Study Guide Chapter 10
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Articles of Confederation
Northwest Territory
ratify
legislative branch
executive branch
judicial branch
inflation
Shays’ Rebellion
Northwest Ordinance of 1787
Constitutional Convention
delegate
location of convention
Virginia Plan
New Jersey Plan
Great Compromise
Three-Fifths Compromise
Preamble
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enumerated powers
reserved powers
separation of powers
checks and balances
veto
James Madison
George Washington
date Constitution signed
delegate numbers present and signed
Federalists and leaders
Antifederalists and leaders
The Federalist
Bill of Rights
amendment
state to first ratify and date
number of states needed to ratify
first 10 amendments (for matching)
Essays – Sentence requirements are only a minimum.
1.
2.
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4.
What were the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? (3 sentences)
What were the reasons for Shays’ Rebellion? (3 sentences)
What were the decisions made by the Northwest Ordinance of 1787? (5 sentences)
Explain the Virginia Plan. Explain the New Jersey Plan. How were they similar? How were they
different? (5 sentences)
5. Who proposed the Great Compromise and what was decided with the Great Compromise? (3
sentences)
6. Explain the system of checks and balances. How does each branch have a check on the other
two? (5 sentences)
Ch 10 Lesson 1 – A Weak Government
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
The Articles of Confederation
a. ratified in 1781
b. unified all states loosely
c. not a strong central government
d. legislative branch only
A Government in Trouble
a. Weaknesses of New Government
i. could not collect taxes easily
ii. confusion with money from state to state
iii. inability to trade with other countries
iv. no executive or judicial branch
b. Nationalists
i. group wanting newer, stronger government
ii. led by George Washington
Shays’ Rebellion
a. uprising in western Massachusetts
b. led by Daniel Shay
c. Reasons for uprising
i. property taxes levied on farmers
ii. farmers have farms seized
iii. some debtors thrown in jail
d. Showed government was weak if they couldn’t stop small rebellion
The Northwest Ordinance of 1787
a. Northwest Territory
i. land stretching to the MS River in the West
ii. gained during Treaty of Paris of 1783
b. Ordinance
i. commanded territory to be broken into smaller ones
ii. described steps to become a state
1. 5000 free males to elect a legislature
2. 60000 free males to petition for statehood
iii. prohibited slavery in the northwest territory
iv. promised freedom of speech, religion, and trial by jury
v. public schools to be established
Growing Concerns
a. Nationalists still concerned about week government
b. meeting in Philadelphia in 1787 to revise the Articles of Confederation
Ch 10 Lesson 2 – Debate in Philadelphia
I.
The Constitutional Convention
a. May 1787
b. held in Philadelphia
c. wanted to revise the Articles of the Confederation
d. James Madison
i. from Virginia
ii. leading Nationalist
iii. took day-to-day notes which recount experiences of group
e. Alexander Hamilton
i. from New York
ii. well-known lawyer
f. George Washington chosen as leader of convention
II. Competing Plans
a. Virginia Plan
i. presented by Edmund Randolph
ii. asked for executive branch
iii. asked for judicial branch
iv. said states with larger populations should have more representatives
b. New Jersey Plan
i. presented by William Paterson
ii. asked that all states have same number of representatives
iii. compared state size to rich and poor people
III. A Compromise Plan
a. Great Compromise
i. suggested by Roger Sherman of Connecticut
ii. Two houses to be developed
1. Senate
a. two representatives from each state
b. state power would be equal
2. House of Representatives
a. number based on population of state
b. large states to have more say
b. Three-Fifths Compromise
i. slaves to be counted as 3/5 a person
ii. counted for taxing purposes as well as representation in Congress
iii. southern states wanted more
iv. northern states wanted none
c. Slave Trade
i. slave trade to continue into the US
ii. ended later in 1808
IV. Our Constitution
a. Preamble
i. beginning of Constitution
ii. sets Constitution’s major goals
1. to establish justice
2. to ensure peace
3. to defend the nation
4. to protect the people’s well-being and liberty
b. Enumerated Powers
i. powers laid out by the Constitution
ii. only the national government can do these
1. make laws about trade with foreign countries
2. print money
c. Reserved Powers
i. powers reserved for the states
ii. states make decisions on these laws
d. Government broken into 3 branches
i. Legislative
1. Made up of Congress
a. House of Representatives
b. Senate
2. makes laws
ii. Executive
1. headed by the President
2. puts laws into practice
3. makes sure all of the laws are followed
iii. Judicial Branch
1. headed by Supreme Court
2. sees that laws are interpreted according to the Constitution
e. Creates separation of powers
f. Checks and Balances
i. President can veto (refuse to sign) law
ii. President appoints Supreme Court Justices and federal judges
iii. Congress can overturn Presidential veto with 2/3 vote
iv. Congress can refuse Supreme Court Justice candidates
v. Judicial Branch can overturn Presidential actions if un-Constitutional
vi. Judicial Branch can overturn laws if un-Constitutional
V. The Work Still Ahead
a. Constitution signed on September 17, 1787
b. 39 of 55 delegates signed
c. 9 states had to ratify in order to make it supreme law of land
Ch 10 Lesson 3 – Ratifying the Constitution
I.
The Federalists and Antifederalists
a. Federalists
i. people happy with the new Constitution
ii. Leaders
1. James Madison
2. Alexander Hamilton
3. John Jay
iii. The Federalist
1. collection of essays
2. explained weaknesses of Antifederalist argument
b. Antifederalists
i. people who were not happy with the Constitution
ii. Leaders
1. George Mason
2. Patrick Henry
3. John Hancock
4. Samuel Adams
iii. Concerns
1. reducing the powers of the states
2. president could become like a king
3. federal government could pass laws not fitting to entire US
4. Constitution was missing fundamental rights for citizens
II. The Bill of Rights
a. Ratification required 9 of 13 states
b. Delaware signs on December 7, 1787
c. Massachusetts
i. pushes for Bill of Rights
ii. upon commitment of Congress, ratify Constitution in Feb 1788
d. New Hampshire is ninth in June of 1788
e. Bill of Rights
i. first 10 amendments of Constitution
ii. guarantees freedoms by placing specific limits on government
1. freedom of religion, press, speech, assembly, and petition
2. own and bear firearms
3. quartering
4. search and seizure
5. no depriving of life, liberty, or property without court of law
6. right to trial by jury and lawyer in criminal cases
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right to trial by jury in civil cases over $20
cruel and unusual punishment
rights not limited in just what is in the Constitution
powers reserved to states