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Objectives:
Chapter 10:
America Claims An Empire
10.1: Imperialism and America
• Imperialism - policy in which stronger nations
extend economic, political, or military control
over weaker territories.
• Major Factors for Imperialism
– Global competition
– Desire for military strength
• Alfred Mahan helped build US navy
– Desire for new market
– Belief in cultural superiority
• Social Darwinism
1. Explain the economic and cultural factors
that fueled the growth of American
imperialism.
2. Describe how the U.S. acquired Alaska and
Hawaii and be able to explain why each are
important to the U.S.
• U.S. Acquires Alaska
– “Seaward’s Folly”, William Seaward, Sec. Of State,
1867, arranged the purchase of Alaska.
Importance: US gained timber, minerals and oil.
• U.S. Takes Hawaii
– US planters don’t want to pay tariffs on sugar due to
McKinley Tariff Act.
– U.S. military & economic leaders wanted naval base
– How?:
• 1891, U.S. Ambassador John Stevens organized
revolution to dethrone Queen of Hawaii
• Sanford B. Dole heads new gov’t of Hawaii
• 1897, McKinley president and favors annexation
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Ch. 10.2 Objectives:
1. Contrast American opinions regarding the
Cuban revolt against Spain.
2. Identify the events that escalated the
conflict between the U.S. and Spain.
3. Explain the results and importance of the
Spanish-American War to the U.S.
• Spanish reaction to uprising
– Sent Valeriano Weyler to restore order
– Weyler put 300k rebels in concentration camps,
thousands died in the camps.
• Increase in U.S. animosity towards Spain
– Hearst & Pulitzer in war to sell newspapers
– Yellow journalism used to sensationalize events to
sell newspapers
– Stories deepened U.S. feelings of sympathy towards
rebels.
– De Lome letter and USS Maine exploded in Havana
Harbor. U.S. feelings turned to outrage.
10.2:
The Spanish-American War
• Interest in Cuba
– U.S. interested in sugar plantations
• Support for Spanish rule
– U.S. businesses wanted Spain to protect U.S.
interests.
• Support for Cuban rebels
– Sympathetic for desire of independence.
• U.S. Declares War on Spain, April 20, 1898
– April 30, U.S. Commodore George Dewey attacked Spain in
the Philippines led to invasion.
– June 1898, U.S. invaded Cuba; 4 African-American regiments
& the Rough Riders, led by L. Wood & T. Roosevelt.
– TR comes out a hero
– Victory at San Juan Hill led to the end of the war.
– July 25, U.S. invades Puerto Rico.
• Treaty of Paris
– Cuba freed
– Guam and Puerto Rico turned over to U.S.
– Philippines sold to U.S. for $20 million
• Debate in U.S. over Treaty of Paris
– McKinley & others supported imperialism
– Others said it violated Declaration of Independence
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10.3: Acquiring New Lands
Ch. 10.3 Objectives:
1. Explain the purpose of the Open Door Policy.
2. Discuss the views regarding US imperialism.
• Foraker Act - ended military rule in Puerto
Rico.
• Platt Amendment – made clear the
relationship between U.S. & Cuba.
– Cuba became a protectorate of U.S.
• U.S. kept strong presence in Cuba to
protect U.S. businesses in Cuba.
• Open Door Policy in China
– John Hay wrote Open Door Notes (letters) to
European powers to share Chinese market.
– Boxer Rebellion – Chinese rebelled against foreigners
and failed.
– John Hay wrote 2nd set of Notes to say the U.S. will
work to keep trade with China equal.
– Open Door Policy – reflected 3 U.S. beliefs about U.S.
economy
• Economy depends on exports.
• US has right to intervene abroad (other nations) to keep
foreign markets open.
• Closing of an area to US products, citizens, or ideas
threatened US survival.
Ch. 10.4 Objectives:
1. Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s foreign
policy promoted American power around
the world.
2. Describe how Woodrow Wilson’s
missionary diplomacy ensured U.S.
dominance in Latin America.
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10.4: America as a World Power
• T. Roosevelt wins Nobel Peace Prize of 1906 for his
work to end the Russo-Japanese war.
• Panama Canal – US felt a canal was vital to economy
– US paid France $40m for its claim
– US backed a Panamanian rebellion & independence
from Columbia
– US paid $10m to Panama & $250k/yr for right to use
the land.
– Problems w/ construction
• Disease
• Drain swamps
• clear brush
• remove soil
Describe how
this cartoon
expresses the
idea of “speak
softly and
carry a big
stick.”
Roosevelt Corollary
• “Speak softly and carry a big stick” was the basis
of TR’s Latin American policy
• R.C. was an addition to Monroe Doctrine
– TR said the U.S. would now use force to protect its
economic interests in Latin America
Dollar Diplomacy
• U.S. guarantee loans made to foreign countries
by U.S. businesspeople.
• Used to justify keeping Europe out of Latin
America
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Missionary Diplomacy
• US had moral responsibility to deny recognition
to any Latin American gov’t it viewed as
oppressive, undemocratic, or hostile to US
interests.
US and Mexico 1911 -1917
• U.S. wanted to protect U.S. business interests,
back Diaz.
• Wilson refused to recognized Huerta
• U.S. occupy Veracruz, wanted Huerta out.
• Carranza comes to power with US support
• Pancho Villa & Zapata opposed Carranza
• Villa killed Americans, US Brigadier General
John Pershing sent to capture Villa
• US faced war in Europe wanted peace w/ Mexico
• Carranza replaced by Obregon began reforms.
U.S. Policy and Achievement
• Expanded access to foreign markets in order
to ensure domestic growth.
• U.S. built modern navy
• U.S. exercised its international police power
to ensure dominance in Latin America.
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