Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China: Bibliography of Materials in Western
Languages
Paul R. Goldin
May 14, 2017 (ca. 1,350 entries)
Many thanks to everyone who has submitted suggestions and corrections, including, most
recently, Daniel J. Burton-Rose.
Adamek, Wendi (2003). “Inscriptions for Nuns at Lingquan Temple, Bao Shan.” In
Deng et al. (2003), I, 493-518.
Ahern, Emily M. (1975). “The Power and Pollution of Chinese Women.” In Wolf and
Witke (1975), 193-214.
Aijmer, Göran (2010). “Cold Food, Fire and Ancestral Production: Mid-Spring
Celebrations in Central China.” Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society 20.3: 319-44.
Allen, Sarah M. (2006). “Tales Retold: Narrative Variation in a Tang Story.” Harvard
Journal of Asiatic Studies 66.1: 105-43.
Alley, Rewi, tr. (1963). The Eighteen Laments. Beijing: New World.
Altenburger, Roland (2005). “Is It Clothes That Make the Man? Cross-Dressing, Gender,
and Sex in Pre-Twentieth-Century Zhu Yingtai Lore.” Asian Folklore Studies 64.2: 165205.
Altenburger, Roland (2009). The Sword or the Needle: The Female Knight-Errant (xia)
in Traditional Chinese Narrative. Welten Ostasiens 15. Bern: Peter Lang.
Ames, Roger T. (1981). “Taoism and the Androgynous Ideal.” In Guisso and
Johannesen (1981), 21-45.
Anderson, Mary M. (1990). Hidden Power: The Palace Eunuchs of Imperial China.
Buffalo, N.Y.: Prometheus.
Andreeva, Anna, and Dominic Steavu, eds. (2016). Transforming the Void:
Embryological Discourse and Reproductive Imagery in East Asian Religions. Sir Henry
Wellcome Asian Series 16. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Ayscough, Florence (1937). Chinese Women, Yesterday & To-Day. Boston: Houghton
Mifflin.
Baker, Hugh D.R. (1979). Chinese Family and Kinship. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Balkwill, Stephanie (2016). “When Renunciation is Good Politics: The Women of the
Imperial Nunnery of the Northern Wei (386-534).” Nan Nü 18.2: 224-56.
Bao, Xiaolan (1990). “Integrating Women into Chinese History: Reflections on
Historical Scholarship on Women in China.” Chinese Historians 3.2: 3-20.
Baptandier, Brigitte (2008). The Lady of Linshui: A Chinese Female Cult. Tr. Kristin
Ingrid Fryklund. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Baptandier, Brigitte (2012). “Du meurtre symbolique du père et de l’aspect insaisissable
du présent.” In Graziani and Lanselle (2012), 277-311.
Baptandier, Brigitte (2016). “On the Effectiveness of Symbols: Women’s Bodies as
Mandalas.” In Andreeva and Steavu (2016), 212-49.
Barbieri-Low, Anthony J. (2011). “Craftsman’s Literacy: Uses of Writing by Male and
Female Artisans in Qin and Han China.” In Li and Branner (2011), 370-99.
Barnes, Nancy Schuster (1985). “Striking a Balance: Women and Images of Women in
Early Chinese Buddhism.” Women, Religion, and Social Change. Ed. Yvonne Yazbeck
Haddad and Ellison Banks Findly. Albany: State University of New York Press. 87-111.
Barr, Allan [H.] (1989). “Disarming Intruders: Alien Women in Liaozhai zhiyi.”
Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 49: 501-18.
Barr, Allan H. (2013). “Marriage and Mourning in Early-Qing Tributes to Wives.” Nan
Nü 15.1: 137-78.
Barrett, T.H. (2008). The Woman Who Discovered Printing. New Haven and London:
Yale University Press.
Benard, Elisabeth (2000). “Transformations of Wen Cheng Kongjo: The Tang Princess,
Tibetan Queen, and Buddhist Goddess Tara.” In Benard and Moon (2000), 149-64.
Benard, Elisabeth, and Beverly Moon, eds. (2000). Goddesses Who Rule. Oxford:
Oxford University Press.
Berg, Daria (2002). Carnival in China: A Reading of the Xingshi yinyuan zhuan. China
Studies 1. Leiden: Brill.
Berg, Daria (2004). “Der Kult um die Unsterbliche Tanyangzi: Biographie als Bestseller
im China der späten Kaiserzeit.” In Kralle and Schilling (2004), 310.
Berg, Daria (2007a). “Female Self-Fashioning in Late Imperial China: How the
Gentlewoman and the Courtesan Edited Her Story and Rewrote Hi/story.” In Berg, ed.
2
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
(2007), 238-89.
Berg, Daria (2007b). “Negotiating Gentility: The Banana Garden Poetry Club in
Seventeenth-Century China.” In Berg and Starr (2007), 73-93.
Berg, Daria (2009). “Cultural Discourse on Xue Susu, a Courtesan in Late Ming China.”
International Journal of Asian Studies 6.2: 171-200.
Berg, Daria (2013a). “Courtesan Editor: Sexual Politics in Early Modern China.”
T’oung Pao 99.1-3: 173-211.
Berg, Daria (2013b). Women and the Literary World in Early Modern China, 1580-1700.
Routledge Studies in the Early History of Asia 8. Abingdon, U.K.
Berg, Daria, ed. (2007). Reading China: Fiction, History and the Dynamics of Discourse:
Essays in Honour of Professor Glen Dudbridge. China Studies 10. Leiden and Boston.
Berg, Daria, and Chloë Starr, eds. (2007). The Quest for Gentility in China: Negotiations
beyond Gender and Class. Routledge Studies in the Modern History of Asia. London
and New York.
Bernhardt, Kathryn (1995). “The Inheritance Rights of Daughters: The Song Anomaly?”
Modern China 21.3: 269-309.
Bernhardt, Kathryn (1996). “A Ming-Qing Transition in Chinese Women’s History?
The Perspective from Law.” In Hershatter et al. (1996), 42-58.
Bernhardt, Kathryn (1999). Women and Property in China, 960-1949. Law, Society,
and Culture in China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Berthier, Brigitte (1988). La Dame-du-bord-de-l’eau. Recherches sur la Haute Asie 8.
Nanterre: Société d’ethnologie.
Bertholet, Ferdinand M. (2003). Gardens of Pleasure: Eroticism and Art in China.
Munich and New York: Prestel.
Besio, Kimberly (1994). “In a Woman’s Voice: Portrayals of Heroism in Two zaju on
Three Kingdoms Themes.” Ming Studies 32: 7-19.
Besio, Kimberly (2007). “A Friendship of Metal and Stone: Representations of Fan
Juqing and Zhang Yuanbo in the Ming Dynasty.” Nan Nü 9.1: 111-45.
Besio, Kimberly (2011). “Women, Authentic Sentiment, Print Culture and the Theme of
‘Inscribing a Poem on a Red Leaf’ in Ming and Qing Literature and Art.” Ars Orientalis
41: 102-33.
3
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Beurdeley, Michel, ed. (1969). Chinese Erotic Art. Tr. Diana Imber. Secaucus, N.J.:
Chartwell.
Birdwhistell, Joanne D. (2007). Mencius and Masculinities: Dynamics of Power,
Morality, and Maternal Thinking. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture.
Albany.
Birge, Bettine (1989). “Chu Hsi and Women’s Education.” Neo-Confucian Education:
The Formative Stage. Ed. Wm. Theodore de Bary and John W. Chaffee. Studies on
China 9. Berkeley: University of California Press. 325-67.
Birge, Bettine (1995). “Levirate Marriage and the Revival of Widow Chastity in Yüan
China.” Asia Major (third series) 8.2: 107-46.
Birge, Bettine (2002). Women, Property and Confucian Reaction in Sung and Yüan
China. Cambridge Studies in Chinese History, Literature and Institutions.
Birge, Bettine (2003). “Women and Confucianism from Song to Ming: The
Institutionalization of Patrilineality.” The Song-Yuan-Ming Transition in Chinese
History. Ed. Paul Jakov Smith and Richard von Glahn. Harvard East Asian Monographs
221. Cambridge, Mass. 212-40.
Birrell, Anne M. (1985). “The Dusty Mirror: Courtly Portraits of Woman in Southern
Dynasties Love Poetry.” In Hegel and Hessney (1985), 33-69.
Birrell, Anne [M.] (1995). “In the Voice of Women: Chinese Love Poetry in the Early
Middle Ages.” Women, the Book, and the Godly: Selected Proceedings of the St. Hilda’s
Conference, 1993. Ed. Lesley Smith and Jane H.M. Taylor. Woodbridge, U.K., and
Rochester, N.Y.: D.S. Brewer. II, 49-59.
Birrell, Anne [M.] (2002). “Gendered Power: A Discourse on Female-Gendered Myth in
the Classic of Mountains and Seas.” Sino-Platonic Papers 120.
Birrell, Anne [M.] (2004). Games Poets Play: Readings in Medieval Chinese Poetry.
Cambridge: McGuiness China Monographs.
Bischoff, Friedrich A. (2002). “Sex Tricks of Chinese Fox-Fiends.” In Walravens
(2002), II, 1-6.
Bisetto, Barbara (2005). “La tradizione biografica femminile in epoca Ming: Il caso di
Tang Guimei.” In Scarpari and Lippiello (2005). 133-44.
Bisetto, Barbara (2006). “Perceiving Death: The Representation of Suicide in Ming
Vernacular Literature.” In Santangelo and Middendorf, eds. (2006), 151-63.
Bisetto, Barbara (2010). “Memorie di mondi amorosi: Raccolta letteraria ed
4
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
enciclopedismo nel Qingshi leilüe.” La Cina e il Mondo: Atti dell’XI Convegno
dell’Associazione Italiana Studi Cinesi. Ed. Paolo De Troia. Roma: Edizione Nuova
Cultura. 519-30.
Bisetto, Barbara (2011), “Emotions and Narrative: Depictions of Love in the Yuan
Novella Jiao Hong ji and Its Abridged Version in the Ming Anthology Qingshi leilüe.”
Ming Qing Studies: 545-69.
Bisetto, Barbara (2012a). “The Composition of Qing shi (The History of Love) in Late
Ming Book Culture.” Asiatische Studien 66.4: 915-42.
Bisetto, Barbara (2012b). “Fragments of qing 情: The Qingshi leilüe 情史類略 and the
Literary Categorization of ‘Love’ in 17th Century China.” In Tamburello (2012). [Not
seen.]
Bisetto, Barbara (2012c). “Sull’utilita e il danno del suicidio femminile in epoca Ming:
Morale e intrattenimento nella novellistica huaben.” In Stafutti and Sabattini (2012), 93119.
Bisetto, Barbara (2016). “Becoming a Couple: Conversations and Couple Narrative in
the Novella Jiao Hong ji.” Linking Ancient and Contemporary: Continuities and
Discontinuities in Chinese Literature. Ed. Tiziana Lippiello et al. Sinica venetiana 3.
Venice: Ca’ Foscari. 93-106. [Jiao Hong ji is 嬌紅記.]
Black, Alison H. (1986). “Gender and Cosmology in Chinese Correlative Thinking.”
Gender and Religion: On the Complexity of Symbols. Ed. Caroline Walker Bynum et al.
Boston: Beacon. 166-95.
Blake, C. Fred (1978). “Death and Abuse in Marriage Laments: The Curse of Chinese
Brides.” Asian Folklore Studies 37:13-33.
Blake, C. Fred (1994). “Footbinding in Neo-Confucian China and the Appropriation of
Female Labor.” Signs 19.3: 676-712.
Blanchard, Lara C.W. (2007). “A Scholar in the Company of Female Entertainers:
Changing Notions of Integrity in Song to Ming Dynasty Painting.” Nan Nü 9.2: 189-246.
Bokenkamp, Stephen R. (1998). “A Medieval Feminist Critique of the Chinese World
Order: The Case of Wu Zhao (r. 690-705).” Religion 28.4: 383-92.
Boltz, Judith Magee (1986). “In Homage to T’ien-fei.” Journal of the American
Oriental Society 106.1: 211-32.
Boltz, Judith [Magee] (2009). “On the Legacy of Zigu and a Manual on Spirit-Writing in
Her Name.” The People and the Dao: New Studies in Chinese Religions in Honour of
Daniel L. Overmyer. Ed. Philip Clart and Paul Crowe. Monumenta Serica Monograph
5
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Series 60. Sankt Augustin. 349-88.
Boretti, Valentina (2004). “The Quasi-Genderless Heresy: The Dhutaists and Master
Jizhao.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 67.3: 349-68.
Bossler, Beverly (1997). “Women’s Literacy in Song China: Preliminary Inquiries.”
Qingzhu Deng Guangming jiaoshou jiushi huadan lunwenji 慶祝鄧廣銘敎授九十華誕
論文集. Shijiazhuang: Hebei jiaoyu. 322-52.
Bossler, Beverly (1998). Powerful Relations: Kinship, Status, and the State in Sung
China (960-1279). Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 43. Cambridge, Mass.
Bossler, Beverly (2000). “‘A Daughter Is a Daughter All Her Life’: Affinal Relations
and Women’s Networks in Song and Late Imperial China.” Late Imperial China 21.1:
77-106.
Bossler, Beverly (2002). “Shifting Identities: Courtesans and Literati in Song China.”
Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 62.1: 5-39.
Bossler, Beverly (2004). “Gender and Empire: A View from Yuan China.” Journal of
Medieval and Early Modern Studies 34.1: 197-223.
Bossler, Beverly (2008). “Gender and Entertainment at the Song Court.” In Walthall
(2008), 261-79.
Bossler, Beverly (2011). “Fantasies of Fidelity: Loyal Courtesans to Faithful Wives.” In
Judge and Hu (2011), 158-74.
Bossler, Beverly (2013). Courtesans, Concubines, and the Cult of Female Fidelity.
Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 83. Cambridge, Mass.
Bossler, Beverly (2014). “Men, Women, and Gossip in Song China.” Idle Talk: Gossip
and Anecdote in Traditional China. Ed. Jack W. Chen and David Schaberg. New
Perspectives on Chinese Culture and Society 5. Berkeley: University of California Press.
154-77.
Bossler, Beverly, ed. (2015). Gender and Chinese History: Transformative Encounters.
Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
Bottéro, Françoise (2013). “Les graphies énigmatiques de l’impératrice Wǔ Zétiān 武則
天.” Etudes chinoises 32.2. [Not seen.]
Brandauer, Frederick (1977). “Women in the Ching-hua Yuan: Emancipation toward a
Confucian Ideal.” Journal of Asian Studies 36.1: 647-60.
Bray, Francesca (1995a). “A Deathly Disorder: Understanding Women’s Health in Late
6
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Imperial China.” Knowledge and the Scholarly Medical Traditions. Ed. Don Bates.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 235-50.
Bray, Francesca (1995b). “Textile Production and Gender Roles in China, 1000-1700.”
Chinese Science 12: 115-37.
Bray, Francesca (1997). Technology and Gender: Fabrics of Power in Late Imperial
China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bray, Francesca (2005). “The Inner Quarters: Oppression or Freedom?” In Knapp and
Lo (2005), 259-79.
Bray, Francesca (2009). “Becoming a Mother in Late Imperial China: Maternal Doubles
and the Ambiguities of Fertility.” Chinese Kinship: Contemporary Anthropological
Perspectives. Ed. Susanne Brandtstädter and Gonçalo D. Santos. Routledge
Contemporary China Series 33. London and New York. 181-203.
Brown, Miranda (2007). The Politics of Mourning in Early China. SUNY Series in
Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany.
Brown, Miranda, and Rafe de Crespigny (2009). “Adoption in Han China.” Journal of
the Economic and Social History of the Orient 52.2: 229-66.
Brownell, Susan, and Jeffrey N. Wasserstrom, eds. (2002). Chinese Femininities,
Chinese Masculinities: A Reader. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Bumbacher, Stephan Peter (1998). “Abschied von Heim und Herd: Die Frau im
mittelalterlichen Daoismus und Buddhismus.” Asiatische Studien 52.3: 673-94.
Burton-Rose, Daniel (2012). “Gendered Androgyny: Transcendent Ideals and Profane
Realities in Buddhism, Classicism, and Daoism.” In Chiang, ed. (2012), 67-95.
Bussotti, Michela (2004). “La ‘Nouvelle édition des anciennes biographies des femmes
exemplaires’: Notes de lecture sur une édition illustrée du XIXe siècle.” Journal
Asiatique 292.1-2: 223-78.
Bussotti, Michela (2010). “Editions of Biographies of Women as Examples of Printed
Illustrations from the Ming Dynasty.” Chinese Studies 漢學研究 28.2: 169-224.
[Biographies of Women is Lienü zhuan 列女傳.]
Bussotti, Michela (2015). “Images of Women in Late Ming Huizhou-Printed Editions of
the Lienü zhuan.” Nan Nü 17.1: 54-116.
Buxbaum, David C., ed. (1978). Chinese Family Law and Social Change in Historical
and Comparative Perspective. Asian Law Series 3. Seattle: University of Washington.
7
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Cabezón, José Ignacio (1992). Buddhism, Sexuality, and Gender. Albany: SUNY.
Cahill, James (1990). “The Paintings of Liu Yin.” In Weidner, ed. (1990), 103-21.
Cahill, James (1996). “The Three Zhangs, Yangzhou Beauties, and the Manchu Court.”
Orientations (October): 59-68.
Cahill, James (1998). “Where Did the Nymph Hang?” Kaikodo Journal 7: 8-16.
Cahill, James (1999). “The Emperor’s Erotica.” Kaikodo Journal 11: 24-43.
Cahill, James (2006). “Paintings Done for Women in Ming-Qing China?” Nan Nü 8.1:
1-54.
Cahill, James, et al. (2013). Beauty Revealed: Images of Women in Qing Dynasty
Chinese Painting. Berkeley: University of California Press. [Exhibition catalogue.]
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (1985). “Sex and the Supernatural in Medieval China: Cantos on the
Transcendent Who Presides over the River.” Journal of the American Oriental Society
105: 197-220.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (1986). “Performers and Female Taoist Adepts: Hsi Wang Mu as
Patron Deity of Women in T’ang China.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 106:
155-68.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (1990). “Practice Makes Perfect: Paths to Transcendence for
Women in Medieval China.” Taoist Resources 2.2: 23-42.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (1992a). “Sublimation in Medieval China: The Case of the
Mysterious Women of the Nine Heavens.” Journal of Chinese Religions 20: 91-102.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (1992b). “Marriages Made in Heaven.” T’ang Studies 10-11: 11122.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (1993). Transcendence and Divine Passion: The Queen Mother of
the West in Medieval China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (1999). “Smell Good and Get a Job: How Daoist Women Saints
Were Verified and Legitimatized during the Tang Dynasty.” In Mou, ed. (1999), 171-86.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (2000a). “The Goddess, the Emperor, and the Adept: The Queen
Mother of the West as Bestower of Legitimacy and Immortality.” In Benard and Moon
(2000), 197-214.
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (2000b). “Pien Tung-hsüan: A Taoist Woman Saint of the T’ang
Dynasty (618-907).” In Sharma (2000), 205-20.
8
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Cahill, Suzanne [E.] (2002). “Material Culture and the Dao: Textiles, Boats, and Zithers
in the Poetry of Yu Xuanji (844-868).” Daoist Identity: History, Lineage, Ritual. Ed.
Livia Kohn and Harold D. Roth. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 102-26.
Cahill, Suzanne E. (2003). “Discipline and Transformation: Body and Practice in the
Lives of Daoist Holy Women of Tang China.” In Ko et al. (2003), 251-78.
Cai Junsheng (1995). “Myth and Reality: The Projection of Gender Relations in
Prehistoric Times.” In Min (1995), 34-90.
Campany, Robert F. (1993). “The Real Presence.” History of Religions 32.3: 233-72.
[On Guanyin.]
Carletti, S.M., et al., eds. (1996). Studi in onore di Lionello Lanciotti. 3 vols. Instituto
Universitario Orientale, Dipartimento di Studi Asiatici, Series minor 51. Naples.
Carlitz, Katherine (1986). The Rhetoric of Chin P’ing Mei. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press.
Carlitz, Katherine (1991). “The Social Uses of Female Virtue in Late Ming Editions of
Lienü zhuan.” Late Imperial China 12.2: 117-52.
Carlitz, Katherine (1994). “Desire, Danger, and the Body: Stories of Women’s Virtue in
Late Ming China.” In Gilmartin et al. (1994), 101-24.
Carlitz, Katherine (1997a). “Desire and Writing in the Late Ming Play Parrot Island.”
In Widmer and Chang (1997), 101-30.
Carlitz, Katherine (1997b). “Shrines, Governing-Class Identity, and the Cult of Widow
Fidelity in Mid-Ming Jiangnan.” Journal of Asian Studies 56.3: 612-40.
Carlitz, Katherine (2001). “The Daughter, the Singing-Girl, and the Seduction of
Suicide.” Nan Nü 3.1: 22-46.
Carlitz, Katherine (2006). “Weeping, Blushing, and Giving Way to Desire in Ming
Dynasty Fiction and Drama.” In Santangelo and Middendorf, eds. (2006), 229-48.
Carlitz, Katherine (2007). “Meng Chengshun Leaves Passion Behind: Three Plays
(1620-1660).” In Santangelo, ed. (2007), 25-45.
Carlitz, Katherine (2009). “Passion and Chastity: Meng Chengshun and the Fall of the
Ming.” In Van Crevel et al. (2009), 193-210.
Carlitz, Katherine (2011). “Lovers, Talkers, Monsters, and Good Women: Competing
Images in Mid-Ming Epitaphs and Fiction.” In Judge and Hu (2011), 175-92.
9
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Carlitz, Katherine (2013). “Mourning, Personality, Display: Ming Literati Commemorate
Their Mothers, Sisters, and Daughters.” Nan Nü 15.1: 30-68.
Carter, Martha L. (2006). “China and the Mysterious Occident: The Queen Mother of the
West and Nanā.” Rivista degli studi orientali 79: 97-129.
Cass, Victoria B. (1986). “Female Healers in the Ming and the Lodge of Ritual and
Ceremony.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 106.1: 233-40.
Cass, Victoria [B.] (1999). Dangerous Women: Warriors, Grannies, and Geishas of the
Ming. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
Cawthorne, Nigel (2007). Daughter of Heaven: The True Story of the Only Woman to
Become Emperor of China. Oxford: Oneworld.
Chaffee, John W. (1991). “The Marriage of Sung Imperial Clanswomen.” In Watson
and Ebrey (1991), 133-69.
Chamberlayne, John H. (1962). “The Development of Kuan Yin: Chinese Goddess of
Mercy.” Numen 9.1: 45-52.
Chan, Alan (1990). “Goddesses in Chinese Religion.” Goddesses in Religions and
Modern Debate. Ed. Larry W. Hurtado. Atlanta: Scholars. 9-81.
Chan, Alan, and Sor-Hoon Tan, eds. (2004). Filial Piety in Chinese Thought and History.
London: Routledge Curzon.
Chan, Shirley, et al., eds. (2014). Willow Catkins: Festschrift for Dr. Lily Xiao Hong Lee
on the Occasion of Her 75th Birthday. Sydney: Oriental Society of Australia.
Chan, Sin Yee (2000). “Gender and Relationship Roles in the Analects and the
Mencius.” Asian Philosophy 10.2: 115-32.
Chan Sin Yee (2003). “The Confucian Conception of Gender in the Twenty-First
Century.” Confucianism for the Modern World. Ed. Daniel A. Bell and Hahm Chaibong.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 312-33.
Chan, Sin-Yee (2016). “Would Confucianism Allow Two Men to Share a Peach?
Compatibility between Ancient Confucianism and Homosexuality.” In Pang-White, ed.,
(2016), 173-201.
Chan, Timothy Wai Keung (2014). “As the Crickets Stridulate: Texts and Textual
Weaving in the Ballad of Mulan.” In Shirley Chan et al. (2014), 3-37.
Chang Cheng-lang (1986). “A Brief Discussion of Fu Tzu.” Studies of Shang
10
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Archaeology: Selected Papers from the International Conference on Shang Civilization.
Ed. K.C. Chang. New Haven and London: Yale University Press. 103-19.
Chang, Kang-i Sun (1991). The Late Ming Poet Ch’en Tzu-lung: Crises of Love and
Loyalism. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Chang, Kang-i Sun (1994). “Liu Shih and Hsü Ts’an: Feminine or Feminist?” In Yu, ed.
(1994), 169-87.
Chang, Kang-i Sun (1997a). “Ming and Qing Anthologies of Women’s Poetry and Their
Selection Strategies.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 147-70.
Chang, Kang-i Sun (1997b). “Ming-Qing Women Poets and the Notions of ‘Talent’ and
‘Morality.’” Culture and State in Chinese History: Conventions, Accommodations,
Critiques. Ed. Theodore Huters et al. Irvine Studies in the Humanities. Stanford:
Stanford University Press. 236-58.
Chang, Kang-i Sun, and Haun Saussy, eds. (1999). Women Writers of Traditional China:
An Anthology of Poetry and Criticism. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Chao, Shin-yi (2008). “Good Career Moves: Life Stories of Daoist Nuns of the Twelfth
and Thirteenth Centuries.” Nan Nü 10.1: 121-51.
Chen, Ellen Marie (1969). “Nothingness and the Mother Principle in Early Chinese
Taoism.” International Philosophical Quarterly 9.3: 391-405.
Chen, Ellen Marie (1974). “Tao as the Great Mother and the Influence of Motherly Love
in the Shaping of Chinese Philosophy.” History of Religions 14.1: 51-64.
Chen, Fan Pen Li (2007). Chinese Shadow Theatre: History, Popular Religion, and
Women Warriors. Montreal and Ithaca: McGill-Queen’s University Press.
Chen, Gilbert (2016). “A Confucian Iconography of Cao E (Maiden Cao): Narrative
Illustrations of a Female Deity in Late Imperial China.” Nan Nü 18.1: 84-114.
Ch’en Hsiao-lan and F.W. Mote (2002). “Yang Shen and Huang O: Husband and Wife
as Lovers, Poets, and Historical Figures.” Excursions in Chinese Culture: Festschrift in
Honor of William R. Schultz. Ed. Marie Chan et al. Hong Kong: Chinese University
Press. 1-32.
Chen, Hsiu-fen (2011). “Between Passion and Repression: Medical Views of Demon
Dreams, Demonic Fetuses, and Female Sexual Madness in Late Imperial China.” Late
Imperial China 32.1: 51-82.
Chen, Jinhua (2002). “Family Ties and Buddhist Nuns in Tang China: Two Studies.”
Asia Major (third series) 15.2: 51-85.
11
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Chen, Jinhua (2006). “A Daoist Princess and a Buddhist Temple: A New Theory on the
Causes of the Canon-Delivering Mission Originally Proposed by Princess Jinxian (689732) in 730.” Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 69.2: 267-92.
Chen Jo-shui (1994). “Empress Wu and Proto-Feminist Sentiments in T’ang China.”
Imperial Rulership and Cultural Change in Traditional China. Ed. Frederick P.
Brandauer and Chun-chieh Huang. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
77-116.
Chen Ming (2005). “Zhuan nü wei nan 轉女為男 Turning Female to Male: An Indian
Influence on Chinese Gynaecology?” Asian Medicine 1.2: 315-34.
Chen, Sanping (2012). Multicultural China in the Early Middle Ages. Encounters with
Asia. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press. [Contains a chapter on Mulan.]
Chen Yunü (2008). “Buddhism and the Medical Treatment of Women in the Ming
Dynasty: A Research Note.” Nan Nü 10.2: 279-303.
Chen, Yu-shih (1996). “The Historical Template of Pan Chao’s Nü chieh.” T’oung Pao
82: 229-57.
Cheng, Lucie, et al., eds. (1984). Women in China: Bibliography of Available English
Language Materials. Berkeley: Institute of East Asian Studies, University of California.
Cheng, Weikun (2007). “In Search of Leisure: Women’s Festivities in Late Imperial
Beijing.” Chinese Historical Review 14.1: 1-28.
Cheng, Wou-Chan (1963). Érotologie de la Chine: Tradition chinoise de l’érotisme. Tr.
F. Albertini. Bibliothèque Internationale d’Érotologie 11. Paris: Jean-Jacques Pauvert.
Chia, Ning (1999). “Women in China’s Frontier Politics: Heqin.” In Mou, ed. (1999),
39-75.
Chiang, Howard, ed. (2012). Transgender China. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
Chiang, Sing-chen Lydia (2005). Collecting the Self: Body and Identity in Strange Tale
Collections of Late Imperial China. Sinica Leidensia 67. Leiden: Brill.
Chiao, Chien (1971). “Female Chastity in Chinese Culture.” Bulletin of the Institute of
Ethnology 31: 205-12.
Childs-Johnson, Elizabeth (2014). “Fu Zi 婦子, Shang Woman Warrior, Revisited.” In
Shirley Chan et al. (2014), 333-40.
Chin, Tamara (2006). “Orienting Mimesis: Marriage and the Book of Songs.”
12
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Representations 94: 53-79.
Ching, Julia (1994). “Sung Philosophers on Women.” Monumenta Serica 42: 259-74.
Ching Chung, Priscilla (1981a). Palace Women in the Northern Sung, 960-1126. T’oung
Pao: Monographie 12. Leiden: Brill.
