Demon Times: Temperance, Immigration, and Progressivism in an American City
July 12-17 and July 19-24, 2015
Day One: Introductions
Sunday, July 10 and July 24, 2016
2:00-2:30 pm
Workshop Registration
2:30-3:30 pm
Workshop Logistics and Introductions - Dr. Betsy Hedler
3:30-4:30 pm
Content Presentation: Setting the Intellectual and Physical Context- Dr. Susan Spellman
This presentation will focus on setting up the tensions between moral-minded reformers,
social-drinking consumers, and business-centered brewers and saloon owners.
4:30-5:30 pm
Break/hotel check in
5:30-8:30 pm
Historic Site Field Study: “The Wet” Walking Tour: Columbus Immigrants (German, Jewish,
Irish, and Italian) Cultural Customs, Business Collaborations, and the American Dream - Dr.
Doreen Uhas-Sauer, Columbus Landmarks Foundation
The walking tour begins with a visit to an 1831 tavern, still located in downtown Columbus,
and continues to the immigrant neighborhoods where the breweries, workers’ housing,
schools, and churches which mark the intersection of the German, Jewish, and Irish
migration patterns (1840s-1915) to Columbus. These areas are within the German Village
Historic District, which is on the National Register of Historic Places. This intact historic
landscape serves as an example of national migration patterns of the period. The landmark
buildings that marked the height of German influence in Columbus are intact, including
workers homes, and remnants of the Hoster and Wagner breweries. The tour will conclude
at the Great Southern hotel, an edifice which marks the height of power for the German
(Catholic, Jewish, and Protestant) community in Columbus.
Dinner on own during the tour. Bus transportation will be provided from hotel to walking
tour start and end.
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Day Two:
Immigrant Lives and Economic Strategies
Monday, July 11 and July 25, 2016
8:30-10:00 am
Content Presentation: German Americans and the Cultural Wars of the 19th and Early
20th Centuries - Dr. David Goldberg
This presentation will focus on German ethnicity and its origins in the United States in
the 19th century among peasant and artisan immigrants, who created an ethnic culture
that lingered on into the 20th century and was one of the ongoing elements of the antialcohol control coalition. It will include material on the various push and pull factors as
well as stressing the variety of German immigrants both in terms of areas they came
from and settlement patterns and other differences in the U.S.
10:15-11:45 am
Historical Thinking Activity: Family Lives and Economic Strategies across Ethnicities - Dr.
Betsy Hedler
In this hands-on, minds-on activity, Summer Scholars will consider the ways and means
by which immigrants and working class Americans made ends meet. Using primary
sources including a Kroger Grocery Store catalog, newspaper advertisements, tavern
menus, and wage tables prepared by the Ohio Department of Labor for the year 1904,
Summer Scholars will put together a weeks’ budget for a family of the time, including
immigrant families in Columbus and reformers in Westerville. This activity requires
Summer Scholars to consider the ways household sizes and consumption patterns have
changed over time and between different ethnic groups.
11:45-1: 00 pm
Lunch on own
1:00-2:30 pm
Content Presentation: Ethnicity vs. Reform: German-American Brewers and the
Nineteenth-Century Temperance Movement - Dr. William H. Mulligan, Jr.
This presentation will have four components. It will discuss the history of brewing in the
United States with a focus on the influence of German immigrants in the nineteenth
century. It will also look at the rise and development of the Temperance movement
during the same period. Then, it will discuss the collision of the brewing industry and
German-American (and other immigrant communities) ethnic values with those of the
Temperance movement. Finally, it will look at how these events played out in the
greater Columbus, Ohio, area.
2:45-4:00 pm
Discussion Session: Immigration Readings and Topics - Dr. Susan Spellman
In this informal session, Summer Scholars will discuss the readings assigned about
immigration. The discussion will be facilitated by the Project Co-Directors, but will be
participant directed as Summer Scholars are encouraged to ask questions and share
observations about the readings and other activities of the first two days of the
workshop.
