Study Guide—Chemistry
Name ____answer key_________________________ Period ____________
1. What is matter? ___anything that has mass and takes up space
2. List 3 examples of matter and 3 non-examples of matter.
EXAMPLES
NON-EXAMPLES
1. ___pencil________
1. ____light_____________
2. ___soda__________
2. ____heat______________
3. ____air___________
3. _____time_____________
3. Look at the examples below. Circle the ones that are examples of a physical change.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
defrosting frozen vegetables in the microwave (the way this one is phrased could be both)
baking cookies
adding 15mL of salt to 50mL of water
starting the engine of a car
making pancakes
4. What is the difference between dissolving sugar in water and making cookies with sugar in them?
When you dissolve sugar in water, the sugar just spaces out between the water molecules. When
you actually bake the cookies, the batter absorbs the heat to cook and becomes something new. The
sugar isn’t just sugar anymore.
5.
What is an atom?__the smallest part of an element that still has the properties of that
element_________________________
6. For each of the objects, list 5 physical properties.
a.
milk __white, temperature, viscosity or thickness, mass and volume___________
b.
paper clip __silver, small, smooth, magnetic, room temperature, (can give mass and
volume)_______________
7. Complete the chart identifying the characteristics of the different states of matter.
Describe the shape and
How are the particles moving?
volume
Gas
No set volume, no set shape
Quickly in all directions (particles
spread out)
Liquid
Solid
Set volume, takes the shape of
Slide past each other, but
the container
particles still pretty close
Set volume, set shape
Particles tight together, vibrate in
place
8. What moves in or out of matter as it changes state? ___heat energy___________
9. What are 3 signs that a chemical change has occurred?
a.
__change in color_________
b.
__release of odor_______
c.
__release of energy (light or heat)
d. __creation of a solid or gas
10. When you mix red Play Doh with blue Play Doh you can observe a color change, creating purple Play Doh. Is this a
physical or chemical change? Explain.
___This is a physical change. Even though it changed color, a new substance was not created. The play doh is still
play doh. __________________________________________
11. Identify each of the following as either a Chemical change (C) or a physical change (P).
a. ___p____ making ice cubes
b. ___c____ toasting bread
c. ___p____ painting a wall
d. ___c____ burning a candle
e. ___p____ Carving a pumpkin
f.
___p____ making chocolate milk
12. Label the diagram with the following terms: nucleus, electron, atom, proton, neutron (the whole thing is an atom,
and the nucleus is the neutrons and protons in the center)
Electron (negative charge)
Proton (positive charge)
Neutron (no charge)
13. Identify the elements and their symbols:
a. __C_______ Carbon
b. ___O______
Oxygen
g. _Hydrogen_ H
h. _Nitrogen_ N
c. __P_______ Phosphorus
i. __Sulfur__ S
d. __Ca______ Calcium
j. __Iron____ Fe
e. __Cl______ Chlorine
k. _Potassium_ K
f.
__Na______ Sodium
14. What is the difference between a mixture and a compound?
A compound is made of 2 or more elements that are chemically combined and has different
properties than the elements that make it up. A mixture is made of two or more substances that
don’t chemically combine and keep the properties of its components.
For numbers 15, write E if the description is an element, C if it is a compound, or M if it is a mixture.
____M_____ a. apple juice
____E______b. aluminum
____M_____ c. a bag of m&ms
____C_____ d. calcium chloride
____C_____ e. salt
____E_____ f. silver
____C_____ g. water
____M_____ h. hot cocoa
____C_____ i. nitrous oxide
For numbers 16-17, draw a model to represent the given chemical formula. Use the symbols that represent each element to
identify that element.
16.
# of molecules: _____1_________
Element
Number
Hydrogen
1
Nitrogen
1
Oxygen
3
17.
# of molecules: ___4___________
Element
Number
Sodium
1
Oxygen
1
Hydrogen
1
For numbers 18-19, write a chemical formula to represent the given model.
.
19.
18.
O
O
S
O
S
Ca
O
O
O
O
Cl
O
O
S
_____ CaClO3______________________
___3SO2____________________________
For number 20, Write Ho if the mixture is homogeneous or He if it is heterogeneous.
_____Ho________a. iced tea
_____He________b. a bowl full of Halloween candy
_____He________c. water and sand
_____Ho________d. water and salt
_____He________e. salt and pepper
_____Ho_______ f. a solution
21. List and describe 3 ways to separate a mixture.
a. __Use a filter _______________________________________________
b. __Add water and evaporate __________________________________
c. __Use a magnet to draw out magnetic substances________
___Physically pull out larger substances________________
22. Define the following:
a. Boiling point:__The temperature at which a liquid becomes a gas.___________________
________________________________________________________________________
b. Melting point__The temperature at which a solid becomes a liquid___________________
________________________________________________________________________
c. Freezing point ___The temperature at which a liquid becomes a solid.________________
________________________________________________________________________
23.
28
A. Atomic Number ___28___
Ni
Nickel
B. Atomic Mass ___59____
C. # of Protons
___28____
D. # of Neutrons ___31____
E. # of Electrons ___28____
58.693
86
F. Atomic Number __86____
Rn
Radon
G. Atomic Mass ___222___
H. # of Protons
___86____
I. # of Neutrons ___136___
J. # of Electrons ___86____
222
73
K. Atomic Number ___73___
L. Atomic Mass ___181___
Ta
Tantalum
M. # of Protons
___73____
N. # of Neutrons ___108___
O. # of Electrons ___73____
180.948
24. The following graph shows water going from a solid to a liquid to a gas. Using the temperature of
the water as a guide, label the brackets with the following:
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Gas
Solid
Liquid