Ching Chung, Priscilla (1981b). “Power and Prestige: Palace Women in the Northern
Sung (960-1126).” In Guisso and Johannesen (1981), 99-112.
Ching-Chung, Priscilla (2014). “Women and Power: The Changing Status of Women.”
In Shirley Chan et al. (2014), 181-210.
Chiu, Anderson (1995). “Changing Virtues? The Lienü of the Old and the New History
of the Tang.” East Asia Forum 4: 28-62.
Chiu-Duke, Josephine (1995). “The Role of Confucian Revivalists in the
Confucianization of T’ang Women.” Asia Major (third series) 8.1: 51-93.
Chiu-Duke, Josephine (2006). “Mothers and the Well-Being of the State in Tang China.”
Nan Nü 8.1: 55-114.
Cho Kyo (2012). The Search for the Beautiful Woman: A Cultural History of Japanese
and Chinese Beauty. Tr. Kyoko Selden. Asia/Pacific/Perspectives. Lanham, Md.:
Rowman & Littlefield.
Choo, Jessey J.C. (2012). “That ‘Fatty Lump’: Discourses on the Fetus, Fetal
Development, and Filial Piety in China before the Eleventh Century CE.” Nan Nü: 14.2:
177-221.
Chou, Eric (1971). The Dragon and the Phoenix: The Book of Chinese Love and Sex.
New York: Arbor House.
Chou, Hung-hsiang (1970-71). “Fu-X Ladies of the Shang Dynasty.” Monumenta Serica
29: 346-90.
Choy, Elsie (2000). Leaves of Prayer: The Life and Poetry of He Shuangqing, a
Farmwife in Eighteenth-Century China. 2nd edition. Hong Kong: Chinese University
Press.
Ch’ü, T’ung-tsu (1961). Law and Society in Traditional China. La Haye: Mouton.
Chung Ling (1985). “Li Qingzhao: The Moulding of Her Spirit and Personality.” In
Gerstlacher et al. (1985), 141-64.
Clark, Kelly James, and Robin R. Wang (2004). “A Confucian Defense of Gender
13
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Equity.” Journal of the American Academy of Religion 72.2: 395-422.
Clements, Jonathan (2007). Wu: The Chinese Empress Who Schemed, Seduced and
Murdered Her Way to Become a Living God. Stroud, U.K.: Sutton.
Cole, Alan (1998). Mothers and Sons in Chinese Buddhism. Stanford: Stanford
University Press.
Corradini, Piero (1980). “Il rapporto uomo-donna nella tradizione cinese.” In Lanciotti,
ed. (1980), 45-53.
Crawford, William Bruce (1976). “‘The Oil Vendor and the Courtesan’ and the Ts’ai-tzu
Chia-jen Novels.” In Nienhauser, ed. (1976), 31-42.
de Crespigny, Rafe (1975). “The Harem of Emperor Huan: A Study of Court Politics in
Later Han.” Papers on Far Eastern History 12: 1-42.
van Crevel, Maghiel, et al., eds. (2009). Text, Performance, and Gender in Chinese
Literature and Music: Essays in Honor of Wilt Idema. Sinica Leidensia 92. Leiden and
Boston: Brill.
Cryer, James, tr. (1984). Plum Blossom: Poems of Li Ch’ing-chao. Chapel Hill, N.C.:
Carolina Wren.
Csete, Anne (2001). “The Li Mother Spirit and the Struggle for Hainan’s Land and
Legend.” Late Imperial China 22.2: 91-119.
Cullen, Christopher (1993). “Patients and Healers in China: Evidence from the
Jinpingmei.” History of Science 31: 99-150.
Cutter, Robert Joe (1992). “The Death of Empress Zhen: Fiction and Historiography in
Early Medieval China.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 112: 577-83.
Cutter, Robert Joe (2013). “To Make Her Mine: Women and the Rhetoric of Property in
Early and Early Medieval fu.” Early Medieval China 19: 39-57.
Cutter, Robert Joe, and William Gordon Crowell, trs. (1999). Empresses and Consorts:
Selections from Chen Shou’s Records of the Three States with Pei Songzhi’s Commentary.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Dauber, Dorothee (1999). “Zur Rekonstruktion der Biographie Li Qingzhaos (10841155?).” In Übelhör (1999), 119-34.
Dauncey, Sarah (2003). “Bonding, Benevolence, Barter, and Bribery: Images of Female
Gift Exchange in the Jin ping mei.” Nan Nü 5.2: 203-39.
14
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Dauncey, Sarah (2004). “Illusions of Grandeur: Perceptions of Status and Wealth in
Late-Ming Female Clothing and Ornamentation.” East Asian History 25/26: 43-68.
Dauncey, Sarah (2007). “Sartorial Modesty and Genteel Ideals in the Late Ming.” In
Berg and Starr (2007), 134-54.
David, Adrian (2000). “Fraternity and Fratricide in Late Imperial China.” American
Historical Review 105.5: 1630-40.
Davis, Timothy M. (2015). “Lechery, Substance Abuse, and … Han Yu?” Journal of the
American Oriental Society 135.1: 71-92.
DeLapp, Kevin (2016). “Role Epistemology: Confucian Resources for Feminist
Standpoint Theory.” In Foust and Tan (2016), 127-46.
Deng Xiaonan (1999). “Women in Turfan during the Sixth to Eighth Centuries: A Look
at Their Activities Outside the Home.” Journal of Asian Studies 58.1: 85-103.
Deng Xiaonan 鄧小南 et al., eds. (2003). Tang Song nüxing yu shehui 唐宋女性與社會.
Shanghai: Shanghai cishu.
Despeux, Catherine (1986). “L’ordination des femmes Taoïstes sous les Tang.” Etudes
chinoises 5.1-2: 53-100.
Despeux, Catherine (1990). Immortelles de la Chine ancienne: Taoïsme et alchimie
feminine. Destines de femmes. Paris: Pardès.
Despeux, Catherine (2000). “Women in Daoism.” Daoism Handbook. Ed. Livia Kohn.
Handbuch der Orientalistik IV.14. Leiden: Brill. 384-412.
Despeux, Catherine (2016). “Symbolic Pregnancy and the Sexual Identity of Taoist
Adepts.” In Andreeva and Steavu (2016), 147-85.
Despeux, Catherine, and Livia Kohn (2003). Women in Daoism. Cambridge, Mass.:
Three Pines.
De Troia, Paolo (2007). “Love and Passion in Late Imperial China: The Painted Boats of
Suzhou.” In Santangelo, ed. (2007), 83-92.
Dettenhofer, Maria H. (2009). “Eunuchs, Women, and Imperial Courts.” Rome and
China: Comparative Perspectives on Ancient World Empires. Ed. Walter Scheidel.
Oxford Studies in Early Empires. 83-99.
Dexter, Miriam Robbins, and Victor H. Mair (2005). “Apotropaia and Fecundity in
Eurasian Myth and Iconography: Erotic Female Display Figures.” Proceedings of the
Sixteenth Annual UCLA Indo-European Conference. Journal of Indo-European Studies
15
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Monograph Series 50. Washington, D.C.: Institute for the Study of Man. 97-121.
Dien, Dora Shu-fang (2003). Empress Wu Zetian in Fiction and in History: Female
Defiance in Confucian China. Hauppauge, N.Y.: Nova Science.
Diény, Jean-Pierre (1995). “Portraits de femmes: Le chapitre XIX du Shishuo xinyu.”
Hommage à Kwong Hing Foon: Études d’histoire culturelle de la Chine. Ed. Jean-Pierre
Diény. Bibliothèque de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises 30. Paris. 77-113.
Ding, Naifei (2002). Obscene Things: Sexual Politics in Jin Ping Mei. Durham: Duke
University Press.
Dong, Lorraine (1981). “The Many Faces of Cui Yingying.” In Guisso and Johannesen
(1981), 75-98.
Döpp, Hans-Jürgen (2001). The Erotic Orient. Collection: Temptation. New York:
Parkstone. [Of minimal scholarly value.]
Doran, Rebecca (2013). “‘Altogether Another Flavor of Emotion to Torment a Man’:
Typology and the Expression of Sentiment in Liu Yong’s ci.” T’oung Pao 99.4-5: 30128. [On Liu Yong 柳永 (ca. 987-1050).]
Doran, Rebecca (2015). “The Cat Demon, Gender, and Religious Practice: Towards
Reconstructing a Medieval Chinese Cultural Pattern.” JAOS 135.4: 689-707.
Doran, Rebecca (2017). Transgressive Typologies: Constructions of Gender and Power
in Early Tang China. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 103. Cambridge,
Mass.
Du Fangqin (1995). “The Rise and Fall of the Zhou Rites: A Rational Foundation for the
Gender Relationship Model.” In Min (1995), 169-225.
Du Fangqin and Cai Yiping (2012). “Localizing the Study of Women’s History in
China.” Tr. Michelle LeSourd. Chinese Studies in History 45.4: 7-23.
Du, Fangqiu, and Susan Mann (2003). “Competing Claims on Womanly Virtue in Late
Imperial China.” In Ko et al. (2003), 219-47.
Du Guangting (2006). Divine Traces of the Daoist Sisterhood: “Records of the
Assembled Transcendents of the Fortified Walled City.” Tr. Suzanne E. Cahill.
Magdalena, N.M.: Three Pines.
Du Jinpeng (1995). “The Social Relationships of Men and Women in the Xia-Shang
Era.” In Min (1995), 127-68.
Du, Yan (2007). “The Sexualized Confucianism and the Confucian Sexuality: A Critique
16
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
of Rey Chow’s ‘Mandarin Ducks and Butterflies: An Exercise in Popular Readings.’”
Sexuality and Culture 11.3: 51-61.
Dudbridge, Glen (1983). The Tale of Li Wa: Study and Critical Edition of a Chinese
Story from the Ninth Century. Oxford Oriental Monographs 4.
Dudbridge, Glen (1990.) “The Goddess Hua-Yüeh San-niang and the Cantonese Ballad
Ch’en-hsiang T’ai-tzu.” Chinese Studies 8.1: 627-46.
Dudbridge, Glen (1991). “A Pilgrimage in Seventeenth-Century Fiction: T’ai-shan and
the Hsing-shih yin-yuan chuan.” T’oung Pao 77: 226-52.
Dudbridge, Glen (1992). “Women Pilgrims to T’ai-shan: Some Pages from a
Seventeenth-Century Novel.” In Naquin and Yü (1992), 39-64.
Dudbridge, Glen (1995). “A Second Look at Li Wa chuan.” Translating Chinese
Literature. Ed. Eugene Eoyang and Lin Yao-fu. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana
University Press. 67-76.
Dudbridge, Glen (2004). The Legend of Miaoshan. Revised edition. Oxford: Oxford
University Press.
Dull, Jack L. (1978). “Marriage and Divorce in Han China: A Glimpse at ‘PreConfucian’ Society.” In Buxbaum (1978), 23-74.
Duncan, Taine, and Nicholas S. Brasovan (2016). “Contemporary Ecofeminism and
Confucian Cosmology.” In Foust and Tan (2016), 226-51.
Dunstan, Helen (2007). “If Chen Yun Had Written about Her ‘Lesbianism’: Rereading
the Memoirs of a Bereaved Philanderer.” Asia Major (new series) 20.2: 103-22.
Eber, Irene (1985). “Weakness and Power: Women in Water Margin.” In Gerstlacher et
al. (1985), 3-28.
Ebner von Eschenbach, Silvia Freiin (2004). “Prinzessinnen im Machtpoker zwischen
Religion und Politik: Immobilienbesitz und Klostergründungen vom 7. bis zum 9.
Jahrhundert.” In Kralle and Schilling (2004), 253-84.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1981). “Women in the Kinship System of the Southern Sung
Upper Class.” In Guisso and Johannesen (1981), 113-28.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1990). “Women, Marriage, and the Family in Chinese History.”
The Heritage of China. Ed. Paul S. Ropp. Berkeley: University of California Press.
197-223.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1993a). The Inner Quarters: Marriage and the Lives of Chinese
17
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Women in the Sung Period. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1993b). “Women and Malice in Hung Mai’s I-chien chih.”
Yanagida Setsuko sensei koki kinen Chūgoku no dentō shakai to kazoku. Tokyo.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (1995). “Marriage among the Song Elite.” Chinese Historical
Microdemography. Ed. Stevan Harrell. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Ebrey, Patricia Buckley (2002). Women and the Family in Chinese History. Critical
Asian Scholarship. London and New York: Routledge.
Ebrey, Patricia [Buckley] (2011). “Empress Xiang (1046-1101) and Biographical
Sources beyond Formal Biographies.” In Judge and Hu (2011), 193-211.
Ebrey, Patricia [Buckley] (2012). “Illustrating Chinese Women’s History.” In Ho (2012):
217-59.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (1988-89). “Jia Baoyu and Essential Feminine Purity.” Journal of
the Oriental Society of Australia 20-21: 36-47.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (1990a). “Gender Imperatives in Honglou meng: Baoyu’s
Bisexuality.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 12: 57-69.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (1990b). “Women in Honglou meng: Prescriptions of Purity in the
Femininity of Qing Dynasty China.” Modern China 16.4: 407-29.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (1993a). “Historiography of Lin Siniang: Desirability and Virtue in
Eighteenth-Century China.” New Zealand Journal of Asian Studies 1.2: 63-75.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (1993b). “Representations of Women and Social Power in
Eighteenth-Century China: The Case of Wang Xifeng.” Late Imperial China 14.1: 34-59.
Edwards, Louise P. (1994). Men and Women in Qing China: Gender in The Red
Chamber Dream. Sinica Leidensia. Leiden: Brill.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (1995a). Recreating the Literary Canon: Communist Critiques of
Women in the Red Chamber Dream. Edition Cathay 12. Bochum: Projekt.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (1995b). “Women Warriors and Amazons of the Mid Qing Texts
Jinghua yuan and Honglou meng.” Modern Asian Studies 29.2: 225-55.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (2010). “Transformations of the Woman Warrior Hua Mulan :
From Defender of the Family to Servant of the State.” Nan Nü 12.2: 175-214.
Edwards, Louise [P.] (2012). “Gendered Fictions and Chinese Women’s History.” In Ho
(2012), 307-35.
18
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Edwards, Louise [P.] (2013). “Painting Boundaries of Sex Segregation in Qing China:
Representing the Family in The Red Chamber Dream.” In Silbergeld and Ching (2013),
339-71.
Egan, Ronald (2013). The Burden of Female Talent: The Poet Li Qingzhao and Her
History in China. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 90. Cambridge, Mass.
Eifring, Halvor (2004). “Introduction: Emotions and the Conceptual History of Qíng
情.” In Eifring, ed. (2004), 1-36.
Eifring, Halvor (2004). “The Psychology of Love in The Story of the Stone.” In Eifring,
ed. (2004), 271-324.
Eifring, Halvor, ed. (2004). Love and Emotions in Traditional Chinese Literature.
Sinica Leidensia 63. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Elliott, Mark C. (1999). “Manchu Widows and Ethnicity in Qing China.” Comparative
Studies in Society and History 41.1: 33-71.
Elvin, Mark (1996). Another History: Essays on China from a European Perspective.
University of Sydney East Asian Series 10. Sydney: Wild Peony.
Elvin, Mark (1999). “Blood and Statistics: Reconstructing Population Dynamics of Late
Imperial China from the Biographies of Virtuous Women in Local Gazetteers.” In
Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 135-222.
Elvin, Mark, and Josephine Fox. “Marriages, Births, and Deaths in the Lower Yangzi
Valley during the Later Eighteenth Century.” Windows on the Chinese World:
Reflections by Five Historians. Ed. Clara Wing-chung Ho. Lanham, Md.: Rowman &
Littlefield, Lexington Books. 67-111.
Engler, F.K., tr. (1971). Dschu-lin Yä-schi: Ein historisch-erotischer Roman aus der
Ming-Zeit. Hamburg: Waage.
Engler, F.K., tr. (1980). Der Goldherr besteigt den weissen Tiger: Ein historischerotischer Roman aus der Ming-Zeit. Hamburg: Waage.
Englert, Siegfried (1980). Materialien zur Stellung der Frau und zur Sexualität im
vormodernen und modernen China. Heidelberger Schriften zur Ostasienkunde 1.
Frankfurt: Haag und Herchen.
Englert, Siegfried, and Roderich Ptak (1986). “Nan-tzu, or Why Heaven Did Not Crush
Confucius.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 106.4: 679-86.
Enoki, Kazuo (1980). “Confucian Women in Theory and in Reality.” In Lanciotti, ed.
19
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
(1980), 1-22.
Eoyang, Eugene (1982). “The Wang Chao-chün Legend: Configurations of the Classic.”
Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 4.1: 3-22.
Eoyang, Eugene (1994). “Echo and Shadow: Images of Women in Traditional China.”
Asian Culture Quarterly 22.2: 1-14.
Epstein, Maram (1996). “Engendering Order: Structure, Gender, and Meaning in the
Qing Novel Jinghua yuan.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 18: 105-31.
Epstein, Maram (1999a). “Inscribing the Essentials: Culture and Body in Ming-Qing
Fiction.” Ming Studies 41: 6-36.
Epstein, Maram (1999b). “Reflections of Desire: The Poetics of Gender in Dream of the
Red Chamber.” Nan Nü 1.1: 64-106.
Epstein, Maram (2001). Competing Discourses: Orthodoxy, Authenticity, and
Engendered Meanings in Late Imperial Chinese Fiction. Harvard East Asian
Monographs 197. Cambridge, Mass.
Epstein, Maram (2007). “Making a Case: Characterizing the Filial Son.” In Hegel and
Carlitz (2007), 27-43.
Epstein, Maram (2009). “Writing Emotions: Ritual Innovation as Emotional
Expression.” Nan Nü 11.2: 155-96.
Erkes, Eduard (1931). “Some Remarks on Karlgren’s ‘Fecundity Symbols in Ancient
China.’” Bulletin of the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 3: 63-68.
Erkes, Eduard (1935). “Das Primat des Weibes im alten China.” Sinica 10: 166-76.
Erkes, Eduard (1959). “Die historische Stellung der Pao Se.” Ostasiatische Studien. Ed.
I.L. Kluge. Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, Institut für
Orientforschung: Veröffentlichung 48. Berlin: Akademie. 53-56.
Espesset, Grégoire (2016). “Prenatal Infancy Regained: Great Peace (taiping) Views on
Procreation and Life Cycles.” In Andreeva and Steavu (2016), 53-86.
Ess, Charles (2007). “‘Das Christentum gab dem Eros Gift zu trinken …’: Can
Confucian Thought Provide an Antidote?” In Möller and Wohlfahrt (2007), 165-82.
van Ess, Hans (2001). “Vermischte Angelegenheiten, Geheime Abteilung Acht.” In
Schilling and Kralle (2001), 135-63.
van Ess, Hans (2006). “Praise and Slander: The Evocation of Empress Lü in the Shiji and
20
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
the Hanshu.” Nan Nü 8.2: 221-54.
van Ess, Hans (2010). “Cheng Yi and His Ideas about Women as Revealed in His
Commentary to the Yijing.” Oriens Extremus 49: 63-77.
Farmer, J. Michael (2004). “On the Composition of Zhang Hua’s ‘Nüshi zhen.’” Early
Medieval China 10-11.1: 151-75.
Farmer, J. Michael (2014). “Chastity, Suicide, Art and History: Changing Conceptions
of Female Remarriage in Early Medieval Shu.” In Shirley Chan et al. (2014), 43-75.
Faure, Bernard (1998). The Red Thread: Buddhist Approaches to Sexuality. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
Faure, Bernard (2003). The Power of Denial: Buddhism, Purity, and Gender. Princeton:
Princeton University Press.
Faure, David (2005). “Between House and Home: The Family in South China.” In
Knapp and Lo (2005), 281-93.
Filip, Sonja, and Alexandra Hilgner, eds. (2014). The Lady with the Phoenix Crown:
Tang-Period Grave Goods of the Noblewoman Li Chui (711-736). Regensburg and
Mainz, Germany: Schnell + Steiner. [Not seen.]
Fisac, Taciana (1996). “Chinese Women Represented: On Gender and Literature in a
Male Dominant Culture.” In Carletti et al. (1996), II, 579-99.
Fitzgerald, C.P. (1955). The Empress Wu. Melbourne: F.W. Cheshire.
Flitsch, Mareile (1999). “Vor dem ‘Auge der Schwiegermutter’: Zur materiellen
Alltagskultur der Frauen im ländlichen Nord- und Nordost-China.” In Übelhör (1999),
182-209.
Fong, Grace S. (1994). “Engendering the Lyric: Her Image and Voice in Song.” In Yu,
ed. (1994), 107-44.
Fong, Grace S. (1997). “De/Constructing a Feminine Ideal in the Eighteenth Century:
Random Records of West-Green and the Story of Shuangqing.” In Widmer and Chang
(1997), 264-81.
Fong, Grace S. (2001). “Signifying Bodies: The Cultural Significance of Suicide
Writings by Women in Ming-Qing China.” Nan Nü 3.1: 105-42.
Fong, Grace S. (2004). “Gender and the Failure of Canonization: Anthologizing
Women’s Poetry in the Late Ming.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 26:
129-49.
21
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Fong, Grace S. (2006). “A Feminine Condition? Women’s Poetry on Illness in Late
Imperial China.” In Santangelo and Middendorf, eds. (2006), 131-50.
Fong, Grace S. (2007). “Recluse of the Inner Chambers: The Poet Jixian (1614-1683).”
Early Modern Woman 2: 27-39.
Fong, Grace S. (2008a). Herself an Author: Gender, Agency, and Writing in Late
Imperial China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Fong, Grace S. (2008b). “Private Emotion, Public Commemoration: Qian Shoupu’s
Poems of Mourning.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 30: 19-30.
Fong, Grace S. (2010). “Writing and Illness: A Feminine Condition in Women’s Poetry
of the Ming and Qing.” In Fong and Widmer (2010), 19-47.
Fong, Grace S. (2012). “Auto/biographical Subjects: Ming-Qing Women’s Poetry
Collections as Sources for Women’s Life Histories.” In Ho (2012), 369-410.
Fong, Grace S., and Ellen Widmer, eds. (2010). The Inner Quarters and Beyond: Women
Writers from Ming through Qing. Women and Gender in China Studies 4. Leiden and
Boston: Brill.
Ford, Carolyn (2002-03). “Note on a Portrait of Li Jilan (d. 784).” T’ang Studies 20-21:
151-58.
Ford, Carolyn (2007). “The Afterlife of a Lost Book—Du ji (The Record of Jealous
Women) Fifth Century [sic].” In Berg, ed. (2007), 170-99.
Forte, Antonino (2005). Political Propaganda and Ideology in China at the End of the
Seventh Century: Inquiry into the Nature, Authors and Function of the Dunhuang
Document S.6502, Followed by an Annotated Translation. 2nd edition. Italian School of
East Asian Studies Monographs 1. Kyoto. [On prophecies relating to Empress Wu.]
Foust, Mathew A., and Sor-hoon Tan, eds. (2016). Feminist Encounters with Confucius.
Modern Chinese Philosophy 12. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Fracasso, Riccardo (1988). “Holy Mothers of Ancient China: A New Approach to the
Hsi-wang-mu Problem.” T’oung Pao 74: 1-46.
Francis, Sing-chen Lydia (2002). “Body and Identity in Liaozhai zhiyi.” Nan Nü 4.2:
207-31.
Franke, Herbert (1980). “Women under the Dynasties of Conquest.” In Lanciotti, ed.
(1980), 23-43.
22
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Franke, Herbert (1984). “Chinesische erotische Literatur.” Ostasiatische Literaturen.
Ed. Günther Debon. Neues Handbuch der Literaturwissenschaft 23. Wiesbaden: AULA.
98-106.
Frankel, Hans H. (1983). “Cai Yan and the Poems Attributed to Her.” Chinese
Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews: 133-56.
Franzblau, Abraham N., ed. (1977). Erotic Art of China: A Unique Collection of Chinese
Prints and Poems Devoted to the Art of Love. New York: Crown.
Freedman, Maurice (1979). The Study of Chinese Society. Ed. G. William Skinner.
Stanford.
Fricker, Ute (1988). Schein und Wirklichkeit: Zur altchinesischen Frauenideologie aus
männlicher und weiblicher Sicht im geschichtlichen Wandel. MOAG Mitteilungen der
Gesellschaft für Natur- und Völkerkunde Ostasiens 112. Hamburg.
Friedrich, Michael, et al., eds. (2006). Han-Zeit: Festschrift für Hans Stumpfeldt aus
Anlaß seines 65. Geburtstages. Lun Wen: Studien zur Geistesgeschichte und Literatur in
China 8. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Fu, Shen C.Y. (1990). “Princess Sengge Ragi: Collector of Painting and Calligraphy.”
Tr. Marsha Weidner. In Weidner, ed. (1990), 55-80.
Fung, Andy Shui-lung, and Zhan Hang-Lun (2011). “Chinese Humour as Reflected in
Love-Theme Comedies of the Yuan Dynasty.” Humour in Chinese Life and Letters:
Classical and Traditional Approaches. Ed. Jocelyn Chey and Jessica Milner Davis.
Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. 117-37.
Furth, Charlotte (1986). “Blood, Body, and Gender: Medical Images of the Female
Condition in China.” Chinese Science 7: 53-65. Reprinted (without acknowledgement)
in Brownell and Wasserstrom (2002), 291-314.
Furth, Charlotte (1987). “Concepts of Pregnancy, Childbirth, and Infancy in Ch’ing
Dynasty China.” Journal of Asian Studies 46: 7-35.
Furth, Charlotte (1988). “Androgynous Males and Deficient Females: Biology and
Gender Boundaries in 16th- and 17th-Century China.” Late Imperial China 9: 1-31.
Furth, Charlotte (1994). “Rethinking Van Gulik: Sexuality and Reproduction in
Traditional Chinese Medicine.” In Gilmartin et al. (1994), 125-46.
Furth, Charlotte (1995). “From Birth to Birth: The Growing Body in Chinese Medicine.”
In Kinney (1995), 157-91.
Furth, Charlotte (1999). A Flourishing Yin: Gender in China’s Medical History, 960-
23
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
1665. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Furth, Charlotte (2002). “Solitude, Silence and Concealment: Boundaries of the Social
Body in Ming Dynasty China.” Chinese Concepts of Privacy. Ed. Bonnie S. McDougall
and Anders Hansson. Sinica Leidensia 55. Leiden: Brill. 27-53.
Furth, Charlotte (2005a). “Rethinking Van Gulik Again.” Nan Nü 7.1: 71-78.
Furth, Charlotte (2005b). “Bibliography of Secondary Sources on Medicine and Gender:
Early Imperial China.” Nan Nü 7.2: 309-16. Reprinted in Leung (2006).
Fusek, Lois (1972-73). “The ‘Kao-t’ang fu’ 高唐賦.” Monumenta Serica 30: 392-425.
Gao, Bingqing (2010). “A Brief Discussion on the Themes of Women’s Embroidery
in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.” Asian Culture and History 2.2: 71-81.
Gao Shiyu (1995). “A Fixed State of Affairs and Mis-Positioned Status: Gender
Relations during the Sui, Tang and Five Dynasties.” In Min (1995), 270-314.
Garrett, Mary M. (2002). “Women and the Rhetorical Tradition in Premodern China: A
Preliminary Sketch.” Chinese Communication Studies: Contexts and Comparisons. Ed.
Xing Lu et al. Advances in Communication and Culture. Westport, Conn., and London:
Ablex. 87-100.
Gassmann, Robert H. (2004). “What’s in a Name? Frau und Status im antiken China:
Eine Spurensuche.” In Kralle and Schilling (2004), 1-45.
Gates, Hill (1989). “The Commoditization of Chinese Women.” Signs 14.4: 799-832.
Geaney, Jane (2007). “The Gendered Feature of Parental Love in Early Confucian
Philosophy.” In Möller and Wohlfahrt (2007), 99-113.
Georgieva, Valentina (2014). “‘Crossing over’ to Immortality in the Daoist Ritual
Regulations of Highest Purity.” East Asian History 38: 1-24. [On Shangqing huangshu
guodu yi 上清黃書過度儀.]
Gerritsen, Anne T. (1999). “Women in the Life and Thought of Ch’en Ch’üeh: The
Perspective of the Seventeenth Century.” In Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 223-57.
Gerritsen, Anne [T.] (2007). “Friendship through Fourteenth-Century Fissures: Dai
Liang, Wu Sidao and Ding Henian.” Nan Nü 9.1: 34-69.
Gerstlacher, Anna, et al., eds. (1985). Woman and Literature in China. Chinathemen 25.
Bochum: N. Brockmeyer.
Gilmartin, Christina K., et al., eds. (1994). Engendering China: Women, Culture, and the
24
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
State. Harvard Contemporary China Series 10. Cambridge, Mass.
Gimm, Martin (2005). Hans Conon von der Gabelentz und die Übersetzung des
chinesischen Romans Jin Ping Mei. Sinologia Colonensia 24. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Gimm, Martin, tr. (2001). Das schöne Mädchen Yingying: Erotische Novellen aus China.
Zurich: Manesse.
Gipoulon, Catherine (1997). “L’image de l’épouse dans le Lienüzhuan.” En suivant la
Voie Royale: Mélanges offerts en hommage à Léon Vandermeersch. Ed. Jacques Gernet
and Marc Kalinowski. Études thématiques 7. Paris: École Française d’Extrême-Orient.