4:30-5:00 pm
Registration for Credit Hours from Ashland University - Dr. Betsy Hedler
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5:00 pm
Program Day Finishes; Dinner on Own
Day Three:
Clashing Cultures: Temperance Reformers and Immigrant Places
Tuesday, July 12 and July 26, 2016
8:30-10:00 am
Content Presentation: “You Have Seen What Was Clean Become Foul”: Exploring How
Select Temperance Narratives Strove to Establish an Ideal White American Masculinity
- Dr. Kevin Pinkham
This presentation will begin with a brief survey of the temperance narrative, discussing
its general form, its popularity, and the perceived need for such stories. We will then
look more closely at a few representative temperance narratives that offered a new
model of masculinity, one that ran contrary to the popular images of rough and ready
frontiersmen, manly landowners, and self-made men. This presentation will explore
how narratives presented models of masculine sentimentality, striving to teach men
how to value the emotional support of other men, to strengthen the homosocial bonds
formed by a shared weakness, the brotherhood of the bottle. Then we will discuss how
the narratives associated with the movement ostracized men of other races and
discover how, in these narratives, a white man who consumes alcohol is not only in
danger of losing his job and his family, he is also in danger of losing his whiteness; thus,
this presentation will examine the ways the temperance narrative argued that
consuming alcohol can transform an Anglo-Saxon drinker into the “other.”
10:15-11:45 am
Discussion Session: Temperance and Progressivism Readings and Topics - Dr. Susan
Spellman, Dr. Betsy Hedler
In this session, Summer Scholars will discuss the assigned readings relating to
Temperance and Progressive reform. This session will address topics Summer Scholars
may be struggling with, topics that demand more attention, or to unpack readings that
are particularly interesting or challenging. Summer Scholars can also use this forum to
introduce a resource they have found, or an experience or observation they had during
a site visit.
11:45-1:00 pm
Lunch on own
1:00-2:30 pm
Content Presentation: Dry Visions and Wet Realities: Saloons and Their Patrons From
Multiple Viewpoints.- Dr. Jason Lantzer
In this presentation, we will consider how drys (those who supported temperance and
prohibition laws) viewed the saloons and why they thought salons were outlets of
business corruption, public health threats, agents of family disintegration, and bastions
of lawless, un-American behavior; basically a “cancerous tumor” on American society.
The presentation will also discuss how the owners, operators, and patrons viewed
these small businesses as something else entirely: as community resources and symbols
of ethnic identity and democratic culture.
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2:45-4:15 pm
Historical Thinking Activity: Using Maps to Understand Changing Landscapes—Sohayla
Pagano
In this hands-on activity, Summer Scholars will consider the ways in which the urban
landscapes of Columbus and Westerville, Ohio have changed over time. Using primary
source maps, zoning documents, building permits, and other primary source materials,
Summer Scholars will analyze the changing built landscapes of these cities as a result of
immigration, Temperance, and Progressivism and examine the lasting impact of these
movements on today’s urban landscape. Summer Scholars will make connections
between these historical movements and current concerns by considering primary
sources from a time range that includes the current day.
4:15-7:00 pm
Break; Dinner on own
7:00-9:00 pm
Historic Site Field Study: Digging into the Block - Dr. Susan Spellman
Using Sanborn Fire Insurance maps, city directories, and newspaper evidence from
several key periods of growth and decline, educators will engage with and analyze the
built environment of German Village by tracking the transformation of the area’s
business and residential development by following the changes within one
representative block of the city. The block bounded by Sycamore, 3rd. St., Frankfort,
and Mohawk streets stands testament to the ever-changing commercial and residential
landscapes, as street names changed on maps, churches rose and were razed, and retail
stores and their merchandise changed with consumer tastes and trends. Many
immigrant workers’ homes from the nineteenth century still stand, with several found
behind Columbus’s oldest tavern (still in operation as a restaurant), built in 1831.
Others are located near St. Mary’s church, an 1866 landmark and symbol of the village’s
religious foundation, and in alleyways along City Park Avenue and Third Street, once
cheap land located behind immigrant-run stores fronting busy commercial streets, and
close to workplaces and social activities. After reviewing documents about this block,
Summer Scholars will have a chance to walk these alleys and consider how immigrants
used these streets and buildings in their everyday lives and to maintain their cultural
heritage.
Bus transportation will be provided from hotel to walking tour start and end.
