RELATION
RELATIONBETWEEN
BETWEENELECTRONEGATIVITY
ELECTRONEGATIVITYDIFFERENCE
DIFFERENCE(∆)
(∆)OF
OFTHE
THEATOMS
ATOMS
AND
ANDAMOUNT
AMOUNTOF
OFPARTIAL
PARTIALIONIC
IONICCHARACTER
CHARACTER(%)
(%)OF
OFSINGLE
SINGLEBONDS
BONDS
(Ia)
11(Ia)
11
1
1s 1s
2
2 1
3
1
55
66
77
3
1
1
2
2 2
4
2
4
1s 2s
1s 2s 0.6180
2
2
2
2
32
3
2
2
11
2 8
11
8 1
1
BeBe
1
1
1
(Ne)3s
1
(Ne)3s 0.54793
2
12
2 8
12
8 2
2
K
K L
L M
M N
N
2
19
2 8
19
8 8
1
8 1
1
1
2
(Ne)3s
2
Mg
Mg
1
1
(Ar)4s
(Ar)4s 0.50147
K
L
M
N
O
(Ar)4s
(Ar)4s
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
K
L
M
N
O
P
2
8
18
8
1
2
37
8
37
18
1
8
1
1
1
(Kr)5s
(Kr)5s 0.48592
3
3
1
2
(IVb)
44(IVb)
2
22
28
22
8 10
102
2
4
4
2
(Ar)3d2 4s2
(Ar)3d 4s
3
3
2
2
2
(VIb)
66 (VIb)
(Vb)
55 (Vb)
2
23
28
23
8 11
112
2
5
4
5
3
(Ar)3d3 4s2
(Ar)3d 4s
4
3
3
2
2
24
28
24
8 13
131
1
2
2
6
4
*
*
6
5
(Ar)3d5 4s1
(Ar)3d 4s
4
1
3
3
2
2
(VIIb)
77 (VIIb)
2
28
813
2
13
2
7
25
25
7
6
(5) 4
*
*
6
(5) 4
5 2
5 2
3
3
(VIII)
88 (VIII)
2
2
(Ar)3d 4s
(Ar)3d 4s
ScSc
2
38
2 8
38
8 18
2
18 8
8 2
2
ins.
2
2
(Kr)5s
(Kr)5s
TiTi
2
39
2 8
39
8 18
1 2
189
9 2
1 2
0.307
2
VV
2
40
28
40
8 18
1810
102
2
3
(Kr)4d 5s
(Kr)4d 5s
4 (3) (2)
2
2
(Kr)4d2 5s2
(Kr)4d 5s
2
41
28
41
8 18
1812
121
1
CrCr
5
4
(4) 3
2
42
28
42
8 18
1813
131
1
(2)
1
(Kr)4d4 5s1
(Kr)4d 5s
2
8
18
18
8
1
2
55
8
55
18
1
18
8
1
0.47163
1
SrSr
1
(Xe)6s
(Xe)6s
2
YY
56
2 8
56
8 18
18 18
18 8
8 2
2
2
(Xe)6s
(Xe)6s
2
ZrZr
6
5
(Kr)4d5 5s1
(Kr)4d 5s
57
2
3
2 8
57
8 18
1818
189
9 2
1
72
28
72
8 18
1832
3210
102
2
(Xe)5d 6s
(Xe)5d 6s
Nb
Nb
4 (3) (2)
14
2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
2
2
(5) 4
3
(2)
1
Mo
Mo
73
28
73
8 18
1832
3211
112
2
5 (4) (3) (2)
2
28
818
13
18
2
13
2
43
43
7
(6) (5) 4
14
3
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
2
2
28
818
32
18
13
32
2
13
6 (5) (4) (3) (2)
14
4
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
2
(3)
5 2
5 2
(Kr)4d 5s
(Kr)4d 5s
1.90
0.1391
1.90
11.50
0.1391
22.6
11.50
4567
22.6
575.1840
4567
23.0274
575.1840
23.0274
(6) (5) 4 3
Tc
Tc
74
28
74
8 18
1832
3212
122
2
28
814
2
14
2
75
75
7
14
(6) (5) 4
5
3
2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
26
26
6
6
(6) (5) (4) 3
2
2
2
2
(Ar)3d 4s
(Ar)3d 4s
44
44
8 (6) (5) 4
3
(2)
8 (6) (5) 4
3
(2)
7
7
1
1
(Kr)4d 5s
(Kr)4d 5s
1.05
7.370 1.05
2.20
0.1410
7.370 0.1240
2.20
8.3
12.30
0.1240
0.1410
1.17
7.1
8.3
12.30
2427
4119
1.17
7.1
589.3552
Ruthenium2427
4119
0.24
26.0000
101.0700
589.3552
Ruthenium
101.0700 0.24 8 (6) 426.0000
3 2
Ru
Ru
2
28
818
32
18
14
32
2
14
76
76
8
14
(6) 4
6
3
2
2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
2
1 0.52
140 2 2
140.322
3 2
140.815
4 2
14
14 6 2
ins.
0.15 5 2
1.10
3.8940.47163
0.70
5.212ins.
0.90
5.5770.5
6.650 0
1.30
7.890 0.322
1.30
7.980 0.815
1.70
7.880 0.15
1.90
8.700 1.10
2.20
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
0.2350
0.1980
0.1690
0.1440
0.1340
0.1300
0.1280
0.2518
0.2060
0.1915
0.1476
0.1413
0.1360
0.1310
0.1266
3.894
0.70
5.212
0.90
5.577
6.650
1.30
7.890
1.30
7.980
1.70
7.880
1.90
8.700 0.1260
2.20
70.0
39.2
22.6
19.9
10.9
9.5
8.6
8.4
1.8785
3.51
6.1453
13.31
16.6
19.35
20.53
22.48
0.2350
0.1980
0.1690
0.1440
0.1340
0.1300
0.1280
0.1260
0.2518
0.2060
0.1915
0.1476
0.1413
0.1360
0.1310
0.1266
0.359
0.184
0.134
0.230
0.575
1.73
0.480
0.876
29.6
12.3
4.9
17.2
8.1
70.0
39.2
22.6
19.9
10.9
9.5
8.6
8.4
1.8785 19
3.5136
6.145354
13.31
16.6
19.35
20.53
22.48
28.8
725.1
920
2222
2985
3407
3180
(2727)
678.5
1849
3470
4450
5513
5563
5687
(5500)
0.359
0.184
0.134
0.230
0.575
1.73
0.480
0.876
19
36
54
29.6
12.3
4.9
17.2
8.1
67.5133 Barium
139.7114 Lanthanum
400.5448 Hafnium
568.5152 Tantalum
734.1932 Tungsten (Wolframium)803.5904 Rhenium
711.8944 Osmium
Caesium28.8
725.1
920
2222
2985
3407
3180
(2727)
678.5
1849
3470
4450
5513
5563
5687
(5500)
2.0892 137.3300 0.19
8.0387 138.9055 0.20
8.4992 178.4900 0.15
24.0741 180.9479 0.14
36.4252 183.8500 0.13
39.7746 186.2070 0.14
33.4944 190.2000 0.13
31.7778
132.9054 0.24
67.5133 Barium
139.7114 Lanthanum
400.5448 Hafnium
568.5152 Tantalum
734.1932 Tungsten (Wolframium)803.5904 Rhenium
711.8944 Osmium
Caesium
2.0892 1 137.3300 0.19
8.0387 2 138.9055 0.20
8.49923 178.4900 0.15
24.07414 180.9479 0.14
36.4252 183.8500 0.13
39.7746 186.2070 0.14
33.4944 190.2000 0.13
31.7778
132.9054 0.24
2
8
18
32
18
8
1
2
87
8
87
18
1
32
18
1
8
1
(Rn)7s
(Rn)7s
FrFr
BaBa
2
88
8
2
1888
8
2
32
18
18
2
32
8
0.6518 2 5.279
0.24478
0.65
2.412 5.279
2
89
8
2
1889
8
32
1 2
18
18
32
1 2
9
0.90 182 5.170
0.2042 9
0.90 5 2 5.170
1
2
(Rn)7s
(Rn)7s
(0.15) 0.2447
2.41
(27)
Francium(0.15)
(27)
(223)
Francium
(223)
alkali metals
alkali metals
LaLa
RaRa
0.186
700
Radium 0.186
700
226.0254 0.12
Radium
226.0254
alkaline0.12
earth
(Rn)6d 7s
(Rn)6d 7s
0.2042
5
1737
AcAc
0.12
1050
Actinium0.12
1050
1737
8.3736 227.0278
Actinium
8.3736 227.0278
metals
HfHf
2
104
8
2
18 104
8
32
14 2 2
18
32
32
14 2 2
10
1.10322
0.189510
1.10
10.072
3
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.1895
10.07
(3330)
2
105
8
2
18 105
8
32
14 3 2
18
32
32
14 3 2
11
32
2
11
(17) 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(17)
14.2351
2
8
2
18
8
32
18
32
32
12
32
2
12
(21.6) 2
106
106
14
4
Re
Re
2
(Rn)5f14 6d4 7s2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(21.6)
2
8
2
18
8
32
18
32
32
13
32
2
13
(23.2) 2
107
107
14
5
Os
Os
108
108
2
(Rn)5f14 6d5 7s2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
Unnilhexium
(263)
Unnilhexium
(263)
Atomic number
Electron configuration
Electron configuration
4
}
Electron affinity (eV) .
ins. = negative ion not stable
affinity
(eV)(eV)
.
