HEATING
Preparatory questions for TEST 2
METEOROLOGY, PART 2
1. How is the balance point temperature difference calculated for an unheated (uncooled)
room?
2. How is the balance point temperature determined with a diagram?
3. Explain the impact of added thermal insulation on the balance point temperature of a
room.
4. How is the heating degree days defined (calculation formula and figure)? What factors
influence the HDD?
5. Relation of heating degree days and temperature duration curve.
6. How seasonal heating energy demand and cost is calculated? Explain the influencing
factors (incl. a-factor).
HEAT EMITTING DEVICES
1. Types of heat emission devices in water heating systems. Short description.
Advantages – disadvantages.
2. Radiator selection – concerning a real design process! Input data, participants,
selection methods.
3. Write down the heating capacity of a radiator. Show the effecting factors
(temperatures, mass flow rate, input direction, covering)
4. Radiator types. Structure, material. Connection modes of panel radiators.
GAS BOILERS AND CHIMNEYS
1. Draw a schematic drawing of a condensing boiler and draw the change in the
efficiency in relation to return temperature
2. Show the European classification of gas appliances. What is definition of A, B, C
group?
3. What is definition of combustion efficiency and boiler efficiency of boilers? Define
seasonal efficiency. How does the efficiency of boilers change depending on the load?
4. Which parameters are in the design of a chimney?
5. What pressure and temperature requirements have to be considered when sizing a
chimney? How do you calculate the theoretical draught and the pressure resistance of
chimneys?
6. In what position may the adjacent building influence the operation of the chimney
outlet?
BIOMASS BOILERS
1. How the effective air demand can be defined, and why is it important?
2. How the excess air factor by biomass firing can be defined?
3. List some of the buffer storage sizing methods! Explain the disadvantages of each
procedures.
4. Draw a biomass-fired system with buffer storage and solar collectors. Explain the
operation of safety cooling.
5. Draw a biomass-firing system with a transmission line, manifold and domestic hot
water producing. Explain the operation of the return temperature raising system. Why
is it important?
6. Draw an ordinary boiler room and describe the main devices.
7. Which are the components of the solid fuels? List the main chemical equations of the
firing of the solid fuels.
PUMPS
1. Classification of pumps. Describe centrifugal pumps: basic construction, main
elements. Define Head (H).
2. Compare wet and dry runner pumps. Advantages – disadvantages.
3. Draw the pump curve of two pumps connected in parallel. Draw the characteristic
curve for a pump and a system curve. Indicate the duty point.
4. Draw the pump curve of two pumps connected in series. Draw the characteristic curve
for a pump and a system curve. Indicate the duty point.
5. Draw the characteristic curve for a pump and a system curve. Indicate the duty point.
Draw the efficiency curve for a pump. Define pump efficiency (equation).
6. Describe cavitation effect. Reasons, effects and solutions.
BALANCING
1. Why is it necessary obtaining the design flows?
2. What is the idea of balancing valves?
3. What is actually a balancing balancing valve?
4. The pumphead’s calculation is based on? ……
5. Why is necessary to obtain at least 3 kPa at the most remote (e.g. unfavourable unit)
thermal unit’s balancing valve?
PIPE SIZING, HEAT EXCHANGERS, THERMAL COMFORT
1. Basic equation of heating pipes sizing. Calculation of friction loss, valve and fitting
loss.
2. What kind of plate heat exchangers do you know? Advantages, disadvantages.
3.
4.
5.
6.
What is the definition of thermal comfort and what are its effecting factors?
What can be PMV and PPD used for?
Explain what local discomfort parameters are and show each in a diagram!
Where do we apply PMV-PPD model and where do we apply the adaptive model?
EXPANSION VESSELS, DEAERATION
1. Draw a heating system with a diaphragm pressure expansion vessel and draw the
characteristic pressure levels.
2. Which tasks has a pressure maintaining system?
3. Draw a diaphragm pressure expansion vessel. How does it operate?
4. Draw the diagram of dissolved air in water, in function of temperature and pressure.
CONTROL AND THERMOSTATIC VALVES
1. Draw the scheme of the 3-way mixing control valve in case of mixing or of
distribution function!
2. Draw the characteristic diagram of temperature control and mass flow control.
3. Write the equation of the flow, kv-value and pressure drop. Mark the unit.
4. Which are steps of choosing a 3-way mixing valve?
5. How we calculate the authority of a control valve?
DOMESTIC HOT WATER PRODUCTION
1. Characteristic of DHW (water quality, temperatures) Typical consumption modells.
Hot water demand. DHW systems (list!)
2. DHW systems. Main issues, advantages – disadvantages.
3. Indirectly heated water storage systems. Main issues of serial connection.
4. Indirectly heated water storage systems. Main issues of parallel connection.
5. Different types of parallel conection. Connection modells and short description.
EPBD, ENERGY PERFORMANCE AND EPCs
1. Definition of final energy and primary energy.
2. Definition of the energy performance of a building for energy certification
3. Compare the asset and the operational method for energy certification
4. Which numeric indicators are usually taken into account for energy certification?
5. Describe the main pillars of the building energy requirements for Hungary
6. What factors influence the specific heat loss coefficient?
7. How do you calculate the direct solar gains?
8. Definition of the total primary energy factor.
9. What factors influence the annual net heating energy demand?
10. What factors influence the primary energy consumption for heating?
PASSIVE HOUSES
1. The three criteria of passive houses.
2. Typical construction solutions in passive houses.
3. Air-tightness requirement in passive houses. Concept of blower-door test.
4. Concept of mechanical ventilation in passive houses.
5. Typical heat generation concepts in passive houses.