97-111.
Giskin, Howard, and Bettye S. Walsh, eds. (2001). An Introduction to Chinese Culture
through the Family. SUNY Series in Asian Studies Development. Albany.
Goldberg, Stephen J. (1998). “Figures of Identity: Topoi and the Gendered Subject in
Chinese Art.” Self as Image in Asian Theory and Practice. Ed. Roger T. Ames et al.
Albany: State University of New York Press. 33-58.
Goldfuss, Gabriele (1999). “Weibliche Frömmigkeit jenseits der Klostermauern im
China der späten Kaiserzeit: Die ‘Biographien von Laienbuddhistinnen’ (Shannüren
zhuan) des Peng Shaosheng (1740-1796)—Hintergründe und Bewertung.” In Übelhör
(1999), 156-81.
Goldin, Paul R[akita] (2001). “The Motif of the Woman in the Doorway and Related
Imagery in Traditional Chinese Funerary Art.” Journal of the American Oriental Society
121.4: 539-48.
Goldin, Paul Rakita (2002). The Culture of Sex in Ancient China. Honolulu: University
of Hawaii Press.
Goldin, Paul R[akita] (2005). After Confucius: Studies in Early Chinese Philosophy.
Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Goldin, Paul R[akita] (2006). “The Cultural and Religious Background of Sexual
Vampirism in Ancient China.” Theology and Sexuality 12.3: 287-310.
Goldin, Paul R[akita] (2011). Confucianism. Ancient Philosophies 9. Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press; Durham, U.K.: Acumen. [Contains an appendix
on “Manhood in the Analects.”]
Goldin, Paul R[akita] (2016). “Women and Moral Dilemmas in Early Chinese
Narrative.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 25-35.
Goldman, Andrea S. (2001). “The Nun Who Wouldn’t Be: Representations of Female
25
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Desire in Two Performance Genres of ‘Si Fan.’” Late Imperial China 22.1: 71-183.
Goodman, Bryna, and Wendy Larson, eds. (2005). Gender in Motion: Divisions of Labor
and Cultural Change in Late Imperial and Modern China. Asia/Pacific/Perspectives.
Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
Goodrich, Chauncey S. (1964-66). “Two Chapters in the Life of an Empress of the Later
Han.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 25 (1964-65): 165-77; 26 (1966): 187-210.
Goossaert, Vincent (2008). “Irrepressible Female Piety: Late Imperial Bans on Women
Visiting Temples.” Nan Nü 10.2: 212-41.
Goossaert, Vincent (2013). “La sexualité dans les livres de morale chinois.” Normes
religieuses et genre: Mutations, résistances et reconfigurations XIXe-XXIe siècle. Ed.
Florence Rochefort and Maria Eleonora Sanna. Recherches. Paris: Armand Colin. 3746.
Granet, Marcel (1912). “Coutumes matrimoniales de la Chine antique.” T’oung Pao 13:
516-58.
Granet, Marcel (1919). Fêtes et chansons anciennes de la Chine. Bibliothèque de
l’Ecole des hautes études, Sciences religieuses 34; Bibliothèque de la Fondation Thiers
39. Paris: E. Leroux.
Granet, Marcel (1920). La polygynie sororale et le sororat dans la Chine féodale. Paris:
E. Leroux.
Granet, Marcel (1925). “Remarques sur le Taoïsme Ancien.” Asia Major (first series)
2.1: 146-51.
Granet, Marcel (1929). La civilisation chinoise: La vie publique et la vie privée.
Bibliothèque de “L’Évolution de l’Humanité.” Paris: Albin Michel.
Granet, Marcel (1994). Danses et légendes de la Chine ancienne. Ed. Rémi Mathieu.
3rd edition. 2 volumes. Orientales. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France.
Grant, Beata (1989). “The Spiritual Saga of Woman Huang: From Pollution to
Purification.” Ritual Opera, Operatic Ritual: “Mu-lien Rescues His Mother” in Chinese
Popular Culture. Ed. David Johnson. Publications of the Chinese Popular Culture
Project 1. Berkeley, Calif. 224-311.
Grant, Beata (1994). “Who Is This I? Who Is That Other? The Poetry of an EighteenthCentury Buddhist Laywoman.” Late Imperial China 15: 47-86.
Grant, Beata (1995). “Patterns of Female Religious Experience in Qing-Dynasty Popular
Literature.” Journal of Chinese Religions 23: 29-58.
26
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Grant, Beata (1996). “Female Holder of the Lineage: Linji Chan Master Zhiyuan
Xinggang.” Late Imperial China 17.2: 51-76.
Grant, Beata (1999a). “Little Vimalakirti: Buddhism and Poetry in the Writings of
Chiang Chu (1764-1804).” In Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 286-307.
Grant, Beata (1999b). “The Red Cord Untied: Buddhist Nuns in Eighteenth-Century
China.” Buddhist Women across Cultures: Realizations. Ed. Karma Lekshe Tsomo.
SUNY Series: Feminist Philosophy. Albany. 91-104.
Grant, Beata (2001). “Through the Empty Gate: The Poetry of Buddhist Nuns in Late
Imperial China.” Cultural Intersections in Later Chinese Buddhism. Ed. Marsha
Weidner. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press. 87-113.
Grant, Beata (2008a). “Da Zhangfu: The Gendered Rhetoric of Heroism and Equality in
Seventeenth-Century Chan Buddhist Discourse Records.” Nan Nü 10.2: 177-211.
Grant, Beata (2008b). Eminent Nuns: Women Chan Masters of Seventeenth-Century
China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Grant, Beata (2008c). “Women, Gender and Religion in Premodern China: A Brief
Introduction.” Nan Nü 10.1: 2-21.
Grant, Beata (2008d). “Women, Gender, and Religion in Premodern China: A Selected
Bibliography of Secondary Sources in Chinese and Western Languages.” Nan Nü 10.1:
152-75.
Grant, Beata (2009). “The Poetess and the Precept Master: A Selection of Daoist Poems
by Gu Taiqing.” In Van Crevel et al. (2009), 325-39.
Grant, Beata (2010). “Chan Friends: Poetic Exchanges between Gentry Women and
Buddhist Nuns in Seventeenth-Century China.” In Fong and Widmer (2010), 215-48.
Grant, Beata (2012). “Gender.” The Wiley-Blackwell Companion to Chinese Religions.
Ed. Randall L. Nadeau. Wiley-Blackwell Companions to Religion. Chichester, U.K.
397-417.
Grant, Beata (2014). “Writing Oneself into the Tradition: The Autobiographical Sermon
of Chan Master Jizong Xingche (b. 1606).” In Jia et al. (2014), 47-69.
Grant, Beata (2015). “Women and Gender in the Discourse Records of SeventeenthCentury Sichuanese Chan Masters Poshan Haiming and Tiebi Huiji.” Chinese Historical
Review 22.1: 52-71.
Grant, Beata, tr. (2003). Daughters of Emptiness: Poems of Chinese Buddhist Nuns.
27
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Somerville, Mass.: Wisdom.
Grant, Beata, and Wilt L. Idema, trs. (2011). Escape from Blood Pond Hell: The Tales of
Mulian and Woman Huang. Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Grant, Joanna (2003). A Chinese Physician: Wang Ji and the “Stone Mountain Medical
Case Histories.” Needham Research Institute Series 4. London and New York:
Routledge Curzon.
Graziani, Romain, and Rainier Lanselle, eds. (2012). Père institué, père questionné.
Extrême-Orient, Extrême-Occident (hors-série).
Gregory, Peter N., and Daniel A. Getz, Jr., eds. (1999). Buddhism in the Sung. Studies
in East Asian Buddhism 13. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Greenhalgh, Susan (1977). “Bound Feet, Hobbled Lives: Women in Old China.”
Frontiers: A Journal of Women Studies 2.1: 7-21.
Greiner, Peter (1979-80). “Die Frauen am Kaiserhof der Ming-Zeit.” Monumenta Serica
34: 1-63.
Guarde-Paz, César (2014). “La posición de la mujer en la historia intelectual china:
Visiones retrospectivas para el valor de la ética confuciana en el discurso feminista
chino.” Revista Internacional de Humanidades 3.2: 35-44.
Guarde-Paz, César (2016). “Moral Dilemmas in Chinese Philosophy: A Case Study of
the Lienü zhuan.” Dao 15.1: 81-101.
Guida, Donatella (2005). “Donne del Sud-Est Asiatico: Figure femminili nella
storiografia e nella letteratura della Cina tardo-imperiale.” In Scarpari and Lippiello
(2005). [Not seen.]
Guida, Donatella (2006). “The Country of Women as a Metaphor for Disorder: Some
Reflections on Three Chinese Novels.” A Passion for China: Essays in Honour of Paolo
Santangelo, for His 60th Birthday. Ed. Chiu Ling-yeong, with Donatella Guida. Leiden:
Brill. 156-69.
Guida, Donatella (2012). “Figure femminili come strumento di legittimazione: La
biografia dell’imperatrice Ma nella Storia dei Ming.” In Stafutti and Sabattini (2012),
71-91.
Guida, Donatella (2014). “L’altra metà del Cielo: Virtù femminili e capacità maschili
nella biografia dell’imperatrice Zhangsun 長孫 (601-636), modello di riferimento
dell’imperatrice Ma 馬 della dinastia Ming 明.” Il liuto e i libri: Studi in onore di Mario
Sabattini. Ed. Magda Abbiati and Federico Greselin. Studia venetiana 1. Venice: Ca’
Foscari. 443-54.
28
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Guisso, R[ichard] W.L. (1978). Wu Tse-t’ien and the Politics of Legitimation in T’ang
China. Program in East Asian Studies Occasional Papers 11. Bellingham: Western
Washington University.
Guisso, Richard W. [L.] (1981). “Thunder over the Lake: The Five Classics and the
Perception of Woman in Early China.” In Guisso and Johannesen (1981), 47-61.
Guisso, R.W.L., and Lenny Hu, trs. (2011). Of Woman by Woman: Two Erotic Novellas
from Ming China. Asian Thought and Culture. Bern: Peter Lang. [Translations of
Ruyijun zhuan 如意君傳 and Chi pozi zhuan 癡婆子傳.]
Guisso, Richard W. [L.], and Stanley Johannesen, eds. (1981). Women in China: Current
Directions in Historical Scholarship. Historical Reflections: Directions 3. Youngstown,
N.Y.: Philo.
van Gulik, R.H. (2003). Sexual Life in Ancient China: A Preliminary Survey of Chinese
Sex and Society from ca. 1500 B.C. till 1644 A.D. Ed. Paul R. Goldin. Sinica Leidensia
57. Leiden: Brill.
van Gulik, R.H. (2004). Erotic Colour Prints of the Ming Period, with an Essay on
Chinese Sex Life from the Han to the Ch’ing Dynasty, B.C. 206-A.D. 1644. 3 vols. in 2.
Sinica Leidensia 62. Leiden: Brill.
Gumbrecht, Cordula (2002). “Die Physiognomie von vier Kaiserinnen im China der
Späten Han-Zeit (25-220).” Monumenta Serica 50: 171-214.
Guo, Jie (2010). “Robert Hans van Gulik Reading Late Ming Erotica.” Chinese Studies
漢學研究 28.2: 225-65.
Guo, Qitao (2015). “Engendering the Mercantile Lineage: The Rise of the Female
Chastity Cult in Late Ming Huizhou.” Nan Nü 17.1: 9-53.
Guo Yingde and Xiaoqiao Ling (2014). “Fresh Faces for Those Full of Emotions: Zhu
Suchen’s Qinlou yue.” Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture 1: 65-89. [On Qinlou
yue 秦樓月, by Zhu Suchen 朱素臣 (d. after 1701).]
Hall, David L., and Roger T. Ames (2000). “Sexism, with Chinese Characteristics.” In
Chenyang Li, ed. (2000), 75-95.
Halperin, Mark (2006). “Domesticity and the Dharma: Portraits of Buddhist Laywomen
in Sung China.” T’oung Pao 92.1-3: 50-100.
Hamill, Sam, tr. (1985). The Lotus Lovers: Poems & Songs [of Zi Ye and Li Qingzhao].
St. Paul, Minn.: Coffee House.
29
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Hamilton, Robyn (1997). “The Pursuit of Fame: Luo Qilan (1755-1813?) and the
Debates about Women and Talent in Eighteenth-Century Jiangnan.” Late Imperial China
18: 39-71.
Hamilton, Robyn (2010). “The Unseen Hand: Contextualizing Luo Qilan and Her
Anthologies.” In Fong and Widmer (2010), 107-40.
Hammond, Charles E. (1995). “The Demonization of the Other: Women and Minorities
as Weretigers.” Journal of Chinese Religions 23: 59-80.
Hanan, Patrick, tr. (1990). The Carnal Prayer Mat. London: Arrow.
Hanan, Patrick, tr. (1992). A Tower for the Summer Heat: Stories by the Author of The
Carnal Prayer Mat. New York: Ballantine.
Hanan, Patrick, tr. (2006). Falling in Love: Stories from Ming China. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press.
Handlin, Joanna F. (1975). “Lü K’un’s New Audience: The Influence of Women’s
Learning on Sixteenth-Century Thought.” In Wolf and Witke (1975), 13-38.
Hanson, Marta E. (2005). “Depleted Men, Emotional Women: Gender and Medicine in
the Ming Dynasty.” Nan Nü 7.2: 287-304. Reprinted in Leung (2006), 179-96.
Harbsmeier, Christoph (1995). “Eroticism in Early Chinese Poetry: Sundry Comparative
Notes.” Das andere China: Festschrift für Wolfgang Bauer zum 65. Geburtstag.
Wolfenbütteler Forschungen 62. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 323-80.
Hardie, Alison (2007). “Washing the wutong Tree: Garden Culture as an Expression of
Women’s Gentility in the Late Ming.” In Berg and Starr (2007), 45-57.
Harper, Donald (1987). “The Sexual Arts of Ancient China as Described in a Manuscript
of the Second Century B.C.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 47.2: 539-93.
Harper, Donald (1998). Early Chinese Medical Literature: The Mawangdui Medical
Manuscripts. Sir Henry Wellcome Asian Series 2. London and New York: Kegan Paul
International.
Harper, Donald (2005). “Ancient and Medieval Chinese Recipes for Aphrodisiacs and
Philters.” Asian Medicine 1.1: 91-100.
Harrell, Stevan (1986.) “Men, Women, and Ghosts in Taiwanese Folk Religion.”
Gender and Religion: On the Complexity of Symbols. Ed. Caroline Walker Bynum et al.
Boston: Beacon. 97-116.
Hawkes, David (1959). “Hsi P’ei-lan.” Asia Major (new series) 8: 113-21.
30
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Hawkes, David (1967). “The Quest of the Goddess.” Asia Major (new series) 13: 71-94.
He, Jianjun (2007). “Burning Incense at Night: A Reading of Wu Yueniang in Jin Ping
Mei.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 29: 85-103.
Hegel, Robert E., and Katherine Carlitz, eds. (2007). Writing and Law in Late Imperial
China. Asian Law Series 18. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
Hegel, Robert E., and Richard C. Hessney, eds. (1985). Expressions of Self in Chinese
Literature. New York: Columbia University Press.
Heirman, Ann (2001). “Chinese Nuns and Their Ordination in Fifth-Century China.”
Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 24.2: 275-304.
Heirman, Ann (2008). “Where is the Probationer in Chinese Buddhist Nunneries?”
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft 158.1: 105-37.
Heirman, Ann (2015). “Buddhist Nuns Through the Eyes of Leading Early Tang
Masters.” Chinese Historical Review 22.1: 31-51.
Hendrischke, Barbara (2014). “Prohibition of Infanticide in the Scripture on Great
Peace.” In Shirley Chan et al. (2014), 241-60.
Henry, Eric (1999). “The Social Significance of Nudity in Early China.” Fashion
Theory 3.4: 475-86.
Herr, Ranjoo Seodu (2003). “Is Confucianism Compatible with Care Ethics? A
Critique.” Philosophy East and West 53.4: 471-89.
Herr, Ranjoo Seodu (2012). “Confucian Family for a Feminist Future.” Asian
Philosophy 22.4: 327-46.
Herr, Ranjoo Seodu (2016). “Confucian Mothering: The Origin of Tiger Mothering?” In
Foust and Tan (2016), 40-68.
Hershatter, Gail (1990). “Chinese Sexuality: A Survey of Recent Writings.” Trends in
History 4.4: 43-69.
Hershatter, Gail, et al., eds. (1996). Remapping China: Fissures in Historical Terrain.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hinsch, Bret (1988). “Metaphysics and Reality of the Feminine in Early Neo-Confucian
Thought.” Women’s Studies International Forum 11.6: 591-98.
Hinsch, Bret (1990). Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in
31
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Hinsch, Bret (1995). “Harmony (he) and Gender in Early Chinese Thought.” Journal of
Chinese Philosophy 22.2: 109-28.
Hinsch, Bret (1998). “Women, Kinship, and Property as Seen in a Han Dynasty Will.”
T’oung Pao 84: 1-20.
Hinsch, Bret (2002). “Confucian Filial Piety and the Construction of the Ideal Chinese
Buddhist Woman.” Journal of Chinese Religions 30: 49-75.
Hinsch, Bret (2003a). “The Origin of Separation of the Sexes in China.” Journal of the
American Oriental Society 123.3: 595-616.
Hinsch, Bret (2003b). “Textiles and Female Virtue in Early Imperial Chinese Historical
Writing.” Nan Nü 5.2: 170-202.
Hinsch, Bret (2004a). “Prehistoric Images of Women from the North China Region: The
Origins of Chinese Goddess Worship?” Journal of Chinese Religions 32: 47-82.
Hinsch, Bret (2004b). “The Textual History of Liu Xiang’s Lienüzhuan.” Monumenta
Serica 52: 95-112.
Hinsch, Bret (2005a). “Reading Lienüzhuan (Biographies of Women) through the Life of
Liu Xiang.” Journal of Asian History 39.2: 129-58.
Hinsch, Bret (2005b). “Van Gulik’s Sexual Life in Ancient China and the Matter of
Homosexuality.” Nan Nü 7.1: 79-91.
Hinsch, Bret (2006a). “The Criticism of Powerful Women by Western Han Dynasty
Portent Experts.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 49.1: 96-121.
Hinsch, Bret (2006b). “Cross-Genre Influence on the Fictional Aspects of Lienü
Narratives.” Journal of Oriental Studies 41.1: 41-66.
Hinsch, Bret (2007a). “The Composition of Lienüzhuan: Was Liu Xiang the Author or
Editor?” Asia Major (third series) 20.1: 1-23.
Hinsch, Bret (2007b). “The Emotional Underpinnings of Male Fidelity in Imperial
China.” Journal of Family History 32.4: 392-412.
Hinsch, Bret (2011a). “Male Honor and Female Chastity in China.” Nan Nü 13.2: 169204.
Hinsch, Bret (2011b). Women in Early Imperial China. 2nd edition.
Asia/Pacific/Perspectives. Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
32
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Hinsch, Bret (2013). Masculinities in Chinese History. Asia/Pacific/Perspectives.
Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
Hinsch, Bret (2016). Women in Imperial China. Asian Voices. Lanham, Md.: Rowman
and Littlefield.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung (1994). “Conventionality versus Dissent: Designations of the
Titles of Women’s Collected Works in Qing China.” Ming Qing yanjiu 3: 47-90.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung (1995). “The Cultivation of Female Talent: Views on Women’s
Education during the Early and Late Qing Periods.” Journal of the Economic and Social
History of the Orient 38: 191-223.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung (1999a). “Encouragement from the Opposite Gender: Male
Scholars and Women’s Publications in Ch’ing China, A Bibliographic Study.” In
Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 308-53.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung (1999b). “Toward a Redefinition of the Content of Chinese
Women’s History: Reflections on Eight Recent Bibliographies.” Nan Nu 1.1: 145-59.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung (2012). “An Investigation into the Sources for Women’s History
in the sibu: In Lieu of an Introduction.” In Ho (2012), 1-34.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung (2014). “Collections of Birthday Greetings and Bereavement
Messages Published in Honor of Women in Late Imperial and Republican China.” In
Shirley Chan et al. (2014), 77-98.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung, ed. (1998). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: The
Qing Period, 1644-1911. University of Hong Kong Libraries Publications 10. Armonk,
N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
Ho, Clara Wing-chung, ed. (2012). Overt and Covert Treasures: Essays on the Sources
for Chinese Women’s History. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
Ho Kin-chung (1992). “Le serpent blanc: Figure de la liberté féminine.” Études
chinoises 11.1: 57-86.
Ho, Norman P. (2009). “Law, Literature, and Gender in Tang China: An Exploration of
Bai Juyi’s Selected panwen on Women.” Tsinghua China Law Review 1: 62-91.
Ho, Puay-peng (1999). “Architecture and Legitimacy in the Court of Wu Zhao.” Politics
and Religion in Ancient and Medieval Europe and China. Ed. Frederick Hok-ming
Cheung and Ming-chiu Lai. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. 101-26.
Ho, Puay-peng (2005). “Ancestral Halls: Family, Lineage, and Ritual.” In Knapp and
33
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Lo, 295-323.
Holmgren, Jennifer (1978). “Empress Dowager Ling of the Northern Wei and the T’o-pa
Sinicization Question.” Papers of Far Eastern History 18: 123-70.
Holmgren, Jennifer (1981). “Widow Chastity in the Northern Dynasties: The Lieh-nü
Biographies in the Wei-shu.” Papers on Far Eastern History 23: 165-86.
Holmgren, Jennifer (1981-83). “Women and Political Power in the Traditional T’o-pa
Elite: A Preliminary Study of the Biographies of Empresses in the Wei-shu.” Monumenta
Serica 35: 33-74.
Holmgren, Jennifer (1983). “Wei-shu Records on the Bestowal of Imperial Princesses
during the Northern Wei Dynasty.” Papers on Far Eastern History 27: 21-97.
Holmgren, J[ennifer] (1986). “Myth, Fantasy or Scholarship: Images of the Status of
Women in Traditional China.” Australian Journal of Chinese Affairs 6: 147-70.
Holmgren, Jennifer (1990-91). “A Question of Strength: Miltary Capability and
Princess-Bestowal in Imperial China’s Foreign Relations.” Monumenta Serica 39: 31-85.
Holmgren, Jennifer (1995). Marriage, Kinship and Power in Northern China. Variorum
Collected Studies Series. Aldershot, U.K., and Brookfield, Vt.: Ashgate.
Holmgren, Jennifer (1995-96). “Race and Class in Fifth Century China: The Emperor
Kao-tsu’s Marriage Reform.” Early Medieval China 2: 86-117.
Hong Yue (2012). “Romantic Identity in the Funerary Inscriptions (muzhi) of Tang
China.” Asia Major (third series) 25.1: 33-62.
Hou, Sharon Shih-jiuan (1986). “Women’s Literature.” The Indiana Companion to
Traditional Chinese Literature. Ed. William H. Nienhauser, Jr. Bloomington: Indiana
University Press. 175-94.
Hsieh Bao Hua (2014). Concubinage and Servitude in Late Imperial China. Lanham,
Md.: Lexington.
Hsieh, Daniel (2007). Love and Women in Early Chinese Fiction. Hong Kong: Chinese
University Press.
Hsieh, Ding-hwa E. (1999). “Images of Women in Ch’an Buddhist Literature of the
Sung Period.” In Gregory and Getz (1999), 148-87.
Hsieh, Ding-hwa E. (2000). “Buddhist Nuns in Sung China.” Journal of Sung-Yuan
Studies 30: 63-96.
34
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Hsiung, Ann-Marie (1994). “The Images of Women in Early Chinese Poetry: The Book
of Songs, Han Ballads and Palace Style Verse of the Liang Dynasty.” Chinese Culture
35.4: 81-90.
Hsiung, Ping-chen (1994). “Constructed Emotions: The Bonds between Mothers and
Sons in Late Imperial China.” Late Imperial China 15.1: 87-177.
Hsiung, Ping-chen (2005). A Tender Voyage: Children and Childhood in Late Imperial
China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Hsiung, Ping-chen (2007). “Female Gentility in Transition and Transmission: MotherDaughter Ties in Ming/Qing China.” In Berg and Starr (2007), 97-116.
Hsu Pi-ching (2000). “Courtesans and Scholars in the Writings of Feng Menglong:
Transcending Status and Gender.” Nan Nü 2.1: 40-77.
Hsu, Pi-ching (2006). Beyond Eroticism: A Historian’s Reading of Humor in Feng
Menglong’s Child’s Folly. Lanham, Md.: University Press of America.
Hsu, Pi-ching, and Ann Waltner (1997). “Lingering Fragrance: The Poetry of Tu Yaose
and Shen Tiansun.” Journal of Women’s History 8.4: 28-53.
Hu, Lenny, tr. (2003). In the Inner Quarters: Erotic Stories from Ling Mengchu’s Two
Slaps. Vancouver: Arsenal Pulp. [In collaboration with R.W.L. Guisso.]
Hu P’in-ch’ing (1966). Li Ch’ing-chao. Twayne’s World Authors Series. New York.
Hu, Qiulei (2015). “Mapping Gender and Poetic Role in Early Medieval China.” Early
Medieval China 21: 38-62.
Hu Shih [胡適] (1891-1962) (2013). English Writings of Hu Shih. Vol. 1: Literature and
Society. Ed. Chih-p’ing Chou. China Academic Library. Dordrecht, Netherlands:
Springer. [Contains “A Chinese Declaration on the Rights of Women,” on Li Ruzhen 李
汝珍, and “Woman’s Place in Chinese History.”]
Hu, Siao-chen (2009). “Unorthodox Female Figures in Zhu Suxian’s Linked Rings of
Jade.” In Van Crevel et al. (2009), 311-24.
Hu, Siao-chen (2010). “War, Violence, and the Metaphor of Blood in tanci Narratives by
Women Authors.” In Fong and Widmer (2010), 249-80.
Hu Xiangyu (2013). “Sex, Status, and the Normalization of the Law: Illicit Sex and
Imperial Clansmen in Qing China.” T’oung Pao 99.4-5: 500-38.
Hu Ying (1993). “Angling with Beauty: Women as Narrative Bait in The Romance of the
Three Kingdoms.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 15: 99-112.
35
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Hu Ying (2009). “‘How Can a Daughter Glorify the Family Name?’: Filiality and
Women’s Rights in the Late Qing.” Nan Nü 11.2: 234-69.
Hu-Sterk, Florence (1992). “Les ‘poèmes de lamentation du palais’ sous les Tang: La vie
recluse des dames de la Cour.” Études chinoises 11.2: 7-33.
Hua, Wei (1994). “The Lament of Frustrated Talents: An Analysis of Three Women’s
Plays in Later Imperial China.” Ming Studies 32: 28-42.
Hua, Wei (2006). “How Dangerous Can the Peony Be? Textual Space, Caizi Mudanting,
and Naturalizing the Erotic.” Journal of Asian Studies 65.4: 741-62.
Hua, Wei (2010). “From Private Life to Public Performances: The Constituted Memory
and (Re)writings of the Early-Qing Woman Wu Zongai.” In Fong and Widmer (2010),
141-75.
Huang, I-fen (2012). “Gender, Technical Innovation, and Gu Family Embroidery in
Late-Ming Shanghai.” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 36: 77-129.
Huang, Martin W. (2001). Desire and Fictional Narrative in Late Imperial China.
Harvard East Asia Monographs 202. Cambridge, Mass.
Huang, Martin W. (2006). Negotiating Masculinities in Late Imperial China. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press.
Huang, Martin W. (2007). “Male Friendship and jiangxue (Philosophical Debates) in
Sixteenth-Century China.” Nan Nü 9.1: 146-78.
Huang, Martin W. (2007). “Male Friendship in Ming China: An Introduction.” Nan Nü
9.1: 2-33.
Huang, Martin W. (2013a). “Male-Male Sexual Bonding and Male Friendship in Late
Imperial China.” Journal of the History of Sexuality 22.2 (2013): 312-31.
Huang, Martin W. (2013b). “Negotiating Wifely Virtues: Guilt, Memory and Grieving
Husbands in Seventeenth-Century China.” Nan Nü 15.1: 109-36.
Huang, Martin W., ed. (2007). Male Friendship in Ming China. Leiden: Brill. [Reprint
of Nan Nü 9.1.]
Huang, Tsui-mei (2004). “Gender Differentiation in Jin State Jade Regulations.” In
Linduff and Sun (2004), 137-60.
Huang Yufu (1995). “Peking Opera: A Window on Changes in Chinese Women’s Social
Status (1790-1937).” In Min (1995), 454-78.
36
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Huntington, Rania (2000). “Foxes and Sex in Late Imperial Chinese Narrative.” Nan Nü
2.1: 78-128.
Huntington, Rania (2003). Alien Kind: Foxes and Late Imperial Chinese Narrative.
Harvard East Asian Monographs 222. Cambridge, Mass.
Huntington, Rania (2010). “The View from the Tower of Crossing Sails: Ji Yun’s
Female Informants.” Nan Nü 12.1: 30-64.
Idema, W[ilt] L. (1984). “The Story of Ssu-ma Hsiang-ju and Cho Wen-chün in
Vernacular Literature of the Yüan and Early Ming Dynasties.” T’oung Pao 70: 60-109.
