The branch of biology dealing
with interactions among
organisms and between
organisms and their
environment is called
ecology.
The simplest grouping of more
than one kind of organism in
the biosphere is
a community.
An example of a primary
producers
Plants
The algae at the beginning of
the food chain are
primary producers.
In what way are herbivores and
carnivores alike?
They both obtain energy by
consuming other organisms.
What animals eat both
producers and consumers?
omnivores
What are the three kinds of
ecological pyramids?
energy, biomass, and numbers
Only 10 percent of the energy
stored in an organism can be
passed on to the next trophic
level. Of the remaining energy,
some is used for the organism’s
life processes, and the rest is
eliminated as heat.
A word that means the same
thing as consumer is
heterotroph.
The repeated movement of
water between Earth’s surface
and the atmosphere is called
the water cycle.
Animals that get energy by
eating the carcasses of other
animals that have been killed
by predators or have died of
natural causes are called
scavengers.
an abiotic factor in the
environment
soil type, rainfall, temperature
Which is a biotic factor that
affects the size of a population
in a specific ecosystem?
predators
What is at the base of all
ecological pyramids?
producers
The movement of organisms
into a range is called
immigration.
When the death rate is
becoming higher than the
birthrate the population is in
__________ size?
decreasing
Which of the following correctly
describes the growth curve?
exponential
During some kinds of population
growth, the size of each
generation of offspring is larger
than the generation before it. So,
as the population gets larger, it
grows more quickly. This situation
is called
exponential growth.
As resources in a population
become less available, the
population reaches its
carrying capacity.
In a logistic growth curve,
exponential growth is the
phase in which the population
grows quickly.
Something that controls the
growth or size of a population
is
a limiting factor.
Competition, crowding, and
disease are examples of
________________ limiting
factor
density-dependent
A disease resulting in the
deaths of one third of a dense
population of fish in a lake
would be __________ limiting
factor.
density-dependent
__________ is the scientific
study of human populations.
Demography
An example of a renewable
resource is
trees.
Resources that cannot be
replaced after they are used up
is
Nonrenewable resource
How would you describe the
pollution shown here?
point source pollution
The sulfur and nitrogen
compounds in smog combine
with water to form
acid rain.
The number of different
species in the biosphere or in a
particular area is called
species diversity.
_________ species can
threaten biodiversity because
they can crowd out native
species.
Introduced
The land and water ecosystems
that provide the resources that
a person uses and that
neutralize that person’s wastes
is part of that person’s
ecological footprint.
Who used a compound
microscope to see chambers
within cork and named them
“cells”?
Robert Hooke
Looking at a cell under a
microscope, you note that the
cell lacks a nucleus, therefore
you know it is a
prokaryote.
This type of cell enclose their
DNA in a nucleus.
eukaryotes
Bacteria are classified as
prokaryotes
Which organelle function is to
store DNA
nucleus
Which organelle breaks down
organelles that are no longer
useful?
lysosome
Which structure makes
proteins using coded
instructions that come from the
nucleus?
ribosome
Which organelle converts the
chemical energy stored in food
into compounds that are more
convenient for the cell to use?
mitochondrion
Which organelle would you
expect to find in plant cells but
not animal cells?
chloroplast
Function of the ___________
is to regulate the movement of
materials into and out of the
cell
cell membrane
The diffusion of water across a
selectively permeable
membrane is called
osmosis
Which means of particle
transport requires input of
energy from the cell?
active transport
The term that describes the
relatively constant internal
physical conditions of an
organism?
homeostasis
A group of similar cells that
perform a particular function is
called
a tissue.
An _________is a group of
organs that work together to
perform a specific function.
organ system
What are the three parts of an
ATP molecule?
adenine, ribose, and three
phosphate groups
Energy is released from ATP
when
a phosphate group is removed.
Organisms, such as plants, that
make their own food are called
autotrophs.
Organisms that cannot make
their own food and must obtain
energy from external sources
are called
heterotrophs.
Which letter represents a single
thylakoid?
C
A _________ is a stack of
thylakoids.
granum
Where in the chloroplast is
chlorophyll found?
in the thylakoid membrane
What is the role of NADP+ in
photosynthesis?
electron carrier
Photosynthesis uses sunlight to
convert water and carbon
dioxide into
oxygen and high-energy sugars.
In the overall equation for
photosynthesis, six molecules
of carbon dioxide and six
molecules of water result in a
molecule of sugar and six
molecules of
oxygen.
What are the products of the
light-dependent reactions?
ATP, NADPH, and oxygen gas
The Calvin cycle is another
name for the
light-independent reactions.
What is a product of the Calvin
cycle?
high-energy sugars
The correct sequence of events
in cellular respiration?
glycolysis  Krebs cycle 
electron transport
Equation for cellular
respiration?
6O2 + C6H12O6  6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy
What are the reactants in the
equation for cellular
respiration?
glucose and oxygen
a product of cellular
respiration?
Water and carbon dioxide
Cellular respiration is called an
aerobic process because it
requires
oxygen.
Glycolysis provides a cell with
a net gain of ___ ATP
molecules.
2
The starting molecule for
glycolysis is
glucose.
The Krebs cycle produces
carbon dioxide.
These molecules pass highenergy electrons to the electron
transport chain?
NADH and FADH2
Cellular respiration uses 1
molecule of glucose to produce
approximately
36 ATP molecules.
The two main types of
fermentation are called
alcoholic and lactic acid.
The air bubbles and spongy
texture of bread are due to
which process?
alcoholic fermentation
Breathing heavily after running
a race is your body’s way of
repaying an oxygen debt.