FirstElectron
ionisation
energy
ins.
=
negative
notbond
stable
Covalent radius for a ion
single
(nm)
First ionisation energy (eV)-6
Molarfor
volume
(m³/mol
10 )
Covalent radius
a single
bond x(nm)
Thermal conductivity
(W/m.K
x 102xat1025˚C)
-6)
Molar volume
(m³/mol
Melting
Point
(°C)
Thermal conductivity (W/m.K
x 102 at
25˚C)
}
2
24
Melting
Point12(°C)
Atomic
weight
C=12
Atomic weight 12C=12
4
6
6
4
2
2
-4
-4
K
L
KM
LN
MO
NP
O
P
K
L
KM
LN
MO
NP
OQ
P
Q
4
2
58
8
2 18
58
8 20
2 0 2
188
2 0 2
202
8
5.470
2
0.1646
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
Ce
Ce
Th
Th
0.540
765
Thorium 0.540
0.11
232.0381765
Thorium
232.0381 0.11
PrPr
5.420
20.8
0.1648
0.125
20.8
919
0.125
Praseodymium
0.19
140.9077 919
Praseodymium
140.9077 0.19
6.657
0.197873
6.657
3470
73
3470
5.1833
2
90
8
2 18
90
8 32
0 2 2
1818
3210
0 2 2
182 6.080
10
2 6.080
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
3
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
5.470
20.7
0.1646
0.113
20.7
795
Cerium 0.113
0.21
140.1200795
Cerium
140.1200 0.21
3
2
59
8
2 18
59
8 21
3 0 2
188
212
3 0 2
8
5.420
0.1648
0.1978 2
4
Unnilseptium
5.18334
2
91
8
2 18
91
8 32
2 1 2
1820
329
2 1 2
1.30 202 5.890
0.1788 9
1.30
11.7 2 5.890
4
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
Pa
Pa
0.1788
(0.47)
14.7
11.7
(1227)
3470
(0.47)
14.7
511.8304
Protactinium
3470
0.12
16.1192
231.0359 (1227)
511.8304 Protactinium
16.1192 231.0359 0.12
}
Oxidation states
see notes
Acid/base character of the oxide
Oxidation states see notes
Acid/base character of the oxide
}
1s² 2s² 2p²
Crystal structure
Pauling electronegativity
Crystal
Atomicstructure
radius (nm)
Pauling
electronegativity
Volumetric
mass at 20°C (kg/m³ x 10-3 for liquids
Atomic
radius
and solids
and(nm)
at 1 bar for gases)
Volumetric
mass at 20°C
(kg/m³
for liquids
Electrical resistivity
(ohm.m
x 10x-810at-30°C)
and
solidspoint
and (°C
at 1atbar
for gases)
Boiling
1 bar)
8 at 0°C)
Electrical
resistivity
(ohm.m
x
10-(kJ/mol)
Molar enthalpy of vaporization
Boiling
(°C of
at fusion
1 bar) (kJ/mol)
Molar point
enthalpy
Molar enthalpy of vaporization (kJ/mol)
Molar enthalpy of fusion (kJ/mol)
Heat capacity (J/Kg.K x 10-3 at 25°C)
Heat capacity (J/Kg.K x 10-3 at 25°C)
1s² 2s² 2p²1.2629
11.2601.2629
2.60
0.0620
11.260 0.0770
2.60
2.25
5.3
0.0620
0.0770
1375
0.1
2.25
5.3
4000
1375
713.9367
Carbon 0.1
104.6700
0.71
12.0110 4000
713.9367
Carbon
104.6700
0.71
12.0110
CC
4
3
2
60
8
218
60
822
4 0 2
18
8
22
4 0 2
2
8 5.490
0.1642
0.1942 2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
Nd
Nd
5.490 20.6
6.773
0.1642
0.1942
0.165
65
20.6
6.773
1019
3130
0.165
65
331.3560
Neodymium
3130
0.21
11.3044
144.2400 1019
331.3560 Neodymium
5 (4)
11.3044
144.2400 0.21
2
92
8
218
92
832
3
18
21
32
3
9
1.50 21
2 6.050
0.1804 9
1.50 2 6.050
15.37
5
(4)
6
14.6538
4
4
3
1
2
UU
0.275
1130
Uranium 0.275
0.12
238.0289 1130
Uranium
238.0289 0.12
Rh
Rh
77
77
14
7
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
3
2
2
14 7 2
1.565
9.100 1.565
2.20
0.1260
0.1227
9.100
2.20
8.6
22.421
0.1260
0.1227
1.47
4.7
8.6
22.421
2454
4389
1.47
4.7
609.7784
Iridium 2454
4389
26.3768
192.2200 0.13
609.7784
Iridium
26.3768
192.2200 0.13
2
IrIr
109
109
14
7
3
2
8
218
824
18
8
24
2
8
0.1882 2
0
2
Pm
Pm
5.550
20.2
0.179
20.2
1080
0.179
Promethium
1080
0.19
(145)
Promethium
0.19
(145)
(3)
1
7.22
0.1882
50
7.22
(2727)
50
(2727)
6
5
6
5
2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
1 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.063
630
Neptunium0.063
237.0482 630
Neptunium
237.0482
4
(3)
4
(3)
2
8
218
832
18
24
32
8
1.30 24
2
0.1741 8
1.30 2
20.45
0.1741
119
20.45
119
10.8857
10.8857
8
8
3
2
(Ar)3d 4s
(Ar)3d 4s
2
(4) 3
2
1.80
0.1139
1.80
8.90
0.1139
6.2
8.90
2920
6.2
373.4528
2920
17.6264
373.4528
17.6264
Ni
Ni
2
82
18
8
18
18
18
(4) 3
46
46
10
10
4 (3)
2
4 (3)
2
0
0
(Kr)4d 5s
(Kr)4d 5s
0.557
8.340 0.557
2.20
0.0561
8.340 0.1280
2.20
8.9
12.02
0.1280
0.0561
0.718
10
8.9
12.02
1554
2940
0.718
10
360.1152
Palladium 1554
2940
0.24
17.5846
106.4200
360.1152
Palladium
106.4200 0.24 (6) 417.5846
(3) 2
Pd
Pd
2
82
18
8
32
18
17
32
117
78
78
(6) 4 (3)
14
9
1
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
Pt
Pt
110
110
2
3
2
42
4
14
8
6
0
2
2
2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
6 0 2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
5.630
Sm
Sm
0.1660
0.1854
5.630 20.0
7.520
0.1660
0.1854
0.133
91.4
20.0
7.520
1072.1
1803
91.4
164.1358
Samarium 0.133
1803
0.18
8.9179
150.3600 1072.1
164.1358
Samarium
4 (3)
150.3600 0.18 6 5 8.9179
94
94
6
6
0
Pu
Pu
6.060
0.0670
639.6
Plutonium 0.0670
639.6
(244)
Plutonium
(244)
4
(3)
2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
6 0 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
6.060
5
1.30
0.1784
1.30
19.84
0.1784
146
19.84
3235
146
507.6624
3235
66.9888
507.6624
66.9888
1
(Ar)3d 4s
(Ar)3d 4s
1
47
47
1
10 1
10 1
(Kr)4d 5s
(Kr)4d 5s
1.302
7.576 1.302
1.90
0.1286
7.576 0.1340
1.90
10.3
10.5
0.1340
0.1286
4.29
1.47
10.3
10.5
