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Heating and Insulating Buildings
Question Paper
Level
Subject
Exam Board
Unit
Topic
Sub-Topic
Booklet
IGCSE
Physics (4403)
AQA
P1
The Transfer of Energy by Heating Processes
Heating and Insulating Buildings
Question Paper
Time Allowed:
41 minutes
Score:
/41
Percentage:
/100
Grade Boundaries:
Page 1
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Q1.Under the same conditions, different materials heat up and cool down at different rates.
(a)
What is meant by specific heat capacity?
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(2)
(b)
Quenching’ is a process used to change the properties of steel by cooling it rapidly.
The steel is heated to a very high temperature and then placed in a container of cold
water.
(i)
A metalworker quenches a steel rod by heating it to a temperature of 900 °C
before placing it in cold water. The mass of the steel rod is 20 kg.
The final temperature of the rod and water is 50 °C.
Calculate the energy transferred from the steel rod to the water.
Specific heat capacity of steel = 420 J / kg °C.
Use the correct equation from the Physics Equations Sheet.
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Energy transferred = ........................................ J
(3)
(ii)
The temperature of the steel rod eventually returns to room temperature.
Compare the movement and energies of the particles in the steel rod and in
the air at room temperature.
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(3)
(iii)
When the steel rod is being quenched, the temperature of the water rises to 50
°C. After a few hours the water cools down to room temperature.
Some of the cooling of the water is due to evaporation.
Explain in terms of particles how evaporation causes the cooling of water.
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(4)
(Total 12 marks)
Q2.One method of reducing energy loss from a building is to replace single-glazed windows
with double-glazed windows.
(a)
The diagram shows a double-glazed window which has a gas sealed between two
sheets of glass.
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(i)
Conduction through a double-glazed window is less than through a
single-glazed window.
Give two reasons why.
Tick ( ) two boxes.
Tick ( )
Double-glazed windows have plastic frames.
Double-glazed windows have twice as much
glass.
Double-glazed windows shut properly.
Gases are poor conductors.
(2)
(ii)
Convection takes place in the gas between the sheets of glass.
Explain how convection occurs.
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(4)
(b)
The U-value of building materials is important when considering the structure of a
house.
(i)
Complete the following sentence.
The lower the U-value, the better the material is as
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(1)
(ii)
The U-value of a window depends on:
•
the number of sheets of glass
•
the distance between the sheets of glass
•
the type of gas between the sheets of glass.
The table shows data for some windows.
Number of
sheets of
glass
Type of gas
between the
sheets of
glass
Distance between
the sheets of glass
in mm
U-value in
W / m2 °C
2
Air
24
2.3
2
Argon
24
1.1
3
Argon
24
0.9
3
Argon
36
0.7
3
Argon
44
0.6
3
Krypton
36
0.5
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What conclusions can you make based on the data in the table above?
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(4)
(iii)
The gas between the sheets of glass is at atmospheric pressure.
The gas can be removed, leaving a vacuum between the sheets of glass.
Suggest one advantage and one disadvantage of having a vacuum between
the sheets of glass.
Advantage..............................................................................................
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Disadvantage.........................................................................................
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(2)
(Total 13 marks)
Q3.The diagram shows three cups A, B and C.
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Energy is transferred from hot water in the cups to the surroundings.
(a)
Use the correct answer from the box to complete each sentence.
condensation
conduction
convection
Energy is transferred through the walls of the cup by ....................................... .
In the air around the cup, energy is transferred by ........................................... .
(2)
(b)
Some students investigated how the rate of cooling of water in a cup depends on
the surface area of the water in contact with the air.
They used cups A, B and C. They poured the same volume of hot water into each
cup and recorded the temperature of the water at regular time intervals.
The results are shown on the graph.
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Time in minutes
(i)
What was the starting temperature of the water for each cup?
Starting temperature = ........................................ °C
(1)
(ii)
Calculate the temperature fall of the water in cup B in the first 9 minutes.
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Temperature fall = ........................................ °C
(2)
(iii)
Which cup, A, B or C, has the greatest rate of cooling?
Using the graph, give a reason for your answer.
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(2)
(iv)
The investigation was repeated using the bowl shown in the diagram.
The same starting temperature and volume of water were used.
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Draw on the graph in part (b) another line to show the expected result.
(1)
(v)
After 4 hours, the temperature of the water in each of the cups and the bowl
was 20°C.
Suggest why the temperature does not fall below 20°C.
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(1)
(c)
(i)
The mass of water in each cup is 200 g.
Calculate the energy, in joules, transferred from the water in a cup when the
temperature of the water falls by 8°C.
Specific heat capacity of water = 4200 J / kg°C.
Use the correct equation from Section B of the Physics Equations Sheet.
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Energy transferred = ........................................ J
(3)
(ii)
Explain, in terms of particles, how evaporation causes the cooling of water.
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(4)
Page 9
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(Total 16 marks)
Page 10