Third Rosenberg International Forum
On Water Policy
SALI N I T Y M ANAGEM EN T I N T H E N I LE
DELTA
CASE ST U DY :REU SE OF DRAI NAGE
WAT ER I N EGY PT
BY
DR. ABDEL FATAH M ETAWI E
Canberra, Australia
October 7-11th , 2002
I nt roduc t ion
Challenges
 Limited Water Resources:
- Fixed Fresh Water Share.
- Arid Climate.
- Limited Safe Ground Water Abstraction.
 Rapid Population Growth:
- Population : 67 million in 2002.
Environmental degradation:
- Water Salinity.
- Water Quality Problems.
I nt roduc t ion
Cont .
Limited Share of Water Per Capita
SHARE OF WATER PER CAPITA IN EGYPT
3000
SHARE [M^3/YR.)
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
1955
1990
YEAR
2025
I nt roduc t ion
Cont .
High Population Density:
- Nile Valley Area
= 4% of the Total Area.
- Population Density
= 1200 inhabitants/Km2.
Ava ila ble Wa t e r
Re sourc e s
Water Supply
Present
Future (2017)
55.5
55.5
Deep Ground Water
(Renewable & Non)
5
6
Rainfall & Harvested
Flash Floods
1.0
1.5
61.5
63.0
Surface Water
Total
* Figures in BCM
Ava ila ble Wa t e r
Re sourc e s
WATER RESOURCES (EGYPT)
91 %
60
Water (billion m^3/Year)
50
40
30
20
8%
<1%
10
0
Surface-water
Ground-water
Coastal rainfall
Proje c t e d Wa t e r De m a nd
a nd De fic it
Water Demands
Present
2017
- Agriculture
61.5
66.5
- Domestic
4.5
7.0
- Industry
7.5
12.5
- Navigation
0.5
0.0
Total
74
86
Deficit
12.5
23
Water Use Utilization
Utilization
- Drainage Water Reuse
BCM
4.0
- Irrigation Improvement (Drip, spray, .)
4.0
- Increasing Groundwater Potential
2.0
- Sea Water desalinization (Coastal Areas)
0.5
- Treated Sewage Water
2.0
- Improved Crop Patterns
3.0
Total
15.5
SA L I N I T Y
M A N A GEM EN T
•
T he M a jor Sourc e s Of Wa t e r Pollut ion
in Rive r N ile a re :
M unic ipa l & Rura l dom e st ic se w a ge
I ndust ria l w a t e r & Agric ult ure c he m ic a l
•
Egypt & N e t he rla nds joint ly e x e c ut e
t he proje c t “M onit oring a nd Ana lysis of
Dra ina ge w a t e r Qua lit y” “M ADWQ
proje c t ”
1 -1 ) Proje c t
obje c t ive s
•
I m ple m e nt a t ion of m e a suring ne t w ork t o
m onit or dra ina ge w a t e r qua lit y in N ile -de lt a
a nd Fa youm .
•
U se of m a t he m a t ic a l m ode ls t o support
dra ina ge w a t e r m a na ge m e nt .
•
Syst e m a t ic public a t ion of da t a a nd da t a int e rpre t a t ion
•
Enha nc ing re se a rc h c a pa c it y a t DRI .
I m m e dia t e Obje c t ive s of t he Proje c t
a re :
• U pgra ding of t he a lre a dy e x ist ing
m onit oring ne t w ork .
• Ex t e nsion of t he
dra ina ge m onit oring
ne t w ork t o c ove ra ll c rit ic a l sit e s.
• Est a blishm e nt s of a
da t a ba se on t he
pollut ion dra ina ge syst e m s.
I m m e dia t e obje c t ive s of t he proje c t a re
(c ont .)
•
Cost -e ffe c t ive upgra ding of t he fie ld
• De ve lopm e nt
of int e rpre t a t ion t ools a nd
prot e c t ion m ode ls.
• As c e rt a in t he
a va ila bilit y of w a t e r qua lit y
a nd loa d m ode ls.
• St re ngt he ning DRI
w it h t he w e ll t ra ine d
st a ff in w a t e r pollut ion, fie ld sa m ple .
3 ) Ac hie ve m e nt s:
A n int e gra t e d m e a suring ne t w ork .
T he U se of num e ric a l sim ula t ion m ode ls
T he re se a rc h c a pa c it y a t DRI .
Syst e m a t ic public a t ion of Da t a a nd Da t a
int e rpre t a t ion
3 ) Proje c t im ple m e nt a t ion
• I t st a rt e d w it h t he re c onna issa nc e w a t e r
qua lit y surve y, t o obt a in ge ne ra l insight in
t he w a t e r qua lit y st a t us .
• M onit oring progra m a t se le c t e d point s w a s
de signe d for de t a ile d insight in t he w a t e r
qua lit y .
• Fina lly t he
qua nt it y a nd qua lit y progra m s
w e re int e gra t e d int o one progra m
4 ) N ET WORK S DESEI GN
I M PL EM EN T A T I ON
4 .1 ) RECON N A I SSA N CE SU RV ERY
N ET WORK .
• The
t ot al num ber of param et ers w as 34
t ak ing int o c onsiderat ion.
Mic robiologic al& The c lassic
param et ers
Ox y g e n r e l a t e d p a r a m e t e r s .
Nut rient s and ex t ended c at ions.
T a b l e .4 .1 . N u m b e r o f m o n i t o r i n g l o c a t i o n s i n
different regions inc luded in t he rec onnaissanc e
survey.