961.9
2164
4.29
1.47
Silver (Argentum)
961.9 257.0822
2164
0.24
11.9533
107.8682
Silver (Argentum) 257.0822
11.9533
107.8682 0.24
3 1
Ag
Ag
79
79
3
14
10
1
1
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
2
1
2
2
2 2p
2
1s 2s
47
47
51
51
55
55
59
59
63
63
4
2
2
2.1
2.1
2.2
2.2
2.3
2.3
2.4
2.4
2.5
2.5
67
67
70
70
74
74
76
76
79
79
2.6
2.6
2.7
2.7
2.8
2.8
2.9
2.9
3
3
-4
-4
2
52
5
7
2
2
3
1s 2s2 2p2
2
2
2
4
1s 2s2 2p2
3
9
2
82
18
8
218
2
2
30
30
2
10 2
10 2
(Ar)3d 4s
(Ar)3d 4s
2
48
48
2
10 2
10 2
(Kr)4d 5s
(Kr)4d 5s
2
82
48
4
2
31
82
31
188
318
3
3
3
10 2 1
10 2 1
2
49
82
188 49
1818
318
3
NN
4
14
14
4
2
2
(Ne)3s 3p
2 2
1.385
(Ne)3s
3p
SiSi
2
9
7 2
7
-1
9
2
2
5
1s 2s2 2p2
4
2
32
82
32
188
4 18
4
2
82
58
5
OO
5
15
15
2
(4) 3 (1) -3
5 (4) 3 (1) -3
3
(Ne)3s 3p2
2
16
8 2 16
6 8
6
6
4
6
2
4
(Ne)3s 3p2
3
2 (1) -2
4 2 (1) -2
2
10
1
2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
2
81
82
188 81
3218
1832
318
PP
4
2
4
10
2
2
2
4
2
33
82
33
188
5 18
5
SS
5
3
-2
5
10
2
3
-2
3
(Ar)3d 4s
10 4p
2
2
Ge
Ge
3
(1)
10 2 1
10 2 1
6
2
34
8 2
34
188
6 18
10 2 4
6
10 2 4
7
2.60
2.60
0.0810
0.0810
2.07
23
2x102.07
444.7
2x1023
9.5864
444.7
1.7187
9.5864
1.7187
4
-2
6
4
-2
(Ar)3d 4s 4p
3
As
As
2
50
82
188 50
1818
10 2 2
4 18
10 2 2
1.112
4
4
2
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
2
2
8
2
18
8
32
18
25
832
225
8
2
7
0
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
7 0 2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
3
14
10
2
1
1
2
5 (4)
51
82
188 51
1818
10 2 3
5 18
10 2 3
1.07
5
3
-3
5
7
(4) 3 1
5(6) (4) 3
(6)
95
95
6
7
0
2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
7 0 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
5.993
5.993
Americium
(243)
Americium
(243)
0.1
994
0.1
994
5.2434
0.1826
89
5.2434
1440
89
1440
10.4670
510.4670
4 (3)
5
2
82
4
82
188 82
3218
14 10 2 2
1832
14 10 2 2
0.364
4 18
2
1
2
Gd
Gd
(3)
2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
1 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(0.1)
Curium
(2600) (247)
Curium
(247)
14
6C
9F18
11Na
6C14 22
11Na
9F18 2428
12Mg
11Na2622
24
13AI
11Na
32 28
15P
12Mg
3526
16S
13AI
17CI
15P3236
39
35
18Ar
16S40
19K
17CI36
45
20Ca
18Ar4039
40
21Sc
19K42
22Ti
20Ca5145
24Cr
21Sc4053
25Mn
22Ti4254
25Mn
24Cr6051
26Fe
25Mn6053
54
27Co
25Mn
57
28Ni
26Fe5960
28Ni
27Co6360
57
28Ni
28Ni64
29Cu
28Ni59
67
63
29Cu
28Ni65
30Zn
29Cu6764
31Ga
29Cu7267
65
31Ga
30Zn68
32Ge
31Ga67
31Ga72
32Ge68
(0.1)
114
114
1
4 (2) -2
(Ne)3s 3p2 5
3.6173p
(Ne)3s
6
0
2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
9 0 2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
Tb
Tb
10
2
2
83
5
82
188 83
3218
14 10 2 3
1832
14 10 2 3
0.946
5 18
2
66
8
182
66
288
818
228
8 5.928
0.1775 2
3
3
CICI
5
(4) (3) 1
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
ß–
5730 y
109.8 m
ß+, E.C.
2.605
ßß+–, E.C.
5730 y
14.97
h
ßß–+, E.C.
109.8 m
21
h y
ßß–+, E.C.
2.605
7.2
x 10
14.97
h5 y ßß+––, E.C.
14.28
ßß–
21 h d
5
87.2
7.2 xd10
y ßß––+, E.C.
314.28
x 105dy
ßß–
269
87.2y d 9 ßß–––
1.25
x 510y y ßß–
3 x 10
163.8
d
ßß––
269 y
–
83.8
1.25 dx 109 y ßß+–
0.20
ßß–
163.8s d
27.70
E.C.
83.8 dd 6
ß–
3.7
0.20x 10
s y E.C.
ß+
E.C.
312
d d
27.70
E.C.
5
–
10
3.7 yx 106 y ßE.C.
–
5.272
ßE.C.
312 dy
+
.
5 h
36.1
ß
ß–, E.C
10 y 4
7.6
x
10
y
E.C.
5.272 y
ß––
100
ßß+, E.C.
36.1y h
–
+
12.701
, ß , E.C.
7.6 x 10h4 y ßE.C.
61.9
ßß––
100 yh
243.8
ßß+–,, E.C.
12.701d h
ß+, E.C.
78.25
E.C.
61.9 hh
ß––
13.95
ßß+, E.C.
243.8 hd
288
d
E.C.
78.25 h
E.C.
13.95 h
ß–
288 d
E.C.
6
-1
(3) 1
-1 2
-1
2 6
10 2 6
2
(6)
54
8 2
18 8 54
18 18
10 2 6
8 18
10 2 6
ins.
8
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
-2
XeXe
2
85
7 -5 3 1
8 2
18 8 85
32 18
14 10 2 5
18 32
2.8 14 10 2 5
7 18
2
(14)
3
2
67
8
182
67
298
10 0 2
8 18
10 0 2
2 29
8 6.020
0.1589
0.1750 2
3
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p2.20
14
10
2
117
117
4
Ununpentium
2
118
118
5
14
10
2
3
Ununoctium
Ununseptium
Ununoctium
halogens
halogens
3
(2)
noble gases
noble gases
3
2
2
2
2
68
69
70
38
3 (2)8
3
8
18 2
182
182
68
69
70
8
8
30
31
32 8
11 0 2
12 0 2
13 0 2
14 0 2
8 18
8 18
8 18
11 0 2
12 0 2
13 0 2
14 0 2
2 30
2 31
2 32
8 6.100
8 6.184
8 6.254
2
2
0.1580
0.1567
0.1562
0.1699
0.1727 2
0.1703
0.1681
0.1658
3
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
Tm
Tm
YbYb
2
28
3
71
18 2
71
32 8
14 1 2
9 18
14 1 2
2 32
9 5.426
2
0.1557
0.1553
0.1626
14
2970
Californium
2970 (251)
Californium
(251)
73
33As
33As74
73
34Se
33As75
7974
34Se
33As
75
35Br
34Se82
8179
36Kr
34Se85
36Kr
35Br8682
37Rb
36Kr8781
37Rb
36Kr9085
86
38Sr
37Rb
88 87
39Y
37Rb
89
40Zr
38Sr9390
88
40Zr
39Y95
89
40Zr
40Zr94
93
41Nb
40Zr95
41Nb
40Zr9593
42Mo
41Nb9994
95
42Mo
41Nb
97 93
43Tc
42Mo
98 99
43Tc
42Mo
9997
43Tc
43Tc106
98
44Ru
43Tc102
99
45Rh
43Tc107
106
46Pd
44Ru108
102
47Ag
45Rh110
107
47Ag
46Pd111
47Ag
47Ag109108
48Cd
47Ag110
47Ag111
48Cd109
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.1598
15.1
(0.1)
Einsteinium (0.1)
(252)
Einsteinium
(252)
80.3 d
E.C.
17.78 d
ß+, E.C., ß–
118.5
E.C.
