Science League Biology
II Exam WHITE EXAM
Januaryl5,2015
and fitt in the appropriate response on
Choose the answer that best completes the statements or questions below
choice. Please PRINT your name'
your
first
erase
completely
to
sure
the form. If you chang" un unrro"r, be
school,arearandwhichtestyouaretakingontothescan-tron'
in a healthy condition without performing which of the following functions?
l. A cell can live
c. catabolism
anabolism
d. mitosis
active transPort
2. Oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged in the lungs by
c' filtration
a. active transPort
a.
b.
d'
b. diffusion
osmosis
3. What is the most important outcome of cellular respiration?
c. energy release from food
a. carbon dioxide discharge
d. food intake
b. oxygen intake
4. At avercge room temperature and low humidity, heat is lost from the body
c. mainly by evaporation and radiation
a. mainlyty conduction
b. mainly by evaporation and conduction d. only by evaporation
deficiency. Acetoacetic
5. Larger than normal amounts of acetoacetic acid enters the blood as a direct result of insulin
acid is buffered in the blood chiefly by
c. sodium chloride
a. carbon dioxide
d. Potassium salt of hemoglobin
b. sodium bicarbonate
6. Which oiihe foiiowing ceil paris are common to both plant and animal cells?
II Centrioles III Ribosomes
I. cell wall
c. II and III onlv
I only
d. III
I and II only
could be made similar to a basic unit of corn syrup through the process of
or ma It
below. a unlr of
7. Based on the ch art below
Basic Unit
Carbohvdrate
Sugar Name
Disaccharide
Sucrose
Brown Sugar
Monosaccharide
Glucose
Corn syrup
Monosaccharide
Fructose
High Fructose
Corn Syrup
Disaccharide
Maltose
Malt suqar
a.
b.
Milk
a.
b.
Susar
Lactose
condensation
hydrolysis
Disaccharide
c.
d.
dehydrationsynthesis
hydrogen bonding
8. Which cell is most likely to have the greatest number of mitochondria?
c. hair cell
a. adipose cell
d. cardiac muscle cell
cell
b. epidermal
the small
9. The digestive enzymesecretin stimulates the pancreas to produce bicarbonate (HCO3-I), which is released into
intestine. What might be a reason for this series of events?
a. Pancreatic bicarbonate helps to regulate the pH of the blood stream.
b. Pancreatic bicarbonate helps to neutralize stomach acid that enters the small intestine.
c. Pancreatic bicarbonate is a waste product of protein digestion.
d. Pancreatic bicarbonate helps to increase the acidity'of the small intestine to aid in
digestion.
NJSL
Ian L5,2075 Biology II Exam
Page 1
t)
10. Which is a plausible explanation for the fact that peptide hormones have a faster onset of action than steroid
hormones?
Peptide hormones can diffuse across the membrane of a target cell and steroid hormones
a.
b.
c.
d.
I
cannot.
l. If C//O2 (contains
radioactive carbon) is used in photosynthesis, in what substance would the radioactivity most likely
appear?
a.
12. When
1
Steroid hormones bind to extracellular receptors, and these receptors take several hours to
respond.
Peptide hormones bind to extracellular receptors to producing immediate effects, while
steroid hormones bind to DNA affecting transcription.
Both hormones bind to DNA and affect transcription but peptides enter the nuclear
membrane faster.
Chlorophyll
b.
c. Carbohydrates d.
ATP
a neuron's membrane potential is
NADPH
*Sff$taF$rr*t!f$c\r-
t_**
I
between -70 and -90 millivolts (graph to
the right) , the cell is experiencing
a. depolarization c. hyperpolarization
b. repolarization d. threshold
f$peffil*|r,
$ryrqlr|{rilfinfr
Tkfri dr$.rc,
13. What is the process illustrated by the chemical reaction below?
a.
b.
C6H12O6+ 2CH3CH2OH
+
esterfication
methanolfermentation
2COz
c.
d.
ethanol fermentatron
lactic acid fermentation
14. Healthy pregnant mammals produce isomerase enzyme to make galactose during milk production. Isomerase
deficiency means that...
glucose cannot be converted to galactose
galactose cannot be converted into lactose
galactose cannot pass across the membranes in the mammary glands
galactose is not an isomer of glucose
a.
b.
c.
d.
15. Cellular respiration involves a negative AG equal to -686 kilocalories which indicates the reactions are
at equilibrium
endergonic
a.
b.
