The High Middle Ages
Opening Activity
Directions: Brainstorm with a partner the following questions. Both people should contribute to the discussion. Write down your ideas. Be prepared to share with the class.
Why do countries go to war?
Why do people choose to fight in wars?
When is war justified?
Today's Essential Questions
These are the questions we are going to answer in class today. Be able to discuss each of these questions at the end of the lesson.
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What were the reasons that the Popes called for Crusades?
What was the difference between the reason popes gave to the public and the real motivation for crusades?
Why did people choose to go on Crusades?
What was the impact of the Crusades?
The First Crusade
Watch the video on the First Crusade by Click Me !
Education Portal
After watching the video, turn to a partner and answer the following question: Why did Pope Urban II call for Crusade?
Why did Pope Urban II call for a Crusade?
To help the Byzantine Empire reclaim lands lost to the Seljiq Turks
To increase the power of the Church and the Pope
To stop fighting between European kings by giving them a common enemy
To draw attention away from problems in the Church To stop the persecution of Christian pilgrims in the Holy Land
To bring the Greek Christians back under the control of the Roman Catholic Church
To gain access to eastern trade routes
Why did men choose to go fight in the Crusades?
Defend the honor of God and the Roman Catholic Church
To serve their king & country
To seek personal fame and glory
To go on an adventure
To gain wealth from spoils of war (looting)
To earn forgiveness for their sins
To earn the right to go to heaven ‐ Crusaders were told they would go directly to Heaven
Use video "The Greater Crusades"
What occurred on some of the other Crusades?
Leaders (Who)
What Happened (Outcome)
First Crusade
French & Italian nobles
Succeed in capturing the Holy land
Second Crusade
Louis VII & Conrad III
Failed
Third Crusade
Crusaders: Frederick Barbarossa, Richard I, & Phillipe II Turks: Saladin Barbarossa dies en route
Richard & Saladin negotiate a truce allowing Christians to go on pilgrimage to Jerusalem
Fourth Crusade
French nobles
Crusaders capture & destroy Constantinople
What was the Children's Crusade?
Against whom were the later Crusades fought?
Opening Activity
Brainstorm: How does war impact a people, region, and/or nation?
Impact of War
Opening Activity
What is the impact (results) of the Crusades?
Impact of the Crusades
Opening Assignment
Directions: Explore the concept of TRADE by completing the following modified Frayer diagram
Examples of Trade
Definition
TRADE
Methods of Trade
Reasons trade is important
Opening Assignment
Read the transcript "The Emergence of Trade in Europe" located in the Middle Ages folder on the class web‐site. As you read, prepare to discuss the following questions:
What factors contributed to the re‐development of urban (towns & cities) society in Europe ? What factors encourage the expansion of trade in Europe?
What are the implications of the Urban Revolution in Europe?
What are the results from the urban revolution and resurgence of commerce in Europe?
Use video "The Reemergence of Towns and Commerce in Europe"
Located on the class web‐site Growth of Urban Areas & Resurgence of Commerce
Power of European kings grew stronger
Increased trade between the East & West
Helped bring feudalism to an end
Power of the Roman Catholic Church & popes declined
Introduction of new technologies, weapons, trade goods, and ideas
Italian trading centers became very wealthy In the textbook on pages 324‐325
Trade & Markets
• Crusades led to demand for luxury goods from Asia
• countries able to generate revenue from taxing imports
• key goods from Asia include: fabrics, dyes, spices, medicines, etc.