80.3 d4
E.C.
617.78
x 10 dy
ßß– +, E.C., ß–
–
35.3
h d
ßE.C.
118.5
6
4
2.1
10 yy E.C.
6 xx10
ß–
10.72
ßß– –
35.3 hy
–
18.63
2.1 x d10106 y ßE.C.
4.9
x 10y
ßß– –
10.72
29
y d
ßß– –
18.63
106.61
d 10 E.C.,ß
4.9 x 10
ß+ – +
78.4
ßß,– E.C.
29 yh 6
–
+
1.5
x 10 dy ßE.C.,ß
106.61
64.03
ßß– +, E.C.
78.4 hd 4
–
2.4
1.5xx10
106yy ßß– –
34.98
ßß–
64.03dd3
3.5
2.4xx10
104yy E.C.
ß–
65.94
ßß– –
34.98hd6
2.6
3.5xx10
106 3yy E.C.
E.C.
–
4.2
x
10
ß
y
65.94 h 5
ß– –
2.13
106 yy ßE.C.
2.6 xx 10
–
6
372.6
4.2 x d10 y ßß–
2.9
y x 105 y E.C.
2.13
ß–
6.5
x 10d6 y ßß– –
372.6
2
1.3
2.9xy10 y E.C.,I.I.
E.C.
–
249.8
6.5 x d106 y ßß–,–I.I.
7.47
1.3 xd 102 y ßE.C.,I.I.
462.3
d
E.C.
249.8 d
ß–, I.I.
7.47 d
ß–
462.3 d
E.C.
49In115
50Sn126
125
115
51Sb
49In121
126
52Te
50Sn
123125
52Te
51Sb
127
121
52Te
52Te
129 123
53I
52Te
131 127
53I
52Te
133
54Xe
53I129
135
54Xe
53I131
134133
55Cs
54Xe
137135
55Cs
54Xe
131
134
56Ba
55Cs
137137
57La
55Cs
140131
57La
56Ba
144
137
58Ce
57La
142140
59Pr
57La147
144
60Nd
58Ce145
142
61Pm
59Pr147
147
61Pm
60Nd
146145
62Sm
61Pm
148147
62Sm
61Pm
149146
63Eu
62Sm
148148
64Gd
62Sm
150
149
64Gd
63Eu
158
148
65Tb
64Gd
166
150
67Ho
64Gd
168
158
69Tm
65Tb
166
67Ho
69Tm168
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.1576
(0.1)
(0.1)
Fermium
(257)
Fermium
(257)
14
–
4.4 x 10 y ß
105 y
ß–
2.76
4.4 yx 1014 y ß–ß–.
16.8
105 dy 13 E.C
ß–.
1.3
x 10
2.76
y y E.C
ß–
9.5
h d
ß–E.C.
16.8
7 13
–
1.6
1.3x x1010y y ß–E.C.
8.04
ß ß–
9.5 dh
5.25
1.6 dx 107 y ß––ß–
9.1
h d
ß ß–
8.04
2.065
ß–ß–
5.25 Yd
30.17
ß–ß–
9.1 hy
11.8
d
E.C.
2.0654 Y
ß–
6 30.17
x 10 yy
E.C.
ß–
ß–E.C.
40.28
11.8 hd
–
284.4
d 4 y ß E.C.
6 x 10
19.13
ß–ß–
40.28h h
10.99
ß–ß–
284.4d d
17.7
y h
E.C.
19.13
ß–
–
2.6234
y
10.99 d 8 ß ß–
1.03
x
10
y
α E.C.
17.7 15y
7 2.6234
x 10 yy α ß–
93.1
1.03d x 108 yE.C.
α
757 yx 1015 y α α
6
1.8
x 10
93.1
d y α E.C.–
I.I.,ß
150
75 yy 3
–α
1.2
1.8x x10106 y ß α
93.1
E.C.
I.I.,ß–
150dy
3
1.2 x 10
ß–
93.1 d
E.C.
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.1557
Mendelevium (0.1)
(258)
Mendelevium
(258) 169
70Yb
72Hf181
187169
75Re
70Yb
194181
76Os
72Hf
192 187
77Ir
75Re
195194
79Au
76Os
199
192
79Au
77Ir203
195
80Hg
79Au
204 199
81Tl
79Au
202203
82Pb
80Hg
204
82Pb
81Tl205
210202
82Pb
82Pb
207 205
83Bi
82Pb
208 210
83Bi
82Pb
208
207
84Po
83Bi
209208
85At
83Bi
222208
86Rn
84Po
212 209
87Fr
85At
226222
88Ra
86Rn
227
212
89Ac
87Fr
228226
90Th
88Ra
230227
90Th
89Ac
232228
90Th
90Th
231230
91Pa
90Th
233
232
92U
90Th
234
231
92U
91Pa
235
233
92U
92U
236
234
92U
92U
92U235
92U236
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.1527
(0.1)
(0.1)
(0.1)
Nobelium
(259)
Nobelium
(259)
32.02 d
E.C.
42.4 d
ß–
4.532.02
x 1010
d y ß–– E.C.
6.042.4
y d
ß ß–
10
73.83
4.5 xd10 y ß– ß–
186.1
E.C.
6.0 yd
ß–
3.14
d d
ß– ß–
73.83
46.6
d d
ß– E.C.
186.1
3.78
y d
ß– ß–
3.14
5.346.6
x 10d4 y
E.C.
ß–
1.51
x 10
3.78
y 7 y E.C.
ß–
–
4
22.3
y
5.3 x 10 y ß E.C.
7
32.2
y
E.C.
1.51 x 10
y E.C.
5
3.68
x 10
ß–
22.3
y y E.C.
α E.C.
2.898
32.2yy
5.41
h x 105 y ß+E.C.
, E.C., α
3.68
3.82
d y
αα
2.898
–
205.41
m h
E.C.,
ß+, ßE.C., α
1600
αα
3.82y d
21.77
ß, E.C.,
α ß–
20 my
1.913
y
α
1600 y 4
α
7.54
x 10y y α ß, α
21.77
1.41.913
x 1010
y4 y α α
2.27
x 10
y4 y α α
7.54
x 10
5
1.59
1.4xx10
10510y y α α
2.45
x 10
y4 y α α
2.27
x 10
8
7.04
x 10
y5 y α α
1.59
x 10
7
2.34
x
10
2.45 x 10y5 y α α
7.04 x 108 y α
2.34 x 107 y α
66
LuLu
5.42617.8
6.9654
9.8404
0.1557
0.1658
0.1553
0.164
27.7
54
17.8
6.9654
9.8404
1652
1430
3330
0.164
27.7 Lutetium
54
1430 174.8670 0.151652 19.2593
3330
Lutetium
3 2
3
19.2593
174.8670 0.15
3
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
3
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
2
2
2
2
2
2
98
99
100
101
102
103
3 8
3 8
38
3 28
3 28
8
182
182
182
182
18 2
18 2
98
99
100
101
102
103
8
8
8
8
8
32
32
32
32
32
32 8
10 0 2
11 0 2
12 0 2
13 0 2
14 0 2
14 1 2
2818
2918
3018
3118
32 18
32 18
10 0 2
11 0 2
12 0 2
13 0 2
14 0 2
14 1 2
832
8 32
8 32
8 32
8 32
9 32
1.30 228 6.300
1.30 2 29 6.420
1.30 2 30 6.500
1.30 2 316.580
1.30 2 326.650
1.30 2 32
0.1626 8
0.1598 8
0.1576 8
0.1557
0.1527
0.1581
8
8
9
1.30
1.30 2 6.420
1.30 2 6.500
1.30 2 6.580
1.30 2 6.650
1.30 2
14 2 6.300
15.1
4
77
6
(Rn)5f 6d14 7s10 7p2 6
(Rn)5f 6d 7s 7p
Ununseptium
Ununhexium
ErEr
RnRn
66
(12.9)
chalcogens
chalcogens
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p 6
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
(Rn)5f 6d
7s 7p
14 10 2 5
(Rn)5f 6d 7s 7p
Ununhexium
nitrogen group
nitrogen group
10
55
(4)
(12.9)
(13.5)
3
14
2
86
8 2
18 8 86
32 18
14 10 2 6
18 32
ins.14 10 2
8 18
10.748
ins.
