THE CAMERA
A TOOL TO PRODUCE WHAT YOU VISUALIZE
PARTS OF
A CAMERA
•
Light tight box
•
Lens/Aperture
•
Shutter
•
Viewing system
•
Light sensing
medium
•
Recording medium
•
Light tight box
•
Lens/Aperture
•
Shutter
•
Viewing system
•
Light sensing medium
TECHNOLOGY
TO RECORD THE WORLD
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Lens
•
Focal length
•
•
•
Zoom or Fixed
Aperture
•
Sensing Medium
•
Film or Imaging Sensor
•
Sensor type
•
CCD
• Charged-Coupled
Device
•
CMOS
Shutter
•
•
Focal plane, Leaf or
Electronic
Speeds
•
Complimentary
Metal-Oxide
Semiconductor
LENS
•
Focal Length measured in
millimeters
•
Describes the “angle of
view” of lens
•
View vs. focal length is
related to imaging
sensor size
•
Can be
“fixed” (sometimes
called “prime”) or
“Zoom” (means
variable)
•
Aperture controls how
much light passes through
the lens.
•
Aperture unit is called
“f-stop”
•
is a ratio of diameter of
opening to the size of
the imaging sensor
•
Can be interchangeable or
permanently affixed
•
AV setting lets photog
choose aperture, camera
chooses shutter
Zoom Control
Aperture/f-stop
Focal Length
Focal Length
Aperture/f-stop
“IS” stands for “Image Stabilization”
SHUTTER
•
•
Speed measured in
fractions of a second
•
For example 1/500
•
Typical range from
1 second to 1/2000
•
•
Can range from 30
seconds to 1/8000
Speeds at 1/30 and
slower can lead to camera
shake
•
Image Stabilization can
help reduce camera
shake
Shutter speed controls how
much is allowed to hit the
image sensor
•
The TV setting (some
camera manufactures use
S instead) allows the
photographer to set
shutter speed while the
camera determines
aperture
IMAGING SENSOR
•
Is the “film” in a digital
camera
•
Resolution unit is
“megapixel” or 1 million
pixels
•
Different physical sizes
available
•
•
Larger physical size
can give better
tonality and clarity
CCD and CMOS are
most common types
"Sensor sizes overlaid inside 2014" by MarcusGR - Own
work. Licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 via Commons https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/
File:Sensor_sizes_overlaid_inside_2014.png#/media/
File:Sensor_sizes_overlaid_inside_2014.png
How a digital camera records images
ISO: SENSITIVITY
•
•
ISO is the sensitivity
setting of the imaging
chip.
International Standards
Organization
•
Also called “speed”
•
Think of it as adjusting the
“recoding level”
•
•
Low ISO 50
High ISO 6400
•
Typical range 100 to 1600
•
25 to 25,600 not unusual
•
Double the ISO, double
the sensitivity
•
Halve the ISO, halve the
sensitivity
•
100 iso for outdoors
•
400 iso for indoors
•
1600 iso for indoors with
action