Faculty of Education and Arts
School of Humanities & Social Science
http://www.newcastle.edu.au/school/hss/
Newcastle Campus
University Drive,
Callaghan 2308
Room: MC127 McMullin Building
Phone: +61 2 4921 5213
Office hours: 9:00am – 5:00pm
Fax: +61 2 4921 6933
Email: [email protected]
Web: http://www.newcastle.edu.au/school/hss/
Course Co-ordinator: Dr Roger Markwick
Room: MCLG34a
Ph: 4921 7122
Fax: 4921 6933
Email: [email protected]
Consultation hours:
Course Overview
HIST3672 - Israel and the Middle East: roots of the current conflict
Course Outline
Course Coordinator Dr Roger Markwick
Semester
Semester 1 - 2009
Unit Weighting
20
Teaching Methods
Lecture
Tutorial
Brief Course Description
Examines the historical origins of the current conflict in the Middle East with particular reference to Israel and
the Arabs. Topics: Colonialism and Zionism; Arab nationalism and the demise of the Ottoman Empire; the
British Mandate in Palestine; the Holocaust and the Middle East; the UN and the establishment of Israel;
Nasserism, Suez crisis and Six Day War; rise of the PLO; Cold War and the Middle East; Camp David, Oslo
Accords and the Road Map to peace.
Contact Hours
Lecture for 2 Hours per Week for the Full Term
Tutorial for 2 Hours per Week for the Full Term
4 contact hours per week:
2 hours lectures, which may include a video for full term.
2 hours tutorials or seminars for 12 weeks.
Tutorials will commence in week 2.
Learning Materials/Texts
th
Ian J. Bickerson & Carla L. Klausner, A History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 5 edn. (New Jersey: Prentice
Hall 2007),
Course Outline Issued and Correct as at: Week 1, Semester 1 - 2009
CTS Download Date: 11.2.09
2
Course Objectives
1. Introduce students to major themes and issues pertaining to the origins of the conflict between Israel, the
Palestinians and the Arabs as a whole.
2. Introduce students to historiographical issues pertaining to the Middle East conflict.
3. Enhance students' skills in the areas of research, analysis, and the presentation of arguments both written
and verbal.
Course Content
Course content will be drawn from the following range of topics:
1. Colonialism and Zionism
2. Arab nationalism
3. demise of the Ottoman Empire
4. the British Mandate in Palestine
5. the Holocaust, Palestine and Israel
6. the UN and the establishment of Israel
7. Nasserism, Suez crisis and Six Day War
8. rise of the PLO
9. Cold War and the Middle East
10. Camp David, Oslo Accords and the Road Map to peace.
Assessment Items
Examination:
class test 15%
Class
Essays / Written
Tutorial paper - 2000 words 20%
Assignments
Library assignment - 500 words 5%
Essay plan - 500 words 5%
Essay - 4000 words 40%
Group/tutorial
Tutorial participation (in class and online through BlackBoard) 15%
participation and
contribution
Assumed Knowledge
20 units in History at 1000 level or equivalent
Callaghan Campus Timetable
HIST3672
ISRAEL AND THE MIDDLE EAST
Enquiries: School of Humanities and Social Science
Semester 1 - 2009
Lecture
Monday
15:00 - 17:00
and Tutorial
Tuesday
9:00 - 11:00
[SRLT3]
[GP130]
or
Tuesday
11:00 - 13:00
[MCLG44]
or
Tuesday
15:00 - 17:00
[MCG25]
Commencing Wk
2
Commencing Wk
2
Commencing Wk
2
Plagiarism
University policy prohibits students plagiarising any material under any circumstances. A student plagiarises
if he or she presents the thoughts or works of another as one's own. Without limiting the generality of this
definition, it may include:
·
copying or paraphrasing material from any source without due acknowledgment;
·
using another's ideas without due acknowledgment;
·
working with others without permission and presenting the resulting work as though it was completed
independently.
School of Humanities and Social Science
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Plagiarism is not only related to written works, but also to material such as data, images, music, formulae,
websites and computer programs.
Aiding another student to plagiarise is also a violation of the Student Academic Integrity Policy and may
invoke a penalty.
For further information on the University policy on plagiarism, please refer to the Policy on Student Academic
Integrity at the following link http://www.newcastle.edu.au/policylibrary/000608.html
The University uses an electronic text matching system called Turnitin. When you submit assessment items
please be aware that for the purpose of assessing any assessment item the University may -
·
Reproduce this assessment item and provide a copy to another member of the University; and/or
·
Communicate a copy of this assessment item to a text matching service (which may then retain a
copy of the item on its database for the purpose of future checking).
·
Submit the assessment item to other forms of plagiarism checking
Written Assessment Items
Students may be required to provide written assessment items in electronic form as well as hard copy.
Marks and Grades Released During Term
All marks and grades released during the term, are indicative only until formally approved by the Head of
School on the recommendation of the School Assessment body.
Extension of Time for Assessment Items, Deferred Assessment and Special Consideration for
Assessment Items or Formal Written Examinations
Students are required to submit assessment items by the due date, as advised in the Course Outline, unless
the Course Coordinator approves an extension of time for submission of the item. University policy is that an
assessment item submitted after the due date, without an approved extension, will be penalised.
Any student:
1. who is applying for an extension of time for submission of an assessment item on the basis of medical,
compassionate, hardship/trauma or unavoidable commitment; or
2. whose attendance at or performance in an assessment item or formal written examination has been or will
be affected by medical, compassionate, hardship/trauma or unavoidable commitment;
must report the circumstances, with supporting documentation, to the appropriate officer following the
instructions provided in the Special Circumstances Affecting Assessment Procedure - Policy 000641.
Note: different procedures apply for minor and major assessment tasks.
Please go to the Policy at http://www.newcastle.edu.au/policylibrary/000641.html for further information,
particularly for information on the options available to you.
Students should be aware of the following important deadlines:
·
Requests for Special Consideration must be lodged no later than 3 working days after the due
date of submission or examination.
·
Requests for Extensions of Time on Assessment Items must be lodged no later than the due
date of the item.
·
Requests for Rescheduling Exams must be received no later than ten working days prior the first
date of the examination period
Your application may not be accepted if it is received after the deadline. In the first instance, students who
School of Humanities and Social Science
4
are unable to meet the above deadlines due to extenuating circumstances should speak to their Program
Officer.
Changing your Enrolment
If students are enrolled after the census dates listed below they are liable for the full cost of their student
contribution or fees for that term.
For semester 1 courses: 31 March 2009
Block Census Dates
Block 1: 16 January 2009
Students may withdraw from a course without academic penalty on or before the last day of term. Any
withdrawal from a course after the last day of term will result in a fail grade.
Students cannot enrol in a new course after the second week of term, except under exceptional
circumstances. Any application to add a course after the second week of term must be on the appropriate
form, and should be discussed with staff in the Student Hubs.
To check or change your enrolment online, please refer to myHub - Self Service for Students
https://myhub.newcastle.edu.au
Faculty Information
The Student Hubs are a one-stop shop for the delivery of student related services and are the first point of contact
for students studying in Australia.
The four Student Hubs are located at:
Callaghan Campus
• Shortland Hub: Level 3, Shortland Building
• Hunter Hub: Level 2, Student Services Centre
City Precinct
• City Hub and Information Common: Ground Floor, University House
Faculty websites
Faculty of Education and Arts
http://www.newcastle.edu.au/faculty/education-arts/
Contact details
Callaghan, City and Port Macquarie
Phone: 02 4921 5000
Email: [email protected]
The Dean of Students
Resolution Precinct
Phone: 02 4921 5806
Fax: 02 4921 7151
Email: [email protected]
Various services are offered by the University Student Support Unit:
http://www.newcastle.edu.au/study/studentsupport/index.html
School of Humanities and Social Science
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Alteration of this Course Outline
No change to this course outline will be permitted after the end of the second week of the term except in
exceptional circumstances and with Head of School approval. Students will be notified in advance of any
approved changes to this outline.
Web Address for Rules Governing Undergraduate Academic Awards
http://www.newcastle.edu.au/policylibrary/000311.html
STUDENTS WITH A DISABILITY OR CHRONIC ILLNESS
The University is committed to providing a range of support services for students with a disability or chronic
illness.
If you have a disability or chronic illness which you feel may impact on your studies, please feel free to
discuss your support needs with your lecturer or course coordinator.
Disability Support may also be provided by the Student Support Service (Disability). Students must be
registered to receive this type of support. To register please contact the Disability Liaison Officer on 02 4921
5766, or via email at: [email protected]
As some forms of support can take a few weeks to implement it is extremely important that you discuss your
needs with your lecturer, course coordinator or Student Support Service staff at the beginning of each
semester.
For more information related to confidentiality and documentation please visit the Student Support Service
(Disability) website at: www.newcastle.edu.au/services/disability
----------------------------------------------------------- End of CTS Entry ----------------------------------------------------------Online Tutorial Registration:
Students are required to enrol in the Lecture and a specific Tutorial time for this course via the Online
Registration system. Refer - http://studinfo1.newcastle.edu.au/rego/stud_choose_login.cfm
NB: Registrations close at the end of week 2 of semester.
Studentmail and Blackboard: Refer - www.blackboard.newcastle.edu.au/
This course uses Blackboard and studentmail to contact students, so you are advised to keep your email
accounts within the quota to ensure you receive essential messages. To receive an expedited response to
queries, post questions on the Blackboard discussion forum if there is one, or if emailing staff directly use the
course code in the subject line of your email. Students are advised to check their studentmail and the course
Blackboard site on a weekly basis.