Num ber of loc at ions
Ea s t e r n -De l t a
Ex i s t i n g
Monit oring
Pr o g r a m
34
M i d d l e -De l t a
32
38
70
We s t e r n -De l t a
29
40
69
Fa y o u m a r e a
-
17
17
Re f e r e n c e
point
Tot al
-
1
1
95
135
230
Re g i o n
Addit ional
Tot al
39
73
The m onit oring net w ork of t he Nile
delt a
4 .2 A u t o m a t e d Wa t e r Qu a l i t y
M o n i t o r i n g St a t i o n s
•
Fo u r a u t o m a t e d Wa t e r Qu a l i t y M o n i t o r i n g
St a t i o n (CWQM S) w e r e i n s t a l l e d a t
s t r a t e g i c l o c a t i o n s i n t h e N i l e De l t a .
•
De s k St u d y h a s b e e n c a r r i e d t o i d e n t i f y
sourc es of pollut ion t o t he drainage
syst em .
Loc at ions of t he c ont inuous w at er qualit y m onit oring st at ions in t he
N i l e De l t a
• Int ak e
o f H a n o u t I r r . Pu m p s t a t i o n a t B a h r H a d o u s
Da r i n ;
•
I n t a k e o f El -Sa l a m 3 p u m p s t a t i o n s a t B a h r
Hadous drain;
•
I n t a k e o f H a m u l I r r . Pu m p s t a t i o n a t Gh a r b i a m a i n
5 ) I N FORM A T I ON
M A N A GEM EN T
• The
support ing t ools for m anaging t o
t he end users are:
A pow erful relat ional dat abase c apable of
handling huge am ount s of dat a.
Si m u l a t i o n m o d e l s f o r e v a l u a t i o n t h e
c hanges in surfac e w at er qualit y.
6 ) M ode ling
• T he SI WARE m ode l & t he t hre e De lt a
m ode ls ha ve be e n a djust e d for int e gra t ion
t o e va lua t e diffe re nt w a t e r m a na ge m e nt
st ra t e gie s for t he fut ure .
• t he input of SI WARE a re :
T he re use of dra ina ge w a t e r pla ns
T he irriga t ion m e t hods .
T he m unic ipa l use of surfa c e w a t e r
7 ) Dra ina ge w a t e r qua lit y
st a t us
• An e x t e nsive surve y is a va ila ble of t he
w a t e r qua lit y in dra ina ge syst e m in t he
N ile De lt a a nd Fa youm
• Da t a
a re now a va ila ble for t he ye a rs 1 9 9 6 2 0 0 0 a nd w ill be e x t e nde d t o a llow for
m ore a na lyse s.
• T he pre se nt m onit oring re sult s indic a t e
t ha t a ll dra ins suffe r from dom e st ic
disc ha rge s a nd som e dra ins re c e ive
• T he
m ost pollut e d dra ins a re :
T he Ba ha r El Ba qa r in t he Ea st e rn
De lt a .
T he Gha rbia dra in in t he m iddle de lt a
T he U m oum a nd Abu-K e e r drins in t he
We st e rn De lt a .
A v e r a g e B OD
c onc ent rat io
n in t he Nile
delt a 1997
A v . Di s s o l v e d
Ox y g e n
c onc ent rat ion in
t he Nile delt a
1997
8 ) FU T U RE DEV ELOPM EN T
• Pre pa ra t ion of t he
Ce nt ra l La bora t orie s
for Environm e nt a l Qua lit y M onit oring .
• T he
Dra ina ge -m onit oring ne t w ork s is
e x pa nde d int o a na t iona l ne t w ork .
• As m ore
da t a be c om e a va ila ble ,t he
st a t ist ic a l a na lysis for t he da t a w ill be
possible .
• c om put e r m ode ls a nd t e c hnique s a re
e x pa nde d t o inc lude pre dic t ion of c e rt a in
Implementation program of subsurface drainage up to 2017
total executed
activity
executed
uptill 30/6/2002 before 1982
area
area
first plan
second plan
third plan
forth plan
proposal in
proposal in
1982-1987
area
1987-1992
area
1992-2997
area
1997-2002
area
2002-2007
area
2007-2012
area
Nile Delta
3728
1640
509
507
552
520
500
372
Nile valley
Total of
subsurface
drainage
1465
608
332
220
168
137
150
185
5193
2248
841
727
720
657
650
557
total executed
executed
first plan
second plan
third plan
forth plan
proposal in
proposal in
1982-1987
cost
124
82
1987-1992
cost
277
107
1992-2997
cost
459
213
1997-2002
cost
500
250
2002-2007
cost
720
292
2007-2012
cost
600
300
206
384
672
750
1012
900
activity
Nile Delta
Nile valley
Total of
subsurface
drainage
uptill 30/6/2002 before 1982
cost
cost
1670
310
782
130
2452
440
Implementation Program Of Subsurface drainage up to 2017
4000
3500
3000
Area
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
total
executed
uptill
30/6/2002
executed
before 1982
first plan
1982-1987
second plan
1987-1992
third plan
1992-2997
Nile Delta
forth plan
1997-2002
Nile valley
proposal in proposal in proposal in
2002-2007
2007-2012
2012-2017
Implementation Program Of Subsurface drainage up to 2017
1800
1600
1400
cost
1200
1000
800
600
400
200
0
total
executed
uptill
30/6/2002
executed
before 1982
first plan
1982-1987
second plan
1987-1992
third plan
1992-2997
forth plan
1997-2002
Nile Delta
Nile valley
proposal in proposal in proposal in
2002-2007
2007-2012
2012-2017
T ha nk you for
your
a t t e nt ion