8
0.2140
0.1146
0.1090
2.20
10.748
50.50.2140
9.73
0.1146
0.1090
0.0000361
50.5
9.73
-710.0000361 -62
334
16.7137
-71
-62
334 Radon
0.09
2.8889
(222)
16.7137
Radon
0.09
2.8889
(222)
AtAt
(Rn)5f 6d
7s 7p
14 10 2 4
(Rn)5f 6d 7s 7p
Ununpentium
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
Ho
Ho
116
116
3
(13.5)
Ununquadium
4
10
(14)
carbon group
carbon group
4
14
PoPo
-1
44
(4) (2)
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
II
33
(4) (2)
10
(Ar)3d 4s 4p
1
22
(4) (2)
36
36
8 2
18 8
8 18
8
KrKr
0.1592
5.850 19.3
5.928 19.0
6.020 18.8
6.100 18.5
6.184 18.1
6.25424.8
8.2294
8.5500
8.7947
9.006
9.3208
0.1592
0.1589
0.1580
0.1567
0.1562
0.1699
0.1775
0.1750
0.1727
0.1703
0.1681
0.111
0.107
0.162
0.145
0.169
0.349
113
89
90
81
67
19.3
19.0
18.8
18.5
18.1
8.2294
8.5500
8.7947
9.006
9.3208
1356
1500
1461
1497
1545
82424.8
2800
2600
2600
2900
1730
0.145
0.169 291.760067 Ytterbium 0.349
113 Dysprosium 0.107 250.080089 Holmium 0.162 250.080090 Erbium
81 Thulium
Terbium 0.111 291.7600
1356
1500
1461
1497
1545 18.4219
824
2800 162.5000 0.17
2600 164.9304 0.16
2600 167.2600 0.17
2900 168.9342 0.16
1730 173.0400 0.14
16.3285
17.1659
17.1659
17.1659
158.9254 0.18
291.7600 Dysprosium
250.0800 Holmium
250.0800 Erbium
291.7600 Ytterbium
Terbium
Thulium
4 3
3
3
3
3 2
16.3285
17.1659
17.1659
17.1659
18.4219
158.9254 0.18
162.5000 0.17
164.9304 0.16
167.2600 0.17
168.9342 0.16
173.0400 0.14
0.1
1285
Berkelium 0.1
1285
(247)
Berkelium
(247)
6
ArAr
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
2
84
6 4 2
8 2
188 84
3218
14 10 2 4
1832
1.914 10 2 4
6 18
(Rn)5f 6d
7s 7p
14 10 2 3
(Rn)5f 6d 7s 7p
Ununquadium
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
Dy
Dy
115
115
2
(16)
3
4
14
(16)
Ununtrium
4
9
2
(Ne)3s 3p2
ins. 3p
(Ne)3s
ins.
12.967 3.617
3.15
15.759
12.967
3.15
15.759
0.1740
0.0990
0.0725
0.0659
0.0990
0.0725
0.0659
24.20.1740 1.784
18.7
3.214
0.0001772
0.000089
109Liq.
24.2
18.7
3.214
1.784
9
-189.4
-101
-34
0.0001772-185.9
0.000089 10
Liq.
-189.4 6.4937
-101 10.1658-34 Argon
-185.9
Chlorine
1.1757
3.2050
6.4937
10.1658 39.9480
35.4530
Chlorine0.48
Argon 0.52
1.1757
3.2050 39.9480 0.52
35.4530 0.48
2
7 5 (4)
53
8 2
18 8 53
18 18
10 2 5
7 18
10 2 5
3.0591
7
TeTe
BiBi
(Rn)5f 146d 7s
7p
10 2 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s 7p
boron group
boron group
2
97
8
2
18
97
8
32
9 0 2
18
27
9 0 2
832
1.30 227 6.230
0.1657 8
1.30 2 6.230
13.51
0.1657
13.51
2
Ununtrium
3
1
10
(Rn)5f 146d 107s 7p
2 1
(Rn)5f 6d 7s 7p
Ununbium
0.1614
6.140 19.9
7.9004
0.1614
0.1713
0.105
126
19.9
7.9004
1306
3000
126
Gadolinium0.105 300.0960
1306
3000
15.4912
157.2500 0.23
300.0960
Gadolinium
3
15.4912
157.2500 0.23
0.1757
13.67
(2600)
6
18
18
8 2
8 8
8
5
(Ar)3d 4s 4p
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
(Xe)4fe 5d 6s 6p
(Xe)4fe 5d 6s 6p
Pb
Pb
(16.8)
3
7
14
(16.8)
3
2
96
8
2
18
96
8
32
7
18
25
7
932
1.30 225 6.020
0.1757 9
1.30 2 6.020
13.67
4
2
(Rn)5f 146d 107s 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
2
65
8
2
18
65
8
27
818
227
8 5.850
0.1713 2
-1
1 -1 2
BrBr
2
6
52
8 2
188 52
1818
10 2 4
6 18
10 2 4
1.9708
6
Sb
Sb
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
TITI
Ununbium
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
7 1 2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
5.666
Eu
Eu
2
2
64
8
2
18
64
8
25
918
225
9 6.140
0.1826 2
2
0.1850
5.666 29.0
0.1850
0.139
29.0
826
Europium 0.139
826
151.9600 0.18
Europium
151.9600 0.18 6
2
2
1s 2s2 2p2
5
2
5 (4)
35
8 2
35
18 8
7 18
10 2 5
7
10 2 5
SeSe
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
Sn
Sn
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
(Xe)4f 5d 6s 6p
113
113
10
(24.2)
Unununium
3
10
8 2 10
8
Ne
Ne
2
17
8 2 17
7 8
7
2
11
-1 2
FF
0.7465
2.07712
(Ne)3s
3p
(Ne)3s
3p
1.385
1.90
10.486 0.7465
2.15
10.360 2.07712
1.90
10.4860.1100
2.15
10.3600.1040
0.1068
0.0919
0.1170
0.1068
0.0919
0.1170
0.1100
0.1040
2.33
1.82
12.13
17.0
15.5
5
17
10
101.82
1.49
0.00236
0.00205
2.33
12.13
17.0
15.5
1412
* *0.00236
44.2 * * 280.3
115.2
2680
105
1017
1.49
0.00205
1412 357.6144
115.2
2680 Phosphorus * * 44.2 * * 280.3 Sulfur
0.70
0.76
50.2416
0.6573 32.0600
357.6144 30.9738
Phosphorus
Sulfur 0.73
0.70
50.2416 30.9738 0.76
0.6573 32.0600 0.73
(Ar)3d 4s
10 4p
2
InIn
(24.2)
Ununnillium
3
HeHe
17
17(VIIa)
(VIIa)
12334s 4p
0.81 4s 4p
2.02069
3.3654s 4p
ins. 4s 4p
(Ar)3d
(Ar)3d
(Ar)3d
4s 4p
(Ar)3d
(Ar)3d
1.60
7.899 1.233
1.90
9.810
2.00
9.752
2.45
11.814 3.365
2.85
13.999
0.3
0.81
2.02069
ins.
0.1250
0.1890
0.1254
0.1090
0.1001
0.0918
0.0851
0.0795
0.1142
1.60
7.899 0.1220
1.90
9.810 0.1210
2.00
9.752 0.1170
2.45
11.814
2.85
13.999
11.8
13.1
16.5
32.20.1890 3.733
13.5
5.904
5.35
5.727
4.81
3.119
23.5
0.1250
0.1210
0.1170
0.1220
0.1254
0.1090
0.1001
0.0918
0.0851
0.0795
0.1142
5
18
0.294
0.502
0.0519
0.0000943
0.602
26
1.2
0.00122
11.8 (30°) 13.6
13.1
16.5
32.2
13.5 46x10 22°c
5.904
5.35
5.727
4.81
3.733
23.5 7.8x103.119
5
29.8
817
221
-157.2
940
* * 61326
6851.2
-7.30.00122 7.8x10
2852
58.8 18
0.294 (30°) 1980
0.502
0.0519
0.0000943-153.4
0.602 46x10
13.6
22°c
326.3544
14.7130
29.8
817
221
-157.2 8.9945
1980 Germanium 940
* * 613 Selenium
685 Bromine
-153.4
-7.3
2852 Arsenic
58.8 Krypton
0.37
0.33
0.32
0.25
0.32
5.5936 72.5900
21.3527
5.4428
1.6358
0.47
36.8438
5.2963
74.9216
78.9600
79.9040
83.8000
8.9945
326.3544 Arsenic
14.7130 Krypton
Germanium
Selenium
Bromine
0.37
5.5936 72.5900 0.32
21.3527 78.9600 0.32
5.4428 79.9040 0.47
1.6358
36.8438 74.9216 0.33
5.2963 83.8000 0.25
3 (1)
4 2
5 (4) 3 -3
6 4 (2) -2
7 5 (4) 1 -1
(6) (4) (2)
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
(Kr)4d 5s 5p
80
80
14
(Rn)5f 146d 97s 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
Unununium
63
63
ins.
ins.
