May 31, 2010
SOL 6.1
experiment
A test of a hypothesis under conditions
established by the scientist.
hypothesis
Scientific guess
prediction
Making an inference about a future
event based on current evidence or
past experience
inference
Interpreting an observation.
independent
variable
What you change to do the
experiment.
dependent
variable
What has changed as a result of the
experiment.
purpose
The reason for doing the experiment
35
SOL 6.1 (continued)
May 31, 2010
conclusion
Hypothesis proved or disproved at the
end of the experiment
dichotomous key
A guide used to identify
organisms/based on like or unlike
characteristics
triple beam
balance (scale)
Instrument used to measure mass of
an object.
graduated
cylinder
Instrument used to measure liquid in
milliliters (ml)
37
SOL 6.6
May 31, 2010
air
Gases found in the atmosphere.
air pressure
A force that is the result of the weight
of a column of air pushing down on an
area.
humidity
A measure of the amount of moisture
or water vapor in the air.
troposphere
1st Layer of the atmosphere where
weather occurs
stratosphere
2nd Layer of the atmosphere where the
ozone layer is found
mesosphere
3rd Layer of the atmosphere where
most meteors burn up
thermosphere
Outermost and hottest layer of the
atmosphere
39
May 31, 2010
SOL 6.6 (continued)
warm front
cold front
When arm air moves over cold air
When cold air moves over warm air
temperature
The average amount of energy of
motion in the molecules of a substance
barometer
Instrument used to measure changes
in air pressure
anemometer
air mass
cumulus
cloud
Instrument used to measure the wind
speed
A huge body of air that has similar
temperature, humidity and air pressure
throughout it
A cloud that appears fluffy and is low
to the ground and indicates fair
weather.
41
SOL 6.6 (continued)
May 31, 2010
stratus cloud
Usually form in flat layers and cover all
or most of the sky.
cirrus cloud
A cloud that typically has a feathery,
wispy appearance and forms at high
levels (made of ice crystals)
ozone
A form of oxygen that can form near
the surface when exhaust pollutants
react with sunlight.
ultraviolet
radiation
Radiant energy from the sun that when
exposed to is harmful to living
organisms
hygrometer
Instrument used to measure the
amount of moisture in the air
humidity
Moisture in the air
front
The area where the air masses meet
and do not mix
43
SOL 6.6 (continued)
stationary front
occluded front
May 31, 2010
Cold and warm air masses meet but
neither has enough force to move the
other
A warm air mass is caught between
two cooler air masses.
maritime air
mass
Air masses formed over oceans.
(moisture)
continental air
mass
Air masses found over land
(dry)
tropical air mass
Air masses that form in the tropics and
have low air pressure.
(warm)
polar air mass
Air masses that form in the northern
and southern hemispheres and have
high air pressure.
(cold)
cumulonimbus
cloud
Towering clouds with flat tops often
producing thunderstorms.
45
SOL 6.6 (continued)
weather vane
thermometer
rain gauge
May 31, 2010
Instrument used to indicate the
direction of air movement
Instrument used to measure
temperature.
An instrument used to measure the
precipitation
47
SOL 6.4
atom
May 31, 2010
Smallest unit of an element that still
has the properties of that element.
proton
A positively charged subatomic particle
found inside the nucleus.
neutron
A subatomic particle with no charge
found in the nucleus.
electron
A negatively charged subatomic
particle found outside the nucleus.
nucleus
The center of an atom that is made up
of protons and neutrons.
atomic number
The number found on the periodic
table of elements that determines the
number of protons.
element
A pure substance made up of only one
kind of atom.
49
SOL 6.4 (continued)
May 31, 2010
compound
A substance made up of two or more
elements that are chemically joined.
matter
Anything that has mass and takes up
space (solid, liquid, gas)
chemical
equation
A way to show a chemical reaction
using symbols.
chemical change
A change in matter that produces new
substances.
physical change
A change that alters the appearance of
a substance but does not make the
material change into another
substance.
51
May 31, 2010
SOL 6.2
potential energy
Stored energy.
kinetic energy
Energy in motion.
renewable
resources
Energy sources that are available on an
ongoing basis.
nonrenewable
resources
Energy that takes a long period of time
to form and once its depleted, they are
gone forever.
energy
transformation
When one form of energy changes into
another form of energy.
geothermal
energy
Energy from the Earth’s interior
hydroelectric
power
Electricity produced from the flow of
water.
53
SOL 6.2 (continued)
May 31, 2010
solar energy
Energy generated by the sun.
tidal energy
Energy produced from the rise and fall
of tides.
fossil fuels
biomass
A nonrenewable source of energy in
the form of coal, oil, and natural gas.
Energy found in nature such as
agricultural crops and residue, wood
and wood waste, animal waste, aquatic
plants, and organic components.
Wind energy
Energy of moving air.