Idema, Wilt L. (1997). “The Pilgrimage to Taishan in the Dramatic Literature of the
Thirteenth and Fourteenth Centuries.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 19:
23-57.
Idema, Wilt [L.] (1999). “Male Fantasies and Female Realities: Chu Shu-chen and
Chang Yü-niang and Their Biographers.” In Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 19-52.
Idema, Wilt L. (2003). “‘What Eyes May Light upon My Sleeping Form?’: Tang
Xianzu’s Transformation of His Sources, with a Translation of ‘Du Liniang Craves Sex
and Returns to Life.’” Asia Major (third series) 16.1: 111-45.
Idema, Wilt L. (2008). Personal Salvation and Filial Piety: Two Precious Scroll
Narratives of Guanyin and Her Acolytes. Classics in East Asian Buddhism. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press.
Idema, Wilt L. (2011). “The Biographical and the Autobiographical in Bo Shaojun’s One
Hundred Poems Lamenting My Husband.” In Judge and Hu (2011), 230-45.
Idema, Wilt L. (2013). “Bo Shaojun and Her One Hundred Poems Lamenting My
Husband.” Nan Nü 15.2: 317-32. [On Bo Shaojun 薄少君 (d. 1626).]
Idema, Wilt L., tr. (2009). Heroines of Jiangyong: Narrative Ballads in Women’s Script.
Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Idema, Wilt L., tr., with an essay by Haiyan Lee (2008). Meng Jiangnü Brings Down the
Great Wall: Ten Versions of a Chinese Legend. Seattle and London: University of
Washington Press.
Idema, Wilt [L.], and Beata Grant. (2004). The Red Brush: Writing Women of Imperial
China. Harvard East Asian Monographs 231.
In Young Chung (1999). “A Buddhist View of Women: A Comparative Study of the
Rules for Bhiksunis and Bhiksus Based on the Chinese Pratimosa.” Journal of Buddhist
37
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Ethics 6: 50-3.
Indraccolo, Lisa, tr. (2011). Precette per le donne e altri trattati cinesi di comportamento
femminile. Nuova Universale Einaudi: Nuova serie 6. Turin.
Inglis, Alister (2013). “Luo Ye’s Zuiweng tanlu and the Culture of Romance.” Chinese
Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 35: 97-122.
Irwin, Lee (1990). “Divinity and Salvation: The Great Goddesses of China.” Asian
Folklore Studies 49.1: 53-68.
Itakura Masaaki (2003). “Representations of Politicalness and Regionality in Wen-chi’s
Return to China.” Acta Asiatica 84: 20-41.
Ivanhoe, Philip J. (2000). “Mengzi, Xunzi, and Modern Feminist Ethics.” In Chenyang
Li, ed. (2000), 57-74.
Jackson, Beverly (1997). Splendid Slippers: A Thousand Years of an Erotic Tradition.
Berkeley: Ten Speed.
James, Jean M. (1995). “An Iconographic Study of Xiwangmu during the Han Dynasty.”
Artibus Asiae 55.1-2: 17-41.
Jaschok, Maria (1988). Concubines and Bondservants: The Social History of a Chinese
Custom. London and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed.
Jaschok, Maria, and Suzanne Miers, eds. (1994). Women and Chinese Patriarchy:
Submission, Servitude, and Escape. London and Atlantic Highlands, N.J.: Zed.
Jay, Jennifer [W.] (1990). “Vignettes of Chinese Women in Tang Xi’an (618-906):
Individualism in Wu Zetian, Yang Guifei, Yu Xuanji, and Li Wa.” Chinese Culture 31.1:
77-89.
Jay, Jennifer W. (1994). “Song Confucian Views on Eunuchs.” Chinese Culture 35.3:
45-51.
Jay, Jennifer W. (1996). “Imagining Matriarchy: ‘Kingdoms of Women’ in Tang China.”
Journal of the American Oriental Society 116.2: 220-29.
Jay, Jennifer W. (1999). “Castration and Medical Images of Eunuchs in Traditional
China.” Current Perspectives in the History of Science in East Asia. Ed. Yung Sik Kim
and Francesca Bray. Seoul: Seoul National University Press. 385-94.
Jia, Jinhua (2011). “The Yaochi ji and Three Daoist Priestess-Poets in Tang China.” Nan
Nü 13.2: 205-43.
38
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Jia, Jinhua (2014). “The Identity of Tang Daoist Priestesses.” In Jia et al. (2014), 103-32.
Jia Jinhua (2015). “Longevity Technique and Medical Theory The Legacy of the Tang
Daoist Priestess-Physician Hu Yin.” Monumenta Serica 63.1: 1-31.
Jia, Jinhua (2016a). “Gender and Early Chinese Cosmology Revisited.” Asian
Philosophy 26.4: 281-93.
Jia, Jinhua (2016b). “Religious and Other Experiences of Daoist Priestesses in Tang
China.” T’oung Pao 102.4-5: 321-57.
Jia, Jinhua, et al., eds. (2014). Gendering Chinese Religion: Subject, Identity, and Body.
[Albany:] State University of New York Press.
Jiang, Quanbao, and Jesús J. Sánchez-Barricarte (2011). “Bare Branches and Social
Stability: A Historical Perspective from China.” Frontiers of History in China 6.4: 53861. [On sex ratios and guanggun 光棍.]
Jiang, Xinyan (2009). “Confucianism, Women, and Social Contexts.” Journal of
Chinese Philosophy 36.2: 228-42.
Jiang, Yu (2004). “Ritual Practice, Status, and Gender Identity: Western Zhou Tombs
and Baoji.” In Linduff and Sun (2004), 117-36.
Jiao Tianlong (1995). “Gender Relations in Prehistoric Chinese Society: Archaeological
Discoveries.” In Min (1995), 91-126.
Jiao, Tianlong (2001). “Gender Studies in Chinese Neolithic Archaeology.” Gender and
the Archaeology of Death. Ed. Bettina Arnold and Nancy L. Wicker. Gender and
Archaeology Series 2. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Rowman & Littlefield, Altamira. 51-62.
Johnson, Linda Cooke (2011). Women of the Conquest Dynasties: Gender and Identity
in Liao and Jin China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Jōo, Fumiko (2014). “Ancestress Worship: Huxin Temple and the Literati Community in
Late Ming Ningbo.” Nan Nü 16.1: 29-58.
Judge, Joan (2011). “Exemplary Time and Secular Times: Wei Xiyuan’s Illustrated
Biographies of Exceptional Women and the Late Qing Moment.” In Judge and Hu (2011),
104-20.
Judge, Joan, and Hu Ying, eds. (2011). Beyond Exemplar Tales: Women’s Biography in
Chinese History. New Perspectives on Chinese Culture and Society. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Jugel, Ulrike (1976). Politische Funktion und soziale Stellung der Eunuchen zur
39
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
späteren Hanzeit (25-220 n. Chr.). Münchener Ostasiatische Studien 15. Wiesbaden:
Steiner.
Kajiyama Yuichi (1982). “Women in Buddhism.” The Eastern Buddhist 15: 53-70.
Kalinowski, Marc (1985). “La transmission du dispositif des neuf palais sous les SixDynasties.” Tantric and Taoist Studies in Honour of R.A. Stein. Ed. Michel Strickmann.
Vol. III. Mémoires Chinois et Bouddhiques 22: 773-811.
Kang, Xiaofei (2006). The Cult of the Fox: Power, Gender, and Popular Religion in
Late Imperial and Modern China. New York: Columbia University Press.
Karetzky, Patricia E. (1999). “The Representation of Women in Medieval China: Recent
Archaeological Evidence.” T’ang Studies 17: 213-70.
Karetzky, Patricia [E.] (2002-03). “Wu Zetian and Buddhist Art of the Tang Dynasty.”
T’ang Studies 20-21: 113-52.
Karlgren, Bernhard (1930). “Some Fecundity Symbols in Ancient China.” Bulletin of
the Museum of Far Eastern Antiquities 2: 1-65.
Kehry-Kurz, Doris (1999). “Warum muss ein General ein Mann sein? Die Generalin
Qin Liangyu und ihre Darstellung in biographischen Quellen des 17. bis 19.
Jahrhunderts.” In Übelhör (1999), 60-95.
Keightley, David N. (1999). “At the Beginning: The Status of Women in Neolithic and
Shang China.” Nan Nü 1.1: 1-63.
Kelleher, Theresa (1987). “Confucianism.” In Sharma (1987), 135-59.
Keller, Andrea (1991). “Nügua als Protagonistin im Schöpfungsgeschehen nach
frühchinesischen Quellen.” Chinablätter 18: 233-46.
Kern, Martin (2007). “Excavated Manuscripts and Their Socratic Pleasures: Newly
Discovered Challenges in Reading the ‘Airs of the States.’” Asiatische Studien 61.3:
775-93.
Khayutina, Maria (2014). “Marital Alliances and Affinal Relatives (sheng 甥 and
hungou 婚購) in the Society and Politics of Zhou China in the Light of Bronze
Inscriptions.” Early China 37: 39-99.
Kieschnick, John (2007). “Celibacy in East Asian Buddhism.” In Olson (2007), 225-40.
Kinney, Anne Behnke (1999). “Women in Ancient China.” Women’s Roles in Ancient
Civilizations: A Research Guide. Ed. Bella Vivante. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.
40
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Kinney, Anne Behnke (2004). Representations of Childhood and Youth in Early China.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Kinney, Anne Behnke (2012). “The Mao Commentary to the Book of Odes as a Source
for Women’s History.” In Ho (2012), 61-111.
Kinney, Anne Behnke (2013). “A Spring and Autumn Family.” The Chinese Historical
Review 20.2: 113-37.
Kinney, Anne Behnke (2014a). “Breaking through Heaven’s Glass Ceiling: The
Significance of the Commoner Woman of Qi in the ‘Lan ming’ Chapter of the
Huainanzi.” The Huainanzi and Textual Production in Early China. Ed. Sarah A. Queen
and Michael Puett. Studies in the History of Chinese Texts 5. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
351-76.
Kinney, Anne Behnke (2014b). “Our Woman in Central Asia: Women Diplomats of the
Han Court.” China and Beyond in the Mediaeval Period: Cultural Crossings and InterRegional Connections. Ed. Dorothy C. Wong and Gustav Heldt. Cambria Sinophone
World Series. Amherst, N.Y. 207-18.
Kinney, Anne Behnke, ed. (1995). Chinese Views of Childhood. Honolulu: University of
Hawaii Press.
Kirkland, Russell (1991). “Huang Ling-wei: A Taoist Priestess in T’ang China.”
Journal of Chinese Religions 19: 47-73.
Kleinjans, Everett (1990). “The Tao of Women and Men: Chinese Philosophy and the
Women’s Movement.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 17.1: 99-127.
Knapp, Bettina L. (1992). Images of Chinese Women: A Westerner’s View. Troy, N.Y.:
Whitston.
Knapp, Bettina L. (1997). Women in Myth. Albany: State University of New York Press.
[Contains a chapter entitled “China’s Fragmented Goddess Images.”]
Knapp, Keith N. (2008). “Learning Confucianism through Filial Sons, Loyal Retainers,
and Chaste Wives.” Teaching Confucianism. Ed. Jeffrey L. Richey. AAR Teaching
Religious Studies Series. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 39-54.
Knapp, Ronald G., and Kai-yin Lo, eds. (2005). House Home Family: Living and Being
Chinese. Spatial Habitus. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Knechtges, David R. (1993). “The Poetry of an Imperial Concubine: The Favorite
Beauty Ban.” Oriens Extremus 36: 127-44.
Knechtges, David R. (2009). “Luo Binwang’s Defense of a Jilted Lady: ‘Amorous
41
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Feelings: On Behalf of Miss Guo Sent to Lu Zhaolin.’” In Van Crevel et al. (2009), 4557.
Knechtges, David R. and Eugene Vances, eds. (2005). Rhetoric and the Discourses of
Power in Court Culture: China, Europe, and Japan. Seattle and London: University of
Washington Press.
Ko, Dorothy (1992). “Pursuing Talent and Virtue: Education and Women’s Culture in
Seventeenth- and Eighteenth-Century China.” Late Imperial China 13.1: 9-39.
Ko, Dorothy (1994a). “Lady-Scholars at the Door: The Practice of Gender Relations in
Eighteenth-Century Suzhou.” Boundaries in China. Ed. John Hay. Critical Views.
London: Reaktion. 198-216.
Ko, Dorothy (1994b). Teachers of the Inner Chambers: Women and Culture in
Seventeenth-Century China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Ko, Dorothy (1996). “Thinking about Copulating: An Early-Qing Confucian Thinker’s
Problem with Emotion and Words.” In Hershatter et al. (1996), 59-76.
Ko, Dorothy (1997a). “The Body as Attire: The Shifting Meanings of Footbinding in
Seventeenth-Century China.” Journal of Women’s History 8.4: 1-27.
Ko, Dorothy (1997b). “The Written Word and the Bound Foot: A History of the
Courtesan’s Aura.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 74-100.
Ko, Dorothy (2001a). Every Step a Lotus: Shoes for Bound Feet. Berkeley: University
of California Press.
Ko, Dorothy (2001b). “The Presence of Antiquity: Ming Discourses on Footbinding’s
Origins.” Die Gegenwart des Altertums: Formen und Funktionen des Altertumsbezugs in
den Hochkulturen der alten Welt. Ed. Dieter Kuhn and Helga Stahl. Heidelberg: Forum.
493-512.
Ko, Dorothy (2002). “Footbinding as Female Inscription.” Rethinking Confucianism:
Past and Present in China, Japan, Korea, and Vietnam. Ed. Benjamin A. Elman et al.
UCLA Asian Pacific Monograph Series. 147-77.
Ko, Dorothy (2005). Cinderella’s Sisters: A Revisionist History of Footbinding.
Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Ko, Dorothy, et al., eds. (2003). Women and Confucian Cultures in Premodern China,
Korea, and Japan. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Kohn, Livia (1989). “The Mother of the Tao.” Taoist Resources 1.2: 37-113.
42
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Kohn, Livia (2001). “Doumu: The Mother of the Dipper.” Ming Qing yanjiu 明清研究
8: 149-95.
Kohn, Livia (2004). “Immortal Parents and Universal Kin: Family Values in Medieval
Daoism.” In Chan and Tan (2004), 91-109.
Kohn, Livia (2007). “Sexual Control and Daoist Cultivation.” In Olson (2007), 241-64.
Kolb, Raimund Th. (2006). “‘Übeltäter, Rächer und Rebellen’: Die han-zeitlichen
‘Jungen Männer’ (shaonian).” In Friedrich et al. (2006), 425-42.
Komasinski, Andrew, and Stephanie Midori Komashin (2016). “How Relational
Selfhood Rearranges the Debate between Feminists and Confucians.” In Foust and Tan
(2016), 147-70.
Komjathy, Louis (2014). “Sun Buer: Early Quanzhen Matriarch and the Beginnings of
Female Alchemy.” Nan Nü 16.2: 171-238.
Kory, Stephan N. (2016). “Presence in Variety: De-Trivializing Female Diviners in
Medieval China.” Nan Nü 18.1: 3-48.
Kralle, Jianfei (2001). “Fan Ji und Wei Ji.” In Schilling and Kralle (2001), 53-73.
Kralle, Jianfei (2004). “Zu einigen Frauengestalten aus dem Lie nü zhuan.” In Kralle
and Schilling (2004), 93-110.
Kralle, Jianfei, with Roderich Ptak and Dennis Schilling (1999). “Böse Brut: Bao Si und
das Ende von König You.” Zeitschrift der deutschen morgenländischen Gesellschaft
149.1: 145-72.
Kralle, Jianfei, and Dennis Schilling, eds. (2004). Schreiben über Frauen in China: Ihre
Literarisierung im historischen Schrifttum und ihr gesellschaftlicher Status in der
Geschichte. Lun Wen: Studien zur Geistesgeschichte und Literatur in China 5.
Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Kristeva, Julia (1977). About Chinese Women. Tr. Anita Barrows. New York: Urizen.
Kroll, Paul W. (2009). “The Life and Writings of Xu Hui (627-650), Worthy Consort, at
the Early Tang Court.” Asia Major (third series) 22.2: 35-64.
Kroll, Paul W., and David R. Knechtges, eds. (2003). Studies in Early Medieval Chinese
Literature and Cultural History: In Honor of Richard B. Mather & Donald Holzman.
Provo, Ut.: T’ang Studies Society.
Ku Cheng-mei (1991). “The Mahisasaka View of Women.” Buddhist Thought and
Ritual. Ed. David J. Kalupahana. New York: International Religious Foundation. 103-
43
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
24.
Kubin, Wolfgang (2008). “The Girl from Chang’an Walks By: Towards the Image of
Women in the Tang Dynasty.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 30: 85-92.
Kuriyama, Shigehisa (2004). “Angry Women and the Evolution of Chinese Medicine.”
National Healths: Gender, Sexuality and Health in a Cross-Cultural Context. Ed.
Michael Worton and Nana Wilson-Tagoe. London: Cavendish, UCL Press. 179-89.
Kutcher, Norman (1997). “The Death of the Xiaoxian Empress: Bureaucratic Betrayals
and the Crises of Eighteenth-Century Chinese Rule.” Journal of Asian Studies 56.3: 70825.
Kutcher, Norman (2000). “The Fifth Relationship: Dangerous Friendships in the
Confucian Context.” American Historical Review 105.5: 1615-29.
Kwa, Shiamin (2009). “The Shape of Things: Locating the Self in Xu Wei’s Zen Master
Yu Has a Voluptuous Dream.” In Van Crevel et al. (2009), 175-91.
Kwa, Shiamin, and Wilt L. Idema, trs. (2010). Mulan: Five Versions of a Classic
Chinese Legend, with Related Texts. Indianapolis: Hackett.
Kwong Hing Foon (1986). Wang Zhaojun: Une héroïne de l’histoire à la légende.
Mémoires de l’Institut des Hautes Études Chinoises 27. Paris.
Kwong Hing Foon (1992). “Wang Zhaojun dans les contes populaires contemporains.”
Études chinoises 11.1: 7-55.
Lai, Karyn L. (2000). “The Daodejing: Resources for Contemporary Feminist
Thinking.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 27.2: 131-53.
Lai, Karyn [L.] (2016a). “Close Personal Relationships and the Situated Self: The
Confucian Analects and Feminist Philosophy.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 111-26.
Lai, Karyn [L.] (2016b). “Confucian Reliability and Epistemic Agency: Engagements
with Feminist Epistemology.” In Foust and Tan (2016), 101-26.
Lai, Sufen Sophia (1999a). “From Cross-Dressing Daughter to Lady Knight-Errant: The
Origin and Evolution of Chinese Women Warriors.” In Mou, ed. (1999), 77-107.
Lai, Sufen Sophia (1999b). “Father in Heaven, Mother in Hell: Politics in the Creation
and Transformation of Mulian’s Mother.” In Mou, ed. (1999), 187-213.
Lai, Whalen (2004). “The Earth Mother Scripture: Unmasking the Neo-Archaic.”
Beyond Primitivism: Indigenous Religious Traditions and Modernity. Ed. Jacob K.
Olupona. New York and London: Routledge. 200-13.
44
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Laing, Ellen Johnston (1988). “Wives, Daughters, and Lovers: Three Ming Dynasty
Women Painters.” In Weidner et al. (1988), 31-39.
Laing, Ellen Johnston (1990). “Women Painters in Traditional China.” In Weidner, ed.
(1990), 81-101.
Laing, Ellen Johnston (1996). “Erotic Themes and Romantic Heroines Depicted by
Ch’iu Ying.” Archives of Asian Art 49: 68-91.
Laing, Ellen Johnston (2001). “From Thief to Deity: The Pictorial Record of the Chinese
Moon Goddess, Chang E.” Die Gegenwart des Altertums: Formen und Funktionen des
Altertumsbezugs in den Hochkulturen der Alten Welt. Dieter Kuhn and Helga Stahl, eds.
Heidelberg: Edition Forum. 437-54.
Laing, Ellen Johnston (2015). “Depictions of Mulan with Her Family and with Her
Horse in Chinese Prints.” Nan Nü 17.2: 181-213.
Lam, Joseph S.C. (2003). “The Presence and Absence of Female Musicians and Music in
China.” In Ko et al. (2003), 97-120.
Lam, Joseph S.C. (2007). “Music and Male Bonding in Ming China.” Nan Nü 9.1: 70110.
Lam, Joseph S.C. (2010). “Reading Music and Eroticism in Late Ming Texts.” Nan Nü
12.2: 215-54.
Lam, Joseph S.C. (2011). “Music and Masculinities in Late Ming China.” Asian Music
42.2: 112-34.
Lambert, Andrew (2016). “Confucian Ethics and Care: An Amicable Split?” In Foust
and Tan (2016), 173-97.
Lanciotti, Lionello (1980). “La donna nelle Società segrete cinesi.” In Lanciotti, ed.
(1980), 55-64.
Lanciotti, Lionello, ed. (1980). La donna nella Cina imperiale e nella Cina repubblicana.
Civiltà Veneziana: Studi 36. Florence: Leo S. Olschki.
Larsen, Jeanne (1987). “Women of Religion in T’ang Poetry: Toward a New Pedagogy
of Reading Traditional Genre.” Journal of the Chinese Language Teachers Association
22.3: 1-25.
Larsen, Jeanne, tr. (1987). Brocade River Poems: Selected Works of the Tang Dynasty
Courtesan Xue Tao. Lockert Library of Poetry in Translation. Princeton.
45
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Larsen, Jeanne, tr. (2005). Willow, Wine, Mirror, Moon: Women’s Poems from Tang
China. Lannan Translations Selection Series. Rochester, N.Y.: BOA, 2005.
Larson, Wendy (2004). “Woman, Moral Virtue, and Literary Text.” Chinese Aesthetics
and Literature: A Reader. Ed. Corinne H. Dale. SUNY Series in Asian Studies
Development. Albany. 55-69.
Lau Nap-yin (2015). “Changes to Women’s Legal Rights in the Family from the Song to
the Ming.” Modern Chinese Religion I: Song-Liao-Jin-Yuan (960-1368 AD). Ed. John
Lagerwey and Pierre Marsone. Handbook of Oriental Studies IV.29. Leiden and Boston:
Brill. I, 643-717.
Lau, Ulrich (1999). “Han-zeitliche Rechtsentscheidungen als Auskunftsquellen zur
Stellung der Frau.” In Übelhör (1999), 37-59.
Lau, Ulrich (2005). “The Scope of Private Jurisdiction in Early Imperial China: The
Evidence of Newly Excavated Legal Documents.” Asiatische Studien 59.1: 333-52.
Laughlin, Karen, and Eva Wong (1999). “Feminism and/in Taoism.” In Sharma and
Young (1999), 148-78.
Lauwaert, Françoise (1991). Recevoir—Conserver—Transmettre: L’adoption dans
l’histoire de la famille chinoise: Aspects religieux, sociaux et juridiques. Mélanges
chinois et bouddhiques 24. Brussels: Institut Belge des Hautes Études Chinoises.
Lauwaert, Françoise (1993). “La mauvaise graine: Le gendre adopté dans le conte
d’imitation de la fin des Ming.” Études chinoises 12.2: 51-92.
Lauwaert, Françoise (1996). “Abandon, adoption, liaison: Réflexions sur l’adoption
thérapeutique en Chine traditionelle.” L’Homme 137: 143-61.
Leder, Alfred (2007). “Frau Vorsichtig belehrt Junker Grossblumig: Eine verschlüsselte
Episode aus dem Zhuangzi.” Asiatische Studien 61.3: 795-811.
Leder, Alfred (2009). “Die Geschichte der Lingyun: Symbolik und Anspielung in einer
Parabel aus dem Shiyi ji.” Dem Text ein Freund: Erkundungen des chinesischen
Altertums: Robert H. Gassmann gewidmet. Ed. Roland Altenburger et al. Bern: Peter
Lang. 241-53.
Lee, Bernice J. (1981). “Female Infanticide in China.” In Guisso and Johannesen (1981),
163-77.
Lee, Hui-shu (2010). Empresses, Art, and Agency in Song Dynasty China. Seattle:
University of Washington Press.
Lee, Hui-shu (2015). “Voices from the Crimson Clouds Library: Reading Liu Rushi’s
46
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
(1618-1664) Misty Willows by Moonlit Dike.” Journal of Chinese Literature and Culture
2.1: 173-206. [On Yueti yanliu tu 月堤煙柳圖, by Liu Rushi 柳如是.]
Lee, Jen-der (1994). “The Life of Women in the Six Dynasties.” Journal of Women and
Gender Studies 4: 47-80.
Lee, Jen-der (1995). “Infanticide and Child Abandonment from Han to Sui.” Bulletin of
the Institute of History and Philology 66.3: 747-812.
Lee, Jen-der (1996). “Childbirth in Late Antiquity and Early Mediaeval China.” Bulletin
of the Institute of History and Philology 67.3: 533-654.
Lee, Jen-der (1999). “The Death of a Princess: Codifying Classical Family Ethics in
Early Medieval China.” In Mou, ed. (1999), 1-37.
Lee, Jen-der (2000). “Wet Nurses in Early Imperial China.” Nan Nü 2.1: 1-39.
Lee, Jen-der (2003). “Gender and Medicine in Tang China.” Asia Major (third series)
16.2: 1-32.
Lee, Jen-der (2003-4). “Querelle des femmes? Les femmes jalouses et leur contrôle au
début de la Chine médiévale.” Tr. Gilles Despeux and Pénélope Riboud Duran. In Tri
and Despeux (2003-4), III, 67-97.
Lee, Jen-der (2005). “Childbirth in Early Imperial China.” Nan Nü 7.2: 216-86.
Reprinted in Leung (2006), 108-78.
Lee, Jen-der (2012). “Ishinpo and Its Excerpts from Chanjing: A Japanese Medical Text
as a Source for Chinese Women’s History.” In Ho (2012): 185-215.
Lee, Lily [Xiao Hong] (1993-94). “Language and Self-Estimation: The Case of Wei-Jin
Women.” Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia 25-26: 15-64.
Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (1994). The Virtue of Yin: Studies of Chinese Women. Sydney:
Wild Peony.
Lee, Lily Xiao Hong (2014). “Biography vs Autobiography of Chinese Women: Or,
Archaeology vs Genealogy.” JOSA 46 (2014): 11-25.
Lee, Lily Xiao Hong, and A.D. Stefanowska, eds. (2007). Biographical Dictionary of
Chinese Women: Antiquity through Sui, 1600 B.C.E.-618 C.E. University of Hong Kong
Libraries Publications 21. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
Lee, Lily Xiao Hong, and Sue Wiles, eds. (2014). Biographical Dictionary of Chinese
Women: Tang through Ming, 618-1644. University of Hong Kong Libraries Publications
25. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
47
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Lee, Pauline C. (2000). “Li Zhi and John Stuart Mill: A Confucian Feminist Critique of
Liberal Feminism.” In Chenyang Li, ed. (2000), 113-32.
Lee, Sylvia W.S. (2016). “‘Co-Branding’ a cainü and a Garden: How the Zhao Family
Established Identities for Wen Shu (1595-1634) and Their Garden Residence Hanshan.”
Nan Nü 18.1: 49-83.
Lee-Linke, Sung-Hee (1991). Frauen gegen Konfuzius: Perspektiven einer asiatischfeministischen Theologie. Gütersloher Taschenbuch 530. Gütersloh.
Lee-Linke, Sung-Hee (1996). Familie—Religion—Kultur: Familienkonzeptionen in
Konfuzianismus und Protestantismus. Neukirchener Theologische Dissertationen und
Habilitationen 4. Neukirchen-Vluyn.
Leo, Jessieca (2011). Sex in the Yellow Emperor’s Basic Questions: Sex, Longevity, and
Medicine in Early China. Dunedin, Fla.: Three Pines.
Leung, Angela Ki Che (1999). “Women Practicing Medicine in Premodern China.” In
Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 101-34.
Leung, Angela Ki Che (2005). “Recent Trends in the Study of Medicine for Women in
Imperial China.” Nan Nü 7.2: 110-26. Reprinted in Leung (2006), 2-18.
Leung, Angela Ki Che, ed. (2006). Medicine for Women in Imperial China. Leiden:
Brill.
Levering, Miriam L. (1982). “The Dragon Girl and the Abbess of Moshan: Gender and
Status in the Ch’an Buddhist Tradition.” Journal of the International Association of
Buddhist Studies 5.1: 19-35.
Levering, Miriam L. (1992). “Lin-chi (Rinzai) Ch’an and Gender: The Rhetoric of
Equality and the Rhetoric of Heroism.” In Cabezón (1992), 137-56.
Levering, Miriam [L.] (1997). “Stories of Enlightened Women in Ch’an and the Chinese
Buddhist Female Bodhisattva/Goddess Tradition.” Women and Goddess Traditions: In
Antiquity and Today. Ed. Karen L. King. Studies in Antiquity and Christianity.
Minneapolis: Fortress. 137-76.
Levering, Miriam L. (1998). “Dōgen’s Raihaitokuzui and Women Teaching in Sung
Ch’an.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 21.1: 77-110.
Levering, Miriam [L.] (1999). “Miao-tao and Her Teacher Ta-hui.” In Gregory and Getz
(1999), 188-219.