Important Additional Information
Details about the following topics are available on your course Blackboard site (where relevant). Refer www.blackboard.newcastle.edu.au/
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Written Assignment Presentation and Submission Details
Online copy submission to Turnitin
Penalties for Late Assignments
Special Circumstances
Assignment Re-submission
Re-marks & Moderations
Return of Assignments
Preferred Referencing Style
Student Representatives
Student Communication
Essential Online Information for Students
School of Humanities and Social Science
6
HIST 3672
Israel and the Middle East:
Roots of the current conflict
Semester I, 2009
20 Units
Course coordinator: Dr. Roger Markwick
School of Humanities and Social Science
7
Introduction
This course surveys the origins of one of the most contentious issues in modern history: the conflict
between Israel, the Palestinians and the Arabs. Even before the establishment of Israel in 1948
unleashed seemingly endless conflict, the Zionist aspiration for a separate Jewish state was
accompanied by growing conflict, not only between Jewish settlers and native Palestinians but
between the Arab peoples generally and their colonial overlords, particularly Britain.
This course explores the roots of the Israeli-Arab conflict in the context of 19th and 20th
century colonialism and imperialism and the reactions to them. Among the topics the course looks
at are
•Zionism and European colonialism
•The rise Arab nationalism and the demise of the Ottoman Empire
•The British Mandate in Palestine
•The Jewish Holocaust in Europe and its implications for the Middle East
•The role of the United Nations in the establishment of Israel
• The rise of Nasserism, Suez crisis and the 1967 ‘Six Day War’
• Yasser Arafat and the emergence of the Palestinian Liberation Organisation
• The impact of the Cold War and the Middle East
• The Camp David and Oslo Accords and the ‘Road Map’ to peace.
Among the pivotal questions we consider are:
• Who were the Zionists and why did they want to establish a Jewish homeland in
Palestine?
• What was the nature and status of Arab society under Turkish Ottoman rule?
• What was the significance of the British Balfour declaration in 1917?
• To what extent did the Holocaust contribute to the establishment of Israel?
• Why have the Arabs in general and the Palestinians in particular been so hostile to Israel?
• What links are there between the Israeli-Palestinian conflict and international politics?
In looking at these and other questions, we will consider the economic, social, political and
religious forces that have shaped the Arab world and gave rise to Zionism and ultimately, Israel. In
this context, we will consider the degree to which the conflict has been driven by religious
differences, a question that has come to the fore in recent times. We will also look at differing
historical interpretations of the conflict and its representation by historians themselves.
This course assumes that history is an ‘argument without end’ about the past. Historians argue not
only about historical ‘facts’ but also the way in which they are interpreted. The Israeli-Palestinian
has polarised public opinion probably more than any contemporary issue. Historians, however much
they espouse ‘objectivity’, have not been immune from public debates, for instance, about the rights
and wrongs of the establishment of Israel. The lectures and tutorials will tackle these and other
issues using a variety of primary and secondary sources, including some film.
The tutorials in particular require students to analyse primary sources as the basis for
informed discussion. As historians, this course entails reflecting on the nature of the past and the
process of writing about. An appreciation of different approaches to the study of the Israeli-Arab
conflict is therefore an integral objective of this course. At the end of it, students should know the
key events of the conflict and show familiarity with the key debates about it. Students should also,
of course, have developed and enhanced their skills in research, in analysis of sources, and in
writing and oral presentation.
Course textbook
There is a textbook for this course:
School of Humanities and Social Science
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Ian J. Bickerson & Carla L. Klausner, A History of the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 5th edn. (New Jersey:
Prentice Hall 2007), available for purchase at the Campus Bookshop. Purchase is highly
recommended, as its documentary sources will be the basis of our tutorial discussions.
Useful introductions include:
•
•
Edward Said, The Question of Palestine (New York, Vintage books, 1992).
Avi Shlaim, The iron wall: Israel and the Arab world (London: Penguin, 2001).
Among the numerous sites devoted to Arab-Israeli conflict are:
http://www.caabu.org/press/documents/arab-israeli-documents.html
http://www.mfa.gov.il/mfa/
http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/myths/mftoc.html
http://www.pna.gov.ps/index.asp
http://www.zmag.org/meastwatch/meastwat.cfm
NB: Caution should be exercised in relying on internet sites alone for this course.
School of Humanities and Social Science
9
HIST 3672: Israel and the Middle East
Lecture & Tutorial Programme, Semester I 2009
WEEK
DATE
LECT/VIDEO
1
2 March
Contentious History:
Israel & the Middle
East
2
9 March
The Ottoman Empire
& Arab nationalism
Introduction &
organisation
3
16 March
Colonialism and
Zionism
Palestine and the rise
of Arab nationalism
4 Library assignment
due Tue 24 March
23 March
World War I and the
Middle East
Zionism
5
30 March
The British Mandate
in Palestine
Sykes-Picot to Balfour
6 Essay plan due Tue 7
April
6 April
The ‘Holocaust’,
Palestine and Israel
Land, Immigration &
White papers
mid-Semester recess
10-17 April
mid-semester recess
7 Essay plan return:
times to be set
20 April
The UN & the
establishment of Israel
Partition of Palestine:
‘al-Nakba’
8
27 April
1967 ‘Six Day’ War &
Rise of the PLO
1967 ‘Six Day’ War
9
4 May
Cold War and the
Middle East
Rise of the PLO
10 Essay due 5pm
11 May
Camp David Accords
Camp David Accords
Frid 8 May
TUTORIAL
(1978)
11
18 May
The Lebanon War &
Intifada I
The First Intifada
12
25 May
Israeli-PLO Accord to
‘Road Map’ to peace
Peace of the brave?
Israeli-PLO Accord
13
1 June
Class Test
School of Humanities and Social Science
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HIST 3672: Israel and the Middle East
Lecturer
Room
e-mail
phone
Consultation
COURSE DETAILS
Dr Roger Markwick
MCLG34a
[email protected]
4921 7122
Monday: 2-3
Tuesday: 2-3
Other times by appointment
Contact hours
1 x 2hr lectures per week (second hour may be video)
1 x 2 hour tutorial per week
Timetable
Lectures:
Monday: 3-5pm:
SRLT3
Tutorials: Tuesday: 9-11 am:
Tuesday: 11-1 pm:
Tuesday: 3-5pm:
Assessment
Task
tutorial paper – 2,000 words
Value
20%
GP130
MCLG44
MCG25
Due Date
1 week following
presentation
In class Tuesday 24 March
Library assignment – 500
5%
words
Essay plan – 500 words
5%
In class Tuesday 7 April
Essay – 4,000 words
40%
5pm Friday 8 May
Tutorial participation
15%
Class Test
15%
Tuesday 6 June
Participation and assessment
The more you put into this course the more you will get out of it. You should attend the lectures
(which will occasionally involve film) because they provide the framework for the course and the
issues addressed in it, which will be examined in the final class test. Please note that 35% of your
assessment is derived from the tutorials (20% from written papers + 15% participation).
Tutorials and your participation in them are the backbone of this course. You are expected to
attend. A record of tutorial attendance will be kept.
Tutorial format
Document discussion, mainly drawn from the textbook, Bickerson & Klausner, A Concise
History of the Arab Israeli Conflict, will kick off the tutorials.
Document discussion will be followed by a formal student presentation.
You are required to present your response to the principal question for one tutorial of your
choice. Ideally, this should be about 10 minutes duration, based on brief notes.
You should be prepared to discuss the documents provided in Bickerson & Klausner and
the items designated ‘Essential Reading’ (listed in the Course guide) and the perspectives
of other historians listed under ‘Recommended Reading’. You are not expected to have all
the answers, rather to raise the issues the tutorials should be discussing.
School of Humanities and Social Science
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On the basis of discussion, you must submit a written version of your response in the form of a 2,000 word tutorial
paper at the following tutorial or through Turn it in. The tutorial paper requires a Bibliography and references.
There should be a minimum of 5 additional readings beyond the Textbook.
Students will select their topics for presentation at the first tutorial meeting.
Tutorial participation marks will be allocated as follows:
10-9
Always appears to have read widely; always makes stimulating contributions to group discussion
8
7
Usually appears to have read widely; usually makes stimulating contributions to discussion
Usually appears to have read; usually makes worthwhile contributions to discussion
6
5
4-0
Sometimes appears to have read; usually makes a contribution to discussion
Sometimes appears to have read; sometimes makes a contribution to discussion
Little or no reading; few or no contributions to discussion
It is not enough to attend tutorials. No marks will be given for simply sitting in class.
Library assignment – 500 words: due Tuesday 24 March
Find the meaning of the following terms, using a dictionary or encyclopaedia of historical
or political terms (do NOT use an ordinary dictionary of the English language nor a
website):
• Colonialism
• caliphate
• nationalism
• imperialism
• mandate
• racism
• Holocaust
• Islam
• Judaism
• Zionism
For each answer
•
•
•
provide the source exactly as you would reference an essay according to the
University of Chicago system (author, title, place, publisher, date, page etc.).
If you repeat a source, give an abbreviated reference in the correct form.
Give the call number for the item.
Essay plan – 500 words. Due in class Tuesday 7 April
Essay writing is an acquired art. It takes planning and skill. This exercise is preparation for
your major essay. Once you have chosen your essay topic you should write a 250-word
(approximately 1 page) outline as follows:
• An introductory paragraph in which you analyse the question, indicate how you will
the question and foreshadow your conclusion.