55
May 31, 2010
SOL 6.3
solar radiation
Energy from the sun that is made up of
different types of radiation (including
infrared, visible light, and ultraviolet) .
wavelength
The distance between one point on a
wave to the corresponding point on
another wave in a series.
ultraviolet rays
Harmful rays from the sun.
visible light
The colors of the rainbow, the only
light that we can see.
infrared radiation
Form of radiant energy that travels in
wavelengths, not visible, and felt as
warmth.
reflection
Transfer of energy of light waves from
one object to another.
absorption
Transfer of energy of light waves from
one object to another.
57
SOL 6.3
Greenhouse
Effect
convection
electromagnetic
spectrum
May 31, 2010
The natural heating process of a planet,
such as Earth, by which gases in the
atmosphere trap thermal energy.
The transfer of thermal energy by the
movement of liquid or gas (fluid).
Displays forms of energy that can travel
through space as wavelengths.
59
SOL 6.5
universal
solvent
solute
adhesion
cohesion
density
surface
tension
solvent
May 31, 2010
The idea that a large number of
substances will dissolve in water.
The part of a solution present in a
lesser amount and dissolved by a
solvent.
The unique property of water whereby
water molecules stick to other
substances.
The unique property of water whereby
one water molecule sticks to another
water molecule.
The amount of mass in a given space.
The tightness across the surface of
water caused by the polar water
molecules pulling on each other.
The part of a solution that is present in
a largest amount and dissolves a
solute.
61
SOL 6.7
ecosystem
May 31, 2010
Made up of living community and the
nonliving factors that affect it.
biotic
Living organisms in an environment
abiotic
watershed
wetland
estuary
erosion
Nonliving factors of an environment
The land area that supplies water to a
river system
An area of land that is covered with a
shallow layer of water during some or
all of the year (example: swamps,
marshes, bogs)
A coastal inlet or bay where fresh
water mixes with salty ocean water
The process by which water, ice, wind,
or gravity moves fragments of rock and
soil
63
SOL 6.7 (continued)
swamp
marsh
May 31, 2010
A tree dominated wetland where the
soil is saturated or flooded with water
during most or all of the year.
A wetland characterized by soft, wet,
low-lying land and having an
abundance of emergent vegetation.
bog
A poorly drained wetland dominated by
moss and shrubs
dissolved
oxygen
The amount of gaseous oxygen in the
water, measured in parts per million
turbidity
Indicator where a muddy look is
created by suspended sediment or
foreign particles.
salinity
The total amount of salts in a water
sample.
65
SOL 6.7 (continued)
May 31, 2010
tributary
A stream that flows into a larger
stream
sediment
Small, solid particles of material from
rocks or organism which are moved by
water or wind, resulting in erosion.
transition zone
the brackish area where fresh and
saltwater inter mix
habitat
water quality
pH
The place where an organism lives and
that provides the things it needs to live
or survive.
The degree of purity of water,
determined by measuring the
substances in water, besides water
molecules.
A scale used to determine how acidic
or basic a substance is ranging from 014
67
May 31, 2010
SOL 6.9
renewable
resources
A resource that is naturally replaced in
a relatively short time.
nonrenewable
resources
A natural resource that is not replaced
as it is used.
conservation
preservation
SPSA
EPA
Inland Game
and Fisheries
The process of using a resource wisely
so it will not be used up.
The process of keeping up or
maintaining.
(Southeastern Public Service Authority)
Waste management
(Environmental Protection Agency)
Federal Agency that regulates
protecting human health and with
safeguarding the natural environment
established to ensure that all species of
wildlife and aquatic resources are
maintained, regulated and protected
69
SOL 6.8
meteor
asteroid
May 31, 2010
A streak of light in the sky produced by
the burning of a meteoroid in Earth’s
atmosphere.
Any of thousands of dense rocky
objects typically in orbit around the sun
between Mars and Jupiter.
comet
revolution
rotation
A ball of ice and dust and frozen gases
and in orbit around the sun in an
elliptical orbit
The movement of an object around
another object.
The spinning motion of a planet about
its axis.
outer planets
Jovian planets that are gaseous, found
outside of the asteroid belt (except
Pluto-solid)
inner planets
Terrestrial planets are dense solid
planets inside of the asteroid belt
71
SOL 6.8 (continued)
gravity
axial tilt
probe
satellite
Heliocentric
Theory
Geocentric
Theory
tides
May 31, 2010
The attractive force between two
objects
The invisible axis that are tilted
allowing for seasons to occur.
An interplanetary spacecraft
Any object that revolves around
another object in space.
The theory whereby the Sun is found
at the center of the Solar System
(Copernicus)
The theory whereby the Earth is found
at the center of the Solar System
(Ptolemy)
The daily rise and fall of the Earth’s
waters due to the gravitational force
created by the Moon and Sun on the
Earth
73