Hayes 1877-1881
Garfield 1881
Arthur 1881-1885
Cleveland 1885-1889
Harrison 1889-1893
Cleveland 1893-1897
McKinley 1897-1901
States’ rights
sovereignty
nullification
Tariff
Radical Republicans
1870s-1890s
“waving the bloody shirt of rebellion”
“waving the bloody flag of rebellion”
Roscoe Conkling NY
James G. Blaine Maine
“Millionnaires’ Club”
“the Railroad Lobby”
1. Conservative
Rep party in control
2. Economy fluctuates
a.
Poor economy, prosperity,
depression
b.
1873 1893 1907 1929
c.
Significant technological
advances
3. Significant social changes
1876 Disputed Election of 1876
Rep- Rutherford B. Hayes Ohio
Dem-Samuel Tilden NY
To win 185
Tilden 184 + 1
Hayes 165 + 20
Fl SC La Oreg
January 1877 Electoral Commission of 15
5 H, 5S, 5SC
7 R, 7 D, 1LR
8 to 7
Compromise of 1877
1. End reconstruction April 30, 1877
2. Appt s. Dem. Cab David Key PG
3. Support funds for internal
improvements in the South
Hayes 1877-1881
“ole 8 and 7 Hayes” “His Fraudulency”
Carl Schurz
Wm Everts
Civil Service Reform
Chester A. Arthur
Great Strike of 1877
Resumption Act 1875 specie
Bland Allison Silver Purchase Act 1878
16:1 $2-4 million/mo
Silver certificates
1880
James G. Blaine
Blaine Halfbreeds
Rep James A Garfield Ohio
Chester A. Arthur
Roscoe Conkling
Conkling Stalwarts Grant
Dem Winfield Scott Hancock PA
Greenback Party James B. Weaver Iowa
Battle of the 3 Generals
1881 Arthur
Pendleton Civil Service Act 1883
Chicago and Boston
1884 Election
Rep. Blaine of Maine
Mugwumps
Dem. Grover Cleveland NY
“Rum, Romanism and Rebellion”
1885-1889
Character
Union Veterans
Grand Army of the Republic
LQC Lamar S of Interior
1862 union pension
1887 Dependent Pension Bill
Interstate Commerce Act 1887
ICC
Pooling, rebates, drawbacks
GAR
Prohibit discrimination
John D. Rockefeller
Tariff
High protective tariff
1. raise price of protected goods
2. create monopoly
“charge what the traffic will bear”
1888 Election
Dem Cleveland NY
Tammany Hall
Rep Benjamin Harrison Ind
Sir Lionel Sackville-West
1889-1893 Harrison
1890
“Billion Dollar Congress”
1. Disability Pension Act 1890
2. Sherman Silver Purchase Act 1890
a.
4.5 million oz/mo
b.
16:1
$2- 4mil/mo
16:1
3. Sherman Anti-Trust Act 1890
“in restraint of trade”
4. McKinley Tariff 1890
western Rep and eastern Rep
John Wanamaker Postmaster Gen
1890 mid term
Grand Ole Party GOP
1890 Populist Party People’s Party
Greenbackers, Farmers, Unions, Labor,
Free-Silverites
“Pitchfork” Ben Tillman
“Bloody Bridles” Waite
“Sockless” Jerry Simpson
James B. Weaver
William Jennings Bryan
Platform of 1892
1. Free and unlimited coinage of silver
2. Flexible currency system/Govt
controlled/regulated national banking
system/increase in circulating medium
to $50 per capita
3. Grad. Income tax
4. Sub-treasury banks
5. Postal savings banks
6. Public ownership of railroads,
telegraph, telephone
7. Reclamation of land held illegally
8. Immigration restriction
9. 8-hour day for labor
10. Prohibit the use of labor spies
11. Direct election of U. S. Senators
12. Secret ballot
13. Initiative and referendum
14. One 6-year term for President
1892
James B. Weaver—Pop 1,000,000
Cleveland Dem
Harrison Rep
Cleveland—Dem 1893-1897
Harrison—Rep
Panic of 1893
National Cordage Company
1.
1887 ag depression
2. Bus distress in Europe
3. Over-speculated and over-valued
4. Industrial strikes
5. Silver policy
Coin’s Financial School
$100,000,000 gold
Jan 1894 $50,000,000 10,000,000
J.P. Morgan
Nov. 1894 $100,000,000 20,000,000
Feb. 1895 $50,000,000 10,000,000
Jan. 1896 $100,000,000
Revenue McKinley Tariff 1890
“Billion Dollar Congress” 1889-1891
Wilson-Gorman Tariff 1894
Pullman Strike Pinkertons
Mark Hanna Ohio Dynasty
“Trickle down theory”
Bill McKinley Ohio
1896 Battle of the Standards
Rep McKinley
gold
“Bill McKinley, author of the McKinley Tariff,
advance agent of prosperity”
Dem silver Wm Jennings Bryan Neb
“Cross of Gold”
Pop Bryan silver