24.587
24.587
0.0291
0.0291
31.8
0.1785
31.8
0.1785
0.001513
0.001513
-272.2
-268.9
-272.2
-268.9
0.0809
Helium
0.0809
Helium 5.19
0.0138
4.0026
0.0138
4.0026 5.19
0.30
1.70
5.786 0.30
1.70
7.344 1.112
1.80
8.641
2.05
9.009
2.30
10.451 3.0591
2.65
12.130
1.07
1.9708
ins.
0.2090
0.1184
0.1382
0.1240
0.1193
0.1111
0.1044
0.0986
0.1333
1.70
5.786 0.1500
1.70
7.344 0.1400
1.80
8.641 0.1410
2.05
9.009 0.1370
2.30
10.451
2.65
12.130
15.7
16.2
18.2
42.90.2090 5.887
8.642
7.30
7.28
6.684
6.25
4.93
20.4
25.7
0.1500
0.1400
0.1410
0.1184
0.1382
0.1240
0.1193
0.1111
0.1044
0.0986
0.1370
0.1333
6
15
0.818
0.668
0.244
0.0000565
6.8
8.0
11.5
39
0.0338
0.00449
15.7
16.2
18.2
42.9
8.642
7.30
7.28
6.684
6.25
5.887
20.4 4.36x10 25°C
25.7 1.3x10 4.93
6
156.6
232
630.7
-111.9
767
2070
164039
449.6
113.6
1009
184.2 15
0.818
0.668 * * 2623
0.244
0.0000565-108.1
6.8
8.0
11.5
0.0338 4.36x10
0.00449 1.3x10
25°C
99.4902
295.0110
156.6 230.9489
232
630.7 192.6866
-111.9 12.5874
767 Indium
2070 Tin (Stannum)
* * 2623 Antimony (Stibium)
1640 Tellurium
-108.1
449.6 50.4328
113.6 20.8942
1009 Iodine
184.2 Xenon
0.23
0.21
0.21
0.16
6.0709
3.2699
6.9920
19.8454
2.3006
0.20
0.43
17.5008
7.7644
114.8200
118.6900
121.7500
127.6000
126.9045
131.2900
99.4902 Indium
230.9489 Tin (Stannum)
295.0110 Antimony (Stibium) 192.6866 Tellurium
12.5874
50.4328 Iodine
20.8942 Xenon
6.0709
3.2699
6.9920 121.7500 0.21
19.8454
2.3006
7.7644 131.2900 0.16
114.8200 0.23
118.6900 0.21
127.6000 0.20 6 4 17.5008
126.9045 0.43
2 1
3 1
4 2
5 3
2 -2
7 -5 3 1 -1
(4)
Cd
Cd
14
1
(Ne)3s 3p
2 1
0.441
(Ne)3s
3p
Ga
Ga
ins.
8.993 ins.
8.993 0.1410
13.1
0.1410
0.969
13.1
321.1
0.969
Cadmium 321.1
0.23
112.4100
Cadmium
112.4100 0.23
2
82
18
8
32
18
18
32
218
3
(Ar)3d 4s 4p
0.3 4s 4p
(Ar)3d
Zn
Zn
2
82
18
8
18
18
218
2
3
13
13
ins.
9.394 ins.
160
5.999
0.1065
9.394 0.1250
160
5.999
9.2
7.14
0.1250
0.1065
1.16
5.5
9.2
7.14
419.6
911
1.16
5.5
Zinc
419.6 115.1202
911 Gallium
0.39
7.3897 69.7200
65.3800
115.1202
Zinc
Gallium
7.3897 69.7200
65.3800 0.39
2
Hg
Hg
2
(27.4)
2
8
2
18
8
25
818
225
8
2
2
1s 1s2
(-1) -2
(-1) -2
2
8
6 2 8
6
22
2
16
16(VIa)
(VIa)
3 2 1 (-1) (-2) (-3)
5 3 4 2 1 (-1) (-2) (-3)
5 4
7
2
91
3.1
91
3.1
92
3.2
92
3.2
93.7
3.3
93.7
3.3
94.3
3.4
94.3
3.4
94.6
3.5
94.6
3.5
82
82
84
84
86
86
88
88
89
89
15
15(Va)
(Va)
CC
AlAl
112
112
14
Ununnillium
isotope
half-life
s = second
half-life
m
= minute
second
hs = hour
minute
dm = day
hour
yh = year
d = day
y = year
desintegration
mode
α : α-particle emission
ßdesintegration
: electron (ß-)mode
3rd column :
positron emission
(ß+)
α : or
α-particle
ß : emission
electron (ß-)
E.C.ororbital
electron
positron
(ß+) capture
I.I. isometric
emission transition
S.F.
fission
E.C.spontaneous
orbital electron
capture
I.I.isometric transition
fission
ß–
0n1
12 m S.F.spontaneous
ß–
1H3
12.26 y
7
1
E.C.
4Be
53.29
ß––
0n
12
m d6
ß
4Be3 10
1.6 x 10
ß–
1H
12.26
y y
7
E.C.
4Be
53.29 d 6
10
ß–
4Be
1.6 x 10 y
2nd column :
3rd column :
1
10 1
10 1
(27.4)
SELECTION OF RADIOACTIVE
ISOTOPES
SELECTION
OF RADIOACTIVE
1st column :
isotope
ISOTOPES
1st
2ndcolumn
column::
2
111
111
2
triads
triads
3
2
29
29
Cu
Cu
2
82
18
8
32
18
18
32
118
4
6
6
5.986 0.441
1.50
8.151
5.986 0.1250
1.50
8.151
0.1312
0.1250
0.1312
10.0
2.702
2.37
2.50
10.0
2.702
660.3
2447
2.37
2.50
2447 Silicon
Aluminium 660.3 289.6760
10.7182
289.6760 28.0855
26.9815
Aluminium0.90
Silicon
10.7182 28.0855
26.9815 0.90
12
12 (IIb)
(IIb)
Au
Au
(Rn)5f 146d 87s 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
3
2
82
38
3
1.235
7.726 1.235
1.90
0.1191
7.726 0.1170
1.90
7.1
8.92
0.1170
0.1191
4.01
1.6
7.1
8.92
1084.5
2582
4.01
1.6
Copper (Cuprum)
1084.5 303.1803
2582
0.39
13.2722
63.5460
Copper (Cuprum) 303.1803
13.2722
63.5460 0.39
2
82
18
8
18
18
118
1
1.6
1.6
1.7
1.7
1.8
1.8
1.9
1.9
2.0
2.0
14 9 1
14 10 1
14 10 2
2.128
2.30863
uns.
0.214 10 2 1
9.000 2.128
2.20
9.225 2.30863
2.40
10.437 uns.
