General Sense Organs
Sensory receptors
Transducer
General
Senses
Law of specific
nerve energies
Proprioception
Special Sensory Organs
(localized)
Pattern theory of
sensation
• Mechanoreceptors
• Chemoreceptors
• Photoreceptors
1
Mechanoreceptors
Mechanoreceptors
lateral line
lateral line
vestibular system
vestibular system
auditory system
auditory system
Mechanoreceptor
Lateral line
Mechanoreceptors
Neuromast organ
Lateral line
Vestibular
Auditory
Ampullae of
Lorenzini
Mechanoreceptors
Lateral line
Vestibular
Auditory
Electroreceptors
2
Vestibular
Apparatus
Vestibular
Apparatus
Otoliths
Mechanoreceptors
Lateral line
Vestibular
Auditory
Angular
acceleration
Gravity/motion
orientation
Vestibular
Apparatus
Auditory
System
Otoliths
Meatuses
external
Ear
middle
internal
3
External
Middle
Inner
External
Middle
4
Internal
Organ of
Corti
External Auditory Meatus
Gather
Middle Auditory Meatus
Transmit
Transform
Amplify
Internal Auditory Meatus
Detect
Special Sensory Organs
(localized)
Chemoreception
• Mechanoreceptors
• Chemoreceptors
• Photoreceptors
5
Sensory Systems
• Chemosensory receptors
Olfactory epithelium
Vomeronasal organ
(=Jacobsen’s organ)
FROM KARDONG, 1998
Special Sensory Organs
(localized)
• Mechanoreceptors
• Chemoreceptors
• Photoreceptors
Electromagnetic Radiation
Sensory Systems
• Radiation receptors
Photoreceptors
Infrared receptors
KARDONG AND
BERKHOUDT, 1999
6
Eye
sclera
scleral ossicles
cornea
choroid
vascular
iris
ciliary body—lens
tapetum lucidum
retina
rods and cones
(B&W)
(Color
Chambers
Eye
sclera
scleral ossicles
cornea
choroid
vascular
iris
ciliary body—lens
tapetum lucidum
retina
rods and cones
(B&W) (Color
Chambers
7
Accommodation
Stereoscopic
(paralax)
Thalamus
Sensory Systems
• Chemosensory receptors
Olfactory epithelium
Vomeronasal organ
(=Jacobsen’s organ)
FROM KARDONG, 1998
8
9
10
Environment
HOLDING
BOX
•
•
•
•
•
•
Scampers off – dies
Breaks visual contact
Complex topography
Multiple odor trails
Scent decay
Specific prey
BASE
ARM
11
Poststrike Trailing
1)Sn Struck > Unstruck
(venom)
same/different
(no venom)
Memory
2) Sn
Venom > Mouse Odor
Struck > Unstruck
(no venom)
3) Sn
(no venom)
Struck > Hand Struck
(no venom)
(no venom)
different mice: YES
same mouse: NO
Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture
1)Sn Struck > Unstruck
(venom)
same/different
(no venom)
Memory
2) Sn
Struck > Unstruck
(no venom)
3) Sn
Venom > Mouse Odor
(no venom)
Struck > Hand Struck
(no venom)
(no venom)
different mice: YES
same mouse: NO
1)Sn Struck > Unstruck
(venom)
same/different
(no venom)
Memory
2) Sn
Struck > Unstruck
(no venom)
3) Sn
Venom > Mouse Odor
(no venom)
Struck > Hand Struck
(no venom)
different mice: YES
same mouse: NO
(no venom)
Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture
Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture
1)Sn Struck > Unstruck
(venom)
same/different
(no venom)
Memory
2) Sn
Struck > Unstruck
(no venom)
3) Sn
Venom > Mouse Odor
(no venom)
Struck > Hand Struck
(no venom)
different mice: YES
same mouse: NO
(no venom)
Mouse Odor > Fang Puncture
4) Venom > Mouse Odor > Fang
12
Environment
Conclusion
• Rattlesnakes strike and release their prey
•
•
•
•
•
•
Scampers off – dies
Breaks visual contact
Complex topography
Multiple odor trails
Scent decay
Specific prey
Sensory Systems
1) Radiation Receptors: Prestrike/Strike
Eyes
Facial Pits
2) Chemosensory Receptors: Poststrike
Selective
Priority: Venom>Mouse>Fang
Chemical profile
Memory
13