• 4-5 main points that will be included in the essay
• A short concluding paragraph.
• A brief (no more than 5 items at this stage) Bibliography, divided into Primary &
Secondary sources.
You don’t have to have all the answers at this stage. The task is to outline a possible
answer to the essay question you have chosen. Your plan will be assessed & returned to
you to help you write your essay. For advice on essay writing see the School of
Humanities and Social Science:
http://www.newcastle.edu.au/school-old/hss/images/HistEssayWritingGuide.doc
School of Humanities and Social Science
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Essays are due by 5pm Friday 8 May No essay will be accepted after Friday
29 May unless there has been a written, documented request for an
extension in advance.
No extensions will be given without a medical certificate or other formal documentation.
Requests for extensions should be submitted in writing.
Late essays and assignments will be penalised: 10% of the value of the assignment
per week or part thereof.
•
Do not hand essays to me or put them under my office door. They should be
submitted through the School, with the appropriate cover sheet.
•
No plastic covers please. Word-processed essays are preferred, but legible
handwriting is acceptable. Illegible essays will be returned for rewriting.
•
Students must take care to observe the History discipline’s requirements in terms of
referencing, the ‘Chicago system’.
You may choose to write an essay based on a seminar question but the essay topic you choose must be quite distinct
from your seminar paper.
Students may also choose to develop their own question, but only with my
agreement. You will need to provide a bibliography to show that the sources are available.
You are welcome to discuss your essay. You are expected to develop an argument based
on your own evaluation of the sources, both primary and secondary. Assessment will be
based on your research, your analysis and the development of your argument, including
clarity of expression. Please consult the School of School of Humanities and Social
Science ‘Essay Writing Guide’ for more details on the writing, format and submitting of
essays.
http://www.newcastle.edu.au/school-old/hss/images/HistEssayWritingGuide.doc
Class Test. A 1 ½ -hour class test will be held on Tuesday 1 June. Attendance
at the test is compulsory. Only documented medical conditions or personal
circumstances will be accepted as reasons for absence.
The test will require you to answer questions that will address issues raised in the lectures
and tutorials. More details will be given later in the course.
Completion of assignments
The completion of all major assignments and tests is a threshold requirement for passing any course
in History. Any student who does not make a reasonable attempt at passing all pieces of
assessment worth twenty percent of their mark or more will not be passed, regardless of how
well the student scores on other assessment tasks.
Students should thus note that attendance at class tests and exams is compulsory. Under exceptional
circumstances, such as illness, bereavement, the marriage of a close relative, commitment to sporting or
cultural events of national significance, or religious observance, alternative arrangements for sitting the test
or exam may be negotiated with the subject co-ordinator. In such instances the student should notify the
subject co-ordinator well in advance.
School of Humanities and Social Science
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Holiday plans, part-time employment, visiting family and friends and sporting or cultural events of local significance only are not
recognised as valid reasons for making alternative arrangements.
Plagiarism warning. The School of Humanities and Social Science does not tolerate
plagiarism. Students who reproduce other scholar’s material will incur the penalty
outlined in the Faculty of Education and Arts plagiarism policy, a copy of which is
included with this guide. Check the statement on plagiarism included in this guide to
ensure you understand what plagiarism is and how to avoid it. Note that copying
published work is plagiarism, even if the source is acknowledged in a footnote. Note that
copying published work is plagiarism, even if the source is acknowledged in a footnote.
You are required to submit your tutorial paper and your long essay through the
plagiarism detection site, Turnitin.com.
School of Humanities and Social Science
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TUTORIAL TOPICS
Week 1
No tutorials this week
Books and articles:
*denotes Short loan
# denotes 3-day loan.
[EAI] denotes: accessible through The Electronic Library, Auchmuty Library;
[JSTOR] denotes: accessible through The Electronic Library
[on line]
Week 2
Introduction
This will be primarily an organisational meeting. It will also be an opportunity to discuss the approach and
objectives of the course.
Week 3
Palestine and the rise of Arab nationalism
This tutorial will consider social and political developments in Palestine in the late
nineteenth and early–twentieth centuries. At that time Palestine was dominated by the
Turkish Ottoman Empire, but its authority was being challenged from without by European
powers such as Britain and France and from within by Arab nationalism. We will consider
the structure of Palestinian society, its political and religious makeup, the impact of
colonialism and the emergence of Arab nationalism
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 1-1: ‘Program of the League of the Arab Fatherland:
Negib Azoury’.
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 1-2: ‘Announcement to the Arabs, Sons of Qahtan’.
Document questions
1. What was ‘liberal about the Arab League’s program’?
2. How was the role of the religious caliphate envisaged in the Arab League’s
program’?
3. Against whom was the 1914 manifesto of the Arab nationalists directed and why?
4. What stance did the 1914 manifesto take towards the role of religion in their
struggle?
Tutorial Question:
What factors gave rise to Arab nationalism in the decades before the First World War?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History of the Arab Israeli Conflict, Ch 1.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 1-2.
Recommended Reading:
Choueiri, Youssef. M. Arab Nationalism: A History. Oxford: Blackwell, 2001.
School of Humanities and Social Science
15
Dawisha, Adeed. Arab Nationalism in the Twentieth Century: From Triumph to Despair . Princeton, NJ,
Princeton University Press, 2003.
Gelvin, James L. ‘The League of Nations and the question of national identity in the Fertile Crescent. (Wilson
and the League of Nations, part 2)’, World Affairs, Summer 1995 v. 158 n. 1 pp. 35-44. [EAI: Text]
Haddad, Mahmoud, ‘Arab religious nationalism in the colonial era: rereading Rashid Rida’s ideas on the
caliphate’, The Journal of the American Oriental Society, April-June 1997 v. 117 n. 2 p. 253-78.
Hopwood, Derek. Arab Nation: Arab Nationalism. Basingstoke, Hants Palgrave 2000.
Khalidi, Rashid et a l. (eds.), The Origins of Arab Nationalism (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1991), Intro. & Part 1.
Khalidi, Rashid, ‘Arab Nationalism: historical problems in the literature’, American
Historical Review, Dec 1991 v. 96 n. 5, pp. 1363-74.
Khalidi, Rashid, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness
(New York: Columbia University Press, 1998), Ch. 1-4.
Khalidi, Rashid, Before Their Diaspora: A Photographic History of the Palestinians, 18761948 (Washington, DC, Institute for Palestinian Studies, 1985, reissued 1991), Part 1.
Khoury, Philip S. et al (eds), Urban Notables and Arab Nationalism: The Politics of
Damascus 1860-1920 (Cambridge: Cambridge Middle East Library, 2003), Ch. 3.
Kramer, Martin, ‘Arab Nationalism: mistaken identity’, Daedalus, Summer 1993 v.122, n. 3,
pp. 171-207. [EAI: Text]
McCarthy, Justin, The Population of Palestine (New York: Columbia University Press,
1990).
Neff, Donald, ‘The Palestinians and Zionism: 1897-1948’, Middle East Policy, Sept 1995 v.
4 n. 1-2, pp. 156-75. [EAI].
*Ovendale, Ritchie, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli wars, 2nd edn. (London; New York:
Longman, 1992), Ch. 1. 956.04 OVEN 1992
*Pappe, Ilan, A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples (New York; Port
Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2004), Ch. 1-2. 956.9405 PAPP
*Rodinson, Maxime, Islam and capitalism (London, Allen Lane, 1974) 330.956/7
*Said, Edward, The Question of Palestine (New York, Vintage books, 1992), Part One.
School of Humanities and Social Science
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WEEK 4
Zionism
‘Zionism’ is the most contentious issue in the history of Palestinian – Israeli relations. This
tutorial will consider the origins, meaning and impact of Zionism in the Middle East prior
the First World War.
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 1-3: ‘Theodor Herzl, Der Judenstaat (The Jews’ State)
(1896).
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 1-4: ‘The Basel’s Declaration’.
Document questions
1. What was ‘the Jewish question’ for Herzl?
2. What was the objective of Herzl’s ‘Plan’??
3. What role did labour play in Herzl’s ‘Plan’?
4. What were the Basel’s Declaration’s aims and means to achieve them?
Tutorial Question:
What was Zionism before the First World War?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 1, pp 20-34.
*Said, Edward, The Question of Palestine (New York, Vintage books, 1992), Part Two.
Recommended Reading:
Black, Eugene C., ‘A typological study of English Zionists’, Jewish Social Studies, Spring-Summer 2003, v. 9 (3),
pp. 20- 57. [EAI]
#Cohen, Michael J., The origins and evolution of the Arab-Zionist conflict (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1987). 956.03 COHE & 956.03/22
Friedman, Isaiah, Germany, Turkey, and Zionism, 1897-1918 (Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1977).
Laqueur, Walter, A History of Zionism: From the French Revolution to the Establishment of the State of Israel
(New York: Schocken Books, 2003), Ch. 1-3.
Khalidi, Rashid, Palestinian Identity: The Construction of Modern National Consciousness (New York: Columbia
University Press, 1998), Ch. 5-6.
Mccune, Mary, ‘Social Workers in the Muskeljudentum: "Hadassah Ladies," "Manly Men" and the
Significance of Gender in the American Zionist Movement, 1912-1928’, American Jewish History, June
1998, pp. 135-64 [EAI].
Mendes-Flohr, Paul and Jehuda Reinharz (eds.) The Jew in the Modern World: A Documentary History, 2nd
edition (New York: Oxford University Press, 1995), Ch. X.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 1-2.