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Day Four:
Anti-Saloon League: Westerville
Wednesday, July 13 and 27, 2016
Bus transportation will be provided from the hotel to Westerville, a suburb of Columbus.
8:30-9:00 am
Travel to Westerville.
9:00-11:30 am
Historic Site Field Study: “The Dry” Walking Tour: How the Anti-Saloon League Won
Where the WCTU and Other Temperance Movements Failed - Dr. Doreen Uhas-Sauer
This is the counter point walking tour to “The Wet” Walking Tour in Columbus. In this
tour, Summer Scholars will visit Westerville, home of the national Anti-Saloon League.
Westerville grew from a rural enclave to a city because of the anti-saloon movement,
necessitating a post office just to handle the millions of tracts of information that
poured across the country. The tour will focus on the Temperance Row Historic District,
which is on the National Register of Historic Places. From 1910 to 1935, the major
players (organizers, superintendents, publishers, and managers) in the Anti-Saloon
League lived in close proximity to each other on Temperance Row, and the landscape of
this area provides a striking contrast to the immigrant neighborhoods of Columbus. The
neighborhood was developed by members of the Anti-Saloon League to specifically to
reflect their worldview. The rustic Craftsman-influenced houses created an agrarianromantic feel to the district that was a deliberate reaction against American
urbanization. The district has an integrity of setting, design, materials and
craftsmanship that remains intact to the present day, with few intrusions that post-date
the period of significance.
11:30-1:00 pm
Lunch on own in Westerville’s historic downtown.
1:00-4:00 pm
Historic Site Field Study: Anti-Saloon League Museum
The Anti-Saloon League was one of the most powerful political and social forces in early
20th century American history. The Anti-Saloon League Museum is in the building which
housed the headquarters of the Anti-Saloon League and its printing operation – The
American Issue Publishing Company. The 1850s house and the land it stands on were
given to the League as an enticement to bring their operation to Westerville. The
League came to town in 1909, built a state-of-the-art printing center staffed with union
labor and began to print forty tons of anti-alcohol information a month which was
shipped across the country and eventually around the world. The headquarters
building, where the museum is located, was the hub from which they persuaded a
nation to go “dry” culminating in the passage of the 18th amendment, ushering in the
Prohibition Era. A visit to this site will include a presentation by Beth Weinhardt,
Coordinator of the Anti-Saloon League Museum and expert on the League’s
publications and activities. She will discuss the founding and leadership of the League,
its growth and influence, and its use of “pressure politics” to advocate the prohibition
of alcohol. Participants will have the opportunity to view original cartoons, fliers,
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posters and newspapers of the League and discuss the way these printed pieces were
used to persuade the country to adopt the prohibition of alcohol. Many of these items
are potent propaganda pieces designed for a specific audience. Educators will be given
the opportunity to brainstorm about the way to use these items in the classroom to
spark discussion and encourage writing and research projects.
4:00-4:30 pm
Return to hotel
4:30 pm
End of Program Day; Dinner on own
Day Five:
Temperance Movement and Progressivism
Thursday, July 14 and 28, 2016
8:30-10:00 am
Content Presentation: Women, Gender, and Temperance Reform, 1800-1933 - Dr.
Scott Martin
This presentation addresses the reciprocal ways in which in which emerging
ideologies of gender and the shifting tactics of Temperance reform interacted to
shape American women’s participation in crusade against alcohol. Topics include
women’s depiction in antebellum Temperance literature, the connection between
female Temperance activism and women’s rights agitation, the impact of 19thcentury state prohibition on women’s role in Temperance reform; post-Civil War
women’s Temperance activity, and the role of women in ratifying and repealing
the 18th Amendment.
10:15-noon
Content Presentation: Lyrics and Borrowed Tunes of the Anti-Saloon League and
the Woman’s Christian Temperance Union - Dr. Paul Sanders
This presentation explores the important role of music in the activities of the AntiSaloon League and the WCTU. Both organizations were established in Ohio during
the last quarter of the nineteenth century (1874 and 1893, respectively), and both
relied heavily on music to convey their temperance message. Many of the songs
utilized by these organizations are based on familiar, borrowed tunes. Participants
will have the opportunity to sing many of these songs and discuss ways to use
them in their teaching.