Levering, Miriam [L.] (2000). “Women Ch’an Masters: The Teacher Miao-tsung as
48
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Saint.” In Sharma (2000), 180-204.
Levering, Miriam [L.] (2006). “Guanyin/Avalokitesvara in Encounter Dialogues:
Creating a Place for Guanyin in Chinese Chan Buddhism.” Journal of Chinese Religions
34: 1-28.
Levi, Jean (2012). “Le père insuffisant: Remarques sur la phraséologie politique en
Chine ancienne.” In Graziani and Lanselle (2012), 51-81.
Levy, Howard S. (1958). Harem Favorites of an Illustrious Celestial. Taichung: Chingtai.
Levy, Howard S. (1962). “T’ang Courtesans, Ladies, and Concubines.” Orient/West 8:
49-64.
Levy, Howard S. (1966). Chinese Footbinding: The History of a Curious Erotic Custom.
New York: W. Rawls.
Levy, Howard S., and Akira Ishihara (1989). The Tao of Sex: The Essence of Medical
Prescriptions (Ishimpō). 3rd edition. Lower Lake, Calif.: Integral.
Lewis, Mark Edward (2012). “Mothers and Sons in Early Imperial China.” In Graziani
and Lanselle (2012), 245-75.
Li, Chenyang (2000a). “The Confucian Concept of Jen and the Feminist Ethics of Care:
A Comparative Study.” In Chenyang Li, ed. (2000), 23-42.
Li, Chenyang (2000b). “Confucianism and Feminist Concerns: Overcoming the
Confucian ‘Gender Complex.’” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 27.2: 187-99.
Li, Chenyang (2016). “Care and Justice: Reading Mencius, Kant, and Gilligan
Comparatively.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 127-40.
Li, Chenyang, ed. (2000). The Sage and the Second Sex: Confucianism, Ethics, and
Gender. Chicago and La Salle, Ill.: Open Court.
Li Feng and David Prager Branner, eds. (2011). Writing and Literacy in Early China:
Studies from the Columbia Early China Seminar. Seattle and London: University of
Washington Press.
Li, Guotong (2015). “The Control of Female Energies: Gender and Ethnicity on China’s
Southeast Coast.” In Bossler (2015), 41-57.
Li, Jian-jing (2004). “Gender Relations and Labor Division at the Pingyang Site.” In
Linduff and Sun (2004), 237-55.
49
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Li Ju-chen [i.e. Li Ruzhen 李汝珍, ca. 1763-ca. 1830] (1965). Flowers in the Mirror. Tr.
Lin Tai-yi [林太乙, i.e. Lin Yuru 林玉如]. Berkeley: University of California Press.
[Translation of Jinghua yuan 鏡花緣.]
Li Ling and Keith McMahon (1992). “The Contents and Terminology of the Mawangdui
Texts on the Arts of the Bedchamber.” Early China 17: 145-85.
Li Rongxi, tr. (2002). “Biographies of Buddhist Nuns.” Lives of the Great Monks and
Nuns. BDK English Tripitaka 76.III-VII. Berkeley, Calif.: Numata Center for Buddhist
Translation and Research.
Li, Siu-Leung (2003). Cross-Dressing in Chinese Opera. Hong Kong: Hong Kong
University Press.
Li, Wai-yee (1991). “The Feminine Turn of Rhetoric in Chinese Literature.”
International Journal of Social Education 6: 17-41.
Li, Wai-yee (1993). Enchantment and Disenchantment: Love and Illusion in Chinese
Literature. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
Li, Wai-yee (1997). “The Late Ming Courtesan: Invention of a Cultural Ideal.” In
Widmer and Chang (1997), 46-73.
Li, Wai-yee (1999). “Heroic Transformations: Women and National Trauma in Early
Qing Literature.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 59.2: 363-443.
Li, Wai-yee (2004). “Languages of Love and Parameters of Culture in Peony Pavilion
and The Story of the Stone.” In Eifring, ed. (2004), 237-70.
Li, Wai-yee (2005). “Women as Emblems of Dynastic Fall from Late Ming to Late
Qing.” Dynastic Crisis and Cultural Innovation: From the Late Ming to the Late Qing
and Beyond. Ed. David Der-wei Wang and Shang Wei. Harvard East Asian Monographs
249. Cambridge, Mass. 93-150.
Li, Wai-yee (2008). “The Filial Woman of Jiangdu.” Renditions 70: 89-100.
Li, Wai-yee (2010). “Women Writers and Gender Boundaries during the Ming-Qing
Transition.” In Fong and Widmer (2010), 179-213.
Li, Wai-yee (2012). “Romantic Recollections of Women as Sources of Women’s
History.” In Ho (2012), 337-67.
Li, Xiaorong (2005). “Engendering Heroism: Ming-Qing Women's Song Lyrics to the
Tune Man Jiang Hong.” Nan Nü 7.1: 1-39.
Li, Xiaorong (2009). “Gender and Textual Politics during the Qing Dynasty: The Case of
50
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
the Zhengshi ji.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 69.1: 75-107.
Li, Xiaorong (2012). Women’s Poetry of Late Imperial China: Transforming the Inner
Chambers. Seattle and London: University of Washington Press.
Li, Xiaorong (2016). “Beauty without Borders: A Meiji Anthology of Classical Chinese
Poetry on Beautiful Women and Sino-Japanese Literati Interactions in the Seventeenth to
Twentieth Centuries.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 136.2: 371-95.
Li, Yuhang (2012). “Embroidering Guanyin: Constructions of the Divine through Hair.”
East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 36: 131-66.
Li Yu-ning, ed. (1992). Chinese Women through Chinese Eyes. East Gate. Armonk,
N.Y., and London: M.E. Sharpe.
Lian, Arlen (2008). “The shesheng Adjustments to the Rites in Early China.” Journal of
the American Oriental Society 128.4: 723-35.
Liang, Yan (2014). “Reflections on a Braised Pig’s Head: Food and Vernacular
Storytelling in Jin Ping Mei.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 134.1: 51-68.
Liao, Tim Futing (2004). “Estimating Household Structure in Ancient China by Using
Historical Data: A Latent Class Analysis of Partially Missing Patterns.” Journal of the
Royal Statistical Society, Series A 167.1: 125-39.
Lin, Wei-hung (1991). “Chastity in Chinese Eyes: Nan-Nü Yu-Pieh.” Hanxue yanjiu 12:
13-40.
Linck, Gudula (1986). Zur Sozialgeschichte der chinesischen Familie im 13.
Jahrhundert: Untersuchungen am “Ming-gong shu-pan qing-ming ji”. Münchener
Ostasiatische Studien 40. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
Linck, Gudula (1988). Frau und Familie in China. Beck’sche Reihe 357. Munich.
Linck, Gudula (2000). Yin und Yang: Auf der Suche nach Ganzheit im chinesischen
Denken. Beck’sche Reihe 1323. Munich.
Linck, Gudula (2001). Leib und Körper: Zum Selbstverständnis im vormodernen China.
Historisch-anthropologische Studien 12. Frankfurt: Peter Lang.
Linck, Gudula (2006). “Der poetische Körper von Mawangdui: Texte zur Lebenspflege
aus dem 2. Jahrhundert v.Chr.” In Friedrich et al. (2006), 11-25.
Lindell, Kristina (1973). “Stories of Suicide in Ancient China: An Essay on Chinese
Morals.” Acta Orientalia 35: 167-239.
51
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Linduff, Katheryn [M.] (2002). “Women’s Lives Memorialized in Burial in Ancient
China at Anyang.” In Nelson and Ayalon (2002), 257-88.
Linduff, Katheryn [M.] (2003). “Many Wives, One Queen in Shang China.” Ancient
Queens: Archaeological Explorations. Ed. Sarah Milledge Nelson. Gender and
Archaeology Series 5. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Rowman & Littlefield, Altamira. 59-75.
Linduff, Katheryn M. (2008). “The Gender of Luxury and Power among the Xiongnu in
Eastern Eurasia.” In Linduff and Rubinson (2008), 175-211.
Linduff, Katheryn M., and Karen S. Rubinson, eds. (2008). Are All Warriors Male?
Gender Roles on the Ancient Eurasian Steppe. Gender and Archaeology Series. Lanham,
Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, Altamira.
Linduff, Katheryn M., and Yan Sun, eds. (2004). Gender and Chinese Archaeology.
Gender and Archaeology Series 8. Walnut Creek, Calif.: Rowman & Littlefield,
Altamira.
Ling Mengchu (1580-1644) (2003). In the Inner Quarters: Erotic Stories from Ling
Mengchu’s Two Slaps. Tr. Lenny Hu in collaboration with R.W.L. Guisso. Vancouver:
Arsenal Pulp.
Lingley, Kate A. (2012). “Lady Yuchi in the First Person: Patronage, Kinship, and Voice
in the Guyang Cave.” Early Medieval China 18: 25-47.
Liu, Dalin, et al. (1997). Sexual Behavior in Modern China: Report on the Nationwide
Survey of 20,000 Men and Women. New York: Continuum.
Liu, Fei-wen (2004). “Literacy, Gender, and Class: Nüshu and Sisterhood Communities
in Southern Rural Hunan.” Nan Nü 6.2: 241-82.
Liu Lexian (2005). “Love Charms among the Dunhuang Manuscripts.” Tr. Vivienne Lo.
In Lo and Cullen (2005), 165-75.
Liu Ruzhen (1995). “Women’s Status and Gender Relationships in the Liao, Jin and
Yuan Dynasties.” In Min (1995), 315-58.
Liu, Wenjia (2016). “Virtuous Wives and Shrews in Feng shuangfei: Empowering
Female Characters through a Revision of Stereotypes.” Journal of Chinese Literature
and Culture 3.1: 57-84.
Liu, Xun (2004). “Visualizing Perfection: Daoist Paintings of our Lady, Court Patronage,
and Elite Female Piety in the Late Qing.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 64.1: 57116.
Lo, Irving Yucheng (1988). “Daughters of the Muses in China.” In Weidner et al.
52
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
(1988), 41-51.
Lo, Kar-kee, and Hoi-ling Lui (2012). “A Selected Bibliography of Useful Works on the
Methodologies of Chinese Women’s History.” In Ho (2012), 579-84.
Lo, Ping-cheung (1993). “Zhu Xi and Confucian Sexual Ethics.” Journal of Chinese
Philosophy 20: 465-77.
Lo, Vivienne (1993). “The Legend of the Lady of Linshui.” Journal of Chinese
Religions 21: 69-96.
Lo, Vivienne (2007). “Imagining Practice: Sense and Sensuality in Early Chinese
Medical Illustration.” Graphics and Text in the Production of Technical Knowledge in
China: The Warp and the Weft. Ed. Francesca Bray et al. Sinica Leidensia 79. Leiden:
Brill. 383-423.
Lo, Vivienne, and Christopher Cullen, eds. (2005). Medieval Chinese Medicine: The
Dunhuang Medical Manuscripts. Needham Research Institute Series. London and New
York: Routledge Curzon.
Lo, Yuet Keung (2004). “Filial Devotion for Women: A Buddhist Testimony from Third
Century China.” In Chan and Tan (2004), 134-71.
Lo, Yuet Keung (2005). “Recovering a Buddhist Voice on Daughters-in-Law: The
Yuyenü jing.” History of Religions 44.4: 318-50.
Lo, Yuet Keung (2008). “Conversion to Chastity: A Buddhist Catalyst in Early Imperial
China.” Nan Nü 10.1: 22-56.
Lo, Yuet Keung (2014). “Indeterminacy in Meaning: Religious Syncretism and Dynastic
Historiography in the Shannüren zhuan.” Sex, Gender and the Sacred: Reconfiguring
Religion in Gender History. Ed. Joanna de Groot and Sue Morgan. Gender and History
Special Book Issue Series. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley-Blackwell, 2014. 67-82.
Lo, Yuet Keung (2015). “Beneath Sensationalized Conflict: Buddhist Conjugal Relation
in Early Medieval China.” Chinese Historial Review 22.1: 5-30.
Lomová, Olga (2007). “Mourning a Deceased Wife (Daowang shi 悼亡詩): Creation
and Transformation of a Poetic Genre.” Archiv Orientální 75.1: 75-92.
Louie, Kam (2002). Theorising Chinese Masculinity: Society and Gender in China.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Lowry, Kathryn (2003). “Duplicating the Strength of Feeling: The Circulation of
Qingshu in the Late Ming.” In Zeitlin et al., eds. (2003), 239-72.
53
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Lu, Huitzu (2002). “Women’s Ascetic Practices during the Song.” Asia Major 15.1: 73108.
Lu, Weijing (1998). “Uxorilocal Marriage among Qing Literati.” Late Imperial China
19.2: 64-110.
Lu, Weijing (2004). “Beyond the Paradigm: Tea-Picking Women in Imperial China.”
Journal of Women’s History 15.4: 19-46.
Lu, Weijing (2008). True to Her Word: The Faithful Maiden Cult in Late Imperial China.
Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Lu, Weijing (2010a). “‘A Pearl in the Palm’: A Forgotten Symbol of the FatherDaughter Bond.” Late Imperial China 31.1: 62-97.
Lu, Weijing (2010b). “The Chaste and the Licentious: Female Sexuality and Moral
Discourse in Ming and Early Qing China.” Early Modern Women 5: 183-87.
Lu, Weijing (2011). “Faithful Maiden Biographies: A Forum for Ritual Debate, Moral
Critique, and Personal Reflection.” In Judge and Hu (2011), 88-103.
Lu, Weijing (2012). “Personal Writings on Female Relatives in the Qing Collected
Works.” In Ho (2012), 411-34.
Lu, Weijing (2013). “Abstaining from Sex: Mourning Ritual and the Confucian Elite.”
Journal of the History of Sexuality 22.2: 230-52.
Lu, Weijing (2015). “Writing Love: The Heming ji by Wang Zhaoyuan and Hao
Yixing.” In Bossler (2015), 83-109. [Heming ji is 和鳴集.]
Lü, Bianting (2010). “Bridal Dowry Land and the Economic Status of Women from
Wealthy Families in the Song Dynasty.” Tr. Austin Dean and Jinxu Yang. Frontiers of
History in China 5.1: 106-24.
Lü Tiancheng (1580-1618) (2001). The Embroidered Couch. Tr. Lenny Hu. Vancouver:
Arsenal Pulp.
Luk Yu-ping (2011). “Picturing Celestial Certificates in Zhengyi Daoism: A Case Study
of the Ordination Scroll of Empress Zhang (1493).” Daoism: Religion, History and
Society 3: 17-48.
Lullo, Sheri A. (2004). “Female Divinities in Han Dynasty Representation.” In Linduff
and Sun (2004), 259-87.
Luo, Manling (2005). “The Seduction of Authenticity: ‘The Story of Yingying.’” Nan
Nü 7.1: 40-70.
54
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Luo, Manling (2014). “Gender, Genre, and Discourse: The Woman Avenger in Medieval
Chinese Texts.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 134.4: 579-99.
Ma, Lin (2009). “Character of the Feminine in Lévinas and the Daodejing 道德經.”
Journal of Chinese Philosophy 36.2: 261-76.
Ma, Lin (2016). “On the dao of ci 雌 (Feminine/Female) in the Daodejing 《道德經》.
In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 229-48.
Ma, Qian (2005). Women in Traditional Chinese Theater: The Heroine’s Play. Lanham,
Md.: University Press of America.
MacCormack, Geoffrey (2010). “Liability for Suicide in Qing Law on Account of Filthy
Words.” Nan Nü 12.1: 103-41.
Maeda, Robert J. (1973-74). “The Portrait of a Woman of the Late Ming-Early Ch’ing
Period: Madame Ho-tung.” Archives of Asian Art 27: 46-52.
Man, Eva Kit Wah (2000). “Contemporary Feminist Body Theories and Mencius’s Ideas
of Body and Mind.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 27.2: 155-69.
Man, Eva Kit Wah (2012). “Discourses on Female Bodily Aesthetics and Its Early
Revelations in The Book of Songs.” In Ho (2012), 113-30.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1985). “Historical Change in Female Biography from Song to Qing
Times: The Case of Early Qing Jiangnan (Jiangsu and Anhui Provinces).” Transactions
of the International Conference of Orientalists in Japan 國際東洋學者會議紀要 30: 6577.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1987). “Widows in the Kinship, Class, and Community Structures of
Qing Dynasty China.” Journal of Asian Studies 46.1: 37-56.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1991). “Grooming a Daughter for Marriage: Brides and Wives in the
Mid-Ch’ing Period.” In Watson and Ebrey (1991), 204-30. Reprinted (without
acknowledgement) in Brownell and Wasserstrom (2002), 93-119.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1992). “‘Fuxue’ (Women’s Learning) by Zhang Xuecheng (17381801): China’s First History of Women’s Culture.” Late Imperial China 13.1: 40-62.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1994a). “The Education of Daughters in the Mid-Ch’ing Period.”
Education and Society in Late Imperial China, 1600-1900. Ed. Benjamin A. Elman and
Alexander Woodside. Studies on China 19. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of
California Press. 19-49.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1994b). “Learned Women in the Eighteenth Century.” In Gilmartin et
55
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
al. (1994), 27-46.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1995). “Talented Women in Local Gazetteers of the Lingnan Region
during the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries.” Jindai Zhongguo funüshi yanjiu 3:
123-41.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1996). “Women in the Life and Thought of Zhang Xuecheng.”
Chinese Language, Thought, and Culture: Nivison and His Critics. Ed. Philip J. Ivanhoe.
Critics and Their Critics 3. Chicago and La Salle, Ill.: Open Court. 94-120.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1997a). “The History of Chinese Women before the Age of
Orientalism.” Journal of Women’s History 8.4: 163-76.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1997b). Precious Records: Women in China’s Long Eighteenth
Century. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Mann, Susan [L.] (1999). East Asia (China, Japan, Korea). Women’s and Gender
History in Global Perspective. Washington, D.C.: American Historical Association.
Mann, Susan [L.] (2000a). “The Male Bond in Chinese History and Culture.” American
Historical Review 105.5: 1600-14.
Mann, Susan [L.] (2000b). “Myths of Asian Womanhood.” Journal of Asian Studies
59.4: 835-62.
Mann, Susan [L.] (2000c). “Work and Household in Chinese Culture: Historical
Perspectives.” Re-Drawing Boundaries: Work, Households, and Gender in China. Ed.
Barbara Entwisle and Gail E. Henderson. Studies on China 25. Berkeley and Los
Angeles: University of California Press. 15-32.
Mann, Susan [L.] (2005). “The Virtue of Travel for Women in the Late Empire.” In
Goodman and Larson (2005), 55-74.
Mann, Susan [L.] (2007). The Talented Women of the Zhang Family. Berkeley:
University of California Press.
Mann, Susan [L.] (2011a). “Biographical Sources and Silences.” In Judge and Hu
(2011), 17-35.
Mann, Susan L. (2011b). Gender and Sexuality in Modern Chinese History. New
Approaches to Asian History. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Mann, Susan, and Yu-yin Cheng, eds. (2001). Under Confucian Eyes: Writings on
Gender in Chinese History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Marshall, Alison R. (2003). “Engendering Mediumship: When Youths Performed the
56
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Rain Dances in Han Dynasty China.” Studies in Religion/Sciences religieuses 32.1: 83100.
Martin, Emily (1988). “Gender and Ideological Differences in Representations of Life
and Death.” Death Ritual in Late Imperial and Early Modern China. Ed. James L.
Watson and Evelyn S. Rawski. Berkeley: University of California Press. 164-79.
Martin, Ilse (1943-44). “Das Lieh-nü-chuan und seine Illustrationen.” Sinologische
Arbeiten 1: 87-118; 2: 161-86.
Martin-Liao, Tienchi (1984). Frauenerziehung im alten China: Eine Analyse der
Frauenbücher. Chinathemen 22. Bochum: N. Brockmeyer.
Martin-Liao, Tienchi (1985). “Traditional Handbooks of Women’s Education.” In
Gerstlacher et al. (1985), 165-89.
Maspero, Henri (1971). Le Taoïsme et les religions chinoises. Bibliothèque des histoires.
Paris: Gallimard.
Mathieu, Rémi (1984). “Aux origines de la femme-renarde de l’ancienne Chine.” Etudes
mongoles et sibériennes 15: 83-109.
Mattice, Sarah A. (2016). “Confucian Role Ethics in the 21st Century: Domestic
Violence, Same-Sex Marriage, and Christian Family Values.” In Foust and Tan (2016),
198-225.
Maxwell, Daniel (2012). “The Clinical Utility of the Concept of jing in Chinese
Reproductive Medicine.” Asian Medicine 7.2: 421-54. [Jing is 精.]
McCreery, John L. (1976). “Women’s Property Rights and Dowry in China and South
Asia.” Ethnology 15: 163-74.
McDermott, Joseph [P.] (1990). “The Chinese Domestic Bursar.” Asian Cultural Studies
アジア文化研究 special issue: 13-30. [not seen]
McDermott, Joseph P. (2004). “Women of Property in China, 960-1368: A Survey of the
Scholarship.” International Journal of Asian Studies 1.2: 201-22.
McDougall, Bonnie S. (2006). “Enduring Fascination, Untutored Understanding: LoveLetters in China and Europe.” Monumenta Serica 54: 195-206. [Superseded by
McDougall (2015).]
McDougall, Bonnie S. (2015). “Infinite Variations of Writing and Desire: Love Letters
in China and Europe.” In Richter (2015), 546-81.
McLaren, Anne E. (1994). The Chinese Femme Fatale: Stories from the Ming Period.
57
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
University of Sydney, East Asian Series 8.
McLaren, Anne E. (2000). “The Oral and Ritual Culture of Chinese Women: Bridal
Lamentations of Nanhui.” Asian Folklore Studies 59: 205-38.
McLaren, Anne E. (2008). Performing Grief: Bridal Laments in Rural China. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press.
McLaren, Anne E. (2010). “Lamenting the Dead: Women’s Performance of Grief in Late
Imperial China.” In Fong and Widmer (2010), 49-77.
McMahon, [R.] Keith (1987). “Eroticism in Late Ming, Early Qing Fiction: The
Beauteous Realm and the Sexual Battlefield.” T’oung Pao 73.4-5: 217-64.
McMahon, [R.] Keith (1988). “A Case for Confucian Sexuality: The Eighteenth-Century
Novel Yesou puyan.” Late Imperial China 9.2: 32-55.
McMahon, [R.] Keith (1994a). “The Classic ‘Beauty-Scholar’ Romance and the
Superiority of the Talented Woman.” Body, Subject and Power in China. Ed. Angela
Zito and Tani E. Barlow. Chicago and London: University of Chicago Press. 227-52.
McMahon, R. Keith (1994b). “Shrews and Jealousy in Seventeenth- and EighteenthCentury Vernacular Fiction.” The Power of Culture: Studies in Chinese Cultural History.
Ed. Willard J. Peterson et al. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press. 304-20.
McMahon, [R.] Keith (1995). Misers, Shrews, and Polygamists: Sexuality and MaleFemale Relations in Eighteenth-Century Chinese Fiction. Durham, N.C.: Duke
University Press.
McMahon, [R.] Keith (2012). “Polygyny, Bound Feet, and Perversion.” In Graziani and
Lanselle (2012), 159-87.
McMahon, [R.] Keith (2013). Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in
China from Han to Liao. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield. [Supersedes articles
from the same year in Journal of Asian Studies and Nan Nü.]
McMahon, [R.] Keith (2016). Celestial Women: Imperial Wives and Concubines in
China from Song to Qing. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
McNair, Amy (2000). “On the Patronage by Tang-Dynasty Nuns at Wanfo Grotto,
Longmen.” Artibus Asiae 59.3/4: 161-88.
Meijer, M.J. (1981). “The Price of a p’ai-lou.” T’oung Pao 67.3-5: 288-304.
Meijer, M.J. (1985). “Homosexual Offenses in Ch’ing Law.” T’oung Pao 71: 109-33.
58
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Meijer, M.J. (1991). Murder and Adultery in Late Imperial China: A Study of Law and
Morality. Sinica Leidensia 25. Leiden: Brill, 1991.
Menegon, Eugenio (2004). “Child Bodies, Blessed Bodies: The Contest between
Christian Virginity and Confucian Chastity.” Nan Nü 6.2: 177-240.
Meng, Liuxi (Louis) (2007). Poetry as Power: Yuan Mei’s Female Disciple Qu Bingyun
(1767-1810). Lanham, Md.: Lexington.
Messner, Angelika C. (2007). “Qing as anthropinon: Experiences of Romantic Love and
Desire in 17th Century China.” In Santangelo, ed. (2007), 71-81.
Meyer, Charles (1986). Histoire de la femme chinoise. [Paris:] J.-C. Lattès.
Middendorf, Ulrike (2002). “Der Blick des Mannes: Bilder, Modelle und Topoi der Frau
in Texten der Zhou- und Han-Zeit.” Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 97.3: 341-48.
Middendorf, Ulrike (2004a). “Sängerinnen und Tänzerinnen der Han: Herkunft,
Sozialstatus, Tätigkeiten.” In Kralle and Schilling (2004), 149-251.
Middendorf, Ulrike (2004b). “Under Confucian Eyes: Ängste, Neurosen, Obsessionen.”
Orientalistische Literaturzeitung 99.4-5: 389-398.
Middendorf, Ulrike (2007). Resexualizing the Desexualized: The Language of Desire
and Erotic Love in the Classic of Poetry. Rivista degli studi orientali 78, Supplemento 3.
Pisa and Rome: Accademia Editoriale.
Milburn, Olivia (2010). “Gender, Sexuality, and Power in Early China: The Changing
Biographies of Lord Ling of Wei and Lady Nanzi.” Nan Nü 12.1 (2010): 1-29.
Milburn, Olivia (2013). “The Silent Beauty: Changing Portrayals of Xi Shi, from zhiguai
and Poetry to Ming Fiction and Drama.” Asia Major (third series) 26.1: 23-53.
Milburn, Olivia (2014). “Bodily Transformations: Responses to Intersex Individuals in
Early and Imperial China.” Nan Nü 16.1: 1-28.
Milburn, Olivia (2016). “Palace Women in the Former Han Dynasty (202 BCE-CE 23):
Gender and Administrational History in the Early Imperial Era.” Nan Nü 18.2: 195-223.
Milcinski, Maja (1997). “The Notion of Feminine in Asian Philosophical Traditions.”
Asian Philosophy 7.3: 195-205.
Miles, Steven B. (2006). “Strange Encounters on the Cantonese Frontier: Region and
Gender in Kuang Lu’s (1604-1650) Chiya.” Nan Nü 8.1: 115-55.
Miller, Alan L. (1995). “The Woman Who Married a Horse: Five Ways of Looking at a
59
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Chinese Folktale.” Asian Folklore Studies 54.2: 275-305.
Miller, Tracy (2007). The Divine Nature of Power: Chinese Ritual Architecture at the
Sacred Site of Jinci. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 62. Cambridge,
Mass., and London.
Min Jiayin, ed. (1995). The Chalice and the Blade in Chinese Culture: Gender Relations
and Social Models. Beijing: China Social Sciences Publishing House.
Möller, Hans-Georg, and Günter Wohlfahrt, eds. (2007). Liebe—Ost und West: Love in
Eastern and Western Philosophy. Reihe für Asiatische und Komparative Philosophie:
Neue Folge 1. Berlin: Parerga.
Mollier, Christine (2016). “Conceiving the Embryo of Immortality: ‘Seed People’ and
Sexual Rites in Early Taoism.” In Andreeva and Steavu (2016), 87-110.
Monschein, Ylva (1988). Der Zauber der Fuchsfee: Entstehung und Wandel eines
“Femme-fatale”-Motivs in der chinesischen Literatur. Heidelberger Schriften zur
Ostasienkunde 10. Frankfurt: Haag & Herchen.
Motsch, Monika (1999). “Göttin, Tigerin, überlegene Dienerin—Frauen in der
chinesischen Literatur.” In Übelhör (1999), 135-55.
Mou, Sherry J. (1999). “Writing Virtues with Their Bodies: Rereading the Two Tang
Histories’ Biographies of Women.” In Mou, ed. (1999), 109-47.
Mou, Sherry J. (2002). Gentlemen’s Prescriptions for Women’s Lives: A Thousand Years
of Biographies of Chinese Women. Eastgate. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
Mou, Sherry J., ed. (1999). Presence and Presentation: Women in the Chinese Literati
Tradition. The New Middle Ages 4. New York: St. Martin’s.
Mowry, Hua-yuan Li, tr. (1983). Chinese Love Stories from the “Ch’ing-shih.” Hamden,
Conn.: Archon. [“Ch’ing-shih” is 情史, by Feng Menglong.]
Mungello, D.E. (2008). Drowning Girls in China: Female Infanticide Since 1650.
Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield.
Murray, Dian (1981). “One Woman’s Rise to Power: Cheng I’s Wife and the Pirates.”
In Guisso and Johannesen (1981), 147-61.
Murray, Dian (1992). “The Practice of Homosexuality among the Pirates of Late
Eighteenth and Early Nineteenth Century China.” International Journal of Maritime
History 4.1: 121-30.
Murray, Julia K. (1988). “The Ladies’ Classic of Filial Piety and Sung Textual
60
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Illustration: Problems of Reconstruction and Artistic Context.” Ars Orientalis 18: 95-129.
