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? What is Reproduction? 0 The survival of any species depends on the ability to reproduce 0 Lets genetic information(DNA) be passed on to new organisms 0 There are two types of reproduction: 0 Asexual reproduction 0 Sexual reproduction Asexual Reproduction 0 Most single-­‐celled and some multicellular organisms 0 When one organism produces one or more new organisms that are identical to itself Asexual Reproduction 0 Parent: 0 Offspring: 0 Produces 0 New new organism 0 Passes all its genetic information to offspring organism 0 Genetically identical to parent Different Types of Asexual Reproduction 0 There are four types of asexual reproduction: 1. Binary Qission 2. Budding 3. Spores 4. Vegetative Reproduction Binary Fission 0 In prokaryotes 0 The parent organism splits into two new cells 0 New cells are exactly like the parent cell Budding 0 Eukaryotes 0 Single celled yeasts 0 Multicellular hydras 0 Organism develops tiny buds on its body 0 A bud grows until it forms a new full-­‐sized organism that is genetically identical to the parent Spores 0 A specialized cell that can survive harsh conditions 0 This organism is light and can be carried by the wind 0 Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes 0 Fungus Vegetative Reproduction 0 New plants may grow from stems, roots, or leaves that will eventually drop off the parent plant 0 Offspring is genetically identical to the parent Advantages of Asexual Reproduction 0  Reproduces very quickly 0 Offspring are identical to parent: 0 Ensures that any favorable traits of the parent is passed on to the offspring 0 Parent does not need a partner to reproduce Sexual Reproduction 0 Most multicellular organisms 0 The reproductive process that involves two parents who combine their genetic material to produce a new organism Sexual Reproduction 0 Half the genes come from each parent 0 Offspring are not identical to either parent 0 Offspring differs from both parents Fertilization 0 One parent that is a male and the other is female 0 Males produce sex cells called sperm cells 0 Females produce sex cells called eggs 0 When a sperm cell and an egg join together 0 New cell is formed is called a zygote Advantages of Sexual Reproduction 0 Increase in genetic variation 0 Offspring have different traits: 0 Improves the chance that at least some offspring will survive. (especially during environment changes 0 More likely to survive