Neff, Donald, ‘The Palestinians and Zionism: 1897-1948’, Middle East Policy, Sept
1995 v. 4 n. 1-2, pp. 156-75 [EAI].
*Ovendale, Ritchie, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli wars, 2nd edn. (London; New York: Longman, 1992), Ch. 1.
956.04 OVEN 1992
Raider, Mark A., ‘From immigrant party to American movement: American labor Zionism in the pre-state
period’, American Jewish History, Annual 1994, v. 82 n. 1-4, pp. 159-93.
School of Humanities and Social Science
17
Rodinson, Maxime, Israel, a Colonial-Settler State? (Anchor Foundation, 1973).
*Rodinson, Maxime, Cult, ghetto, and state: the persistence of the Jewish question (London: Al Saqi Books, 1983)
305.8924/9
*Rose, Jacqueline, The Question of Zion (Melbourne: Melbourne Uni Press, 2005)
Shafir, Gershon, Land, Labor and the Origins of the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict, 1882-1914 (University of
California Press; first published 1989, reprint edition, 1996), Ch. 1-3.
Shilo, Margalit, ‘The immigration policy of the Zionist institutions 1882-1914’, Middle Eastern Studies, July 1994,
v. 30 n. 3, pp. 597-618 [EAI].
Stone, Lilo, ‘German Zionists in Palestine before 1933’, Journal of Contemporary History, April 1997, v. 32, n. 2,
pp.171-87. [JSTOR]
#Weizmann, Chaim, Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (Greenwood; reprint, 1972, first
published 1949) 956.94/8
Essay plan – 500 words. Due Tues 7 April
School of Humanities and Social Science
18
WEEK 5
Sykes-Picot to Balfour
This tutorial looks at the complex rivalries between the European colonial powers in the
Middle East, principally Britain and France, and how they shaped the developments in the
region.
Documents
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 2-1 to 2-3: Hussein-McMahon Correspondence (1915).
Bickerson & Klausner: Map 2-1 (p.40): ‘The Sykes-Picot Agreement, 1916’.
Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 2-4: ‘The Balfour Declaration’ (2 November 1917).
Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 2-5: ‘British Cabinet Discussion on Support for Zionism’
(4 October 1917)
Document questions
1. What were the stated objectives of Sherif Hussein?
What were the stated objectives of Sir Henry McMahon?
How did Hussein and McMahon qualify their objectives?
2. Under Sykes-Picot Agreement, how did Britain and France divide the Middle East?
3. What did Balfour offer the Zionists and how was it qualified?
4. On what grounds did Edwin Montague object to Palestine being declared a Jewish
‘national home’?
Tutorial Question:
What role did Britain play in the Middle East, 1915-17?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 2, pp. 36-47.
*Pappe, Ilan, A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples (New York; Port
Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2004), Ch. 2. 956.9405 PAPP
Recommended Reading:
Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim (ed.), The Transformation of Palestine: Essays on the Origin and
Development of the Arab-Israeli Conflict (Evanston, ILL. Northwestern University
Press, 1971).
Antonius, George, The Arab Awakening: The Story of the Arab National Movement (Simon
Publications: 2001, first published 1938).
Black, Eugene C., ‘A typological study of English Zionists’, Jewish Social Studies, Spring-Summer 2003, v. 9 (3),
pp. 20- 57. [EAI]
Brecher, F.W., ‘French policy toward the Levant 1914-18’, Middle Eastern Studies, Oct
1993 v. 29 n. 4, pp. 641-64 [EAI].
*Caplan, Neil. ‘Zionist visions of Palestine, 1917-1936’, The Muslim World, (Special Issue:
Palestine and the Arab-Israeli Conflict) Jan-April 1994 v. 84 n.1-2 pp. 19-36.
#Cohen, Michael J., The origins and evolution of the Arab-Zionist conflict (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1987). 956.03 COHE & 956.03/22
Fitzgerald, Edward Peter, ‘France's Middle Eastern ambitions, the Sykes-Picot
negotiations, and the oil fields of Mosul, 1915-1918’, The Journal of Modern History,
Dec 1994, v. 66, n. 4, pp. 697-26. [on line]
Friedman, Isaiah, Palestine: A Twice-Promised Land? Vol. 1: The British, the Arabs, and
Zionism, 1915-1920 (Somerset, NJ: Transaction Publishers, 2000)
School of Humanities and Social Science
19
*Fromkin, David, A peace to end all peace: creating the modern Middle East, 1914-1922
(New York: H. Holt, 1989) 327.41056
Gelvin, James L. ‘The League of Nations and the question of national identity in the Fertile
Crescent. (Wilson and the League of Nations, part 2)’, World Affairs, Summer 1995 v.
158 n. 1 pp. 35-44. [EAI: Text]
Gilmour, David, The unregarded prophet: Lord Curzon and the Palestine question.’,
Journal of Palestine Studies, Spring 1996, v. 25 n. 3, pp. 60-69. [JSTOR]
*Huneidi, Sahar, ‘Was Balfour policy reversible?: the colonial office and Palestine, 192123.’, Journal of Palestine Studies, Wntr 1998, v. 27 n. 2, pp. 22-41. [JSTOR]
Hurwitz, David Lyon, ‘Churchill and Palestine’, Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life
and Thought, Wntr 1995, v. 44 n. 1, pp. 3-33. [EAI: Text]
#Kedourie, Elie, England and the Middle East: the destruction of the Ottoman Empire,
1914-1921 (London: Mansell; Boulder: Westview Press, 1987) 327.42056 KEDO
#Kedourie, Elie, In the Anglo-Arab Labyrinth: The McMahon-Husayn Correspondence and
Its Interpretations 1914-1939, 2nd edition (Frank Cass, 2000).
Khalidi, Walid (ed), From haven to conquest; readings in Zionism and the Palestine
problem until 1948 (Beirut, Institute for Palestine Studies, 1971) [Green Closed stack:
956.94001/4]
Lesch, Ann Mosely, Arab politics in Palestine, 1917-1939: The frustration of a nationalist
movement (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1979).
*Leven, Mark, ‘The Balfour Declaration: a case of mistaken identity’, The English Historical
Review, Jan 1992, v. 107, n. 422, pp. 54-78.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 3.
Neff, Donald, ‘The Palestinians and Zionism: 1897-1948’, Middle East Policy, Sept 1995 v.
4 n. 1-2, pp. 156-75. [EAI: Text].
*Ovendale, Ritchie, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli wars, 2nd edn. (London; New York:
Longman, 1992), Ch. 2. 956.04 OVEN 1992
*Pappe, Ilan, A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples (New York; Port
Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2004), Ch. 2. 956.9405 PAPP
Reinharz, Jehuda, ‘The Balfour Declaration and its maker: a reassessment’, The Journal
of Modern History, Sept 1992 v.64 n. 3, pp. 455-500. [on line]
*Sanders, Ronald, The high walls of Jerusalem: a history of the Balfour Declaration and
the birth of the British mandate for Palestine (New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston,
1984). 956.94001/41
*Segev, Tom, One Palestine, complete: Jews and Arabs under the British mandate
(London: Abacus, 2001) 956.9404 SEGE 2001
#Weizmann, Chaim, Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (Greenwood;
reprint, 1972, first published 1949) 956.94/8
School of Humanities and Social Science
20
WEEK 6
Land, Immigration & White papers
After World War I the League of Nations entrusted the Middle East to the two major
colonial powers, Britain and France. This tutorial looks at the way this mandate facilitated
Zionist aspirations at the expense of the Arabs. At issue were immigration and land. The
documents primarily follow the twists and turns of British mandate policy in relation to
Jewish immigration and Arab resistance.
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 2-8 ‘Recommendations of the King-Crane Commission’
(28 August 1919).
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 2-9: ‘The Churchill White Paper’ (1922).
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 2-10: ‘The Peel Commission’ (1937).
4. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 2-11: ‘The 1939 White Paper on Palestine’.
Document questions
1. How did the American King-Crane Commission view the Zionists programme for
Palestine?
2. What attitude did the Churchill White Paper take to the creation of a Jewish national
home?
3. On what grounds did the Peel Commission advocate partition of Palestine?
4. Why did the 1939 White Paper propose an end to Jewish immigration?
Tutorial Question:
Outline and explain the shifts of British policy in relation to Palestine between 1919 and
1939.
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 2, pp. 47-64.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001), Ch. 4. 956 MORR
Recommended Reading:
*Arie, Perliger & Weinberg Leonard, ‘Jewish Self-Defence and Terrorist Groups Prior to
the Establishment of the State of Israel: Roots and Traditions’, Totalitarian
Movements and Political Religions, Dec 2003 v. 4 (3) pp. 91-119.
Black, Eugene C., ‘A typological study of English Zionists’, Jewish Social Studies, SpringSummer 2003, v. 9 (3), pp. 20- 57. [EAI]
#Cohen, Michael J., The origins and evolution of the Arab-Zionist conflict (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1987). 956.03 COHE & 956.03/22
Davidson, Lawrence ‘The State Department And Zionism, 1917-1945: A Reevaluation’,
Middle East Policy, Oct 1999, v. 7 (1), pp. 21-38. [].
Forman, Geremy & Alexandre Kedar, ‘Colonialism, colonization, and land law in: the Zor
al-Zarqa and Barrat Qisarya land disputes in historical perspective’, Theoretical
Inquiries in Law, July 2003, v. 4 (2) 28 pp. [EAI].
