2014 Nutrition Country Profile
www.globalnutritionreport.org
Peru
ECONOMICS AND DEMOGRAPHY
UNDER-5 MORTALITY RATE
POVERTY RATES AND GDP
US$1.25/day (%)
US$2/day (%)
Gini index, 2010
11,400
9,915
6,476
12
POPULATION
13
40
5,237
5
2000
48
Source: World Bank 2014.
Note: 0 = perfect equality, 100 = perfect inequality.
79
24
1990
INCOME INEQUALITY
Deaths per 1,000 live births
GDP per capita
PPP ($)
2010
2013
Source: World Bank 2014.
Note: PPP = purchasing power parity.
1990
2000
20
18
2010
2012
Population (000)
29,988
Under-5 population (000)
2,925
2012
2012
Urban (%)
77
2010
> 65 years (%)
6
2012
Source: UNPD 2013.
Source: UN Inter-agency Group for Child Mortality Estimation 2013.
CHILD ANTHROPOMETRY
PREVALENCE OF
UNDER-5 STUNTING (%)
CHILD ANTHROPOMETRY
Number of children under 5 affected (000)
Stunting a
539
2012
Wasting a
18
2012
Overweight a
211
2012
CHANGES IN STUNTING PREVALENCE OVER TIME, BY WEALTH QUINTILE
Wealthiest
1
2012
Severe wasting a
0
2012
Overweight a
7
2012
Low birth weight b
8
2007
Sources: a UNICEF/WHO/WB 2014; b UNICEF 2014.
Middle
Second poorest
Poorest
28
24
23
20
18
Percentage of children under 5 affected
Wasting a
Second wealthiest
2006
2000
1996
0
2008
2009
2010
2011
20
2012
Source: UNICEF/WHO/WB 2014.
40
60
Mean prevalence of stunting (%)
Source: DHS surveys 1990−2011 adapted from Bredenkamp et al. 2014.
ADOLESCENT AND ADULT NUTRITION STATUS
ADOLESCENT AND ADULT ANTHROPOMETRY (% POPULATION)
MICRONUTRIENT STATUS OF POPULATION
Adolescent overweight a
20
2010
Adolescent obesity a
3
2010
Women of reproductive age, thinness 1
2012
Women of reproductive age, short stature b
10
2012
b
Women of reproductive age with anemia a
Total population affected (000)
19
2011
15
NA
Risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism (IIH) within 5–10 years
following introduction of iodized
salt in susceptible groups
1999
Total population affected (%)
Population classification of iodine nutrition
(age group 6–12) c
METABOLIC RISK FACTORS FOR DIET-RELATED
NONCOMMUNICABLE DISEASES, 2008 (%)
Raised blood glucose
2011
Vitamin A deficiency in preschool-age children (%) b
Sources: a WHO 2014; b DHS 2014.
Raised blood pressure
1,442
Sources: a Stevens et al. 2013; b WHO 2009; c WHO 2004.
Note: NA = not available.
Raised blood cholesterol
PREVALENCE OF ADULT OVERWEIGHT AND OBESITY, 2008 (%)
Overweight (BMI ≥ 25)
39
34
38
38
39
Both sexes
6
Male
52
Female
31
Male
6
Obesity (BMI ≥ 30)
6
22
43
11
48
Both sexes
17
Female
Source: WHO 2014.
Note: BMI = body mass index.
Source: WHO 2014.
WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY INDICATORS: PROGRESS AGAINST GLOBAL WHA TARGETS
Under-5 stunting, 2012
Under-5 wasting, 2012
Under-5 overweight, 2012
WRA anemia, 2011
Currently on course
Currently on course
Currently off course
Currently off course
Source: WHO 2014.
Notes: Currently it is only possible to determine whether a country is on or off course for four of the six WHA targets. The year refers to the most recent data available; on/off-course calculation is based on trend data.
WRA = women of reproductive age.