16.
d.
enzvme controlled
A disease that destrovs the cytoskeleton will most likely interfere with
a-
b.
17.
c.
exergonic
Dl\fAtranscnFtion rcvisions
glycolysis
d.
active transport system
An enryme-controlled reaction could overcome competitive inhibition, if the scientist
c. elevates the pH
a. adds buflers
b.
increases substrate concentration
NfSLJan 15,2075 Biologyll Exam
d.
decrease the temperature
PageZ
indicate acid reflux from the stomach, may cause esophageal cancer. An oncologist thinks thbt a lack of cell
to cell recognition is a contributing factor to this cancer. The research oncologist will focus the studies on
a. destruction of oligosaccharides on the e-face of the cell membranes in the esophagus
b. loss of an electrochemical gradient for ion transport in the.pells of the stomach
c. homeostasis of membrane fluidity in all cells
d. detached cytoskeleton from cell membranes
What conclusion
19. A microbiologist examined two groups of cells and made the observations listed in the table below.
is supported by these observations?
18. Studies
Trait
Cell wall
Cell I
Cell II
-L
-r
Ribosomes
Nucleus
Abilitv to photosynthesize
Cell respiration
-r
-i-
+
-r
-r
-r
a.
b.
c.
d.
Cell I is more complex than Cell II.
Cell II is an ancestor to Cell I'
Cell I is a prokaryote.
Both groups are from different parts of a plant.
20. Where would a biochemist be least likely to find a transmembrane protein?
d. ribosome
c. chloroplast
a. cell membrane b. nucleus
2 1 . Normal adult human hemoglobin is comprised of 2 alpha and 2 beta polypeptides. Therefore, hemoglobin exhibits
level oforganization?
d. quaternary
c. tertiary
b. secondary
a. primary
22.Betaamylase is an enzyme that breaks down polysaccharides into its components, but is not produced by humans.
Beta amylase is most effective in digesting
d. starch
c. cellulose
b. glucose
a. glycogen
Based on the information, to
water.
insoluble
in
but
chloroform,
23. Cholesterol is soluble in orlanic solvents such as
which class of macromolecules does cholesterol belong?
d. lipid
b. oligosaccharide c. nucleic acid
a. enzyme
24.pharmaceutical researchers are often interested in blocking particular receptor proteins on cell surfaces. What
chemical property of a molecule would be most important for binding to a receptor's active site?
a. The type of bonding
b. The amount of ATP available
c. The number of double bonds in the formula
d. The molecule's molecular shaPe
25. Peptide neurohormones are primarily synthesized in which cellular shucture?
cytoplasmicpolyribosomes
a. rough endoplasmic reticulum
nucleus
b. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
c.
d.
26. Predict what would happen to a group of lipid molecules when they are added to a polar solvent.
a. The lipids would precipitate out.
b. The lipids would group together
c. A chemical reaction would occur between the lipid and solvent
d. There is no way to predict what would happen.
NISL jan 15, 2015 Biology II Exam
Page 3
s end
27
.ln
?
(:u'OCH'l'-
N --. .- ...
,,-.ij' ll
'n '
d' l.-'"
ku
the diagram, a phosphodiester bond forms between which
two molecules?
.i
a. A phosphate and the 3' carbon on the pentose
i
?
CS-€_--Cli.)
d-
sugar
b. A phosphate and the I'
c.
d.
I
',l
!]"t
'i
''.
..-.,
",li -'T::*I
,
l,--i
"i
i"t{--------r'/'
'"--('
?
o-.T
o-f*, .-
o
sugar
A phosphate and the nitrogen
A 5' carbon on the pentose sugar and the nitrogen
cytosine
-''*""r--'4b
i
carbon on the pentose
Aclenine
..N
.-.
N r|
{l'-
I
:::'' ilH,
k-"";j *" --- ?- -.,'"
;
i
g
*F--o
DNA Strand showirrg
ch€micar strucrurs
Guanine
i
l___i'
base
1r-
-- Y
R__'-'.."-.--
f.:'*
\ -I
rlrym,rle
''"-a
_.1
n"'
"""",". ", ""_."
28. The hypothesis that chloroplasts and mitochondria were originally prokaryotic organisms tiuing tJiinin eukaryotic
hosts is supported by the factthat mitochondria and chloroplasts
I possess circular DNA
II possess capability for protein synthesis
III possess a bilipid layer membrane
IV possess characteristic ribosomes of prokaryotes
a.