Gelvin, James L. ‘The League of Nations and the question of national identity in the Fertile
Crescent. (Wilson and the League of Nations, part 2)’, World Affairs, Summer 1995 v.
158 n. 1 pp. 35-44. [EAI]
Hacohen, Dvora, ‘British immigration policy to Palestine in the 1930s: implications for
youth aliyah’, Middle Eastern Studies, Oct 2001 v.37 (4), pp. 206-19. [EAI]
School of Humanities and Social Science
21
Hurwitz, David Lyon, ‘Churchill and Palestine’, Judaism: A Quarterly Journal of Jewish Life
and Thought, Wntr 1995, v. 44 n. 1, pp. 3-33. [EAI]
Kaufman, Asher, ‘Phoenicianism: The Formation of an Identity in Lebanon in 1920’, Middle
Eastern Studies, Jan 2001 v. 37 (1), pp. 173- [EAI]
Khalaf, Issa, ‘The effect of socioeconomic change on Arab societal collapse in Mandate
Palestine’, International Journal of Middle East Studies, Feb 1997 v. 29 n.1 pp. 93113. [on line]
Khoury, Philip S. Syria and the French mandate: the politics of Arab nationalism, 19201945 (Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, 1987).956.91041/1
Lesch, Ann Mosely, Arab politics in Palestine, 1917-1939: The frustration of a nationalist
movement (Ithaca, New York: Cornell University Press, 1979)
#Mayer, Arno Ploughshares into Swords (Verso, 2008) 956.9405 MAYE
Miller, Rory, ‘Bible and soil: Walter Clay Lowdermilk, the Jordan Valley project and the
Palestine debate’, Middle Eastern Studies, April 2003 v. 39 (2), pp. 55-82. . [EAI:
Text].
Miller, Rory, ‘Sir Ronald Storrs and Zion: The Dream that Turned into a Nightmare’, Middle
Eastern Studies, July 2000 v. 36 (3) pp. 114-45. [EAI: Text & PDF].
Neff, Donald, ‘The Palestinians and Zionism: 1897-1948’, Middle East Policy, Sept 1995 v.
4 n. 1-2, pp. 156-75. [EAI: Text].
*Ovendale, Ritchie, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli wars, 2nd edn. (London; New York:
Longman, 1992), Ch. 3-4. 956.04 OVEN 1992
*Pappe, Ilan, A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples (New York; Port
Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2004), Ch. 3. 956.9405 PAPP
Reguer, Sara, ‘Rutenberg and the Jordan River: a revolution in hydro-electricity’, Middle
Eastern Studies, Oct 1995 v.31 n. 4 pp. 691-730. [EAI: Text & PDF].
Rook, Robert E., ‘An American in Palestine: Elwood Mead and Zionist Water Resource
Planning, 1923-1936, Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Wntr 2000 v’. 22 (1) pp. 71-90
[EAI].
Schaebler, Birgit, ‘Coming to Terms with Failed Revolutions: Historiography in Syria,
Germany and France,’ Middle Eastern Studies, Jan 1999, v. 35 (1), pp. 17-35 [EAI:].
*Segev, Tom, One Palestine, complete: Jews and Arabs under the British mandate
(London: Abacus, 2001) 956.9404 SEGE 2001
Shamir, Ronen et al, The Colonies of Law: Colonialism, Zionism and Law in Early
Mandate Palestine (Cambridge: Cambridge Studies in Law and Society, 1999), Ch.
1.
Shenhav, Y., ‘The Phenomenology of Colonialism and the Politics of “Difference”: European Zionist Emissaries
and Arab-Jews in Colonial Abadan’, Social Identities, Annual 2002, v. 8 (4), pp. 521-45.
Stein, Kenneth, The Land Question in Palestine, 1917-1939 (University of North Carolina Press; reprint, 1987),
esp. Ch. 2.
Yazbak, M, ‘The Arabs in Haifa: From Majority to Minority, Processes of Change (18701948), Israel Affairs, Winter 2003 v.9 (1) pp. 121-49. [on line]
#Weizmann, Chaim, Trial and Error: The Autobiography of Chaim Weizmann (Greenwood; reprint, 1972, first
published 1949) 956.94/8
School of Humanities and Social Science
22
WEEK 7
Partition of Palestine: ‘al-Nakba’
World War II was a turning point in 20th century world affairs, not least in the Middle East.
Nazism’s genocidal Holocaust against European Jewry added impetus for the
establishment of a Jewish state in the Middle East. The collapse of British power in the
region opened the way to its realisation in 1948, with the endorsement of the United
Nations. But the partition of Palestine and the establishment of Israel came at terrible
price: the first Arab-Israeli war and the Palestinian Diaspora – ‘al-Nakba’ (‘the
catastrophe’) as the Palestinians call it.
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 3-2: ‘Declaration by the Extraordinary Zionist
Conference’ (11 May 1942).
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 3-3: ‘The Zionist Case: Golda Meir Testimony’ (25
March 1946)
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 3-4: ‘The Palestine Arab Case’ (29 September 1947).
4. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 3-5: ‘UNSCOP’s Plan of Partition (31 August, 1947).
Document questions
1. What reasons did the Zionist Biltmore conference give for founding a ‘Jewish
Commonwealth’ in Palestine?
2. According to Gold Meir, what were the two principal aims of Zionism?
3. What three claims of ‘World Jewry’ did the Arab Higher Committee dispute?
4. On what grounds did UNSCOP propose partition of Palestine?
Tutorial Question:
What role did the Holocaust play in the establishment of Israel?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 3 and 4.
*Zertal, Idith, Israel's Holocaust and the Politics of Nationhood (Cambridge University
Press: 2005), Introduction & Ch.3. 940.5318 ZERT 2005
Recommended Reading:
Amin Morsy, Laila, ‘Indicative cases of Britain's wartime policy in Egypt, 1942-44’, Middle
Eastern Studies, Jan 1994 v. 30 n.1, pp.91-323 [EAI]
Arieh, Kochavi, ‘Indirect pressure: Moscow and the end of the British mandate in
Palestine’, Israel Affairs, Oct 2004 v.10 (1) pp. 60-77. [on line]
Bennis, Phyllis, ‘The United Nations and Palestine: partition and its aftermath’, Arab
Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Summer 1997, v. 19 n. 3 pp. 47-77. [EAI].
#Bauer, Yehuda, A history of the Holocaust (New York: F. Watts, 1982), 940.5318
BAUE-1
#Cohen, Michael J., The origins and evolution of the Arab-Zionist conflict (Berkeley:
University of California Press, 1987). 956.03 COHE & 956.03/22
Encyclopedia of the Holocaust [edited by] Robert Rozette, Shmuel Spector (New York:
Facts on File, 2000). RQ940.531803 ROZE
*Evensen, Bruce J., ‘Truman, Palestine and the Cold War’, Middle Eastern Studies, Jan
1992 v. 28 n.1 pp. 120-57.
*Ghabra, Shafeeq, ‘National independence in the Arab world: the case of the Palestinians’,
Journal of Arab Affairs, Spring 1992 v. 11 n. 1 pp. 68-91.
#Hilberg, Raul, The destruction of the European Jews (New York: Octagon Books, 1978)
940.5318 HILB
School of Humanities and Social Science
23
Jasse, Richard L., ‘Great Britain and Palestine towards the United Nations’, Middle
Eastern Studies, July 1994, v. 30 n. 3 pp. 558-79. [EAI].
*Khalidi, Walid, ‘Revisiting the UNGA partition resolution’, Journal of Palestine Studies,
Autumn 1997 v. 27 n.1, pp. 5-22. [JSTOR]
*Krystall, Nathan, ‘The de-Arabization of West Jerusalem 1947-50’, Journal of Palestine
Studies, Wntr 1998, v. 27 n. 2 pp. 5-23. [JSTOR]
Lesch, David W. ‘When the relationship went sour: Syria and the Eisenhower
administration. (Wheeling and Dealing in the White House)’, Presidential Studies
Quarterly, Wntr 1998, v. 28 n. 1 pp.92-108. [EAI].
Mandel, Daniel, ‘Dr. H. V. Evatt at the United Nations: a crucial role in the 1947 partition
resolution for Palestine, Australian Historical Studies, April 1999 v.30 (112), pp. 13052. [EBSCO: Text].
*Morris, Benny, The birth of the Palestinian refugee problem, 1947-1949 (Cambridge; New
York: Cambridge University Press, 1987). 362.87089927/1
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 5.
*Neville, Peter, The Holocaust (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). 940.5318
NEVI
Noam Penkower, Monty, ‘The Genesis of the American Council for Judaism: A Quest for
Identity in World War II,’ American Jewish History, June 1998, pp. 167-81 [EAI: Text].
*Nofal, Mamdouh et al, ‘Reflections on Al-Nakba,’ Journal of Palestine Studies, Autumn
1998 v. 28 (1) pp.5-8. [JSTOR]
*Novick, Peter, The Holocaust and collective memory: the American experience, (London :
Bloomsbury, 2001), Ch. 4. 940.5318 NOVI
Ofer, Dalia, Escaping the Holocaust: Illegal Immigration to the Land of Israel, 1939-1944
(Studies in Jewish History) (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1991).
Ofer, Dalia ‘Linguistic conceptualization of the Holocaust in Palestine and Israel, 1942-53’,
Journal of Contemporary History, July 1996 v. 31 n. 3 pp. 567-596. [JSTOR]
Ovendale, Ritchie, Britain, the United States, and the End of the Palestine Mandate, 19421948 (Woodbridge: Boydell P., for Royal Historical Soc., 1989).