1.90
6.108 0.2
1.80
7.416 0.364
1.80
7.289
1.90
8.420
2.00
0.946
1.9
2.8
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0.1290
0.1340
0.1440
0.1221
0.1187
0.1126
0.1319
0.1215
0.1295
0.1212
9.000
2.20
9.225
2.40
10.437
1.90
6.108 0.1550
1.80
7.416 0.1540
1.80
7.289 0.1520
1.90
8.420 0.1530
2.00
9.1
10.2
14.1
17.3
18.2
21.3
21.45
19.28
13.594
11.85
9.80
9.4
0.1290
0.1340
0.1440
0.1550
0.1540 11.3437
0.1520
0.1530
0.1221
0.1187
0.1126
0.1319
0.1215
0.1295
0.1212
0.716
3.18
0.0830
0.461
0.353
0.0792
(0.20)
9.81
2.05
94
15
19.2
107
409.4
0.017
9.1
10.2
14.1
17.3
18.2
21.3
21.45
19.28
13.594
11.85
11.3437
9.80
1772
1064.43
-38.9
303.1
327.5
271.4
254
3824
2808
356.7
148715
1751
1579
96240
3020.017
0.716
3.18
0.0830
0.461
0.353
0.0792
(0.20)
9.81
2.05
94
19.2
107
507.6624 Gold (Aurum)
58.8938 Thallium
102.5328 Astatine
Platinum 1772
1064.43 333.7734
-38.9
303.1 164.2609
327.5 177.2650
271.4 150.8816
3824
2808 Mercury (Hydrargyrum)
356.7
1487 Lead (Plumbum)
1751 Bismuth
1579 Polonium 254
962
302
0.13
0.13
0.16
0.12
0.13
19.6780
12.3720 200.5900 0.14
2.2969
4.0821
4.7771
10.8857 (209)
195.0800 0.13
507.6624 196.9865
333.7734 Mercury (Hydrargyrum) 58.8938 204.3830
164.2609 207.2000
177.2650 208.9804
150.8816 Polonium
102.5328 (210)
Platinum
Gold (Aurum)
Thallium
Lead (Plumbum)
Bismuth
Astatine
0.13
19.6780 196.9865 0.13
12.3720 200.5900 0.14
2.2969 204.3830 0.13
4.0821 207.2000 0.16
4.7771 208.9804 0.12
10.8857 (209)
195.0800 0.13
(210)
1
(28.2)
62
62
2
2
82
18
8
118
1
26
26
30
30
34
34
39
39
43
43
14
14 (IVa)
(IVa)
BB
11
11 (Ib)
(Ib)
2
2
1.156
7.635 1.156
7.635 0.1150
6.6
0.1150
0.909
6.6
1455
0.909
Nickel
1455
0.44
58.6900
Nickel
58.6900 0.44
triads
triads
3
28
28
(28.2)
Unnilennium
Np
Np
2
2.20
0.1364
2.20
12.4
0.1364
4.3
12.4
3727
4.3
493.4912
3727
21.5620
493.4912
21.5620
4 3 2
(6) 4
Unniloctium
CRYSTAL STRUCTURE
CRYSTAL
face-centeredSTRUCTURE
cubic
monoclinic
(Kr)4d 5s
(Kr)4d 5s
Unnilennium
2
93
8
218
93
832
4
18
22
32
4
9
1.70 22
2 6.190
0.1775 9
1.70 2 6.190
19.05
3
1
1
(28.6)
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
0 2
(Xe)4f 5d 6s
face-centered cubic
cubic
cubic
body-centered cubic
body-centered cubic
hexagonal
hexagonal
rhombohedral
rhombohedral
tetragonal
tetragonal
orthorhombic
orthorhombic
monoclinic
4
Unniloctium
(2)
0.1775
28
19.05
3927
28
415.5496
3927
12.5604
415.5496
12.5604
45
45
2
82
16
8
216
2
(Rn)5f14 6d77s2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(2)
7.004
0.1912
61
7.004
3111
61
250.0800
3111
7.1385
250.0800
(5)7.1385
4 (3)
2
1.80
0.1181
1.80
8.9
0.1181
5.6
8.9
2897.1
5.6
371.8690
2897.1
16.2029
371.8690
16.2029
4 3 2
1.137
7.460 1.137
7.460 0.1250
8.2
0.1250
1.50
8.2
1963
1.50
Rhodium 1963
102.9055
Rhodium 0.24
102.9055 0.24 (6)
2
28
818
32
18
15
32
2
15
2
(4) 3
2
2
(Ar)3d 4s
(Ar)3d 4s
8
8
10
10 (VIII)
(VIII)
(4) 3
(28.6)
2
61
8
218
61
823
5
18
8
23
5
2
8 5.550
0.1912 2
3
6 (5) 4
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
1 2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.1804
17.7
15.37
(4027)
17.7
(4027)
14.6538
2
28
818
16
18
1
16
1
triads
triads
3
7
7
Co
Co
2
(27.2)
Unnilseptium
4
6
(27.2)
(23.2)
Unnilpentium
(262)
Unnilpentium
(262)
14
27
27
0.662
7.860 0.662
7.860 0.1160
6.6
0.1160
1.00
6.6
1494
1.00
Cobalt
1494
58.9332 0.46
Cobalt
58.9332 0.46
(Rn)5f14 6d6 7s2
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
alkaline earth metals
* * 15 P :stoichiometry
white
1 * Approximate
of the oxide.
33 As : 613°C : Subl.817°C;
36 bar
* * 1550
P Sn: white
: white
33 As : 613°C : Subl.817°C; 36 bar
oxidation states are put in brackets; some very rare ones have
2 Uncommon
50 Sn : white
been omitted.
2 U
oxidation states are put in brackets; some very rare ones have
3 ncommon
been
omitted.
basic oxide
3
basic oxide
acid oxide
acid oxide
amphoteric
amphoteric
predominantly
basic
predominantly
amphoteric
basic
predominantly
amphoteric
acid
predominantly
amphoteric
acid
4 Theamphoteric
absence of coloured strips means that for the corresponding stage of oxidation,
the oxide does not exist, is unstable or that the acid-base properties are not or badly
4 Thedefined.
absence of coloured strips means that for the corresponding stage of oxidation,
the oxide does not exist, is unstable or that the acid-base properties are not or badly
Atomic number
defined.
42953 TABEL UK recto.indd 1
WW
4
Unnilquadium
(261)
Unnilquadium
(261)
(3330)
14.2351
NOTES
NOTES
1 * Approximate stoichiometry of the
oxide.
UCB_42953 TABEL A2 UK recto WT.i1 1
TaTa
2
28
815
2
15
2
1.80
0.1227
1.80
7.86
0.1227
8.9
7.86
2872.3
8.9
348.7782
2872.3
15.1981
348.7782
15.1981
Fe
Fe
2
28
818
15
18
1
15
1
9 (VIII)
(VIII)
9
(6) (5) (4) 3
0.151
7.870 0.151
7.870 0.1165
7.1
0.1165
0.804
7.1
1537
0.804
Iron (Ferrum)
1537
0.44
55.8470
Iron (Ferrum)
55.8470 0.44
Mn
Mn
0.426
0.893
0.746
0.55
4.1770.48592
0.80
5.695ins.
1.00
6.3800.307
1.30
6.840 0.426
1.60
6.880 0.893
1.60
7.099 0.746
1.80
7.280 0.55
0.2160
0.1920
0.1620
0.1450
0.1340
0.2287 5.695
0.1836
0.1693
0.1593
0.1589
0.1520
4.177
0.80
1.00
6.380
1.30
6.840
1.60
6.880
1.60
7.099 0.1290
1.80
7.280
55.9
33.7
16.2
14.3
10.8
9.4
8.5
1.532
4.4689
6.49
8.57
10.2
0.2160
0.1920
0.1620
0.1450
0.1340
0.1290
0.2287
0.18362.6
0.1693
0.1593
0.1589
0.1520
0.582
0.354
0.172
0.226
0.537
1.38
0.506
11.0
15.2
5.0
55.9
33.7
16.2
14.3
10.8
9.4
8.5
1.532
2.620
4.468955
6.4940
8.57
10.2
39.0
769
1530
1852
2477
2610
2250
1381
3304
4504
4863
4646
0.582
0.354
0.172
0.226
0.537
1.38
0.506
11.0694
20
55
40
15.2
5.0
75.4825
136.4186
363.1578
588.2298
687.4282
287.6880
Rubidium
Strontium
Yttrium 1530
Zirconium1852
Niobium 2477
Molybdenum
Technetium
39.0
769
2610
2250
694
1381
3304
4504
4863
4646
0.36
0.30
0.14
0.28
0.27
0.25
2.1981
8.2061
11.4300
20.9340
26.9211
27.6329
85.4678
87.6200
88.9059
91.2200
92.9064
95.9400
(98)
75.4825 Strontium
136.4186 Yttrium
363.1578 Zirconium
588.2298 Niobium
687.4282 Molybdenum
587.6880 Technetium 0.14
Rubidium
0.27
0.14 7
2.1981 1 87.6200 0.30
8.2061 2 88.9059 0.14
11.43003 91.2200 0.28
20.9340
26.9211 95.9400 0.25 6 (5) (4)
27.6329
85.4678 0.36
(98)
4 (3) (2) 92.9064
5 (4) (3) (2)
(3) (2)
CsCs
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
2
21
2 8
21
8 9
9 2
2
(Ar)3d
1 4s
2
(Ar)3d 4s
CaCa
RbRb
K
L
M
N
O
P
2
(IIIb)
33(IIIb)
ins.