I
and
IV only
b.
c.
I and III onlv
I and II and III
d. I, il,
III,
and
IV
onlY
29. In the reaction below, what role does NAD* have?
.-: . , . :
,
S'il{e
.
.,
,'
, ::
xr
ffi#*fi
tr&#l.e*#,S"
rsan}r
a.*m**
F q; S#4.*.Lt::+j#
*m d*s,g
ii ,.e..€w
I
.
e*t
rffi
a.
b.
c.
d.
An intermediary energy carrier compound
Reduces the energy needed for the reaction to occur
Acts an enz.yme for form AB
Evenly distributes all hydrogens
30. Which of the following enhances membrane fluidity?
a.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons
ofthe
Saturated hydrocarbon ofthe
phospholipid tails
Integral membrane protei ns
c.
phospholipid tails
b.
Peripheral membrane proteins
d.
31. A research oncolof-ist diaco\re$ the addition of a new hydrophobic drug to a culture of cancer cells results in increased
transcription of a specific gene. Which type of receptor is most likely activated?
an enryme linked receptor
an ion-linked channel
a.
b.
an intracellular receptor
NISL Jan
\5,2015 Biology II Exam
c.
d.
a G-protein linked receptor
Page 4
32. A solution in a beaker contains all the enzrymes necessary for undergoing glycolysis.
solution. No oxygen or ATP is present. Does glycolysis occur? Why or why
c. Yes, becagse glycolysis
a. Yes, because oxygen is not present
dependent
Yes,
because glycolysis
d.
b. No, because ATP is not Present
A mole of glucose is mixed into
a
not?
is not ATP
is anaerobic
How
33. DNp (Dinitrophenol) is a uncoupling agent which inhibits a membrane's ability to maintain a proton gradientmitochondria?
does this DNP affect the function of the
c. No change in ATP production
a. Increase ATP production
d. Increase in FADHz
b. Decrease ATP production
34. Five mice were fed a diet containing a radioactive marker for oxygen in glucose. After the mice metabolized the
glucose, where would the radioactive oxygen be found?
a.
b.
c.
d.
HzO
coz
Oz
ATP
35. If cellular respiration were 100% efficient the process would produce approximately 80 ATP. However, the actual
yieldis around 30 ATP. What happens to the rest of the chemical enerry in glucose?
a.
b.
c.
d.
It is converted to starch
It stored as fat
It is converted to heat
It is released as COz and llz0
36. The calcium concentration in a cell is 0.3%. The concentration of calcium in the surrounding fluid is 0.1%. How does
the ce!! maintain a higher concentration of ealeium than its cnvironment?
c. osmosls
a. passive transport
b.
d.
active transport
diffusion
37. Which of the following correctly ranks the following structures in terms of size, largest to smallest?
Photosystem:P Chlorophyll molecule:M
Chloroplast:C Mesophyll
cell:MC
Thylakoid: T
a.
b.
c.
d.
P, T, M, C, MC
MC, C, M, T, P
MC, C, T, P, M
T, MC, C, P, M
38. When light strikes chlorophyll molecules they lose electrons, which
a.
b.
c.
d.
split water
breaks down ATP
oxidize glucose
fixcarbon
39. As the filtrate passes through the loop of Henle, salt is removed and the concentration of salt in the interstitial tissue
the kidney medulla rises. Because of the high salt concentration, the nephron is able to:
c. excrete large amount of water
a. control the pH of the interstitial fluid
d. excrete maximum amount of salt
b. reabsorb water most efficiently
40.The histological section of a foot of a 15-day-old mouse embryo shown below,
visualized using light microscopy, reveals areas of tissue between the toes
is being eliminated before the mouse reaches its full gestational age at27
days. In this embryo, what process is occurring?
a.
b.
c. Regeneration
Necrosis
d.
Apoptosis
NISL fan 15,2075 Biology
II Exam
Degeneration
Page 5
of
41. In this diagram, the product becomes the
Inhibilion ot the pathway
Subslrate /+
,--w--J
I
I
\w*.'* #
\
-
>ffi
"--*ffi
EnzyBte
Enzltm€,1
a.
b.
Allosteric Inhibitor
Competitive Inhibitor
Inlermediate
substlate
lnle{me.diate
substrate
AB
d.