Murray, Julia K. (1990). “Didactic Art for Women: The Ladies’ Classic of Filial Piety.”
In Weidner, ed. (1990), 27-53.
Murray, Julia K. (2001). “The Admonitions Scroll and Didactic Images of Women in
Early China.” Orientations 32.6: 35-40.
Nagel-Angermann, Monique (2002). “Die Hälfte des Himmels den Frauen!? Das
‘Konfuzianische Weltgericht’ und ‘vorbildliche Frauen’ vorgestellt von Liu Xiang bis
Huangfu Mi.” Und folge nun dem, was mein Herz begehrt: Festschrift für Ulrich Unger
zum 70. Geburtstag. Ed. Reinhard Emmerich et al. Hamburger Sinologische Schriften 8.
II, 577-608.
Naquin, Susan (1992). “The Peking Pilgrimage to Miao-feng Shan: Religious
Organizations and Sacred Site.” In Naquin and Yü (1992), 333-77.
Naquin, Susan, and Chün-fang Yü, eds. (1992). Pilgrims and Sacred Sites in China.
Studies on China 15. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Nelson, Eric S., and Liu Yang (2016). “The Yijing, Gender, and the Ethics of Nature.”
In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 267-88.
Nelson, Sarah Milledge (2002). “Ideology, Power, and Gender: Emergent Complex
Society in Northeastern China.” In Nelson and Ayalon (2002), 73-80.
Nelson, Sarah Milledge, and Myriam Rosen-Ayalon, eds. (2002). In Pursuit of Gender:
Worldwide Archaeological Approaches. Gender and Archaeology Series 1. Walnut
Creek, Calif.: Rowman & Littlefield, Altamira.
Ng, Vivian (1987). “Ideology and Sexuality: Rape Laws in Qing China.” Journal of
Asian Studies 46.1: 57-70.
Ng, Vivian (1989). “Homosexuality and the State in Late Imperial China.” Hidden from
History: Reclaiming the Gay and Lesbian Past. Ed. Martin Duberman et al. New York:
Meridian. 76-89.
Nienhauser, William H., Jr., ed. (1976). Critical Essays on Chinese Literature. Hong
Kong: Chinese University of Hong Kong.
Ning Qiang (2003). “Gender Politics in Medieval Chinese Buddhist Art: Images of
Empress Wu at Longmen and Dunhuang.” Oriental Art 49.2: 28-39.
Nugent, Christopher M.B. (2007). “The Lady and Her Scribes: Dealing with the Multiple
Dunhuang Copies of Wei Zhuang’s ‘Lament of the Lady of Qin.’” Asia Major (third
series) 20.2: 25-73.
61
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Nuyen, A.T. (2003). “Love and Respect in the Confucian Family.” In The Moral Circle
and the Self: Chinese and Western Approaches. Ed. Kim-chong Chong et al. (2003).
Chicago and La Salle: Open Court. 93-105.
Nyitray, Vivian-Lee (2000a). “Becoming the Empress of Heaven: The Life and
Bureaucratic Career of Mazu.” In Benard and Moon (2000), 165-80.
Nyitray, Vivian-Lee (2000b). “The Real Trouble with Confucianism.” Love, Sex and
Gender in the World Religions. Ed. Joseph Runzo and Nancy M. Martin. Oxford:
Oneworld. 181-200.
Nyitray, Vivian-Lee (2003-04). “Treacherous Terrain: Mapping Feminine Spirituality in
Confucian Worlds.” Confucian Spirituality. Ed. Tu Weiming and Mary Evelyn Tucker.
New York: Crossroad. II, 463-79.
Nyitray, Vivian-Lee (2007). “Fundamentalism and the Position of Women in
Confucianism.” Fundamentalism and Women in World Religions. Ed. Arvind Sharma
and Katherine K. Young. New York and London: T & T Clark. 47-76.
Nylan, Michael (2000). “Golden Spindles and Axes: Elite Women in the Achaemenid
and Han Empires.” In Chenyang Li, ed. (2000), 199-222.
Nylan, Michael (2005-06). “Notes on a Case of Illicit Sex from Zhangjiashan: A
Translation and Commentary.” Early China 30: 25-45.
Nylan, Michael (2013). “Families in the Classical Era (323 BCE-316 CE).” In
Silbergeld and Ching (2013), 143-98.
O’Hara, Albert Richard (1945). The Position of Woman in Early China. Catholic
University of America Studies in Sociology 16. Washington, D.C.
Ōki, Yasushi (1997). “Women in Feng Menglong’s Mountain Songs.” In Widmer and
Chang (1997), 131-43.
Ōki Yasushi and Paolo Santangelo, trs. (2011). Shan’ge, the Mountain Songs: Love
Songs in Ming China. Emotions and States of Mind in East Asia 2. Leiden: Brill.
Olson, Carl, ed. (2007). Celibacy and Religious Traditions. Oxford: Oxford University
Press.
Overmyer, Daniel L. (1991). “Women in Chinese Religions: Submission, Struggle,
Transcendence.” From Benares to Beijing: Essays on Buddhism and Chinese Religions
in Honour of Prof. Jan Yün-hua. Ed. Koichi Shinohara and Gregory Schopen. Oakville,
Ont.: Mosaic. 91-120.
62
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Owen, Stephen (1995). “What Did Liu Zhi Hear? The Yan Terrace Poems and the
Culture of Romance.” Tang Studies 13: 81-118.
Owen, Stephen (2005). “One Sight: The Han shu Biography of Lady Li.” In Knechtges
and Vance (2005), 239-59.
Ownby, David (2002). “Approximations of Chinese Bandits: Perverse Rebels, Romantic
Heroes, or Frustrated Bachelors?” In Brownell and Wasserstrom (2002), 226-50.
Paderni, Paola (1991). “Le rachat de l’honneur perdu: Le suicide des femmes dans la
Chine du XVIIIe siècle.” Études chinoises 10.1-2: 135-60.
Paderni, Paola (1995). “I Thought I Would Have Some Happy Days: Women Eloping in
Eighteenth-Century China.” Late Imperial China 16.1: 1-32.
Paderni, Paola (1996). “Alcuni casi di omosessualità nella Cina del XVIII secolo.” In
Carletti et al. (1996), II, 961-87.
Paderni, Paola (1999). “Between Constraints and Opportunities: Widows, Witches, and
Shrews in Eighteenth Century China.” In Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 258-85.
Paderni, Paola (2002). “Fighting for Love: Male Jealousy in Eighteenth Century China.”
Nan Nü 4.1: 35-69.
Palandri, Andrea Jung (1991). “Gender and Sexism in Chinese Language and
Literature.” Schriftfestschrift: Essays on Writing and Language in Honor of John
DeFrancis on His Eightieth Birthday. Ed. Victor H. Mair. Sino-Platonic Papers 27.
167-70.
Palmer, Martin, et al. (1995). Kuan Yin: Myths and Revelations of the Chinese Goddess
of Compassion. London: Thorsons.
Pan Yihong (1997). “Marriage Alliances and Chinese Princesses in International Politics
from Han through Tang.” Asia Major (third series) 10: 95-131.
Pang, Sunjoo (1977-78). “The Consorts of King Wu and King Wen in the Bronze
Inscriptions of Early China.” Monumenta Serica 33: 124-35.
Pang-White, Ann A. (2013). “Zhu Xi on Family and Women: Challenges and
Potentials.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 40.3-4: 436-55.
Pang-White, Ann A. (2016a). “Confucius and the Four Books for Women (Nü Sishu
《女四書》).” In Foust and Tan (2016), 17-39.
Pang-White, Ann A. (2016b). “Neo-Confucians and Zhu Xi on Family and Women:
Challenges and Potentials.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 69-87.
63
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Pang-White, Ann A. (2016c). “Non-Self, Agency, and Women: Buddhism’s Modern
Transformation.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 331-56..
Pang-White, Ann A., ed. (2016). The Bloomsbury Research Handbook of Chinese
Philosophy and Gender. Bloomsbury Research Handbooks in Asian Philosophy.
London.
Paper, Jordan (1990). “The Persistence of Female Deities in Patriarchal China.” Journal
of Feminist Studies in Religion 6.1: 25-40.
Paper, Jordan (1997). “Female Rituals and Female Priestly Roles in Traditional Chinese
Religion.” Canadian Woman Studies/Les Cahiers de la Femme 17.1: 96-99.
Paper, Jordan [et al.] (1997). Through the Earth Darkly: Female Spirituality in
Comparative Perspective. New York: Continuum.
Pas, Julian F. (1983). “Yin-Yang Polarity: A Binocular Vision of the World.” Asian
Thought and Society 8: 188-201.
Patt-Shamir, Galia (2009). “Learning and Women: Confucianism Revisited.” Journal of
Chinese Philosophy 36.2: 243-60.
Patt-Shamir, Galia (2010). “The Value in Storytelling: Women’s Life-Stories in
Confucianism and Judaism.” Dao 9.2: 175-91.
Patt-Shamir, Galia (2016). “To Beget and to Forget: On the Transformative Power of the
Two Feminine Images of dao in the Laozi.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 249-65.
Paul, Diana (1985). Women in Buddhism: Images of the Feminine in Mahāyāna
Tradition. 2nd edition. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Paul, Diana (1989). “Empress Wu and the Historians: A Tyrant and Saint of Classical
China.” Unspoken Worlds: Women’s Religious Lives. Ed. Nancy Auer Falk and Rita M.
Gross. 3rd edition. Belmont, Calif.: Wadsworth. 145-54.
Pearce, Scott (2009). “Nurses, Nurslings, and New Shapes of Power in the Mid-Wei
Court.” Asia Major (third series) 22.1: 287-309.
de Pee, Christian (2007a). “Words of Seduction, Lines of Resistance: Writing and
Gender in Zheng Xi’s Dream of Spring (1318).” Nan Nü 9.2: 247-83.
de Pee, Christian (2007b). The Writing of Weddings in Middle-Period China: Text and
Ritual Practice in the Eighth through Fourteenth Centuries. SUNY Series in Chinese
Philosophy and Culture. Albany.
64
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Peterson, Barbara Bennett, et al., eds. (2000). Notable Women of China: Shang Dynasty
to the Early Twentieth Century. Armonk, N.Y.: M.E. Sharpe.
Pfister, Rudolf (1997). “Sexuelle Körpertechniken in den medizinischen Manuskripten
aus Mawangdui.” Asiatische Studien 51.4: 1039-46.
Pfister, Rudolf (2006a). “The Jade Spring as a Source of Pleasure and Pain: The
Prostatic Experience in Ancient and Medieval Medical and Daoist Texts.” In Vogel et al.
(2006), 88-106.
Pfister, Rudolf (2006b). “The Production of Special Mental States within the Framework
of Sexual Body Techiques—As Seen in the Mawangdui Medical Corpus.” In Santangelo
and Guida (2006), 180-94.
Pfister, Rudolf (2007). “Der Milchbaum und die Physiologie der weiblichen Ejakulation:
Bemerkungen über Papiermaulbeer- und Feigenbäume im Süden Altchinas.” Asiatische
Studien 61.3: 813-44.
Pfister, Rudolf (2012). “Gendering Sexual Pleasures in Early and Medieval China.”
Asian Medicine 7.1: 34-64.
Pfister, Rudolf, tr. (2003). Der beste Weg unter dem Himmel: Sexuelle Körpertechniken
aus dem alten China. Zurich: Museum Rietberg.
Pissin, Annika (2012). “Women in the Tang Dynasty: Prescribed, Dependent and Scary.”
In Stafutti and Sabattini (2012), 41-70.
Pomeranz, Kenneth (1997). “Power, Gender, and Pluralism in the Cult of the Goddess of
Taishan.” Culture and State in Chinese History: Conventions, Accommodations, and
Critiques. Ed. Theodore Huters et al. Stanford: Stanford University Press. 182-204.
Pomeranz, Kenneth (2007). “Orthopraxy, Orthodoxy, and the Goddess(es) of Taishan.”
Modern China 33:1: 22-46.
Prazniak, Roxann (1999). Of Camel Kings and Other Things: Rural Rebels against
Modernity in Late Imperial China. Lanham, Md.: Rowman & Littlefield, 1999.
Pregadio, Fabrizio (2016). “Creation and Its Inversion: Cosmos, Human Being, and Elixr
in the Cantong qi (The Seal of the Unity of the Three).” In Andreeva and Steavu (2016),
186-211.
Ptak, Roderich (2001). “Huai Ying: Grätsche zwischen Qin und Jin.” In Schilling and
Kralle (2001), 25-52.
Ptak, Roderich (2004). “Die Dame Zhuang von Qi.” In Kralle and Schilling (2004), 4765.
65
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Qian, Nanxiu (2001). Spirit and Self in Medieval China: The Shih-shuo hsin-yü and Its
Legacy. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Qian, Nanxiu (2003). “Women’s Roles in Wei-Chin Character Appraisal as Reflected in
Shih-shuo hsin-yü.” In Kroll and Knechtges (2003), 259-302.
Qian, Nanxiu (2011). “Lienü versus xianyuan: The Two Biographical Traditions in
Chinese Women’s History.” In Judge and Hu (2011), 70-87.
Queen, Sarah A. (2016). “Beyond Liu Xiang’s Gaze: Debating Womanly Virtue in
Ancient China.” Asia Major (third series) 29.2: 7-46. [On representations of Song Boji
宋伯姬.]
Rainey, Lee [D.] (1996). “The Secret Writing of Chinese Women: Religious Practice and
Beliefs.” The Annual Review of Women in World Religions, Vol. 4. Ed. Arvind Sharma
and Katherine K. Young. Albany: State University of New York Press. 130-63.
Rainey, Lee D. (2010). “Women in the Chinese Traditions.” Women and Religious
Traditions. Ed. Leona M. Anderson and Pamela Dickey Young. 2nd edition. Oxford:
Oxford University Press. 107-36.
Raphals, Lisa [A.] (1998a). Sharing the Light: Representations of Women and Virtue in
Early China. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany.
Raphals, Lisa [A.] (1998b). “The Treatment of Women in a Second-Century Medical
Casebook.” Chinese Science 15: 7-28.
Raphals, Lisa [A.] (2000). “Gendered Virtue Reconsidered: Notes from the Warring
States and Han.” In Chenyang Li, ed. (2000), 223-47.
Raphals, Lisa [A.] (2001). “Arguments by Women in Early Chinese Texts.” Nan Nü 3.2:
157-95.
Raphals, Lisa [A.] (2002a). “Gender and Virtue in Greece and China.” Journal of
Chinese Philosophy 29.3: 415-36.
Raphals, Lisa A. (2002b). “A Woman Who Understood the Rites.” Confucius and the
Analects: New Essays. Ed. Bryan W. Van Norden. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
275-302.
Raphals, Lisa [A.] (2012). “How the HIstory of Women in Early China Intersects with
the History of Science in Early China.” In Ho (2012), 35-59.
Rappa, Antonio, and Sor-hoon Tan (2003). “Political Implications of Confucian
Familism.” Asian Philosophy 13.2-3: 87-102.
66
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
de Rauw, Tom (2005). “Baochang: Sixth-Century Biographer of Buddhist Monks ... and
Nuns?” Journal of the American Oriental Society 125.2: 203-18.
Rawski, Evelyn S. (1991). “Ch’ing Imperial Marriage and Problems of Rulership.” In
Watson and Ebrey (1991), 170-203.
Rawson, Philip S. (1968). Erotic Art of the East: The Sexual Theme in Oriental Painting
and Sculpture. New York: Putnam.
Raz, Gil (2011). The Emergence of Daoism: Creation of Tradition. Routledge Studies in
Taoism 3. London and New York. [Contains a chapter entitled “The Yellow and the Red:
Controversies over Sexual Practice.”]
Raz, Gil (2014). “Birthing the Self: Metaphor and Transformatoin in Medieval Daoism.”
In Jia et al., (2014), 183-200.
Reed, Barbara [E.] (1987). “Taoism.” In Sharma (1987), 161-83.
Reed, Barbara E. (1992). “The Gender Symbolism of Kuan-yin Bodhisattva.” In
Cabezón (1992), 159-80.
Reed, Carrie E. (2007). “The Lecherous Old Man and the Maiden in the Box.” Journal
of the American Oriental Society 127.1: 41-55.
Rexroth, Kenneth, and Ling Chung, trs. (1979). Li Ch’ing-chao: Complete Poems. New
York: New Directions.
Richter, Antje, ed. (2015). A History of Chinese Letters and Epistolary Culture.
Handbuch der Orientalistik IV.31. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Robertson, Maureen (1992). “Voicing the Feminine: Constructions of the Gendered
Subject in Lyric Poetry by Women of Medieval and Late Imperial China.” Late Imperial
China 13.1: 63-110.
Robertson, Maureen (1997). “Changing the Subject: Gender and Self-Inscription in
Authors’ Prefaces and Shi Poetry.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 171-217.
Robertson, Maureen (2010). “Literary Authorship by Late Imperial Governing-Class
Chinese Women and the Emergence of a ‘Minor Literature.’” In Fong and Widmer
(2010), 375-86.
Robinet, Isabelle (1988). “Sexualité et taoïsme.” Sexualité et religion. Ed. Marcel
Bernos. Paris: du Cerf. 51-71.
Rocha, Leon Antonio (2011). “Scientia Sexualis versus Ars Erotica: Foucault, Van Gulik,
67
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Needham.” Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences
42.3: 328-43.
Rocha, Leon Antonio (2012). “The Way of Sex: Joseph Needham and Jolan Chang.”
Studies in History and Philosophy of Biological and Biomedical Sciences 43.3: 611-26.
Rochat de la Vallée, Elisabeth (2007). The Essential Woman: Female Health and
Fertility in Chinese Classical Texts. N.p.: Monkey.
Roddy, Stephen J. (2014). “Groves of Ambition, Gardens of Desire: Rulin waishi and the
Fate of the Portrait of Jiuqing.” Nan Nü 16.2: 239-73.
Rode, Penny (2004). “Textile Production and Female Status in Bronze Age Yunnan.” In
Linduff and Sun (2004), 315-38.
Rohrer, Maria (1996). “Das Bild der Frau in der Dichtung Tao Yuanmings.”
Chinesisches Selbstverständnis und kulturelle Identität, “Wenhua Zhongguo”: Referate
der 6. Jahrestagung 1995 der Deutschen Vereinigung für Chinastudien (DVCS).
Ed.Christiane Hammer and Bernhard Führer. Edition Cathay 22. Dortmund: Projekt.
51-67.
Rohrer, Maria (1998). “Zum Verhältnis von Frau und Natur in der Dichtung Tao
Yuanmings (365-427 n. Chr.).” Annäherung an das Fremde: XXVI. Deutscher
Orientalistentag vom 25. bis 29. 9. 1995 in Leipzig. Ed. Holger Preissler and Heidi Stein.
Zeitschrift der Deutschen Morgenländischen Gesellschaft: Supplement 11. Stuttgart:
Franz Steiner. 543-47.
Rohrer, Maria (1999). “Fiktion oder Wirklichkeit? Die poetische Stimme der Kaiserin
Yang (1162-1232).” In Übelhör (1999), 96-118.
Ropp, Paul S. (1976). “Seeds of Change: Reflections on the Condition of Women in
Early and Mid Ch’ing China.” Signs 2: 5-23.
Ropp, Paul S. (1985). “Between Two Worlds: Women in Shen Fu’s Six Chapters of a
Floating Life.” In Gerstlacher et al. (1985), 98-140.
Ropp, Paul S. (1992). “A Confucian View of Women in the Ch’ing Period—Literati
Laments for Women in the Ch’ing Shi tuo.” Hanxue yanjiu 10.2: 399-435.
Ropp, Paul S. (1993). “Love, Literacy, and Laments: Themes of Women Writers in Late
Imperial China.” Women’s History Review 2.1: 107-41.
Ropp, Paul S. (1994). “Women in Late Imperial China: A Review of Recent EnglishLanguage Scholarship.” Women’s History 3: 347-83.
Ropp, Paul S. (1997). “Ambiguous Images of Courtesan Culture in Late Imperial
68
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
China.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 17-45.
Ropp, Paul S. (1999). “‘Now Cease Painting Eyebrows, Don a Scholar’s Cap and Pin’:
The Frustrated Ambition of Wang Yun, Gentry Woman Poet and Dramatist.” Ming
Studies 40: 86-110.
Ropp, Paul S. (2001a). Banished Immortal: Searching for Shuangqing, China’s Peasant
Woman Poet. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
Ropp, Paul S. (2001b). “Passionate Women: Female Suicide in Late Imperial China—
Introduction.” Nan Nü 3.1: 3-21.
Ropp, Paul S. (2006). “The Price of Passion in Three Tragic Heroines of the Mid-Qing:
Shuangqing, Lin Daiyu, and Chen Yun.” In Santangelo and Middendorf, eds. (2006),
203-28.
Ropp, Paul S., et al., eds. (2001). Passionate Women: Female Suicide in Late Imperial
China. Leiden: Brill. [Reprint of Nan Nü 3.1.]
Rorex, Robert A., and Wen Fong, trs. (1974). Eighteen Songs of a Nomad Flute: The
Story of Lady Wen-chi, a Fourteenth-Century Handscroll in the Metropolitan Museum of
Art. New York: Metropolitan Museum of Art.
Rosemont, Henry, Jr. (1997). “Classical Confucian and Contemporary Feminist
Perspectives on the Self: Some Parallels and Their Implications.” Culture and Self:
Philosophical and Religious Perspectives, East and West. Ed. Douglas Allen. Boulder,
Colo.: Westview. 63-82.
Rosenlee, Li-Hsiang Lisa (2006). Confucianism and Women: A Philosophical
Interpretation. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany.
Rosenlee, Li-Hsiang Lisa (2010). “A Feminist Appropriation of Confucianism.”
Confucianism in Context: Classic Philosophy and Contemporary Issues, East Asia and
Beyond. Ed. Wonsuk Chang and Leah Kalmanson. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy
and Culture. Albany. [Not seen.]
Rosenlee, Li-Hsiang Lisa (2016). “Multiculturalism and Feminism Revisited: A
Hybridized Confucian Care Ethic.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 157-71.
Rosner, Erhard (1985). “Frauen als Anführerinnen chinesischer Sekten.” Religion und
Philosophie in Ostasien: Festschrift für Hans Steininger zum 65. Geburtstag. Ed. Gert
Naundorf et al. Würzburg: Königshausen + Neumann. 239-46.
Rossabi, Morris (1989). “Kuan Tao-sheng: Woman Artist in Yüan China.” Bulletin of
Sung-Yüan Studies 21: 67-84.
69
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Rothschild, Norman Harry (2006). “An Inquiry into Reign Era Changes under Wu Zhao,
China’s Only Female Emperor.” Early Medieval China 12. [Not seen.]
Rothschild, N[orman] Harry (2008). Wu Zhao: China’s Only Woman Emperor. The
Library of World Biography. New York: Pearson Longman.
Rothschild, Norman Harry (2010). “Empress Wu and the Queen Mother of the West.”
Journal of Daoist Studies 3: 29-56.
Rothschild, Norman Harry (2014). Rhetoric of the Loom: Discursive Weaving Women in
Chinese and Greek Traditions. Sino-Platonic Papers 244.
Rothschild, N[orman] Harry (2015a). Emperor Wu Zhao and Her Pantheon of Devis,
Divinities, and Dynastic Mothers. Sheng Yen Series in Chinese Buddhist Studies. New
York: Columbia University Press.
Rothschild, N[orman] Harry (2015b). “‘Her Influence Great, Her Merit beyond Measure’:
A Translation and Initial Investigation of the Epitaph of Shangguan Wan’er.” Studies in
Chinese Religions 1.2: 131-48. [Shangguan Wan’er 上官婉兒 (664-710) was an imperial
consort and associate of Empress Wu.]
Rousselle, Erwin (1941). “Die Frau in Gesellschaft und Mythos der Chinesen.” Sinica
14: 130-51.
Rouzer, Paul F. (1989). “Watching the Voyeurs: Palace Poetry and the Yuefu of Wen
Tingyun.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 11: 13-34.
Rouzer, Paul F. (2001). Articulated Ladies: Gender and Male Community in Early
Chinese Texts. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 53. Cambridge, Mass.
Rowe, Sharon, and James D. Sellmann (2000). “Ecological Feminism and Daoism.”
Asian Culture Quarterly 28.4: 11-26.
Rowe, William T. (1992). “Women and the Family in Mid-Qing Social Thought: The
Case of Ch’en Hung-mou.” Late Imperial China 13.2: 1-41.
Roy, David T[od] (1959). “The Theme of the Neglected Wife in the Poetry of Ts’ao
Chih.” Journal of Asian Studies 19: 25-31.
Roy, David Tod, tr. (1993-2013). The Plum in the Golden Vase, or Chin P’ing Mei. 5
vols. Princeton Library of Asian Translations.
Ruan, Fang-fu (1991). Sex in China: Studies in Sexology in Chinese Culture.
Perspectives in Sexuality: Behavior, Research, and Therapy. New York and London:
Plenum.
70
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Ruan, Fang-fu, and Yung-mei Tsai (1987). “Male Homosexuality in the Traditional
Chinese Literature.” Journal of Homosexuality 14.3-4: 21-33.
Ruitenbeek, Klaas (1999). “Mazu, the Patroness of Sailors, in Chinese Pictorial Art.”
Artibus Asiae 58.3-4: 281-329.
Russell, T.C. (1997). “The Spiritualization of Feminine Virtue: Religion and Social
Conservatism in the Late Qing.” East Asian Cultural and Historical Perspectives:
Histories and Society/Culture and Literatures. Ed. Steven Tötösy de Zepetnek and
Jennifer W. Jay. Edmonton: Research Institute for Comparative Literature. 135-51.
Ryor, Kathleen M. (2005). “Fleshly Desires and Bodily Deprivations: The Somatic
Dimensions of Xu Wei’s Flower Paintings.” In Wu and Tsiang (2005), 121-45.
Sabattini, Elisa (2009). “Prenatal Instructions and Moral Education of the Crown Prince
in the Xinshu by Jia Yi.” Oriens Extremus 48: 71-86.
Sabattini, Elisa (2012). “Donne di potere durante l’Impero Han: Il caso dell’Imperatrice
Lu.” In Stafutti and Sabattini (2012), 13-40.
Samei, Maija Bell (2004). Gendered Persona and Poetic Voice: The Abandoned Woman
in Early Chinese Song Lyrics. Lanham, Md.: Lexington.
Sangren, P. Steven (1983). “Female Gender in Chinese Religious Symbols: Kuan Yin,
Ma Tsu, and the ‘Eternal Mother.’” Signs 9.1: 4-25.
Santangelo, Paolo (2003). Sentimental Education in Chinese History: An
Interdisciplinary Textual Research on Ming and Qing Sources. Sinica Leidensia 60.
Leiden: Brill.
Santangelo, Paolo (2006). “‘Wanton Lust of the Skin’ 皮膚濫淫, ‘Lust of Intent’ 意淫,
‘True Love’ 真情.” In Santangelo and Middendorf, eds. (2006), 183-202.
Santangelo, Paolo, ed. (2007). Passioni d’Oriente: Eros ed emozioni nelle civiltà
asiatiche: Sezione Asia orientale. Rivista degli studi orientali (nuova serie) 78,
Supplemento 2. Pisa and Rome: Istituti Editoriali e Poligrafici Internazionali.
Santangelo, Paolo, ed., in cooperation with Ulrike Middendorf (2006). From Skin to
Heart: Perceptions of Emotions and Bodily Sensations in Traditional Chinese Culture.
Lun Wen: Studien zur Geistesgeschichte und Literatur in China 11. Wiesbaden:
Harrassowitz.
Santangelo, Paolo, and Donatella Guida, eds. (2006). Love, Hatred, and Other Passions:
Questions and Themes on Emotions in Chinese Civilization. Leiden: Brill.
Satyendra, Indira (1993). “Metaphors of the Body: The Sexual Economy of the Chin
71
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
P’ing Mei tzu-hua.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 15: 85-97.
Saussy, Haun (1997). “Women’s Writing before and within the Hong lou meng.” In
Widmer and Chang (1997), 285-305.
Scarpari, Maurizio (1980). “Lo status giuridico della donna cinese nel periodo
imperiale.” In Lanciotti, ed. (1980), 79-94.
Scarpari, Maurizio (1995). “The Juridical Status of Chinese Women in the Imperial
Period.” Tr. Salvatore Mele. Review of Culture 24: 95-105.
Scarpari, Maurizio, and Tiziana Lippiello, eds. (2005). Caro maestro …: Scritti in onore
di Lionello Lanciotti per l’ottantesimo compleanno. Venezia: Cafoscarina.
Schaab-Hanke, Dorothee (1999). “Kaiserinnen auf dem Prüfstand: Die Regierung Lü
Zhis und Wang Zhengjuns im Urteil zweier Historiker der Han-Zeit.” In Übelhör (1999),
1-36.
Schafer, Edward H. (1973). The Divine Woman: Dragon Ladies and Rain Maidens in
T’ang Literature. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Schafer, Edward H. (1977). “The Restoration of the Shrine of Wei Hua-ts’un at Linch’uan in the Eighth Century.” Journal of Oriental Studies 15: 124-38.
Schafer, Edward H. (1978a). “The Capeline Cantos: Verses on the Divine Love of Taoist
Priestesses.” Asiatische Studien 32: 5-65.