• merchants sell imported goods at fairs & on market days
• shift from barter system to a money system The Revival of Trade
Manufacturing
• primarily the domestic system (people make goods in their own homes)
• merchants buy goods from the maker to sell at markets/fairs
Banking & Investment
• begins with money changers (exchanging one type of money for another)
• Christians forbidden from charging interest
• Jewish community dominates usury (money lending)
• Capital ‐ money invested into business for the purpose of making profit
• Investors pool $$$ for to fund new businesses
• basis for market economy
Directions: Summarize the key ideas of the section "The Revival of Trade," pages 323‐324
Crusades stimulate trade
Flanders becomes center of trade between North Europe & Southern Europe
Italian city‐states become wealthy by leading trade with Asia
Europeans demand luxury goods from Asia (ex silk, spices, dyes)
The Revival of Trade
Viking engage in trade with Russia & northern Asia
Hanseatic League created to allow German states to compete with Italian city‐states
Opening Assignment
Directions: Brainstorm what do you know about your rights? . Think about what are your rights and what life would be like with out them. Create a BUBBLE/Concept Map to illustrate your thinking.
People's Rights
The Rights of Townspeople
How do towns gain their freedom from their feudal lord?
• Negotiation of a charter (contract/agreement)
• Violent uprisings
• Organized Strikes (refusal to work)
What four rights do townspeople gain during the High Middle Ages?
Freedom: right of peasants & serfs to gain their freedom from their lord if they could escape to another town and live there a year and a day
Exemption: townspeople did not have to work on the fief's farm during planting and harvesting
Town Justice: own courts with decisions being made by the citizens of the town (juries)
Commercial Privileges : right to sell their own goods in markets; right to tax outsiders who sell in local markets
The Rights of Townspeople
What is the impact of expanding rights for towns and townspeople?
population of towns & cities increases/decreasing in country‐side
increasing middle class
Towns & Townspeople gain freedom & rights
takes power away from the nobles, helping to break the feudal system
Trade increases because people have more money to spend
What is a guild?
an association of skilled worker that set standards for working conditions
Why were guilds created?
establish standards & processes for training craftsmen
take care of members who could no longer work
regulate competition
set standards for quality
set base wages, hours, & working conditions
Steps in the Guild Process
Master Journeyman
Apprentice
What is the modern day version of the guild? Labor unions (IBEW)
Opening Assignment
Directions: What do you think about when you hear the terms "Epidemic" and "Plague." Create a Bubble Map/Concept about your thoughts regarding these health crises? Epidemics
& Plagues
As you watch the video, answer the following question:
What factors contribute to the spread and devastation of the Bubonic Plague?
The Black Death
The Bubonic Plague:
highly contagious bacterial infection that attacks the lymphatic system
killed 1/3 of Europe's total population (1/2 in urban areas)
Method of Transmission:
spread by rat fleas (Rat is carrier ‐ flea bites rat ‐ flea bites human)
How does the Bubonic Plague enter Europe?
trading ships from Asia
Ring around the rosey, pockets full of posies, ...
Children's rhyme to educate about the Bubonic Plague
Europe engages heavily in trade, transmitting the plague infested rats with cargo
Cities very densely populated, lots of people living very closely together
Unsanitary conditions in cities & towns (breeding ground for rats)
When plague hit an area, the people fled taking the disease with them
Europe connected by roads, canals, and shipping routes. Able to move rapidly
Factors that result in the rapid spread of the Bubonic Plague
1/3 of Europe's total population dies as a result of the plague (1/2 in urban areas)
Famine ‐ not enough people to work in the fields
Impact of the Bubonic Plague outbreaks on Europe
due to diminished population, survivors able to find good paying jobs
people able to demand higher wages & better working conditions
rapid expansion of the middle class
End of the feudal system
Continued Conflict in the Church
What factors lead to a decline in the power of the Roman Catholic Church?
European monarchs (kings) becoming stronger
People disillusioned with corruption in the Church
People blame the Church for not being able to better handle the Black Death/Bubonic Plague epidemic
Babylonian Captivity:
‐ Pope Clement V moves office to Avignon, France
‐ Cardinals fear pope in France is just a puppet to French kings, elect another pope (now 2 popes)
Great Schism:
Catholics divide over which of the popes to follow (the one in France or the one in Rome)
Heresies of Jan Huss & John Wycliffe
‐ Defender of the Faith teaches that Popes do not have power over kings
‐ spoke out against the wealth of the Church
‐ spoke out against the absolute power of the popes
‐ Wycliffe protected by English king/Hus is burned at the stake