End
Product
**ffi*ffi
2
-- .I.ffiffi
Fnzyme 3
Secondary Substrate
Enzyme-substrate Complex
42.lJsingthe diagram below, determine what action terminates the signal?
c. B and I'subunits dissociate
a. Binding G-protein to the membrane
d. Hydrolysis of GTP to GDP
b. A cellular response
Sagnating
t€oleeul€
tt\
.E-€J?---o--'--*\':
eubsnat
The'G
fronl
di€€ociates
the
aa and
7 subun;ts
a
trlgge!€
rrtgg€!€
snd
€sp€a€e
eelllrlsr
43. A colony of bacteria begins to increase the production of a toxin when a few bacteria detect competing bacteria within
their environment. This is an example of
a.
b.
Celladhesion
Celldiffusion
c.
d.
Cellcommunication
Cell stimulation
44. Adfarm researchers discover a new human protein that functions in the production of the nuclear envelopeBioinformatic analysis indicates that Saccharomyces cerevisiae has a homologous protein.
What would their next thought be?
a. The scientist cannot use their present data because it does not relate directly to humans
b. The scientist cannot correlate the bioinformatic analysis to human data.
irru xrrgfi - cereviside-aYrrnode I
d. The scientist can assume all eukaryotics use the protein
NJSL Jan
15,20L5 Biology Il Exam
Page 6
45. The diasram below illustrates which kind of enryme interaction?
Itegulatory
rnolecule
Yhre sctive slte tle*<rfile$
evailalrle trl tlre substretss
*nr}ren a regulatrrrlr rncrlecule
*rint*s tcr s different site r:rr
ths €:E!;zyirre"
a.
Competitive
inhibition
b.
Allosteric
regulation
ite lrsct>rnes
rrnavailable to the strbstrate$
r,vhgfl a regrrlatcrry rr:r}lecule
binds tre a <lifferent site on
tfis e:1uyfr|€.
Th*3 actiYq
c.
Noncompetitive
d.
Feedback
inhibition
inhibition
does the graph
46. Competitive and noncompetitive inhibition affects the rate of reaction differently. What conclusion
below suPPort?
l.ini*hibited
CompetitivB inhibitdr
_e
u
$
g
o llg vffi*r
o
g
1{r*r.gx
E
E
N
sn{:(}l}'!p{etiiru$ intl;hil(1r
t:'? 1/ry1p1
Kxn
b.
d.
K6
substrate conoentration {sl
Competitive inhibitors do not affect the initial rate of reaction, whereas noncompetitive
inhibitors do.
Competitive inhibitors affect the maximal reaction rate, whereas noncompetitive inhibitors
do not affect the maximal rate.
Competitive inhibitors affect the initial rate, but do not affect the maximal rate, whereas
noncompetitive inhibitors affect the maximal rate.
The data do not support the original statement.
NISLlan 15,20L5 Bioloryll Exam
Page 7
of living in a too
salty environment. They do lose water continuously but
replace it by drinking sea water and then desalting it.
The salt is retumed to the sea by active transport in their'
gills. Living in constant danger of dehydration by the
hypertonic sea, there is no reason to pump out large
amounts of nephric filtrate. Therefore, less water placed
in the tubules, the less that has to be reabsorbed- Marine
bony fishes rely more on tubular secretion for
eliminating excess or waste solutes. They have a renal
portal vein to the tubules of the kidney. If one were to
contrast a human nephron (shown below) with a
nephron from a marine bony fish, what structure in the
fish nephron might be missing or reduced in size?
47. Marine bony fishes have solved the problem
a. collecting
b.
48. In a
.glomerulus
to
glomerulus
renalveinl
Glomerulus
Tubules
drain
into
Branch
of rensl
3nery
riuel
CaBillaries
{tiny blood
vesselsJ
A
c. Loop of Henle
d. blood vessels
Tube
Eh:nd yessel to Blnod vessel
Nephron .\l:fi,|t
{part oftubulei
c.
the enclosed compartments in these organelles has a large volume
these organelles are very metabofically active and need high exchange surface areas to
support their activities.
the membranes are necessary to keep their compartments distinct from the surrounding
d.
the surface area is not relative to the volume in these organelles and their function.
-.
environment
49. What component of the immune system is represented below?
mwgmtm
t
t
#,*,
**tlw$
-
a. antibody
donn
colleeting
duct to renal
pxkis
typical eukaryotic cell the surface area-to-volume ratios of the endoplasmic reticulum
relative to the cytosol volume, the inner membrane of the mitochondria relative to the matrix
volume, and the thylakoid membranes relative to the stomal volume in the chloroplast are all
high. This implies that
a.
b.