1
Peru
2014 Nutrition Country Profile
INTERVENTION COVERAGE AND CHILD-FEEDING PRACTICES
CONTINUUM OF CARE (%)
RATE OF EXCLUSIVE BREASTFEEDING
OF INFANTS UNDER 6 MONTHS (%)
INTERVENTION COVERAGE (%)
Antenatal care (4+ visits), 2012 a
Severe acute malnutrition, geographic coverage a
NA
Vitamin A supplementation, full coverage NA
NA
Children under 5 with diarrhea receiving ORS b
31
2012
Immunization coverage, DTP3 b
95
2012
Iodized salt consumption b
88
b
94
70
Skilled attendant at birth, 2012a
71
68
87
Initiation of breastfeeding within 1 hour after birth, 2010 a
51
NA
2012
Sources: UNICEF/Coverage Monitoring Network/ACF International 2012; UNICEF 2014.
Notes: ORS = oral rehydration salts; DTP3 = 3 doses of combined diphtheria/tetanus/
pertussis vaccine. NA = not available.
a
Continued breastfeeding at 1 year, 2011a
b
INFANT AND YOUNG-CHILD FEEDING PRACTICES (% 6–23 MONTHS)
77
Unmet need for family planning, 1986 b
28
2009
2010
2011
NA
NA
Minimum dietary diversity
NA
NA
Source: DHS.
Note: NA = not available.
Source: UNICEF 2014.
Sources: a UNICEF 2014; b UNPD 2014.
Minimum acceptable diet
UNDERLYING DETERMINANTS
FOOD SUPPLY
GENDER-RELATED DETERMINANTS
Available calories
from nonstaples (%):
data for 1991, 2000,
2009
Undernourishment (%):
data for 1991, 2000,
2010, 2014
42
Availability of fruits and
vegetables (grams):
data for 1990, 2000,
2010, 2011
43
41
32
23
14
1991
2000
2012
0.387
2013
77
2013
Gender Inequality Index (country rank) b
FEMALE SECONDARY
EDUCATION ENROLLMENT (%)
82
90
88
2010
2012
POPULATION DENSITY OF HEALTH WORKERS
PER 1,000 PEOPLE
365
207
Gender Inequality Index (score*) b
15
Sources: a UNICEF 2014; b UNDP 2014.
Note: *0 = low inequality, 1 = high inequality.
469
467
Early childbearing: births by age 18 (%) a
9
2010
Physicians
1.132
2012
Nurses and midwives
1.514
2012
NA
NA
Community health workers
2014
Source: WHO 2014.
Note: NA = not available.
Source: FAOSTAT 2014.
1990
2000
Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistics 2014.
GOVERNMENT EXPENDITURES (%)
IMPROVED DRINKING WATER COVERAGE (%)
Piped on premises
Other improved
7
13
13
21
67
54
1990
Improved facilities
Shared facilities
Unimproved
Surface water
9
17
2000
IMPROVED SANITATION COVERAGE (%)
4
9
5
7
6
82
Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2014.
Social protection
Agriculture
1.6
6
13
8
20
10
7
34
2012
Health
Education
Unimproved facilities
Open defecation
54
63
73
1990
2000
2012
21.0
8.9
6.4
1990
Source: WHO/UNICEF JMP 2014.
2000
2010
2012
Source: IFPRI 2014.
FINANCIAL RESOURCES AND POLICY, LEGISLATION, AND INSTITUTIONAL ARRANGEMENTS
SCALING UP NUTRITION (SUN) COUNTRY
INSTITUTIONAL TRANSFORMATIONS, 2014 (%)
Bringing people into a shared space for action
POLICY AND LEGISLATIVE PROVISIONS
51
National implementation of the International
Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes a
Extent of constitutional right to food b
Ensuring a coherent policy and legal framework
78
Law
2014
Medium-high
2003
Partial
2011
Maternity protection (Convention 183) c
Aligning actions around a common results framework
38
Wheat fortification legislation d
Financial tracking and resource mobilization
81
Undernutrition mentioned in national development plans and economic growth strategies e
Total weighted
62
Mandatory
2004
Rank: 28/83
2011–
2021
Sources: UNICEF 2014; FAO 2003; ILO 2013; FFI 2014; IDS 2014.
a
b
c
d
e
AVAILABILITY AND STAGE OF
IMPLEMENTATION OF GUIDELINES/
PROTOCOLS/STANDARDS FOR THE
MANAGEMENT OF NCDs
Diabetes
Not available
2010
Hypertension
Available,
partially
implemented
2010
Source: WHO 2014.
Note: NCDs = noncommunicable diseases.
Source: SUN 2014.
For complete source information: www.Globalnutritionreport.org/about/technical-notes.
© 2014 International Food Policy Research Institute
2