Schafer, Edward H. (1978b). “The Jade Women of Greatest Mystery.” History of
Religions 17: 387-97.
Schafer, Edward H. (1979). “Three Divine Women of South China.” Chinese Literature:
Essays, Articles, Reviews 1: 31-42.
Schafer, Edward H. (1985). “The Princess Realized in Jade.” T’ang Studies 3: 1-23.
Schilling, Dennis (2001). “Das Bekenntnis der Herzogin.” In Schilling and Kralle
(2001), 75-116.
Schilling, Dennis (2004). “Protagonistinnen im Zyklus der Wanderungen des Chonger:
Eine Studie zur Narratologie des Zuo zhuan.” In Kralle and Schilling (2004), 67-92.
Schilling, Dennis, and Jianfei Kralle, eds. (2001). Die Frau im alten China: Bild und
Wirklichkeit. Münchener Ostasiatische Studien 77. Stuttgart: Franz Steiner.
Schipper, Kristofer (1993). The Taoist Body. Tr. Karen C. Duval. Berkeley: University
of California Press, 1993.
72
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Schonebaum, Andrew, and Tina Lu, eds. (2012). Approaches to Teaching The Story of
the Stone (Dream of the Red Chamber). Approaches to Teaching World Literature 120.
New York: Modern Language Association of America.
Schwermann, Christian, and Wang Ping (2015). “Female Human Sacrifice in ShangDynasty Oracle-Bone Inscriptions.” International Journal of Chinese Character Studies
1.1: 49-83.
Seaton, Jerome P. (1976). “Mother Ch’en Instructs Her Sons: A Yüan Farce and Its
Implications.” In Nienhauser, ed. (1976), 147-57.
Sellmann, James D., and Sharon Rowe (1998). “The Feminine in Confucius.” Asian
Culture Quarterly 26.3: 1-8.
Shang Wei (2003). “‘Jin Ping Mei’ and Late Ming Print Culture.” In Zeitlin et al., eds.
(2003), 187-238.
Sharma, Arvind, ed. (1987). Women in World Religions. McGill Studies in the History
of Religions. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Sharma, Arvind, ed. (2000). Women Saints in World Religions. McGill Studies in the
History of Religions. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Sharma, Arvind, and Katherine K. Young, eds. (1999). Feminism and World Religions.
McGill Studies in the History of Religions. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Shaughnessy, Edward L. (1997). Before Confucius: Studies in the Creation of the
Chinese Classics. SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany.
Shelach, Gideon (2004). “Marxist and Post-Marxist Paradigms for the Neolithic.” In
Linduff and Sun (2004), 11-27.
Shelach, Gideon (2008). “He Who Eats the Horse, She Who Rides It? Symbols of
Gender Identity on the Eastern Edges of the Eurasian Steppe.” In Linduff and Rubinson
(2008), 93-109.
Sheng, Angela (2012). “Women’s Work, Virtue and Space: Change from Early to Late
Imperial China.” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 36: 9-38.
Shi Jie (2015). “The Overseeing Mother: Revisiting the Frontal-Pose Lady in the Wu
Family Shrines in Second-Century China.” Monumenta Serica 63.2: 263-93.
Shih, Fang-long (2015). “Reading Gender and Religion in East Asia: Family Formations
and Cultural Transformations.” Routledge Handbook of Religions in Asia. Ed. Bryan S.
Turner and Oscar Salemink. Abingdon, U.K., and New York. [Not seen.]
73
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Shusterman, Richard (2012). Thinking through the Body: Essays in Somaesthetics.
Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. [Contains a chapter on “Asian ars erotica and
the Question of Sexual Aesthetics.”]
Sibau, Maria Franca (2016). “Maids, Fishermen, and Storytellers: Rewriting Marginal
Characters in Early Qing Drama and Fiction.” CHINOPERL 35.1. [Not seen.]
Sié Kang (1937). L’amour maternel dans la littérature féminine en Chine. Paris: A.
Pedone.
Silbergeld, Jerome, and Dora C.Y. Ching, eds. (2013). The Family Model in Chinese Art
and Culture. Princeton: P.Y. and Kinmay W. Tang Center for East Asian Art and
Department of Art and Archaeology, Princeton University.
Siu, Helen F. (1990). “Where Were the Women? Rethinking Marriage Resistance and
Regional Culture in South China.” Late Imperial China 11.2: 32-62.
Smith, Paul J. (1998). “Fear of Gynarchy in an Age of Chaos: Kong Qi’s Reflections on
Life in South China under Mongol Rule.” Journal of the Economic and Social History of
the Orient 41.1: 1-95.
Sommer, Matthew H. (1996). “The Uses of Chastity: Sex, Law, and the Property of
Widows in Qing China.” Late Imperial China 17.2: 77-130.
Sommer, Matthew H. (1997). “The Penetrated Male in Late Imperial China: Judicial
Construction and Social Stigma.” Modern China 23.2: 140-80.
Sommer, Matthew H. (2000). Sex, Law, and Society in Late Imperial China. Law,
Society, and Culture in China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Sommer, Matthew H. (2002). “Dangerous Males, Vulnerable Males, and Polluted Males:
The Regulation of Masculinity in Qing Dynasty Law.” In Brownell and Wasserstrom
(2002), 67-88.
Sommer, Matthew H. (2005). “Making Sex Work: Polyandry as a Survival Strategy in
Qing Dynasty China.” In Goodman and Larson (2005), 29-54.
Sommer, Matthew H. (2007). “Was China Part of a Global Eighteenth-Century
Homosexuality?” Historical Reflections/Réflexions Historiques 33.1: 117-33.
Sommer, Matthew H. (2010). “Abortion in Late Imperial China: Routine Birth Control
or Crisis Intervention?” Late Imperial China 31.2: 97-165.
Sommer, Matthew H. (2012). “Scandal in the Garden: The Story of the Stone as a
‘Licentious Novel.’” In Schonebaum and Lu (2012), 186-207.
74
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Sommer, Matthew H. (2013). “The Gendered Body in the Qing Courtroom.” Journal of
the History of Sexuality 22.2: 281-311.
Sommer, Matthew H. (2015). Polyandry and Wife-Selling in Qing Dynasty China:
Survival Strategies and Judicial Interventions. Oakland: University of California Press.
Song Geng (2002). “Jasper-Like Face and Rosy Lips: An Intertextual Reading of the
Effeminate Male Body in Pre-Modern Chinese Romances.” Tamkang Review 33.1: 77111.
Song Geng (2004). The Fragile Scholar: Power and Masculinity in Chinese Culture.
Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press.
Soullière, E[llen] (1988). “The Imperial Marriages of the Ming Dynasty.” Papers in Far
Eastern History 37: 3-30.
Soullière, Ellen (1992). “Imperial Women in the History of the Ming Dynasty (13681644).” Stereotypes of Women in Power: Historical Perspectives and Revisionist Views.
Ed. Barbara Garlick et al. Contributions in Women’s Studies 125. New York:
Greenwood. 121-40.
Soullière, Ellen (2016). “The Writing and Rewriting of History: Imperial Women and
the Succession in Ming China, 1368-1457.” Ming Studies 73: 2-29.
Spade, Beatrice (1979). “The Education of Women in China during the Southern
Dynasties.” Journal of Asian History 13.1: 15-41.
Spiro, Audrey (2003). “Of Noble Ladies and Notable Conventions: The Search for Gu
Kaizhi.” In Kroll and Knechtges (2003), 213-57.
Spring, Madeline K. (2005). “Recollections of a Fleeting Romance: The Wang Jingbo
Narrative.” Early Medieval China 10-11.2: 1-41.
Stafutti, Stefania, and Elisa Sabattini, eds. (2012). La Cina al femminile: Il ruolo della
donna nella cultura cinese. Asia orientale 10. Rome: Aracne.
Starr, Chloë (2007). “The Aspirant Genteel: The Courtesan and Her Image Problem.” In
Berg and Starr (2007), 155-75.
Steavu, Dominic (2016). “Cosmos, Body, and Gestation in Taoist Meditation.” In
Andreeva and Steavu (2016), 111-46.
Stevenson, Mark (2010). “Sound, Space and Moral Soundscapes in Ruyijun zhuan and
Chipozi zhuan.” Nan Nü 12.2: 255-310.
75
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Stevenson, Mark, and Wu Cuncun, eds. (2013). Homoeroticism in Imperial China: A
Sourcebook. New York: Routledge.
Stone, Charles R. (2003). The Fountainhead of Chinese Erotica: The Lord of Perfect
Satisfaction (Ruyijun zhuan). Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Struve, Lynn A. (2013). “Song Maocheng’s Matrixes of Mourning and Regret.” Nan Nü
15.1: 69-108.
Stumpfeldt, Hans (2008). “War für Konfuzius eine Frau kein Mensch? Einige offene
Fragen bei der Lektüre von Lun-yü 8.20.” Oriens Extremus 47: 66-80.
Su Yongqian (2017). “An Exploration of the Queen Mother of the West from the
Perspective of Comparative Mythology.” Tr. Kathryn Henderson. Journal of Chinese
Humanities 3: 72-90.
Sukhu, Gopal, tr. (2011). The Unbridled Lust and Untimely Death of Prince Hailing:
The Long-Suppressed Novella of Ming Dynasty China. New Haven: Henry R. Schwab.
[A translation of Hailingwang huangyin 海陵王荒淫.]
Sun Chengjuan (2014). “From Amused Indulgence to Serious Instruction: Chinese
Poetry on Girlhood.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 36: 95-123.
Sun, Yan, and Hongyu Yang (2004). “Gender Ideology and Mortuary Practice in
Northwestern China.” In Linduff and Sun (2004), 29-46.
Sun Xiao and Pan Shaoping (1995). “Order and Chaos: The Social Position of Men and
Women in the Qin, Han and Six Dynasties Period.” In Min (1995), 226-69.
Sun, Xiaosu (2016). “Liu Qingti’s Canine Rebirth and Her Ritual Career as the Heavenly
Dog: Recasting Mulian’s Mother in baojuan (Precious Scrolls) Recitation.”
CHINOPERL 35.1. [Not seen.]
Sung, Marina H. (1981). “The Chinese Lieh-nü Tradition.” In Guisso and Johannesen
(1981), 63-74.
Sung, Marina H. (1994). The Narrative Art of Tsai-Sheng-Yüan: A Feminist Vision in
Traditional Confucian Society. Asian Library Series 48. Taipei: Chinese Materials
Center.
Swann, Nancy Lee (1931). “Biography of the Empress Têng: A Translation from the
Annals of the Later Han Dynasty (Hou Han Shu, chüan 10a).” Journal of the American
Oriental Society 51: 138-59.
Swann, Nancy Lee (1932). Pan Chao: Foremost Woman Scholar of China. New York
and London: Century. Rpt: Michigan Classics in Chinese Studies 5. Ann Arbor, 2001.
76
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Swantek, Holly (2015). “A Female’s Defense of Confucianism.” A World in Discourse:
Converging and Diverging Expressions of Value. Ed. Sydney Morrow and Matthew Izor.
Newcastle, U.K.: Cambridge Scholars. 23-34.
Szonyi, Michael (1998). “The Cult of Hu Tianbao and the Eighteenth-Century Discourse
of Homosexuality.” Late Imperial China 19.1: 1-25.
Szonyi, Michael (2007). “The Virgin and the Chinese State: The Cult of Wang Yulan
and the Politics of Local Identity on Jinmen (Quemoy).” Asian Ritual Systems:
Syncretisms and Ruptures. Ed. Pamela J. Stewart and Andrew Strathern. Durham, N.C.:
Carolina Academic. 183-208. [Not seen.]
Tai Yen-hui (1978). “Divorce in Traditional Chinese Law.” In Buxbaum (1978), 75-106.
Takahashi, Yoshirō, and Matthew Fraleigh (2015). “Orphaned Daughters: On the SoCalled Property Rights of Daughters in the Southern Song Period.” International Journal
of Asian Studies 12.2: 131-65.
Tamburello, Giusi, ed. (2012). Concepts and Categories of Emotions in East Asia.
Lingue e letterature Carocci 139. Rome. [Not seen.]
Tan, Sor-Hoon (2004). “Filial Daughters-in-Law: Questioning Confucian Filiality.” In
Chan and Tan (2004), 226.
Tanaka, Tomoyuki (2012). “View of Emotions in Jin Ping Mei: Perceptions of the
‘Moods’ and Their Expression.” In Tamburello (2012). [Not seen.]
Tao, Chia-lien Pao (1991). “Chaste Widows and Institutions to Support Them in Late
Qing China.” Asia Major (third series) 4.1: 101-19.
Tao, Chia-lien Pao (1992). “Women and Jealousy in Traditional China.” Zhongguo
jinshi shehui wenhua shilun wenji. Taipei: Institute of History and Philology, Academia
Sinica.
Tao, Julia Po-Wah Lai (2000). “Two Perspectives of Care: Confucian Ren and Feminist
Care.” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 27.2: 215-40.
Tavor, Ori (2016). “Authoring Virile Bodies: Self-Cultivation and Textual Production in
Early China.” Studies in Chinese Religions 2.1: 45-65.
Tay, C.N. (1976). “Kuan-yin: The Cult of Half Asia.” History of Religions 16: 147-74.
Teng, Jinhua Emma (1990). “Religion as a Source of Oppression and Creativity for
Chinese Women.” Funü yu liangxing xuekan 婦女與兩性學刊 1: 165-94.
77
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Teng, Jinhua Emma (1996). “The Construction of the ‘Traditional Chinese Woman’ in
the Western Academy: A Critical Review.” Signs 22.1: 115-51.
Teschke, Richard (2001). “Zwei Frauen im Lie nü zhuan und Yan zi chun qiu.” In
Schilling and Kralle (2001), 117-34.
Thatcher, Melvin P. (1991). “Marriages of the Ruling Elite in the Spring and Autumn
Period.” In Watson and Ebrey (1991), 25-57.
Theiss, Janet [M.] (2001). “Managing Martyrdom: Female Suicide and Statecraft in MidQing China.” Nan Nü 3.1: 47-76.
Theiss, Janet M. (2002). “Femininity in Flux: Gendered Virtue and Social Conflict in the
Mid-Qing Courtroom.” In Brownell and Wasserstrom (2002), 47-66.
Theiss, Janet M. (2005). Disgraceful Matters: The Politics of Chastity in EighteenthCentury China. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
Theiss, Janet [M.] (2007). “Explaining the Shrew: Narratives of Spousal Violence and
the Critique of Masculinity in Eighteenth-Century Criminal Cases.” In Hegel and Carlitz
(2007), 44-63.
Theiss, Janet [M.] (2009). “Love in a Confucian Climate: The Perils of Intimacy in
Eighteenth-Century China.” Nan Nü 11.2: 197-233.
Theiss, Janet [M.] (2015). “The Letter as Artifact of Sentiment and Legal Evidence.” In
Richter (2015), 508-45.
Tian, Xiaofei (2009). “Woman in the Tower: ‘Nineteen Old Poems’ and the Poetics of
Un/concealment.” Early Medieval China 15: 3-21.
T’ien, Ju-k’ang (1988). Male Anxiety and Female Chastity: A Comparative Study of
Chinese Ethical Values in Ming-Ch’ing Times. T’oung Pao: Monographie 14. Leiden:
Brill.
Trauzettel, Rolf (2005). “Die innere Grenzziehung zwischen moralischer und triebhafter
Natur in der traditionellen chinesischen Anthropologie als Modell äußerer Grenzziehung
zwischen Männern und Frauen sowie Chinesen und Barbaren.” Grenzen des
Menschseins: Probleme einer Definition des Menschlichen. Ed. Justin Stagl and
Wolfgang Reinhard. Veröffentlichungen des “Instituts für Historische Anthropologie
e.V.” 8. Vienna: Böhlau. 621-38.
Tri, Christine Nguyen, and Catherine Despeux, eds. (2003-4). Education et instruction
en Chine. 3 vols. Bibliothèque de l’INALCO 4-6. Paris and Louvain: Peeters.
Tsai, Kathryn A[nn] (1981). “The Chinese Buddhist Monastic Order for Women: The
78
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
First Two Centuries.” In Guisso and Johannesen (1981), 1-20.
Tsai, Kathryn Ann, tr. (1994). Lives of the Nuns: Biographies of Chinese Buddhist Nuns
from the Fourth to the Sixth Centuries. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Tsai, S-C Kevin (2004). “Ritual and Gender in the ‘Tale of Li Wa.’” Chinese Literature:
Essays, Articles, Reviews 26: 99-127.
Tsai, Shih-shan Henry (2002). “Eunuch Power in Imperial China.” Eunuchs in Antiquity
and Beyond. Ed. Shaun Tougher. London: Duckworth. 221-33.
Tung, Jowen R. (2000). Fables for the Patriarchs: Gender Politics in Tang Discourse.
Lanham, Md.: Rowman and Littlefield.
Tunstall, Alexandra (2012). “Beyond Categorization: Zhu Kerou’s Tapestry Painting
Butterfly and Camellia.” East Asian Science, Technology, and Medicine 36: 39-76. [On
朱克柔, fl. 12th cent.]
Twitchett, Denis (2003). “Chen gui and Other Works Attributed to Empress Wu Zetian.”
Asia Major (third series) 16.1: 33-109.
Übelhör, Monika, ed. (1999). Frauenleben im traditionellen China: Grenzen und
Möglichkeiten einer Rekonstruktion. Schriften der Universitätsbibliothek Marburg 94.
Marburg, Germany.
Umekawa, Sumiyo (2005). “Tiandi yinyang jiaohuang dalefu and the Art of the
Bedchamber.” In Lo and Cullen (2005), 252-77.
Valussi, Elena (2008). “Female Alchemy and Paratext: How to Read nüdan in a
Historical Context.” Asia Major (third series) 21.2: 153-93.
Valussi, Elena (2009). “Blood, Tigers, Dragons: The Physiology of Transcendence for
Women.” Asian Medicine 4.1: 46-85.
Valussi, Elena (2014). “Female Alchemy: Transformation of a Gendered Body.” In Jia
et al. (2014), 201-24.
Vandermeersch, Léon (1991). “Le mariage suivant le ritualisme confucianiste.”
Confucianisme et sociétés asiatiques. Ed. Yuzô Mizoguchi and Léon Vandermeersch.
Recherches Asiatiques. Paris: L’Harmattan. 53-68.
Vankeerberghen, Griet (2014). “A Sexual Order in the Making: Wives and Slaves in
Early Imperial China.” Sex, Power, and Slavery. Ed. Gwyn Campbell and Elizabeth
Elbourne. Athens: Ohio University Press. 121-39.
Virág, Curie (2007). “The Artist as Philosopher: Eros and the Search for Unity in the
79
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Thought of Su Shi.” In Santangelo, ed. (2007), 61-69.
Vitiello, Giovanni (1992). “The Dragon’s Whim: Ming and Qing Homoerotic Tales from
The Cut Sleeve.” T’oung Pao 78.4-5: 341-72.
Vitiello, Giovanni (1996). “The Fantastic Journey of an Ugly Boy: Homosexuality and
Salvation in Late Ming Pornography.” Positions 4.2: 291-320.
Vitiello, Giovanni (2000a). “Exemplary Sodomites: Chivalry and Love in Late Ming
Culture.” Nan Nü 2.2: 207-58.
Vitiello, Giovanni (2000b). “The Forgotten Tears of the Lord of Longyang: Late Ming
Stories of Male Prostitution and Connoisseurship.” Linked Faiths: Essays on Chinese
Religions and Traditional Culture in Honour of Kristofer Schipper. Ed. Jan A.M. de
Meyer and Peter M. Engelfriet. Sinica Leidensia 46. Leiden: Brill. 227-47.
Vogel, Hans Ulrich, et al., eds. (2006). Studies on Ancient Chinese Scientific and
Technical Texts: Proceedings of the 3rd ISACBRST, March 31-April 3, 2003, Tübingen,
Germany. Zhengzhou: Elephant.
Vogelsang, Kai (2001). “Mit den Waffen der Frauen …: Alliancen und Mésalliancen in
der Chun qiu-Zeit.” In Schilling and Kralle (2001), 1-23.
Vogelsang, Kai (2004). “Schlechte Leute und gute Musikantinnen: Über Stoffe, Motive
und die Konstruktion von Geschichte im Alten China.” In Kralle and Schilling (2004),
111-47.
Volpp, Sophie (1994). “The Discourse on Male Marriage: Li Yu’s ‘A Male Mencius’s
Mother.’” Positions 2.1: 113-32.
Volpp, Sophie (2001). “Classifying Lust: The Seventeenth-Century Vogue for Male
Love.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 61.1: 77-117.
Volpp, Sophie (2003). “The Literary Consumption of Actors in Seventeenth-Century
China.” In Zeitlin et al., eds. (2003), 133-83.
Volpp, Sophie (2005). “The Gift of a Python Robe: The Circulation of Objects in Jin
Ping Mei.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 65.1: 133-58.
Wade, Geoff (2004). “Lady Sinn and the Southward Expansion of China in the Sixth
Century.” Guangdong: Archaeology and Early Texts (Zhou-Tang). Ed. Shing Müller et
al. South China and Maritime Asia 13. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz. 125-50.
Wagner, Marsha L. (1985). “Maids and Servants in Dream of the Red Chamber:
Individuality and the Social Order.” In Hegel and Hessney (1985), 251-81.
80
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Walravens, Hartmut, ed. (2002). Der Fuchs in Kultur, Religion und Folklore Zentralund Ostasiens. Asiatische Forschungen 141. 2 vols. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz.
Walthall, Anne, ed. (2008). Servants of the Dynasty: Palace Women in World History.
California World History Library. Berkeley, 2008.
Waltner, Ann (1981). “Widows and Remarriage in Ming and Early Qing China.” In
Guisso and Johannesen (1981), 129-46.
Waltner, Ann (1986). “The Moral Status of the Child in Late Imperial China: Childhood
in Ritual and Law.” Social Research 53.4: 667-87.
Waltner, Ann (1987). “Visionary and Bureaucrat in Late Ming: T’an-yang-tzu and Wang
Shih-chen.” Late Imperial China 8: 105-27.
Waltner, Ann (1989). “On Not Becoming a Heroine: Lin Daiyu and Cui Yingying.”
Signs 15.1: 61-78.
Waltner, Ann (1990). Getting an Heir: Adoption and the Construction of Kinship in Late
Imperial China. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Waltner, Ann (1991). “Learning from a Woman: Ming Literati Responses to
Tanyangzi.” International Journal of Social Education 6.1: 42-59.
Waltner, Ann (1992). “The Grand Secretariat’s Family: Three Generations of Women in
the Family of Wang Hsi-chüeh.” Family Process and Political Process in Modern
Chinese History 近世家族與政治比較歷史論文集. Taipei: Institute of Modern History,
Academia Sinica. 543-77. [Not seen.]
Waltner, Ann (1995). “Infanticide and Dowry in Ming and Early Qing China.” In
Kinney (1995), 193-217.
Waltner, Ann (1997). “Writing Her Way Out of Trouble: Li Yuying in History and
Fiction.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 221-41.
Waltner, Ann (2011). “Life and Letters: Reflections on Tanyangzi.” In Judge and Hu
(2011), 212-29.
Waltner, Ann (2015). “Les Noces chinoises: An Eighteenth-Century French
Representation of a Chinese Wedding Procession.” In Bossler (2015), 21-39.
Waltner, Ann, and Pi-ching Hsu (1997). “Lingering Fragrance: The Poetry of Tu Yaose
and Shen Tiansun.” Journal of Women’s History 8.4: 28-51.
Wang Chuanman (2012). “On Variations in Huizhou Women’s Chastity Behaviors
During the Ming and Qing Dynasties.” Chinese Studies in History 45.4: 43-57.
81
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Wang, Ellie Hua (2016). “Moral Reasoning: The Female Way and the Xunzian Way.”
In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 141-56.
Wang, Jiaosheng (1989). The Complete Ci-Poems of Li Qingzhao: A New English
Translation. Sino-Platonic Papers 13.
Wang, Kuo-ying (2005). “Poetry of Palace Plaint of the Tang: Its Potential and
Limitations.” In Knechtges and Vance (2005), 260-84.
Wang Ping (2000). Aching for Beauty: Footbinding in China. Minneapolis: University
of Minnesota Press.
Wang, Richard G. (2011). Ming Erotic Novellas: Genre, Consumption, and Religiosity
in Cultural Practice. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
Wang, Robin R. (2005). “Dong Zhongshu’s Transformation of yin-yang Theory and
Contesting of Gender Identity.” Philosophy East and West 55.2: 209-31.
Wang, Robin R. (2006). “Virtue 德 (de), Talent 才 (cai), and Beauty 色 (se): Authoring
a Full-Fledged Womanhood in Lienüzhuan 列女傳 (Biographies of Women).” Confucian
Cultures of Authority. Ed. Peter D. Hershock and Roger T. Ames. SUNY Series in
Asian Studies Development. Albany. 93-115.
Wang, Robin R. (2009). “Kundao 坤道: A Lived Body in Female Daoism.” Journal of
Chinese Philosophy 36.2: 277-92.
Wang, Robin R. (2012). Yinyang: The Way of Heaven and Earth in Chinese Thought and
Culture. New Approaches to Asian History 11. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Wang, Robin R. (2015). “Yinyang Narrative of Reality: Chinese Metaphysical
Thinking.” Chinese Metaphysics and Its Problems. Ed. Chenyang Li and Franklin
Perkins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. 16-32.
Wang, Robin R. (2016). “Yinyang Gender Dynamics: Lived Bodies, Rhythmical
Changes, and Cultural Performances.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 205-27.
Wang, Robin R., ed. (2003). Images of Women in Chinese Thought and Culture:
Writings from the Pre-Qin Period through the Song Dynasty. Indianapolis and
Cambridge, Mass.: Hackett.
Wang, Shuo (2004). “The Selection of Women for the Qing Imperial Harem.” Chinese
Historical Review 11.2: 212-22.
Wang, Shuo (2008). “Qing Imperial Women: Empresses, Concubines, and Aisin Gioro
Daughters.” In Walthall (2008), 137-58.
82
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Wang Sixiang (2012). “The Filial Daughter of Kwaksan: Finger Severing, Confucian
Virtues, and Envoy Poetry in Early Chosŏn.” Seoul Journal of Korean Studies 25.2: 175212.
Wang, Yanning (2014a). “Fashioning Voices of Their Own: Three Ming-Qing Women
Writers’ Uses of Qu Yuan’s Persona and Poetry.” Nan Nü 16.1: 59-90.
Wang, Yanning (2014b). Reverie and Reality: Poetry on Travel by Late Imperial
Chinese Women. Lanham, Md.: Lexington.
Wang, Ying (2004). “Rank and Power among Court Ladies at Anyang.” In Linduff and
Sun (2004), 95-113.
Wang Yun (2008). A Dream of Glory: Fanhua meng. Tr. Qingyun Wu. Hong Kong:
Chinese University Press. [Translation of Fanhua meng 繁華夢, a chuanqi by the female
playwright Wang Yun 王筠 (1749-1819).]
Wangling, Jinghua (2016). “From Reflection to Desire: Fifth- through Ninth-Century
Poetry on ‘Observing Female Entertainers.’” Frontiers of Literary Studies in China 10.2:
287-317.
Watson, James (1985). “Standardizing the Gods: The Promotion of T’ien Hou (‘Empress
of Heaven’) along the South China Coast, 960-1960.” Popular Culture in Late Imperial
China. Ed David Johnson et al. Studies on China 4. Berkeley: University of California
Press. 292-324.
Watson, Rubie S. (1991). “Afterword: Marriage and Gender Inequality.” In Watson and
Ebrey (1991), 347-68.
Watson, Rubie S. (1996). “Chinese Bridal Laments: The Claims of a Dutiful Daughter.”
Harmony and Counterpoint: Ritual Music in Chinese Context. Ed. Bell Yung et al.
Stanford: Stanford University Press. 107-29.
Watson, Rubie S., and Patricia Buckley Ebrey, eds. (1991). Marriage and Inequality in
Chinese Society. Studies on China 12. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wawrytko, Sandra A. (1989). “Beyond Liberation: Overcoming Gender Mythology from
a Taoist Perspective.” Religious Issues and Interreligious Dialogues: An Analysis and
Sourcebook of Developments since 1945. Ed. Charles Wei-hsun Fu and Gerhard E.
Spiegler. New York: Greenwood Press. 105-22.
Wawrytko, Sandra A. (2000a). “Kongzi as Feminist: Confucian Self-Cultivation in a
Contemporary Context.” Journal Chinese Philosophy 27.2: 171-86.
Wawrytko, Sandra A. (2000b). “Prudery and Prurience: Historical Roots of the
83
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Confucian Conundrum Concerning Women, Sexuality, and Power.” In Chenyang Li, ed.
(2000), 163-97.
Wawrytko, Sandra A. (2009). “Buddhism: Philosophy beyond Gender.” Journal of
Chinese Philosophy 36.2: 293-312.
Wawrytko, Sandra A. (2016). “Buddhist Nondualism: Deconstructing Gender and Other
Delusions of the Discriminating Mind through Awareness.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016),
307-30.
Wee, Cecilia (2003). “Mencius, the Feminine Perspective, and Impartiality.” Asian
Philosophy 13.1: 3-13.
