Comparative Study of Effective Atomic Number and Electron Density
for Nanomaterial in wide energy range (10-3 to 105 MeV)
Siddheshwar D. Raut1, Rajkumar M. Lokhande2, Vishal V. Awasarmol3, Rameshwar Bhosle4 Chaitali V. More5 and
Pravina. P. Pawar6*
1-6
Department of Physics, Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University, Aurangabad 431004, India
*Email:[email protected]
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
Abstract- The effective atomic number and electron density of Silicon Dioxide nanomaterial (SiO 2) has been determined
theoretically in the energy range 10-3 to 105 MeV and compared with the effective atomic number and electron density of Aspargine
amino acid (C4H8N2O3), Kamacite alloy (Fe0.9Ni0.1) and PbO-B2O3-ZnO glass. It is found that the effective atomic number of
Silicon dioxide nanomaterial shows similar variation with effective atomic number as that of Aspargine amino acid, Kamacite alloy
and glass material associated with the energy. Similar variation can be seen for electron density of all the samples.
K ey words- Effective atomic number, Electron density, Nanomaterials
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
INTRODUCTION
I
N recent years photon interaction with different material
found lots of uses in medicine, industry, agriculture fields.
The most important parameters while studying the photon
interaction with material is mass attenuation coefficient and
electron density which has importance in dosimetry and
shielding. It is very important to study the effective atomic
number of composite materials like Silicon dioxide, glass
material to study their properties [1-2].Zeff is depend on the
incident energy and atomic number of constituent elements
[3].
The interaction of X- ray photons with the
sample depends upon electron density, higher the electron
density, interaction will be more [4]. The Major mass of the
nuclear radiation shield consists of layers of concretes with
different composition and densities, but if we vary the water
content it creates uncertainty in attenuation coefficient and
they are also not transparent to visible light [5]. Borate
glasses containing heavy metal oxides. After brief study, it is
found that it has many applications in radiation shielding [6].
Aspargine is a non-essential amino acid that the body can
manufacture in the liver. Only the L form of the amino acid is
constituents of protein. We can get the Aspargine amino acid
from different types of food. Aspargine is needed to maintain
the balance in the central nervous system; it prevents you
from being either overly nervous or overly calm.
Kamacite is an alloy of Iron and Nickel, which is found on
earth only in meteorites. The proportion iron: nickel is
between 90:10 to 95:05. Along with iron and nickel some
other elements are also present in small quantity.
Normally Kamacite samples are prepared using polish and
acid [7].
Aeff
A
n
Where, n = total number of atoms
Zeff
0.28 u Aeff1.3290.0471uln E u E 0.092
(1)
And the electron density has been determined using the
formula,
Neff
NA u
Zeff
Aeff
(2)
Where, NA = 6.023*1023
R ESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
Fig. 1 shows the variation in the effective atomic number of
Aspargine amino acid, Kamacite
alloy, Silicon
dioxide nanomaterial and Glass material with energy. From
fig. 1, it is found that all the four samples show the decrease
in Zeff as the energy increases. Aspargine amino acid shows
very small variation from 4.2722 to 3.9683 and appear as a
nearly straight line.
Fig. 2 Shows the variation of electron density of Aspargine
amino acid, Kamacite alloy, Silicon dioxide nanomaterial
and Glass material with energy. All the four
samples show the similar variation as Zeff. Again Aspargine
shows the similar nearly straight line nature varying with very
small values from 3.3119 to 3.0763.
.
BASIC FORMULAE
The effective atomic number of all the four samples has been
determined using the following formula,
77
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ACK NOW LEDGMENT:
60
Aspargine amino acid
Silicon Dioxide nanomaterial
Kamacite alloy
glass
Effective atomic number Zeff
50
Author is very thankful to Dr. G.K. Bhichile for his fruitful
guidance.
40
REFERENCES
30
K.. Murat, B.Mehment, O. Yuksel , “Effective atomic number
study of various alloys for total photon interaction in the
energy region 1keV-100GeV”, Nuclear Instruments and
Methods in Physics Research A 613(2010)251-256.
[2] P. P. Pawar, G.K. Bhichile , “Studies on mass attenuation
coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of
some amino acids in the energy range 0.122–1.330 MeV”.
Radiation Physics and Chemistry, Volume 92, Nov. 2013,
Pages 22-27
[3] P. S. Kore, P.P.Pawar, “Measurements of mass attenuation
coefficient, effective atomic number and electron density of
some amino acids”, Journal of Radiation Physics and
Chemistry 98(2014)86-91.
[4] A.A. Rafa, K. M. Hussei , “Calculation of mass attenuation
coefficients of SiO2”, Tikrit Journal of pure Science
17(4)2012. ISSN: 1813-1662.
[5] S. Narveer, S. Kanwar, S. Kulwant, S. Harvinder,
“Comparative study of lead borate and bismuth lead borate
glass
systems
as
gamma-radiation
shielding
materials”.Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics
Research B, Vol. 225, sept. 2004, 305-309.
[6] S. Y. El-Kamessy, S. Abd EL-Ghany., M. Abd EL-H. Azooz.,
Y. Abd A. El-Gammam. “Shielding Properties of Lead Zinc
Borate Glasses”. World journal of condensed matter Physics,
2013, 3, 198-202.
[7] R. Flemming, “Micro X-ray diffraction (µXRD): a versatile
technique for characterization of Earth and planetary
materials”.Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 44 (9): 1333–
1346. Doi: 10.1139/e07-020(2007).
[1]
20
10
0
0
10
1
2
10
3
10
4
10
5
10
6
10
10
-3
Energy (*10 MeV)
Fig. 2. The curve shows the calculated electron density of Aspargine
amino acid ,Kamacite alloy, Silicon dioxide nanomaterial and Glass
material as a function of energy.
6.5
Aspargine amino acid
Silicon dioxide nanomaterial
Kamacite alloy
glass
23
Effective electron density Neff (*10 )
6.0
5.5
5.0
4.5
4.0
3.5
3.0
2.5
2.0
1.5
1.0
0
5x10
1
5x10
2
5x10
3
5x10
4
5x10
5
5x10
6
5x10
-3
Energy (*10 MeV)
Fig. 2. The curve shows the calculated electron density of Aspargine
amino acid ,Kamacite alloy, Silicon dioxide nanomaterial and Glass
material as a function of energy.
CONCLUSIONS
From Fig. 1 it is concluded that as energy increases the value
of Zeff goes on decreasing for low energy region, i.e. up to
104 MeV and also observed that for high value of the
effective atomic number shows large variation as compared
to low value of the effective atomic number. In graph
Kamacite alloy having high Zeff (56.13) and Aspargine
amino acid have 7.78 but the variation in the Zeff of
Kamacite is large as compared with Aspargine and other
samples also. For higher energy Zeff of all the samples
tending to nearly equal values
From eq. 2, As Neffis proportional to Zeff so we can see the
same variation in electron density as that of effective atomic
number.
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