Page 1 of 3
Índice
ÍNDICE
a
el al, 131, 186
name, noun, pronoun, 281
personal, 157
abrir, commands, 332
acabar de, 184
accents, 357
in preterite tense, 404, 406
pronunciation of, 159
with attached pronouns, 260,
352, 450
adjectives
agreement with nouns, 59, 60,
82, 182, 208, 374
demonstrative, 428
descriptive, 59, 60, 69, 403, 417,
439
plural, 60
possessive, 82
adverbs
ending in -mente, 357
of frequency, 111, 121, 228, 302,
331
of sequence, 154, 167
affirmative
commands, 260, 332
words, 302
agreement
adjectives and nouns, 59, 60, 82,
182, 208, 374
articles and nouns, 56, 57
expressing, 280, 404
numbers and nouns, 379
algún/alguno(a), 302
almorzar, present tense, 278
alphabet, 10–11
antes de, 154
aquel/aquella, 428
-ar verbs
commands, 260, 332, 334
present participle, 232
present tense, 109, 155
preterite, 374
articles
definite, 56
indefinite, 35, 57
with titles, 114
R50
RECURSOS
Índice
asking
dates, 84, 93
directions, 252–253, 262, 269
names, 4
ownership, 81
questions, 135, 143
and telling time, 132, 143
bueno, 63
-car verbs, preterite, 378, 451
classroom expressions, 14–15
cognates, 86
comer
commands, 332, 450
present progressive, 232, 448
present tense, 155
preterite, 451
commands
affirmative, 260, 332, 450
negative, 334
comparisons, making, 208, 217, 374
conmigo, 183, 195
connecting cultures
architectural history, 384–385
bargaining, 286–287
comparisons, 162–163
cultural roots, 434–435
food, 138–139, 360–361, 458–459
regional music, 64–65
rites of passage, 88–89
sports traditions, 212–213
travel and tourism, 236–237,
310–311
conocer, present tense, 157, 207
contigo, 183, 195
contractions, 131, 186
creer, 232, 406, 448
cuesta(n), 277
dar
commands, 334
present tense, 281
preterite, 431, 453
de, 80
after antes and después, 154
el del, 186
location, 258
pronoun, 82
deber, present tense, 354
decidir, preterite, 404
decir
commands, 332, 450
present progressive, 352
present tense, 256
preterite, 431, 453
¿de quién es… ?, 81
definite articles, 56
demonstrative adjectives and
pronouns, 428, 439
después de, 154
direct object, 230
commands with, 260, 332, 450
dormir, present progressive, 352
double negative, 302
e → i stem-changing verbs, 304, 352
e → ie stem-changing verbs, 205,
278, 330
el days of the week, 131
el, la, los, las, 56
empezar, preterite, 378
-er verbs
commands, 260, 332, 334
present participle, 232
present tense, 155, 157
preterite tense, 404
escribir
present progressive, 232, 448
preterite tense, 451
ese/esa, 428
esperar, present progressive, 232
estar
commands, 334
present tense, 134
preterite, 431, 453
uses, 134, 182, 232
este/esta, 428
estudiar, present tense, 109, 155
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expressing
agreement/disagreement, 280,
404
extremes, 303, 374
feelings and emotions, 176–177,
182, 195
frequency, 111, 121, 228, 331
likes and dislikes, 31, 39, 47,
187, 195, 300
location, 134, 250–251, 252–253,
258, 420, 421, 426, 428, 439
obligation, 104, 105, 113, 121
origin, 37, 42, 43, 47
possession, 80, 81, 82, 330
preferences, 205, 208, 217
sequence of events, 154, 167
extremes, 303, 374
frequency, adverbs of, 111, 121,
228, 331
future, with ir a infinitive, 153,
442, 448, 463
-gar verbs, preterite, 378, 451
gender of nouns, 56
grande, 63
greetings, 2, 4, 5, 21, 28–29, 30–31,
34, 47
gustar, present tense, 300
infinitive, 39, 187
jugar a sport, 204
lavarse, present tense, 330
leer
present progressive, 232, 352, 448
preterite, 406, 451
llevar, uses of, 58, 231
limpiar, preterite tense, 376, 404
llover, 226
lo, 374
location, describing, 134, 250–251,
252–253, 258, 420, 421, 426, 439
malo, 63
maps
Caribbean, 171
Central America, 245
Ecuador, 393
Quito, 396
Mexico, 96–97, 244–245
Mexico City, 144
Oaxaca, 248, 262
Puerto Rico, 170–171
Spain, 318–319
Spanish-speaking countries, 6–7
United States, 22–23
más (…) que, 208
mayor, 208, 374
mejor, 208, 374
menor, 208, 374
menos
minutes, 132
… que, 208
-mente adverbs, 357
mí, after con, 183
negation, 39, 84, 302
negative
commands, 334, 335
words, 302
nevar, 226
ningún/ninguno(a), 302
nouns, 56
numbers
0–10, 12, 21
11–100, 79, 93
200–1,000,000, 379
ordinal, 430, 439
o → ue stem-changing verbs, 278,
291, 330
object pronouns, 187, 230, 260, 281,
332, 335, 450
ofrecer, preterite, 404
oír
present progressive, 232, 352, 448
present tense, 158, 207
preterite tense, 406
ordinal numbers, 430, 439
origin, expressing, 35, 42, 43, 47
pagar, preterite, 378
para, uses of, 276
