Properties of Matter
Characteristic vs. Non-Characteristic
Physical/Chemical properties
● These properties can be observed or measured.
● We use these properties to describe objects.
● There are two categories
1. Non-Characteristic
2. Characteristic
Physical Properties
1. Non-Characteristic property
●
●
It is a physical or chemical property that is
not unique to a substance.
It can be used to describe many
substances.
ex. using only mass I can not differentiate
between a box of rocks and a dog
2. Characteristic property
●
●
It is a physical or chemical property that is
unique to a particular substance.
It can be used to identify a substance.
ex. Digital fingerprints are unique to each
individual person.
1. Non-Characteristic properties
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Mass
Volume
Acidity and basicity
Temperature
Conductivity
Mass
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Quantity
Mass expresses the
amount of matter in a
substance.
Different than weight
because it is constant.
The same mass can be
shared by different
substances
To determine mass we
need a measurement tool
???????
????????
Does the astronaut have the same mass on
both planets? Does he have the same
weight?
Units of mass
Large masses
Unit of measurement
Example
Kilogram (kg)
Desks
Cars
Elephant
1 kg= 1000 g
Medium masses
Gram (g)
1 g= 0.001 kg
1g= 1000 mg
Small masses
Milligram (mg)
1 mg= 0.001
1 mg= 0.0000 001 kg
Book
Fruit
Meat
Vegetables
Coins
Pills (i.e advil, tylenol)
Paperclip
Nails
Converting!
K
I
L
O
Larger units
H
E
C
T
O
D [Unit] D
E
E
C
K
I
A
C
E
N
T
I
M
I
L
L
I
Smaller units
King Henry Died [unit] Didn’t Care Much
Ex. 280 kg=________mg
280 000 000
K H D [g] D C M
how many places are we jumping?
which way do we move the decimal?
are we going from big to small?
Example
Q: Why is it harder to move a
desk than it is to pick up a
pencil?
A: Because a desk contains
more matter than a pencil
does. Therefore, we say that a
desk has a larger mass than a
pencil.
Triple beam balance
Volume
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The space occupied by
matter is called volume.
Different objects have
different characteristics
like: small, big, thin, wide
○ These characteristics
are ones that help to
talk about volume.
Solids, liquids and gases
have volumes.
Like mass, we need a
measurement tool to
determine the volume BUT
the tools and units change
depending on the state of
matter
Regular solid
Unit of
measurement
Method of
measurement
Measurement
tool
Centimetre cubed
(cm3)
Formula:
Ruler
volume=
length x
height x
depth
Tape measure
Place the irregular
solid into the
measurement tool
and measure the
volume of the water
displaced
Graduated
cylinder
Put the liquid into a
graduated cylinder
and read the scale
Graduated
cylinder
Meter cubed (m3)
Millimeter cubed
(mm3)
Irregular solid
millimeter (mL)
Centimeter cubed
(cm3)
1 mL= 1 cm3
Liquid
Liter (L)
Milliliter (mL)
Meter stick
Overflow vase
Temperature
●
●
Amount of heat that matter
contains.
We use a degress celsius (°
C) in our daily lives
○ the scale is based on
the three states of
water.
○ 0°C is when water
freezes
○ 100°C is when water
boils
At room temperature what state
is water in?
Acidity and basicity
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PH levels can be measured
for different liquids.
We see acids and bases in
our everyday lives.
We use a PH scale to
measure acidity and
basicity
○ scale goes from 1-14
○ acids have PH level
below 7
○ 7 is neutral
○ bases have a PH level
above 7
We use litmus paper to
measure acidity and
basicity
What do you use everyday that is
basic?
What do you use everyday that is
acidic?
Neutral
Tastes
sour
Tastes
bitter
2. Characteristic properties
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Density (how much stuff is in a certain space)
Boiling point
Point of fusion
Density
●
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How much stuff is in a
specific space.
○ how many particles in
a given volume.
The more particles there
are in a space, the higher
the density.
D= mass/volume
○ divide mass of the
object by volume of
the object
Ex. Balloon vs. bowling ball
Which box has a higher density?
Boiling/Condensation
point
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Boiling point is the point at
which a substance goes
from the liquid state to the
gaseous state.
○ a liquid will boil
The opposite transition
where a substance goes
from gas to liquid state is
called condensation.
○ happens at the same
temperature as the
boiling point.
Ex. water boils at 100 °C and
lithium boils at 1, 347 °C
What is the transition happening on the left?
What is the transition happening on the
right?
Point of
fusion/solidification
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Point of fusion is where a
substance transitions from
the solid state to the liquid
state.
The opposite transition
where a substance goes
from a liquid to a solid is
called solidification.
What is the name of the transition above?
Ex. water melts at 0°C and iron
melts at 1,538 °C
Substance
Point of fusion (°C)
Boiling point (°C)
Oxygen
-218
-183
Mercury
-39
357
Water
0
100
Étain
232
2602
Lead
328
1740
Aluminium
660
2519
Table salt
801
1413
Silver
962
2162
Gold
1064
2856
Iron
1535
2861