Noon-2:00pm
Lunch on own
2:00-3:30 pm
Historical Thinking Activity: Multiple Perspectives on Temperance and Progressive
Reform – Sohayla Pagano
This activity challenges Summer Scholars to examine the Temperance movement
and Progressive Reform from multiple perspectives which have been developed
through previous workshop sessions. This activity will give Summer Scholars a
chance to analyze primary sources from both sides of these debates. Summer
Scholars are assigned roles and analyze primary documents in order to present a
persuasive argument to defend their position. The activity allows Summer Scholars
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to explore new ideas, gain confidence in discussions and learn how to analyze
primary sources. In addition, Summer Scholars better understand the complex
arguments and multiple viewpoints of historical events and are actively engaged in
the learning process. Summer Scholars will also consider ways and means of
adapting this activity to their own classrooms; and other topics that might benefit
from this treatment.
3:30-7:00 pm
Break and Dinner on own
7:00-9:00 pm
Historic Site Field Study: Walking Tour: What Happened During Prohibition - Dr.
Doreen Uhas-Sauer
This post-dinner trip to three establishments that continued during Prohibition will
help Summer Scholars consider whether Prohibition was a success or not—did it
prevent Americans from finding and consuming alcohol? First, Summer Scholars
will consider the real story behind whether Prohibition worked or not by
examining public health, unemployment, vice, crime, and business records-primary sources that students of history can find in their own home town to
analyze how Prohibition affected their community/neighborhoods.
Summer Scholars will then visit three establishments in Columbus that provide
different models of how businesses based on the sale of alcohol survived from
January 16, 1920 to December 6, 1935 under the laws of Prohibition and local
enforcement in Columbus. The tour will begin at the Ringside Café that became
the Jolly Gargoyle Tea Room, attracting even vaudevillians and budding Hollywood
stars who played the Palace and Keith-Albee circuits. Next, the Hey-Hey, a
neighborhood watering hole that continued to make what the Germans called
"vinegar" (beer) behind the establishment. When ready, beer was smuggled to the
back door where someone would knock and say, "Hey, Hey, the beer is here," and
the name stuck. The third model is currently operating as the Elevator Brewery &
Draught House, which preserves the bar of the original opulent men's den of Bott
Brothers Saloon and Billiards. At this establishment, even during Prohibition, liquor
flowed openly for Ohio politicians, including future president Warren Harding and
gang, who would visit via tunnels from the Statehouse several blocks away.
Bus transportation will be provided from hotel to walking tour start and end.
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Day Six:
Wrap up and Contemporary Connections
Friday, July 15 and July 29, 2016
8:30-10:00 am
Content Presentation: Prohibition as a Progressive Reform - Dr. John Burnham
Prohibition was a reform that mapped onto the Progressive Movement very well.
It was designed to control a business (in retail, the saloon; in manufacturing and
wholesaling, the alcoholic beverage industry) that was the central source of
antisocial community activity. Prohibition was designed to change the social
environment and diminish some serious health problems. Prohibitionists were
galvanized by both secular and religious visions of a better society, by feminist
ideology, by science, and by cultural nationalism. About 1919, Social Justicemulticultural Progressives split from uplift Progressives largely because of the
ethnic and class issues that the dissidents found in the Prohibition movement.
10:15-11:00 am
Taking It Back to the Classroom Discussion - Dr. Betsy Hedler
Summer Scholars will share their Pinterest boards or their ideas about how to
integrate the week into their classrooms. Summer Scholars discuss methods of
helping their students make these connections as they teach this era.
11:00-noon
Wrap-Up and Legacies of the Temperance Movement – Dr. Susan Spellman
This presentation will provide a historically specific synthesis of the week’s
activities and through discussion encourage Summer Scholars to add their own
interpretation of and meaning to the landmarks, readings, and activities explored
and examined throughout the workshop. Dr. Spellman will also encourage Summer
Scholars to consider the legacies of the Progressive and Temperance movements.
The group will consider how these movements may continue to be relevant our
contemporary challenges relating to immigration, income inequality, and
substance abuse.
noon-12:15
Complete Final Evaluation Survey
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