*Ovendale, Ritchie, The Origins of the Arab-Israeli wars, 2nd edn. (London; New York:
Longman, 1992), Ch. 5-6. 956.04 OVEN 1992
*Pappe, Ilan, A history of modern Palestine: one land, two peoples (New York; Port
Melbourne: Cambridge University Press, 2004), Ch. 4. 956.9405 PAPP
*Pappe, Ilan, The Ethnic Cleansing of Palestine (One World: 2006), esp. Ch. 2-4.
Piterburg, Gabriel, The Returns of Zionism (Verso, 2008)
#Rubin, Barry, The great powers in the Middle East 1941-1947: the road to the Cold War
(London: Cass, 1980) 327.56/7
#Shlaim, Avi, The Politics of Partition: King Abdullah, the Zionists and Palestine, 19211951 (Oxford University Press; Abridged edition 1998).
Tydor Baumel, Judith, ‘Bridging myth and reality: the absorption of She'erit Hapletah in
Eretz Yisrael, 1945-48’, Middle Eastern Studies, April 1997 v. 33 n. 2, pp. 362-83
[EAI: Text].
#Wasserstein, Bernard, Britain and the Jews of Europe, 1939-1945 (London: Institute of
Jewish Affairs New York: Oxford University Press, 1979). 940.5318 WASS
Weitz,Yechiam, ‘Jewish refugees and Zionist policy during the Holocaust’, Middle Eastern
Studies, April 1994 v. 30 n. 2, pp. 351-69. [EAI].
#Wyman, David S. The abandonment of the Jews: America and the Holocaust, 1941-1945
(New York: Pantheon Books, 1984) 940.5318 BRAH
#Zertal, Idith, From Catastrophe to Power: Holocaust Survivors and the Emergence of
Israel (University of California Press: 1998).
School of Humanities and Social Science
24
WEEK 8
1967 ‘Six Day’ War
After the 1956 Suez-Sinai war, the Middle East became increasingly entangled with the
Cold War. Israel and the more conservative Arab states, such as the monarchies of
Jordan and Saudi Arabia, were increasingly allied with and armed by the USA. Likewise,
the nationalistic, anti-colonial Arab states, chiefly Nasser’s Egypt, Syria and Iraq, after the
overthrow of the monarchy in 1958, increasingly allied themselves with the Soviet Union,
which armed them. In this decade Israel consolidated itself as a power in the Middle East
while the Palestinians, dispersed in refugee camps, established their own Palestine
Liberation Organisation (PLO) in May 1964. Meanwhile, tensions remained high between
the ‘radical’ Arab states and Israel, erupting in war in June 1967.
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 6-1: ‘Nasser’s Speech to the Egyptian National
Assembly’ (29 May 1967).
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 6-2: ‘Speech by Abba Eban, Israeli Foreign Minister …
on Israel’s Reasons for Going to War’ (6 June 1967).
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 6-3: ‘UN Security Council Resolution 242’ (22
November 1967).
4. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 6-4: ‘Principles Guiding Israel’s Policy in the Aftermath
of the June 1967 War’(9 August 1967)
Doc. 6-5: ‘Resolutions of the Khartoum Conference’(1
September 1967).
Document questions
1. What justifications did President Nasser give for confronting Israel and its Western
supporters?
2. What justifications did Israeli Foreign Minister Eban give for Israel’s need to go to
war?
3. What were the basic principles and demands expressed in UN Security Council
Resolution 242 (22 November, 1967)?
4. What were the basic foreign policy principles enunciated by Israel and the Arabs in
the aftermath of the so-called ‘Six day’ war?
Tutorial Question:
To what extent, if at all, did Nasser provoke war in June 1967?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 6.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 7.
Recommended Reading:
#Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim (ed), The Arab-Israeli confrontation of June 1967: An Arab
perspective (Evanston, Ill. Northwestern University Press, 1970).
#Bar-Yaacov, Nissim, The Israel-Syrian armistice: problems of implementation, 1949-1966
(Jerusalem: Magnes Press, The Hebrew University, 1967) 327.5694/2
*Bowen, Jeremy, Six Days: How the 1967 War Shaped the Middle East. (St. Martin's:
Thomas Dunne Bks, 2005)
Cohen, Avner, ‘Cairo, Dimona, and the June 1967 war’, The Middle East Journal, Spring
1996 v.50 n.2 pp.190-211. [on line]
Dawisha, Adeed, ‘Requiem for Arab nationalism’, Middle East Quarterly, Wntr 2003 v.10 i1
pp. 25-41. [EAI]
School of Humanities and Social Science
25
Dupuy, Trevor N., Elusive victory: The Arab-Israeli wars, 1947-1974 (New York, Harper &
Row, 1978). 956.04/9
(editorial), ‘The six-day war and Jewish power’, The New Republic, June 8, 1987, v. 196,
pp. 7-10. [EAI]
Glassman, Jon D., Arms for the Arabs: the Soviet Union and war in the Middle East
(Baltimore : Johns Hopkins University Press, 1975) 327.47056/12
Moshe, Gat, Britain and the Conflict in the Middle East, 1964-1967: The Coming of the
Six-Day War (Praeger Publishers, 2003)
Moshe, Gat, ‘Britain on the Eve of the Six Day War: The British Effort to End the Egyptian
Blockade on the Straits of Tiran’, The Review of International Affairs, March 2004, v.3
(3), pp. 393-416. [on line]
*Oren, Michael B. Six Days of War: June 1967 and the Making of the Modern Middle East
(Oxford University Press, 2002).
#Parker, Richard B. (ed.), The Six-Day War: A Retrospective (University Press of Florida,
1996)
Pedatzur, Reuve, ‘Coming back full circle: the Palestinian option in 1967’, The Middle East
Journal, Spring 1995 v. 49 n. 2 pp. 269-91. [on line]
Rodman, David, ‘The Diplomatic Prelude to the Six-Day War’, Midstream, May 2001 v. 47
(4), pp. 8-13. [EAI]
Troen, S. Ilan & Zaki Shalom, ‘Ben-Gurion's Diary for the 1967 Six-Day War: An
Introduction’, Shalom Israel Studies, Fall 1999 v. 4 (2), pp.195. [EAI]
School of Humanities and Social Science
26
WEEK 9
Essays are due by 5pm Friday 8 May
Rise of the PLO
Defeat in the June 1967 War was a terrible blow to Arab self-esteem. Most Arab
governments, and certainly most Arab peoples, refused to reconcile themselves with
defeat or the existence of the Israeli state. But it was increasingly apparent to the
Palestinians, not least their leader Yasser Arafat, that they would have to rely on their own
strength to redress their grievances. Israeli occupation of the West Bank, the Gaza strip
and Jerusalem, bringing some 1.3 million Palestinians directly under Israeli rule,
strengthened Palestinian nationalism and resistance. The PLO, originally initiated by the
Arab League as a means of containing the Palestinians, became the principal voice for
Palestinian aspirations. Armed guerrilla warfare became their principal tactic for achieving
them.
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 7-1: ‘The Palestinian National Covenant’ (29 May
1967).
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 7-3: ‘Arab Heads of State Declaration at Rabat’ (28
October 1974).
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 7-4: ‘Israel Knesset Statement, PM Yitzhak Rabin,
Following the Rabat Conference (5 November 1974).
Document questions
1. What were the objectives of the Palestinian National Covenant and how did it aim to
achieve them?
2. What stance did the Rabat Conference take towards the Palestinians?
3. How did Israeli PM Rabin view the Rabat resolutions (5 November 1974)?
Tutorial Question:
Why was the PLO strengthened by the Arab defeat in the June 1967 War?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 7.
*Said, Edward, The Question of Palestine (New York, Vintage books, 1992), Part Three.
Recommended Reading:
Bar-Illan, David, ‘If this be peace.... (Israel and the Palestinians)’, Commentary, Feb 1995
v.99 n. 2 pp.30-6 [EAI]
*Cobban, Helena, The Palestinian Liberation Organisation: people, power, and politics
(Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press, 1984).322.42095694/3
#Gresh Alain, The PLO: the struggle within. Towards an Independent Palestinian State
(London: Zed Books, 1985).
*Hussain, Mehmood, The Palestine liberation organisation: a study in ideology, strategy
and tactics (Delhi: University Pub., 1975) 956.9405/71
#Khalidi, Rashid, The iron cage: the story of the Palestinian struggle for statehood
(Boston, MA : Beacon Press, 2007) 956.9405 KHAL 2007
#Kumaraswamy, P R (ed), Revisiting the Yom Kippur War (London: Frank Cass, 2000).
Liebman, Charles S., ‘The myth of defeat: the memory of the Yom Kippur War in Israeli
society’, Middle Eastern Studies, July 1993 v. 29 n. 3 pp. 399-19. [EAI]
School of Humanities and Social Science
27
Maksoud, Clovis’, ‘From June 1967 to June 1997: learning from our mistakes’, Arab
Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Summer 1997 v.19 n.3 pp. 98-112. [EAI]
Matthews, Weldon C. ‘The rise and demise of the left in West Bank politics: the case of the
Palestine National Front’, Arab Studies Quarterly (ASQ), Fall 1998 v.20 (4) pp. 13-26.
[EAI]
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 8
*‘The October War and its Aftermath’, Journal of Palestine Studies (Institute of Palestine
Studies Beruit and Kuwait University), Vol III, no. 2, 1974. [JSTOR]
#Rabinovich, Abraham, The Yom Kippur War: The Epic Encounter that
Transformed the Middle East (N. Y: Schocken, ).
