5) saber, ir, ser, estar, dar
6) ger – gj before o
recoger - recojo
INFINITIVE-ENDING +
PRETERITO ENDINGS OF
THE CORRESPONDING
VERB GROUP
USE THE WHOLE
INFINITIVE + THE
FUTURE ENDINGS SAME
FOR AR, ER, IR.
AR- é, aste, ó, amos, asteis
aron
ER+IR- í, iste, ió, imos
isteis ieron
é, ás, á, emos, éis, án
CONDICIONAL
USE THE WHOLE
INFINITIVE + THE
CONDITIONAL ENDINGS
SAME FOR AR, ER, IR.
KEEP IN MIND:
1. Spelling changes:
ía, ías, ía, íamos, íais, ían
ER+IR= ía, ías, ía, íamos,
CAR, GAR, ZAR,
íais, ían
2. IR stem changing
verbs have a special
IRREGULAR ROOTS:
KEEP IN MIND
single vowel (e-i and
1. valer(valdr)
Irregulars:
o-u) stem change in
2. salir (saldr)
the 3rd singular and
3. poder (podr)/
SER – era, eras, era
3rd plural forms:
4. poner (pondr)
éramos, erais, eran
example, servir
5. tener(tendr)
serví
servimos
6. saber (sabr)
IR - iba, ibas, iba
serviste
servisteis
7. hacer (har)
íbamos, ibais, iban
sirvió
sirvieron
8. querer(querr)
(some others: repetir, reír,
VER – veía, veías, veía
vestir, dormir, morir, pedir) 9. decir (dir)
10. venir(vendr)
Veíamos, veíais, veían
11. haber (habr)
3. VERBOS IRREGULARES
PRETÉRITO: ser, ir, tener,
andar, dar, ver, traer, saber,
decir, poder, poner, querer,
venir, conducir, producir
[all compounds of these
verbs are irregular as well]
PRESENTE/PAST PERFECT
*HABER CONJUGATED [he ,
has, ha, hemos, han] +
PAST PARTICIPLE:
AR – hablar/ hablado
ER – comer/ comido
IR – vivir / vivido
IRREGULAR PAST
PARTICIPLES:
1. abrir(abierto)
2. cubrir (cubierto)
3. decir (dicho)
4. escribir (escrito)
5. hacer (hecho)
6. morir (muerto
7. poner (puesto)
8. resolver (resuelto)
9. romper (roto)/
10. ver(visto)
11. volver (vuelto)
*OTHER PERFECT TENSES
are formed in the same way;
Conjugate Haber in the
corresponding tense for each
Past perfect – había, habías
Future perfect – habré, habrás
Conditional perfect – habría
Pres perfect subj – haya, hayas
Past perf subj – hubiera,