Wee, Cecilia (2007). “HsunTzu on Family and Familial Relations.” Asian Philosophy
17.2: 127-39.
Wei, Karen T. (1984). Women in China: A Selected and Annotated Bibliography.
Bibliographies and Indexes in Women’s Studies 1. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.
Weidner, Marsha (1988). “Women in the History of Chinese Painting.” In Weidner et al.
(1988), 13-29.
Weidner, Marsha (1990). “The Conventional Success of Ch’en Shu.” In Weidner, ed.
(1990), 123-56.
Weidner, Marsha, ed. (1990). Flowering in the Shadows: Women in the History of
Chinese and Japanese Painting. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Weidner, Marsha, et al. (1988). Views from Jade Terrace: Chinese Women Artists, 13001912. Indianapolis Museum of Art.
Weingarten, Oliver (2009). “Confucius and Pregnant Women: An Investigation into the
Intertextuality of the Lunyu.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 129.4: 597-618.
White, Barbara-Sue, ed. (2003). Chinese Women: A Thousand Pieces of Gold. Oxford:
Oxford University Press. [An anthology of mostly unattributed translations.]
Widmer, Ellen (1989). “The Epistolary World of Female Talent in Seventeenth-Century
China.” Late Imperial China 10.2: 1-43.
Widmer, Ellen (1992). “Xiaoqing’s Literary Legacy and the Place of the Woman Writer
in Late Imperial China.” Late Imperial China 13.1: 111-55.
Widmer, Ellen (1997). “Ming Loyalism and the Woman’s Voice in Fiction after Hong
lou meng.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 366-96.
84
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Widmer, Ellen (1999). “The Trouble with Talent: Hou Zhi (1764-1829) and Her Tanci
Zaizaotian of 1828.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 21: 131-50.
Widmer, Ellen (2006). “Extreme Makeover: Daiyu and Baochai in Two Early Sequels to
Honglou Meng.” Nan Nü 8.2: 290-315.
Widmer, Ellen (2007). “Gentility in Transition: Travels, Novels, and the New guixiu.”
In Berg and Starr (2007), 21-44.
Widmer, Ellen (2009). “Guangdong’s Talented Women of the Eighteenth Century.” In
Van Crevel et al. (2009), 293-309.
Widmer, Ellen (2010). “Retrieving the Past: Women Editors and Women’s Poetry, 16361941.” In Fong and Widmer (2010), 81-105.
Widmer, Ellen (2011). “Women as Biographers in Mid-Qing Jiangnan.” In Judge and
Hu (2011), 246-61.
Widmer, Ellen (2012). “Gazetteers and the Talented Woman.” In Ho (2012), 261-78.
Widmer, Ellen (2014). “Women and Textual Production in Late Imperial China.” In
Shirley Chan et al. (2014), 125-55.
Widmer, Ellen (2015). “Letters as Windows on Ming-Qing Women’s Literary Culture.”
In Richter (2015), 744-74.
Widmer, Ellen, and Kang-i Sun Chang, eds. (1997). Writing Women in Late Imperial
China. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Wile, Douglas (1992). Art of the Bedchamber: The Chinese Sexual Yoga Classics
Including Women’s Solo Meditation Texts. Albany: State University of New York Press.
Williams, Nicholas Morrow (2012). “Pan Yue’s ‘Study of a Widow’ and Its
Predecessors.” Journal of the American Oriental Society 132.3: 347-65.
Wiles, Sue (2014). “The Daoist Aunt: Xu Baoguang.” In Shirley Chan et al. (2014),
261-84.
Wilms, Sabine (2005a). “‘Ten Times More Difficult to Treat’: Female Bodies in Medical
Texts from Early Imperial China.” Nan Nü 7.2: 182-215. Reprinted in Leung (2006),
74-107.
Wilms, Sabine (2005b). “The Transmission of Medical Knowledge on ‘Nurturing the
Fetus’ in Early China.” Asian Medicine 1.2: 276-314.
Wilms, Sabine (2006). “The Formation of Textual Knowledge in the Development of
85
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Medieval Chinese Gynecology: The Sources for the Second through Fourth Scrolls of
Sun Simiao’s Beiji qianjin yaofang.” In Vogel et al. (2006), 107-20.
Wilms, Sabine, tr. (2008). Bei Ji Qian Jin Yao Fang: Prescriptions Worth a Thousand in
Gold for Every Emergency. [Not seen.]
Wimsatt, Genevieve (1936). Selling Wilted Peonies: Biography and Songs of Yü Hsuanchi, T’ang Poetess. New York: Columbia University Press.
Wimsatt, Genevieve (1939). Apricot Cheeks and Almond Eyes. New York: Columbia
University Press.
Wimsatt, Genevieve (1954). A Well of Fragrant Waters: A Sketch of the Life and
Writings of Hung Tu. Boston: John W. Luce.
Wing, Sherin (2003). “Technology, Commentary and the Admonitions for Women.”
Journal of International Women’s Studies 5.1: 42-66.
Wixted, John Timothy (1994). “The Poetry of Li Ch’ing-chao: A Woman Author and
Women’s Authorship.” In Yu, ed. (1994), 145-68.
Wolf, Margery (1994). “Beyond the Patrilineal Self: Constructing Gender in China.”
Self as Person in Asian Theory and Practice. Ed. Roger T. Ames et al. 251-67.
Wolf, Margery, and Roxane Witke, eds. (1975). Women in Chinese Society. Studies in
Chinese Society. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Wong, Dorothy (2000). “Women as Buddhist Art Patrons during the Northern and
Southern Dynasties (386-581).” Between Han and Tang: Religious Art and Archaeology
in a Transformative Period 漢唐之間的宗教藝術與考古. Ed. Wu Hong 巫鴻. Beijing:
Wenwu Press. 535-66.
Wong, Dorothy (2007). “Guanyin Images in Medieval China, Fifth to Eighth Centuries.”
Bodhisattva Avalokiteśvara (Guanyin) and Modern Society 觀世音菩薩與現代社會：第
五屆中國國際佛學會議中文論文集. Ed. Huang Yixun 黃繹勳 and William Magee.
Fojiao huiyi lunwen huibian 5. Taipei: Fagu wenhua shiye. 254-302.
Wong, Ka F. (2007). “The Anatomy of Eroticism: Reimagining Sex and Sexuality in the
Late Ming Novel Xiuta Yeshi.” Nan Nü 9.2: 284-329.
Wong Kam-ming (1985). “Point of View and Feminism: Images of Women in
Hongloumeng.” In Gerstlacher et al. (1985), 29-97.
Woo, Terry [Tak-ling] (1999). “Confucianism and Feminism.” In Sharma and Young
(1999), 110-47.
86
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Woo, Terry Tak-ling (2002). “The Nü-hsiao ching [sic]: A Handbook on SelfCultivation for Women.” Studies in Religion 31.2: 131-43.
Woo, Terry Tak-ling (2009). “Emotions and Self-Cultivation in Nü Lunyu 女論語
(Woman’s Analects).” Journal of Chinese Philosophy 36.2: 334-47.
Woo, Terry Tak-ling (2016). “Discourses on Women from the Classical Period to the
Song: An Integrated Approach.” In Pang-White, ed. (2016), 37-68.
Workman, Michael E. (1976). “The Bedchamber Topos in the tz’u Songs of Three
Medieval Chinese Poets: Wen T’ing-yün, Wei Chuang, and Li Yü.” In Nienhauser, ed.
(1976). 167-86.
Wright, David Curtis (2011). “A Chinese Princess Bride’s Life and Activism among the
Eastern Türks, 580-593 CE.” Journal of Asian History 45: 39-48.
Wrisley, George, and Samantha Wrisley (2016). “Beyond Sexism: The Need for an
Intersectional Approach to Confucianism.” In Foust and Tan (2016), 69-97.
Wu Cuncun (2003). “‘Beautiful Boys Made Up as Beautiful Girls’: Anti-Masculine
Taste in Qing China.” Asian Masculinities: The Meaning and Practice of Manhood in
China and Japan. Ed. Kam Louie and Morris Low. London: Routledge Curzon. 19-40.
Wu Cuncun (2004). Homoerotic Sensibilities in Late Imperial China. Asian Studies
Association of Australia (ASAA) East Asia Series. London: Routledge Curzon.
Wu Cuncun (2010). “‘It Was I Who Lured the Boy’: Commoner Women, Intimacy and
the Sensual Body in the Song Collections of Feng Menglong (1574-1646).” Nan Nü 12.2:
311-43.
Wu Fusheng (1997). “Decadence in Chinese Literature: Xiao Gang’s (蕭綱) Palace Style
Poetry.” Chinese Studies 漢學研究 15.1: 351-95.
Wu, H. Laura (2002). “Through the Prism of Male Writing: Representation of Lesbian
Love in Ming-Qing Literature.” Nan Nü 4.1: 1-34.
Wu Hung (1987). “Xiwang mu: The Queen Mother of the West.” Orientations 18.4: 2433.
Wu Hung (1995). “Private Love and Public Duty: Images of Children in Early Chinese
Art.” In Kinney (1995), 79-110.
Wu Hung (1997). “Beyond Stereotypes: The Twelve Beauties in Qing Court Art and the
Dream of the Red Chamber.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 306-65.
Wu Hung and Katherine R. Tsiang, eds. (2005). Body and Face in Chinese Visual
87
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Culture. Harvard East Asian Monographs 239. Cambridge, Mass., and London.
Wu, I-hsien (2017). “Lust as Prerequisite: Eroticism in The Story of the Stone.” Journal
of Chinese Literature and Culture 4.1: 129-59.
Wu, Jin (2003). “From ‘Long Yang’ and ‘Dui Shi’ to Tongzhi: Homosexuality in China.”
Journal of Gay and Lesbian Psychotherapy 7.1-2: 117-43.
Wu, Jui-man (2004). “The Late Neolithic Cemetery at Dadianzi, Inner Mongolia
Autonomous Region.” In Linduff and Sun (2004), 47-91.
Wu, Pei-yi (2002). “Yang Miaozhen: A Woman Warrior in Thirteenth-Century China.”
Nan Nü 4.2: 137-69.
Wu Qingyun (1995). Female Rule in Chinese and English Literary Utopias. Syracuse:
Syracuse University Press.
Wu Qingyun, tr. (2007). A Dream of Glory (Fanhua meng): A Chuanqi Play by Wang
Yun. Hong Kong: Chinese University Press.
Wu, Xiaolong (2004). “Female and Male Status Displayed at the Maoqinggou
Cemetery.” In Linduff and Sun (2004), 203-35.
Wu, Yenna (1988). “The Inversion of Marital Hierarchy: Shrewish Wives and
Henpecked Husbands in Seventeenth-Century Chinese Literature.” Harvard Journal of
Asiatic Studies 48.2: 363-82.
Wu, Yenna (1995a). The Chinese Virago: A Literary Theme. Harvard-Yenching
Institute Monograph Series 40. Cambridge, Mass.
Wu, Yenna (1995b). The Lioness Roars: Shrew Stories from Late Imperial China.
Cornell East Asia Series 81. Ithaca, N.Y.
Wu, Yi-li (2000). “The Bamboo Grove Monastery and Popular Gynecology in Qing
China.” Late Imperial China 21.1: 41-76.
Wu, Yi-li (2002). “Ghost Fetuses, False Pregnancies, and the Parameters of Medical
Uncertainty in Classical Chinese Gynecology.” Nan Nü 4.2: 170-206.
Wu, Yi-li (2009). “The Gendered Medical Iconography of the Golden Mirror (Yuzuan
yizong jinjian 御纂醫宗金鑑, 1742).” Asian Medicine 4.2: 452-91.
Wu, Yi-li (2010). Reproducing Women: Medicine, Metaphor, and Childbirth in Late
Imperial China. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Wu, Yulian (2015a). “Collecting Masculinity: Merchants and Gender Performance in
88
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Eighteenth-Century China.” In Bossler (2015), 59-82.
Wu, Yulian (2015b). “‘Let People See and Be Moved’: Stone Arches and the Chastity
Cult in Huizhou during the High Qing Era.” Nan Nü 17.1: 117-63.
Wyatt, Don J. (1999). “Bonds of Certain Consequence: The Personal Responses to
Concubinage of Wang Anshi and Sima Guang.” In Mou, ed. (1999), 215-37.
Xiao Wei (2007-8). “Caring: Confucianism, Feminism, and Christian Ethics.” Tr. Ole
Döring and Xiao Wei. Contemporary Chinese Thought 39.2: 32-48.
Xing Tie (2009). “Widows’ Lives and Rights over Family Property in the Tang and Song
Dynasties.” Tr. Yang Kai-chien. Frontiers of History in China 4.1: 39-73.
Xiong, Victor (1999). “Ji-Entertainers in Tang Chang’an.” In Mou, ed. (1999), 149-69.
Xu, Jay (2013). “Family and Gender in Burial Custom: The Case of the Western Zhou
Aristocracy.” In Silbergeld and Ching (2013), 93-142.
Xu, Man (2016). Crossing the Gate: Everyday Lives of Women in Song Fujian (9601279). SUNY Series in Chinese Philosophy and Culture. Albany.
Xu, Peng (2014). “Courtesan vs. Literatus: Gendered Soundscapes and Aesthetics in
Late-Ming Singing Culture.” T’oung Pao 100.4-5: 404-59.
Xu Peng (2016). “The Music Teacher: The Professionalization of Singing and the
Development of Erotic Vocal Style during Late Ming China.” Harvard Journal of
Asiatic Studies 75.2: 259-97.
Xu, Sufeng (2006). “The Rhetoric of Legitimation: Prefaces to Women’s Poetry
Collections from the Song to the Ming.” Nan Nü 8.2: 255-89.
Xu, Sufeng (2013). “Domesticating Romantic Love during the High Qing Classical
Revival: The Poetic Exchanges between Wang Zhaoyuan (1763-1851) and Her Husband
Hao Yixing (1757-1829).” Nan Nü 15.2: 219-64.
Xu Yongming (2011). “A New Candidate for Authorship of the Jin Ping Mei: Bai Yue
白悅 (1499-1551).” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 33: 55-74.
Yan, Jinfen (1997). “The Images of the Feminine in Confucianism and Feminist
Strategies for an Inclusive Philosophy.” Asian Journal of Women’s Studies 3:4: 7497.
Yan, Jinfen (2004a). “A Feminine Expression of Mysticism, Romanticism and
Syncretism in a Plaint of Lady Wang.” Creeds, Rites and Videotapes: Narrating
Religious Experience in East Asia. Ed. Elise Anne DeVido and Benoit Vermander.
89
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Variétés Sinologiques 93. Taipei: Ricci Institute. 49-72.
Yan, Jinfen (2004b). “Wisdom in Women’s Religious Experience and Existential
Choice.” Wisdom in China and the West. Ed. Vincent Shen and Willard Oxtoby.
Chinese Philosophical Studies 22; Cultural Heritage and Contemporary Change III.22.
Washington, D.C.: Council for Research in Values and Philosophy. 385-406.
Yan Yaozhong (2012). “Buddhist Discipline and the Family Life of Tang Women.”
Chinese Studies in History 45.4: 24-42.
Yang, Binbin (2016). Heroines of the Qing: Exemplary Women Tell Their Stories.
Seattle: University of Washington Press.
Yang, Haihong (2016). “The Female Recluse: The Trope of Withdrawal and SelfRepresentation in Poems by Two Late Ming/Early Qing Women Writers.” Nan Nü 18.2:
257-90.
Yang, Lien-sheng (1960-61). “Female Rulers in Imperial China.” Harvard Journal of
Asiatic Studies 23: 47-61.
Yao, Alice (2013). “Engendering Ancestors through Death Ritual in Ancient China.”
The Oxford Handbook of the Archaeology of Death and Burial. Ed. Sarah Tarlow and
Liv Nilsson Stutz. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 581-96.
Yao, Ping (2000). “The Fascination with qing in Mid-Tang China: A Study of the
Writings of Bo Juyi (772-846).” Chinese Historians 10: 93-121.
Yao, Ping (2002a). “The Status of Pleasure: Courtesans and Literati Connections in
T’ang China (618-906).” Journal of Women’s History 14.2: 26-53.
Yao, Ping (2002b). “Until Death Do Us Unite: Minghun Practice in Tang China (618906).” Journal of Family History 27.3: 207-26.
Yao, Ping (2005). “Childbirth and Maternal Mortality in Tang China (618-907).”
Chinese Historical Review 12.2: 263-86.
Yao, Ping (2007). “Contested Virtue: The Daoist Investiture of Princesses Jinxian and
Yuzhen and the Journey of Tang Imperial Daughters.” T’ang Studies 22: 1-41.
Yao, Ping (2008). “Good Karmic Connections: Buddhist Mothers in Tang China.” Nan
Nü 10.1: 57-85.
Yao, Ping (2011a). “Cousin Marriages in Tang China (618-907).” The Chinese
Historical Review 18.1: 25-55.
Yao, Ping (2011b). “Women’s Epitaphs in Tang China.” In Judge and Hu (2011), 139-
90
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
57.
Yao, Ping (2012). “Women in Portraits: An Overview of Epitaphs from Early and
Medieval China.” In Ho (2012), 157-83.
Yao, Ping (2013). “Historicizing Great Bliss: Erotica in Tang China (618-907).” Journal
of the History of Sexuality 22.2: 207-29.
Yao, Ping (2014). “Tang Women in the Transformation of Buddhist Filiality.” In Jia et
al. (2014), 25-46.
Yao, Ping (2015). “Changing Views on Sexuality in Early and Medieval China.”
Journal of Daoist Studies 8: 53-69.
Yates, Robin D.S. (2005). “Medicine for Women in Early China: A Preliminary
Survey.” Nan Nü 7.2: 127-81. Reprinted in Leung (2006), 19-73.
Yates, Robin D.S. (2009). Women in China from Earliest Times to the Present: A
Bibliography of Studies in Western Languages. Women and Gender in China Studies 1.
Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Yates, Robin D.S. (2011). “Soldiers, Scribes, and Women: Literacy among the Lower
Orders in Early China.” In Li and Branner (2011), 339-69.
Yau Shun-chiu (1990). “Nü-se [女色] ‘femme-couleur’: Comportements corporels à
partir des formes.” Cahiers de linguistique: Asie orientale 19.2: 253-66.
Yi Jo-lan (2012). “Social Status, Gender Division and Institutions: Sources Relating to
Women in Chinese Standard Histories.” In Ho (2012), 131-55.
Yi Jo-lan (2014). “Gender and Sericulture Ritual Practice in Sixteenth-Century China.”
Journal of Asian History 48.2: 281-302.
Yimen (1997). Dreams of Spring: Erotic Art in China. Amsterdam and Kuala Lumpur:
Pepin.
Yonemoto, Marcia (2015). “Homemaking as Placemaking: Women in Elite Households
in Early Modern Japan and Late Imperial China.” Asia Inside Out: Connecting Places.
Ed. Eric Tagliacozzo et al. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press. 169-94.
Yong, Ying (2004). “Gender, Status, Ritual Regulations, and Mortuary Practice in the
State of Jin.” In Linduff and Sun (2004), 161-202.
Young, David, and Jiann I. Lin, trs. (1998). The Clouds Float North: The Complete
Poems of Yu Xuanji. Hanover, N.H.: Wesleyan University Press.
91
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Yu, Anthony C. (1980). “Self and Family in the Hung-lou Meng: A New Look at Lin
Tai-yü as Tragic Heroine.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 2.2: 199- 223.
Yü, Chün-fang (2001). Kuan-yin: The Chinese Transformation of Avalokiteśvara.
IASWR Series. New York: Columbia University Press.
Yu, Pauline, ed. (1994). Voices of the Song Lyric in China. Studies on China 18.
Berkeley: University of California Press.
Yue, Isaac (2013). “Tasting the Lotus: Food, Drink, and the Objectification of the
Female Body in Gold, Vase, and Plum Blossom.” Scribes of Gastronomy:
Representations of Food and Drink in Imperial Chinese Literature. Hong Kong: Hong
Kong University Press. 97-111.
Zamperini, Paola (2001). “Untamed Hearts: Eros and Suicide in Late Imperial Chinese
Fiction.” Nan Nü 3.1: 77-104.
Zamperini, Paola (2010). Lost Bodies: Prostitution and Masculinity in Chinese Fiction.
Women and Gender in China Studies 3. Leiden and Boston: Brill.
Zang, Jian (2003). “Women and the Transmission of Confucian Culture in Song China.”
In Ko et al. (2003), 123-41.
Zeitlin, Judith T. (1994). “Shared Dreams: The Story of the Three Wives’ Commentary
on The Peony Pavilion.” Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies 54.1: 127-79.
Zeitlin, Judith T. (1997). “Embodying the Disembodied: Representations of Ghosts and
the Feminine.” In Widmer and Chang (1997), 242-63.
Zeitlin, Judith T. (2003). “Disappearing Verses: Writing on Walls and Anxieties of
Loss.” In Zeitlin et al., eds. (2003), 73-132.
Zeitlin, Judith T. (2007). The Phantom Heroine: Ghosts and Gender in SeventeenthCentury Chinese Literature. Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press.
Zeitlin, Judith T. (2013). “The Pleasures of Print: Illustrated Songbooks from the Late
Ming Courtesan World.” Gender in Chinese Music. Ed. Rachel Harris et al.
Eastman/Rochester Studies in Ethnomusicology. Rochester, N.Y.: University of
Rochester Press. 41-65.
Zeitlin, Judith T., et al., eds. (2003). Writing and Materiality in China: Essays in Honor
of Patrick Hanan. Harvard-Yenching Institute Monograph Series 58. Cambridge, Mass.,
and London.
Zhan, Heying Jenny (1996). “Chinese Femininity and Social Control: Gender-Role
Socialization and the State.” Journal of Historical Sociology 9.3: 269-89.
92
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Zhan, Heying Jenny, and Roger W. Bradshaw (1996). “Book of Analects for Women:
Consort Song (Tang).” Journal of Historical Sociology 9.3: 261-68. [Reprinted as
“Texts and Contexts: The Book of Analects for Women” in Robin R. Wang, ed. (2003),
327-40.]
Zhang, Aidong, and Wayne Schlepp (1998). “Xiao Guanyin: Her Tragic Life and
Melancholy Poems.” Journal of Sung-Yuan Studies 28: 213-21.
Zhang Chao (2012). “Les grand-mères vulgaires: L’évolution d’une représentation
féminine du bouddhisme Chan.” Études chinoises 31.1. [Not seen.]
Zhang, Cong Ellen (2013). “Anecdotal Writing on Illicit Sex in Song China (960-1279).”
Journal of the History of Sexuality 22.2: 253-80.
Zhang Guogang (2009). “‘Family Buiding in Inner Quarters’: Conjugal Relationship in
Tang Families.” Tr. Lai Yipeng. Frontiers of History in China 4.1: 1-38.
Zhang Hanmo (2015). “Property of the State, Prisoners of Music: Identity of the Song
Drama Players and Their Roles in the Wushi Pleasure Precincts.” Bulletin of the Jao
Tsung-I Academy of Sinology 2: 277-326.
Zhang Zhijing (1995). “Changes in Women’s Status as Reflected in Ancient Chinese
Law.” In Min (1995), 418-53.
Zhao, George Qingzhi (2008). Marriage as Political Strategy and Cultural Expression:
Mongolian Royal Marriages from World Empire to Yuan Dynasty. Asian Thought and
Culture 60. Bern: Peter Lang.
Zhao Shiyu (1995). “Brightness versus Darkness: Gender Relations in the Ming and
Qing Dynasties.” In Min (1995), 359-98.
Zhao, Xiaohuan (2014). “Love, Lust, and Loss in the Daoist Nunnery as Presented in
Yuan Drama.” T’oung Pao 100.1-3: 80-119.
Zhao Zhewei (1995). “Goddesses Worshipped by the Chinese.” In Min (1995), 399-417.
Zheng, Huili (2012). Gendering Other: The Representation of Foreigners in Yesou
puyan. Sino-Platonic Papers 232.
Zheng Xiucai (2014). “From Zuozhuan to Shiji: Changes in Gender Representation in
Sima Qian’s Rewriting of Stories.” Chinese Literature: Essays, Articles, Reviews 36:
149-74.
Zheng Zhenjun (2017). “Two Modes of Goddess Depictions in Early Medieval Chinese
Literature.” Journal of Chinese Humanities 3: 117-34.
93
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
Zhou Jianyu (2006). “Between Hero and Beauty: A Cultural Construction of Emotion in
Sanguo yanyi (The Romance of the Three Kingdoms).” In Santangelo and Middendorf,
eds. (2006), 249-59.
Zhou Yiqun (2003a). “The Hearth and the Temple: Mapping Female Religiosity in Late
Imperial China, 1550-1900.” Late Imperial China 24.2: 109-55.
Zhou Yiqun (2003b). “Virtue and Talent: Women and fushi in Early China.” Nan Nü 5.1:
1-42.
Zhou, Yiqun (2009). “The Child in Confucianism.” Children and Childhood in World
Religions: Primary Sources and Texts. Ed. Don S. Browning and and Marcia J. Bunge.
Rutgers Series in Childhood Studies. New Brunswick, N.J. 337-92.
Zhou, Yiqun (2010). Festivals, Feasts, and Gender Relations in Ancient China and
Greece. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Zhou, Yiqun (2013). “The Status of Mothers in the Early Chinese Mourning System.”
T’oung Pao 99.1-3: 1-52.
Zhou, Zuyan (2003). Androgyny in Late Ming and Early Qing Literature. Honolulu:
University of Hawaii Press.
Zhou, Zuyan (2012). “The Androgynous Ideal in Scholar-Beauty Romances: A
Historical and Cultural View.” In Chiang, ed. (2012), 97-125.
Zhu, Rui (2016). “Identity, Legitimacy, and Chaste Widows.” Asian Philosophy 26.2:
182-92.
Zito, Angela (2001). “Queering Filiality, Raising the Dead.” Journal of the History of
Sexuality 10.2: 195-201. [On Li Yu and The Carnal Prayer Mat.]
Zou, Ying (2016). “Talent, Identity, and Sociality in Early Qing Scholar-Beauty
Novels.” T’oung Pao 102.1-3: 161-208.
Zufferey, Nicolas (2003). “La condition féminine traditionnelle en Chine ancienne: État
de la recherche.” Études chinoises 22: 185-229.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (1992). “The ‘Constant World’ of Wang Chao-yüan: Women,
Education, and Orthodoxy in 18th Century China—A Preliminary Investigation.” Family
Process and Political Process in Modern Chinese History. Taipei: Institute of Modern
History, Academia Sinica. 579-619.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (1993). “The Propagation of Female Ideals in Late Imperial China:
Some Preliminary Remarks on the Case of Wang Chao-yüan.” In Norms and the State in
94
Goldin: Gender and Sexuality in Pre-Modern China
China. Ed. Chun-chieh Huang and Erik Zürcher. Sinica Leidensia 28. Leiden: E.J. Brill.
93-103.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (1994). “How to Be a Good Wife and a Good Scholar at the Same
Time: 18th Century Prescriptions on Chinese Female Behavior—A Preliminary
Investigation.” La société civile face à l’état dans les traditions chinoise, japonaise,
coréenne, et vietnamienne. Ed. Léon Vandermeersch. Études thématiques 3. Paris:
École Française d’Extrême-Orient. 249-70.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (1995). “Han-hsüeh, ‘Evidential Research’ and Female Chastity:
A Re-Examination of Intellectual Attitudes and Social Ideals in 18th Century China.” In
Thought and Law in Qin and Han China: Studies Dedicated to Anthony Hulsewé on the
Occasion of His Eightieth Birthday. Ed. W.L. Idema and E. Zürcher. Sinica Leidensia
24. Leiden: E.J. Brill. 208-24.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (1999). “Women in the Epistemological Strategy of Chinese
Encyclopedia: Preliminary Observations from Some Sung, Ming, and Ch’ing Works.” In
Zurndorfer, ed. (1999), 354-95.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (2008). “Wang Zhaoyuan (1763-1851) and the Erasure of
‘Talented Women’ by Liang Qichao.” Different Worlds of Discourse: New Views of
Gender and Genre in Late Qing and Early Republican China. Ed. Nanxiu Qian et al.
Leiden: Brill. 29-56.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (2011a). “The Lienü zhuan Tradition and Wang Zhaoyuan’s
(1763-1851) Production of the Lienü zhuan buzhu (1812).” In Judge and Hu (2011), 5569.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (2011b). “Prostitutes and Courtesans in the Confucian Moral
Universe of Late Ming China (1550-1644).” International Review of Social History 56
(special issue): 197-216.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (2012). “Women in Chinese Encyclopedias.” In Ho (2012), 279305.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T. (2013). “How to Write a Woman’s Life into and out of
History: Wang Zhaoyuan (1763-1851) and Biographical Study in Republican China.”
Writing Lives in China, 1600-2010: Histories of the Elusive Self. Ed. Marjorie Dryburgh
and Sarah Dauncey. Basingstoke, U.K.: Palgrave Macmillan. 86-109.
Zurndorfer, Harriet [T.] (2014). “Women in Chinese Learned Culture: Complexities,
Exclusivities and Connecting Narratives.” Gender and History 26.1: 23-35.
Zurndorfer, Harriet T., ed. (1999). Chinese Women in the Imperial Past: New
Perspectives. Sinica Leidensia 44. Leiden: Brill.
95