*Rubin, Barry, Revolution Until Victory? The Politics and History of the PLO. (Cambridge,
Mass.: Harvard University Press, 1994).
*Walker, Tony and Andrew Gowers, Arafat: the biography, Rev. & updated (London:
Virgin, 2003) 956.9405 ARAF-2 WALK
*Wallach, Janet & John Wallach, Arafat: in the eyes of the beholder (1991)
#Yaniv, Avner, P.L.O. (Palestine Liberation Organization): a profile (Jerusalem: Israel
Universities Study Group for Middle Eastern Affairs, 1974) 956.9404/14
School of Humanities and Social Science
28
WEEK 10
Camp David Accords
Although Egypt had acquitted itself well in the October 1973 war, shaking Israeli confidence in its
military superiority, Anwar Sadat was anxious to shake off the economic burden of continual
military tension and Egyptian reliance on Soviet support. He sought a separate peace treaty with
Israel which would return the occupied territories. Sadat abandoned the ‘liberation’ of Palestine as
an Arab objective. US Secretary of State Henry Kissinger supported this ‘peace process’, taking
advantage of US hegemony in the region as Soviet influence waned. The result was the bilateral
peace accord between President Sadat, subsequently assassinated, and Prime Minister Menachem
Begin signed at Camp David, USA September 1978, formalised as a peace treaty signed in
Washington, March 1979.
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 8-1: ‘UN General Assembly Resolution’ (22 November
1974).
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 8-2: ‘Speech by Yasser Arafat, PLO, to the General
Assembly’ (13 November 1974).
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 8-4: ‘Framework for the Peace in the Middle East
Agreed at Camp David’ (17 September 1978).
4. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 8-6: The Likud Response to Camp David’
Doc 8-7: ‘Arab league Summit Communiqué’ (31 March 1979).
Document questions
1. What Palestinian ‘rights’ were recognised by the UN General Assembly?
2. How did Arafat explain the roots of the conflict with Israel and what kind of
Palestinian state did he envisage?
3. On what bases was the Framework for Peace established and what provisions
were made to resolve the ‘Palestinian problem’?
4. What differences were there between the Likud and Arab League responses to the
Israel-Egypt Peace Treaty (31 March 1979)?
Tutorial Question:
What were the Camp David Accords and why did Sadat and Begin sign them?
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 9-10.
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 8.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 9-10.
Recommended Reading:
Alianak, Sonia L., ‘Religion, politics and assassination in the Middle East’, World Affairs,
Wntr 1998 v. 160 n. 3 pp. 163-76. [EAI]
Feith, Douglas J., ‘Land for no peace’, Commentary, June 1994 v. 97 n. 6 pp. 32-7. [EAI]
Galanti, S. Ben-Rafael; W.E. Aaronson; I. Schnell, ‘Power and changes in the balance
between ideology and pragmatism in the right wing Likud Party’, GeoJournal, March
2001 v. 53 (3), pp. 263-73.
#Khalidi, Rashid, The iron cage: the story of the Palestinian struggle for statehood
(Boston, MA : Beacon Press, 2007) 956.9405 KHAL 2007
School of Humanities and Social Science
29
*Mosely Lesch, Ann & Mark Tessler, Israel, Egypt, and the Palestinians: From Camp
David to Intifada (Indiana Uni Press, 1989).
*Quandt, William B., Camp David: peacemaking and politics (Washington, D.C.: Brookings
Institution, 1986) 327.73056/4
*Ovendale, Ritchie, The Origins of the Arab Israeli Wars 4th edn (London: Pearson Longman,
2004), Ch. 12.
#Sadat, Anwar el-, In search of identity: an autobiography (Sydney: Collins, 1978) 962.05/28
*Said, Edward, The Question of Palestine (New York, Vintage books, 1992).
Singer, Saul, ‘Camp David, real and invented’, Middle East Quarterly, Spring 2002 v. 9 (2),
pp. 3-13. [EAI]
Telhami, Shibley, ‘From Camp David to Wye: changing assumptions in Arab-Israeli
negotiations’, The Middle East Journal, Summer 1999 v.53 (3), pp. 379-?? [on line]
#Telhami, Shibley, Power and Leadership in International Bargaining: The Path to the
Camp David Accords (Columbia University Press, 1992).
School of Humanities and Social Science
30
WEEK 11
The first ‘Intifada’
The Egypt-Israel peace treaty certainly eased relations between them, but it did not contribute to peace overall
in the Middle East. The Palestinians, far from benefiting from Israeli recognition of ‘the legitimate rights of the
Palestinian people’ and Palestinian autonomy on the West Bank as an interim measure towards their realisation,
were being denied their claims to sovereignty by the expansion of Jewish settlements. Meanwhile, peace on its
southern border enabled Israel to turn its attention to Lebanon, where the PLO had established new bases for
attacks on Israel. The stage was set for civil war in Lebanon, Israeli invasion, and Palestinian uprising in the
occupied territories: the Intifada (‘uprising’).
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 9-2: ‘Hussein’s Renunciation of Claim to the West Bank’
(31 July 1988)
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 9-3: ‘Palestinian Declaration of Independence’ (15
November 1988)
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 9-4: ‘PLO Acceptance of UN Resolutions 242 & 338’ (14
November 1988).
Doc. 9-5: ‘Arafat Statement on Israel and Terrorism’ (14
December 1988).
4. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 9-6. ‘Shamir’s Four-Point Plan’ (14 May 1989).
Document questions
1. What reasons did King Hussein give for renouncing Jordan’s claim on the West
Bank and what limitations did he set?
2. How did the PLO justify its declaration of a State of Palestine?
3. On what UN resolutions and their underlying principles did Arafat justify PLO
recognition of Israel?
4. What were the essential points in Shamir’s ‘Four-Point Plan’?
Tutorial Question:
What impact did the first Palestinian Intifada have on the political landscape in the Middle
East?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 9.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New York, Vintage 2001)
Ch. 12.
Recommended Reading:
*Abu-Amr, Ziad, ‘Hamas: a historical and political background’, Journal of Palestine
Studies, Summer 1993 v. 22 n. 4 pp.5-20. [JSTOR]
Bennis, Phyllis, ‘Palestinians look for a way in. (Palestine National Council)’, The
Nation, Nov 4, 1991 v. 253 n.15 pp. 546-50. [EAI]
Frisch, Hillel, ‘The Palestinian movement in the territories: the middle command. (Israelioccupied territories)’, Middle Eastern Studies, April 1993 v. 29 n. 2 pp. 254-75. [EAI]
#Haley, P. Edward and Lewis W. Snider (eds), Lebanon in crisis: participants and issues
(N.Y.: Syracuse University Press, 1979). 956.92044/1
*‘Henry Kissinger’s prescription for suppressing the first Intifada’, 31 January 1988.
(Special Document)’, Journal of Palestine Studies, Summer 2002 v. 31 (4), pp. 99102. [JSTOR]
*Jean-Klein, Iris, ‘Into committees, out of the house? Familiar forms in the organization of
Palestinian committee activism during the first Intifada’, American Ethnologist, Nov
2003 v.30 (4), pp. 556-78. S301.05 51
School of Humanities and Social Science
31
Johnson, P.& E. Kuttab, ‘Where Have All the Women (and Men) Gone? Reflections on
Gender and the Second Palestinian Intifada’, Feminist Review, Nov 1, 2001 v. 69 (1),
pp. 21-44. [EAI]
#Khalidi, Rashid, The iron cage: the story of the Palestinian struggle for statehood
(Boston, MA : Beacon Press, 2007) 956.9405 KHAL 2007
#Mackey, Sandra, Lebanon: death of a nation (New York: Congdon & Weed, 1989)
956.9204/4
*Mosely Lesch, Ann & Mark Tessler, Israel, Egypt, and the Palestinians: From Camp
David to Intifada (Indiana Uni Press, 1989).
*Odeh, B.J., Lebanon, dynamics of conflict: a modern political history (London: Zed
Books). 956.92043/1
#Picard, Elizabeth, Lebanon, a shattered country: myths and realities of the wars in
Lebanon (New York, N.Y.: Holmes & Meier, 1996), 956.92 PICA
Said, Edward W., ‘Palestine agenda. (Palestine National Council to discuss intifada)’, The
Nation, Dec 12, 1988 v. 247 n.18 pp. 637-40. [EAI]
*Schiff, Ze’ev, and Ehud Ya’ari, Intifada: The Palestinian Uprising--Israel's Third Front
(Simon & Schuster, 1991). 956.94054 SCHI 1990
Urban, J. Kristen, ‘Blueprint for a democratic Palestinian state: UNLU communiques and
the codification of political values for the first two years of the Intifada. (United
National Leadership of the Uprising)’, Arab Studies Quarterly, Summer 1994, v. 16 n.