past, talking about the, 377, 389,
400–401, 404, 406, 443, 451, 463
pedir
present progressive, 352
present tense, 304
pensar, present tense, 205, 278, 304
peor, 208, 374
personal a, 157
poner
commands, 332, 450
present tense, 299
por, uses of, 254
possession, expressing, 80, 81, 82,
330
possessive adjectives, 82
RECURSOS
Índice
R51
ÍNDICE
hablar
negative tú commands, 334
preterite tense, 451
hacer
commands, 332, 450
present tense, 157, 207
preterite, 407, 453
uses of, 226
hay, 84
que infinitive, 113
weather expressions with, 226
i → y spell-changing verb, 158
indefinite
article, 35, 57
words, 302
indirect object pronouns, 281, 284,
450
infinitive, defined, 39
interrogatives, 135
intonation, 30, 52, 135, 194
introductions, 4–5, 21, 27, 30–31,
41, 47, 442
invitations, extending and
accepting, 176–177, 178–179,
183, 195, 274, 355, 365
ir
a infinitive, 153, 410, 442,
448, 463
commands, 332, 450
past tense, 300
present tense, 130
preterite, 407, 453
-ir verbs
commands, 260, 332, 334
present participle, 232
present tense, 155
preterite tense, 404
irregular
commands, 332, 334, 450
comparatives, 208, 374
present participles, 352
present tense, 35, 78, 130, 134,
157, 158, 204, 207, 256, 278,
282, 299, 306
preterite tense, 406, 407, 431,
453, 463
-ísimo, 303
-ito(a), 181
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preferences, expressing, 205, 208,
217
prepositions of location, 258, 426,
439
present participles, 232
present progressive, 232, 352, 443,
448, 463
present tense
-ar verbs, 109
-er and -ir verbs, 155
irregular verbs, 35, 78, 130, 134,
157, 158, 185, 205, 207, 256,
278, 282, 299, 306
preterite tense, 376, 378, 404, 406,
431, 451, 463
pronouns
demonstrative, 428, 439
object, 187, 230, 260, 281, 284,
332, 335, 450
reflexive, 330, 353
subject, 35, 47, 109, 110
with commands, 260, 332, 335,
450
with present progressive, 352,
353
pronunciation, 11
accents, 159
b, v, 189
c, 337, 359
d, 411
f, s, ch, 63
h, j, 137
j, g, 233, 307
l, 433
linking words, 381
m, n, 85
ñ, 211
p, 359
r, 255
rr, 285
s, 337
t, 359
vowels, 41
x, 455
y, ll, 115
z, 337
punctuation, of questions, 135
questions, asking, 135, 143
ÍNDICE
reflexive verbs, present tense, 330
regional expressions, 107, 154, 189,
203, 224, 276, 299, 328, 358, 427,
446
clothing, 58, 228, 410
exclamations, 76, 150
food, 128, 133, 351, 372
people, 181, 350
saber, present tense, 207
sacar, preterite, 378
salir
command, 332, 450
present tense, 256
sequencing events, 154, 167
ser
commands, 332, 334, 450
de, 37
present tense, 35
preterite, 407, 453
uses of, 35, 37
servir, present progressive, 352
si, 352
Spanish language
accents, 159
alphabet, 10–11
regional vocabulary, 58, 76, 107,
128, 133, 150, 154, 181, 189,
203, 224, 228, 276, 299, 328,
350, 351, 358, 372, 410, 427,
446
See also pronunciation
spelling change verbs, 378, 406, 451
stem-changing verbs, 158, 204, 205,
226, 278, 291, 304, 330, 352
strategies
connecting cultures, 64, 88, 138,
162, 212, 236, 310, 384, 458
listening, 30, 52, 74, 104, 126,
148, 178, 200, 222, 252, 274,
296, 326, 370, 400, 422, 444
reading, 42, 86, 116, 160, 190,
234, 264, 308, 338, 412, 456
speaking, 35, 46, 63, 68, 81, 92,
108, 120, 133, 142, 152, 166,
185, 194, 206, 216, 228, 240,
259, 268, 280, 314, 331, 342,
352, 375, 388, 404, 416, 427,
438, 462
writing, 94, 168, 242, 316, 390, 464
subject pronouns, 35, 47, 109, 110
superlatives, 374
tan… como, 208
tanto como, 208
tener, 61
commands, 332, 450
idioms with, 152, 229, 241
present tense, 78, 185
preterite, 431, 453
que infinitive, 104, 105, 113
ti, after con, 183
time
of day, 2, 133, 143
past, 377, 389
telling, 124–125, 126–127, 132, 143
titles, articles with, 114
traer
present progressive, 352
present tense, 306
tú, 34
commands, affirmative, 260,
332, 450
commands, negative, 334
u → ue stem-changing verbs, 204
un, una, unos, unas, 35, 57
usted, 34
vamos, 130, 410
venir
commands, 332, 334, 450
present progressive, 352
present tense, 185
preterite, 431, 451, 453
ver, preterite, 405
verbs
irregular commands, 332, 334,
450
irregular present tense, 35, 78,
130, 134, 157, 158, 204, 207,
256, 278, 282, 299, 306
irregular preterite, 407, 431
reflexive, 330
spelling change verbs, 378, 406,
451
stem-changing, 158, 204, 205,
226, 278, 291
See also -ar verbs, -er verbs,
-ir verbs
vivir, present tense, 155
volver, negative tú commands, 334
yes/no questions, 9, 135
-zar verbs, preterite, 378, 451
R52
RECURSOS
Índice