Name:_________________________________________________ Period:__________
Chapter 13 Personality
Introduction & The Psychoanalytic Perspective (pp. 553-564)
1. Personality:
2. Why is Freud so important in psychology? (So much so that people assume he is the most important
theorist?)
3. Where and when did Freud work/live?
4. Freud’s main technique…
Free Association:
5. What’s the point and goal of free association?
6. Psychoanalysis:
7. How is Repression central to Freud’s concept of mind?
8. What do Slips of the Tongue (Freudian Slips) reveal?
9. Manifest Content of a dream:
10. Latent Content of a dream:
11. Levels of Consciousness:

Conscious:

Preconscious:

Unconscious:
12. Parts of the Personality (according to Freud):

Id: (Pleasure Principle)

Ego: (Reality Principle)

Superego:
13. Freud’s concept of the mind is often represented by an iceberg. (Figure 13.1) Copy the drawing of the
iceberg below. Make sure to include: id, ego, superego, conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
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14. Freud’s Psychosexual Stages:
Stage
Focus
__________________ (0-_____months)
__________________ (18 - ____months)
__________________(3- _______ years)
__________________ (____years – puberty)
___________________ ____________
15. What did Freud believe most influences our developing identity, personality, and frailties?
16. Fixate:

Example:
17. Defense Mechanisms:
18. RECAP: What is the main purpose of a defense mechanism?
Defense Mechanism
Definition
Example
Repression
Regression
Reaction Formation
Projection
Rationalization
Displacement
Sublimation
Denial
19. Describe one recent situation where you have used a defense mechanism. Which one? What
happened?
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The Neo-Freudian and Psychodynamic Theorists
1. On what beliefs do Neo-Freudians differ from Freud?
2. What does Adler believe behavior is driven by?
3. What does Horney say childhood anxiety triggers?
4. What is Carl Jung’s Collective Unconscious?

Example Archetype:
Assessing Unconscious Processes
1. Projective Tests:
Why do they suit the psychodynamic theory?
2. Thematic Apperception Test (TAT):
3. Rorschach Inkblot Test:
4. Why do critics dislike projective tests, such as the Rorschach test?
Evaluating the Psychoanalytic Perspective
1. What is the most serious problem with Freud’s theory?
2. Is Repression actually as widely used as Freud’s supporters tend to think?
3. False Consensus Effect:
(Define and tie to psychoanalytic theory.)
4. Terror-Management Theory:
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Humanistic Perspective (pp. 564-567)
1. Humanistic Theorists’ basic beliefs:
2. How is humanistic theory different from behaviorism?
Abraham Maslow’s Self-Actualizing Person
3. Self-Actualization:
4. Self-Transcendence:
5. Peak Experiences:
6. REVIEW: Draw the Hierarchy of Needs in the space below. You don’t need definitions, just the
names of each level:
7. Name some of the people Maslow studied to form his theory.
8. List at least four characteristics of people who are self-actualizing.




Carl Roger’s Person-Centered Perspective
1. Roger’s Person-Centered (Client Centered) Perspective focuses on three conditions being
met.
Explain each:
 Genuineness

Acceptance

Empathy
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2. Unconditional Positive Regard:
3. Self-Concept:
4. What happens if our self-concept is positive?
5. What happens if our self-concept is negative?
6.
What happens when the Ideal and Actual Self are alike?
7. What are some of the criticisms against Humanist Psychology? (You should have at least three.)
Trait Theories (pp. 567-576)
1. Traits:
2. What is the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) usually used for?
3. Factor Analysis:
4. What are Eysenck’s two personality dimensions?

Where would you be on Eysenck’s – Introverted or Extraverted? Stable or Unstable?
5. Does biology influence your personality? Discuss a specific example.
6. Personality Inventory:
7. Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) -- The Mother of Them All!
8. Empirically Derived Test:
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9. What is the difference between Projective Tests and Personality Inventories?
10. What are Costa & McCrae’s BIG FIVE dimensions of personality? List and describe each:
C
A
N
O
E
11. How stable are the Big Five traits in adulthood?
12. What is the Person-Situation Controversy?
13. Overall, what does the research show – are our traits more stable over time or more changing?
14. What about situations – is our personality consistent from one situation to another?
The Social Cognitive Perspective (pp. 576-589)
1. Bandura’s Social Cognitive Perspective:
2. Reciprocal Determinism:

Example:
3. Personal Control (Julian Rotter):

External Locus of Control:

Internal Locus of Control:
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4. Describe Martin Seligman’s research with dogs.
5. Learned Helplessness:
6. Optimism Vs. Pessimism:

List two effects of having Optimism:

What can happen if we have excessive optimism?
7. Basic beliefs of Positive Psychology (Read Close-Up on p. 581):
8. Who is the founder of Positive Psychology?
9. Why are some students confused after doing badly on a test?
10. What is the best way to predict behavior in situations?
11. What do critics say about the Social-Cognitive Theories?
Exploring the Self
1. Self:
2. Spotlight Effect:
3. Self-Esteem:
4. Self-Efficacy:
5. Self-Serving Bias:

Example:
6. Compare “defensive self-esteem” and “secure self-esteem.”
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