Urine flnws
b. antigen
NISL Jan 75,2015 Biology II Exam
c.
histamine
Page B
interferon
oWW
50. Identify C, D and F in the diagram below.
t 'r'*.:..t' ';'-
$,
i,, Riffi W
'*;6ffi
.r"t *ffi,
fu{iffist
.
#
,.,
*$
r
c. blastula, blastocoel, blastopore
d. fertilization, induction, invagination
blastula, gastrula
a. cleavagi'blastula,
gastrula
b. -oruli
medium containing activin, an
51. A piece of tissue is removed from a frog blastula and cultured in a culture
inducer. The results are shown below. What can be deduced?
Artk!?S s*}i*
*hst{r*r-* {TlsSS$f*
S$wsq**$e\
**r*f,N;ats*s $s'e*'f$!}
iFrry hta*tws
i"fidttl *t)ncs{"ctr6{ffi
F}
W #
Ls$Ff
Faest
&e,$tf*i.Bt*s{ifts{
I'I*:t*ciwd
tSsc{*s
tr-€s*.,s1* $$Br
a.
b.
c.
d.
Tissue formation
The formation of
The formation of
The formation of
Ylss*ffi
tll
s$(#eE*$
rn***ls
g**ff!
ssls*ft tr*S{ $S$"!
$,r3 s*tixt{|
ss$ts
*r}i[ t'!#t$fs"]
is predetermined prior to the formation of the blastula'
the tissue is random and not induced by activin.
the tissue is from the inside to the outside of the organism'
tissues is induced depending on the concentration of activin-
during the
52. A child is born without a fully developed bladder. This problem most likely began early in development
formation of
d. endoderm
c. ectoderm
b. mesoderm
a. morula
NISL
lan 15,2015 Biology II Exam
Page 9
i
cells in breast milk that were from the
53. Dr. Foteini Hassiotou from Italy announced that she had found pluripotent
three initial germ laYers. What types of cells did she find?
a.
b.
c. Adult ste.rn cells
Animalcells
d.
Embryonic stem cells
Multipotent cells
in the external environment' Animals
54. Thermoregulation, osmoregulation and excretion, compensate for fluctuations
can use these controls,
to achieve homeostasis
to create energy
to change environmental conditions
d.
to communicate Problems
a.
b.
functions?
55. What are two body systems work together and use signals to coordinate body
systems
respiratory
and
excretory
skeletal and muscular sYstems
sYstem
nervous
and
endocrine
digestion and immune sYstems
c.
a.
b.
d.
of 129 amino acids. How would you calculate
20 amino acids?
the nu*b", of possible differJnt proteiis fzo-aminoacids long that could be built using
56. Lysozyme is a small protein consisting of a single polypeptide chain
a. t2g2o
b.2012t
c.20x129
d.20(129)x20
cell that measures 2'5mm by
57. What would be the approximate volume and surface area respectively for a ouboidal-like
3.0mm bv l.75mm?
13.1imm3 and 34.25mm2
u.
b.
13.13mm3 and 13.13mm2
58. If the diameter of a spherical cell goes from
ta.4b.6c'12d'
59.
c.
d.
2.18mm3 and 13.13mm2
9.18mm3 and25.77mm2
I to 2, it surface area goes from 3 to ,
is
(organelles)
A cell is not lirnited by its surface area to volume ratio only. cells contain 100's to 1000's of structures
support' Cell
within the cell membrane. In order for a cell to survive, the cell membrane needs extracellular
ha.re?
animals
do
support
walls enable plant cells to be larger. V/hat f,orm of extraceltular
c. cytoskeleton
a. waxy secretlons
b.
d.
oligosaccharides
glycocalyx
in the choices?
60. The characteristics listed in I, II, III below describe which type of tissue listed
I. multinucleatedcoenoc5rtes
II. contains a red pigmented fiber that stores oxygen
III. sarcoplasmic reticulum that stores calcium ions
a. connective
b.
muscle
NISLIan L5,20LS BiologYII Exam
c.
epithelial
Page 10
d.
nervous
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.t,t. :i;1-r 6p
tl
rl
-,';t. ;;,:,, li
l-' db
r:;i::
;,iJ
:.i
:li!:r giib ,i
-;,r-;
ilil|ruilffilflfin|ill
:
I