3, pp. 67-78. [EAI]
*Winslow, Charles, Lebanon: war and politics in a fragmented society (London; New York:
Routledge, 1996), Ch. 8. 956.92043 WINS
School of Humanities and Social Science
32
WEEK 12
Peace of the brave? Israeli-PLO Accord
The seemingly insurmountable divide between Israel and the Palestinians finally cracked
in the early-1990s, in the wake of the first Persian Gulf War (1991). A series of
negotiations, some open (Madrid, Washington), some secret (Oslo) zigzagged around the
issues of Israel’s refusal to negotiate with the PLO or countenance a Palestinian state. The
election of a Labour Israeli government opened the way to a series of direct, secret
negotiations in late 1992, bypassing the Washington talks, culminating in the 13
September 1993 Israeli-PLO accord, signed on the White house lawn and publicly
confirmed by a handshake between Israeli prime minister Rabin, subsequently
assassinated, and PLO chairman Arafat. ‘Peace of the brave’, so it seemed, was in reach
…
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 10-3: ‘Arafat to Rabin Recognizing Israel’s Right to
Exist’ (9 September 1993);
Doc. 10-4: ‘Rabin to Arafat recognising the PLO (9 September
1993)’
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 10-5: ‘Clinton Statement at Signing of Israel-PLO
Accord’.
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 10-6: ‘Arafat Statement at Signing of Accord’.
4. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 10-7: ‘Rabin Statement at Signing of Accord’.
Document questions
1. On what bases did the PLO and Israel agree to enter into the Middle East ‘peace
process’?
2. According to US president Clinton, what were the principal milestones on the road
to the Accord?
3. What specific issues did Arafat state would be addressed by the Accord?
4. What specific issues did Rabin state would be addressed by the Accord?
Tutorial Question:
What factors led to the signing of the ‘Israeli-PLO Declaration of Principles’ in September
1993?
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 10.
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New York, Vintage 2001)
Ch. 13.
Recommended Reading:
Album, Andrew, ‘Barak the peacemaker?’, The Middle East, July-August 1999, issue 292,
pp. 5-9. [EAI]
Alianak, Sonia L., ‘Religion, politics and assassination in the Middle East’, World Affairs,
Wntr 1998 v. 160 n. 3 pp. 163-76. [EAI]
*Behar, Moshe, ‘The Peace Process and Israeli Domestic Politics in the 1990’s’,
Socialism and Democracy, Summer-Fall 2002 v. 16 (2) pp. 34-49.
Bookmiller, Robert J., ‘Likud's Jordan policy,’ Middle East Policy, Sept 1997 v. 5 n. 3, pp.
90-104. [EAI]
*Brown, Nathan J. Palestinian Politics After the Oslo Accords (Berkeley, CA:
University of California Press, 2003).
School of Humanities and Social Science
33
*Fischbach, Michael R., ‘Settling historical land claims in the wake of Arab-Israeli
peace’, Journal of Palestine Studies, Autumn 1997, pp. 38-51. [JSTOR]
*Mearsheimer, John J. and Stephen M. Walt, The Israel lobby and U.S. foreign policy
(London: Penguin, 2008) 327.7305694 MEAR 2008
Miller, Rory, ‘The PLO factor in Euro-Israeli relations, 1964-1992’, Israel Affairs, Oct
2004 v. 10 (1), pp. 123-56. [on line]
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 13-14.
Rene Beres, Louis, ‘Israel, the “peace process,” and nuclear terrorism: recognizing
the linkage’, Studies in Conflict and Terrorism, Jan-March 1998 v. 21 n. 1 pp.
59-87. [on line]
Rouyer, Alwyn R., ‘The Water Accords of Oslo II: Averting A Looming Disaster’, Middle
East Policy, Oct 1999 v. 7 (1), pp. 113-36. [EAI]
#Rubin, Barry (ed.), From War to Peace: Arab-Israeli Relations, 1973-1993 (New York:
New York University Press, 1994).
#Sabbagh, Suha (ed.), Palestinian Women of Gaza and the West Bank (Bloomington:
Indiana University Press, 1998).
*Said, Edward W., From Oslo to Iraq and the road map (London: Bloomsbury, 2004)
327.73056 SAID
Shlomo, Shpiro, ‘The CIA as Middle East Peace Broker?’, Survival, June 1, 2003, v. 45
(2), pp. 91-113. [on line]
Socialism and Democracy, series of articles [on line] in:
*Hijab, Nadia, ‘Limitations of the Oslo Accords’, Socialism and Democracy,
Summer-Fall 2002 v. 16 (2), pp. 17-26.
*Normand, Roger, ‘Israel's Economic War in Context’, Socialism and Democracy,
Summer-Fall 2002 v. 16 (2), pp. 26-32
#Tabarani, Gabriel G., Israeli-Palestinian Conflict: From Balfour Promise to Bush
Declaration (Authorhouse, 2008): 956 TABA
Class Test: Monday 1 June
School of Humanities and Social Science
34
Essays
Remember, you may choose to write an essay based on a tutorial question but the essay topic you choose
must be quite distinct from your tutorial paper.
Essays are due 5pm Friday 8 May
1. To what extent was 19th century Arab nationalism fuelled by the dominance of
foreign empires?
2. What impact did Zionism and Jewish settlement in Palestine before World War I
have on Arab nationalism?
3. What connection, if any, was there between late –19th century Zionism and
European colonialism?
4. To what extent was pre-World War I Zionism fuelled by the history of the Jews in
Europe?
5. Why was land such an important issue in tensions between Arabs and Jewish
settlers before World War I?
6. Why was the Balfour declaration of 1917 so important for political and social
developments in Palestine?
7. Was British policy in the Middle East between the two world wars a crisis of their
own making?
8. What role did the UN play in the establishment of Israel?
9. Why did so many Palestinians become refugees with the founding of Israel?
10. What was Nasserism?
11. Describe and explain the rise of the PLO.
12. To what extent was the emergence of the PLO as a ‘state within a state’ a cause of
its confrontation with King Hussein of Jordan in September 1970?
13. Israeli Prime Minister Golda Meir remarked in the 1960s that the Palestinians were
not a distinct national group within the Arab nation. To what extent was Palestinian
nationalism a product of their resistance to the Israelis?
14. In signing the Camp David Accords with Israel in 1979, did Sadat betray the
Palestinians?
15. Why did Israel invade Lebanon in 1982?
16. Why did civil war break out in Lebanon in 1975?
17. Why did the PLO finally agree in 1993 to recognise Israel’s right to exist?
18. Is Israel merely an agent of the USA?
19. What role has the United States played in the Middle East? (Answer in relation to
one or two key events, eg. the establishment of Israel, the 1973 Arab-Israeli War,
The Camp David Accords, etc.).
Suggested book: *Little, Douglas, American orientalism: the United States and the
Middle East since 1945 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2002).
327.73056 LITT
20. What role did the Soviet Union play in the Middle East? (Answer in relation to one
or two key events, eg. the establishment of Israel, the 1973 Arab-Israeli War etc.).
21. How can the emergence of radical Islamic movements such as Hizbullah & Hamas
be explained?
22. Compare and contrast the first and second intifadas.
23. How was the so-called ‘road map to peace’ created?
24. What were the primary causes and consequences of the 1956 Suez crisis?
School of Humanities and Social Science
35
Documents
1. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 5-1: ‘Speech by President Nasser justifying
Nationalization of the Suez Canal’ (28 July 1956).
2. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc 5-2: ‘Anthony Eden’s Views of Nasser’ (1956 & 1960)
3. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 5-3: ‘Speech by Abba Eban on Israel’s offensive in
Sinai ’ (30 October 1956).
4. Bickerson & Klausner: Doc. 5-4: ‘Nasser’s response to the Anglo-French Ultimatum’
(1 November, 1956).
Essential Reading:
Bickerson & Klausner, A History, Ch 5.
Recommended Reading:
Blackwell, S. ‘Pursuing Nasser: The Macmillan Government and the Management of
British Policy Towards the Middle East Cold War, 1957-63’, Cold War History, April
2004 v. 4 (3), pp. 85-105. [on line]
#Bowie, Robert R., Suez 1956 (London ; New York: Oxford University Press, 1974)
KC267.S3 BOWI
Braddon, Russell, Suez--splitting of a nation (London, Collins, 1973) 962.05/19
Cohen, Michael, ‘Prologue to Suez: Anglo-American planning for military intervention in a
Middle East war, 1955-1956’, Journal of Strategic Studies, June 2003 v. 26 (2)
pp.152-84. [on line]
Gernot, Klantschnig, ‘Oil, the Suez canal, and sterling reserves: economic factors
determining British decision making during the 1967 Arab-Israeli crisis’, Diplomacy &
Statecraft, Sept 2003 v. 14 (3), pp. 131-51. [on line]
*Louis, Wm. Roger and Roger Owen (eds.), Suez 1956: the crisis and its consequences
(Oxford: Clarendon, 1989) 956.044 LOUI
Martel, Gordon ‘Decolonisation after Suez: Retreat or Rationalisation?,’ The Australian
Journal of Politics and History, Sept 2000 v. 46 (3), pp. 403-18. [EAI]
*Morris, Benny, Righteous Victims: A History of the Zionist-Arab Conflict, 1881-2001 (New
York, Vintage 2001) Ch. 6.
*Morris, Benny, Israel's Border Wars, 1949-1956: Arab Infiltration, Israeli Retaliation, and
the Countdown to the Suez War, revised edition (Oxford University Press, 1997).
Neff, Donald, ‘Half a century ago, it was Washington restraining France. (Special Report)’,
Washington Report on Middle East Affairs, May 2003 v. 22 (4), pp. 26-9. [EAI].
Oren, Michael B., ‘Escalation to Suez: the Egypt-Israel border war, 1949-1956’,
Journal of Contemporary History, April 1989 v. 24 n. 2, pp. 347-74. [JSTOR]
Podeh, Elie ‘The struggle over Arab hegemony after the Suez Crisis’, Middle Eastern
Studies, Jan 1993 v. 29 n. 1, pp. 91-112. [EAI]
25.
School of Humanities and Social Science