0.188
0.079
0.525
0.666
ins.
4.3410.50147
0.80
6.113ins.
1.00
6.5400.188
1.30
6.820 0.079
1.50
6.740 0.525
1.60
6.766 0.666
1.60
7.435 ins.
1.50
0.2025
0.1740
0.1440
0.1320
0.1220
0.2162 6.113
0.1690
0.1570
0.1477
0.1401
0.1453
0.1278
4.341
0.80
1.00
6.540
1.30
6.820
1.50
6.740
1.60
6.766 0.1170
1.60
7.435 0.1170
1.50
45.3
25.9
15.13
10.6
8.5
7.3
7.6
0.86
1.54
2.9890
4.54
5.96
7.20
7.20
0.2025
0.1740
0.1440
0.1320
0.1220
0.1170
0.1170
0.2162
0.1690
0.1570
0.1477
0.1401
0.1453
0.1278
1.025
2.01
0.158
0.219
0.307
0.939
0.0781
50.5
18.2
12.7
138
45.3
25.9
15.13
10.6
8.5
7.3
7.6
0.866.1
1.543.2
2.9890
4.54
5.96
7.20
7.20
63.7
850
1539
1660
1917
1857
1244
765.5
1487
2730
3318
3421
2682
2120
1.025
2.01
0.158
0.219
0.307
0.939
0.0781
6.1
3.2
50.5
18.2
12.7
138
76.6078 Calcium 850
154.0910
303.7222
423.5938
445.0174
338.1915
218.9034
Potassium
(Kalium) 765.5
Scandium1539
Titanium 1660
Vanadium1917
Chromium1857
Manganese
63.7
1244
1487
2730
3318
3421
2682
2120
0.75
0.65
0.56
0.52
0.49
0.45
0.48
2.3362
8.5411
16.1192
18.6313
23.0274
20.5153
14.6538
39.0983
40.0800
44.9559
47.8800
50.9415
51.9960
54.9380
154.0910 Scandium
303.7222
423.5938 Vanadium
445.0174 Chromium
338.1915 Manganese
218.9034
Potassium (Kalium) 76.6078 Calcium
Titanium
2.3362 40.0800 0.65
8.5411 44.9559 0.56
16.1192
18.6313 50.9415 0.49
23.0274 51.9960 0.45
20.5153 54.9380 0.48
14.6538
39.0983 0.75
47.8800 0.52
5 (4) 3 (2)
1
2
3
4 (3) (2)
6 (5) 4 3 (2)
7 (6) (5) 4 (3)
KK
K
L
M
N
O
2
2
20
2 8
20
8 8
2
8 2
2
2
1.1
1.1
1.2
1.2
1.3
1.3
1.4
1.4
1.5
1.5
1s 2s1.2629
2p
1s 2sins.2p
1s 2s
2p
1s 3.399
2s 2p
1s ins.
2s 2p
1.46112
ins.
8.298 0.277
2.00
11.260 1.2629
2.60
14.534 ins.
3.05
13.618 1.46112
3.50
17.422 3.399
4.00
21.564
8.298 0.0880
2.00
11.2600.0770
2.60
14.5340.0700
3.05
13.6180.0660
3.50
17.422
4.00
21.564
0.0640
0.1310
0.0776
0.0620
0.0521
0.0450
0.0396
0.0354
0.0770
0.0700 1.2506
0.0660
0.0640
0.0776
0.0620
0.0521
0.0450
0.0396
0.0354
0.0880
5.3
17.3
14.0
17.1
16.80.1310 0.9002
2.46
2.25
1.429
1.696
4.3
12
5.3
17.3
14.0
17.1
16.8
2.25
1.2506
1.429
1.696
0.9002
4.3
0.1
0.0002583
0.0002658
0.000277
0.000491
1.8x102.46
1375
0.274
12
0.1
0.0002583 -195.8
0.0002658 -183
0.000277 -188.1
0.000491 -246
1.8x10
1375
0.274
4000
-210
-218.8
-219.6
-248.6
2177
3658
4000
-210
-218.8
-219.6
-248.6
-195.8
-183
-188.1
2177
3658
713.9367 Nitrogen
2.7780 Oxygen
3.3969 Fluorine
3.2552 Neon
1.7589-246
504.3280 Carbon
Boron
713.9367 14.0067
2.7780 15.9994
3.3969 18.9984
3.2552 20.1790
1.7589
504.3280 12.0110
Boron 1.03
Carbon 0.71
Nitrogen 1.04
Oxygen 0.92
Fluorine 0.82
Neon 1.03
104.6700
0.3601
0.2219
0.2554
0.3354
22.5669
10.8100
104.6700 14.0067 1.04
0.3601 15.9994 0.92
0.2219 18.9984 0.82
0.2554 20.1790 1.03
0.3354
22.5669 12.0110 0.71
10.8100 1.03
Periodic table of the elements
2
2
(Ne)3s ins.
5.1390.54793
0.90
7.646 ins.
1.20
5.139
0.90
1.20
0.1570
0.1360
0.1713 7.646
0.1279
0.1570
0.1360
0.1713
0.1279
23.7
14.0
0.97
1.74
1.42
1.56
3.94
23.7
14.0
0.974.2
1.74
97.8
650
881.4
1105
1.42
1.56
4.2
3.94
97.0519 Magnesium650
127.1240
881.4
1105
Sodium 97.8
(Natrium)
24.3050
1.23
1.02 127.1240
2.6042Magnesium
8.9598
97.0519
22.9898
Sodium
(Natrium)
1.02
2.6042 24.3050
8.9598
22.9898 1.23
Na
Na
9
9
12
12
15
15
19
19
22
22
2 2p
2 1
1s 2s
1s 2s0.277
2p
1s 2s ins.
5.3920.6180
1.00
9.322ins.
1.50
5.392
1.00
1.50
0.1230
0.0890
0.1586 9.322
0.1040
0.1230
0.0890
0.1586
0.1040
13.1
5.0
0.534
1.85
13.1
5.02.01
0.534
1.852.8
0.848
8.55
0.848
2.01
8.55
2.8
180.6
1277
1336
2484
180.6
1277
1336
2484
146.5469 Beryllium
296.4990
Lithium
Lithium
3.0019 Beryllium
11.7230
6.9410 3.56 146.5469
9.0123 1.83 296.4990
3.0019 9.0123 1.83
11.7230
6.9410 3.56
LiLi
0.6
0.6
0.7
0.7
0.8
0.8
0.9
0.9
1.0
1.0
5
5
2
1s 22s
2
0.5
0.5
1
1
2
2
4
4
6
6
13
13 (IIIa)
(IIIa)
(IIa)
22(IIa)
2 1
2 1
K
K L
L M
M
0.1
0.1
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.4
0.5
0.5
www.ucb-group.com E-mail: [email protected]
HH
18
18(O)
(O)
∆∆ %
% ∆∆ %% ∆∆ %% ∆∆ %% ∆∆ %% ∆∆ %% ∆∆ %%
The next generation biopharma leader
1
0.75421
0.75421
13.598
2.20
13.598
2.20
0.0371
0.0537
0.0371
0.0537
14.1
0.0899
14.1
0.001805 0.0899
0.001805
-259.2
-259.14
-252,9
0.4501
Hydrogen-259.2
0.4501
Hydrogen
14.28
0.0586
1.0079
14.28
0.0586
1.0079
22
44
1
11
1
K
K L
L
33
1
lanthanides
lanthanides
K
actinides
actinides
K
1 -1
-1
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
(Rn)5f 6d 7s
0.1581
(0.1)
3
77
Lawrencium (0.1)
(260)
Lawrencium
(260)
238
4.46 x 109 y α
92U
E.C.,ß–
1.2 x 105 y
93Np236
238
2.14
x 10
93Np
y 9 yα α
4.46
x 610
92U237
239 236
2.35
93Np
1.2dx 105 y ß– E.C.,ß–
93Np
238 237
6
87.73
94Pu
2.14y x 10
93Np
yα α
239 239
2.411
94Pu
2.35x d104 y α ß–
93Np
240 238
α α
6537
y y
94Pu
87.73
94Pu
242 239
3.76
x 10x5 y104 αy α
94Pu
2.411
94Pu
244 240
8.26537
x 107y y α α
94Pu
94Pu
241242
432.2
y x 105 yα α
95Am
3.76
94Pu
243244
3 7
7.37
95Am
yy α α
8.2x x10
10
94Pu
242 241
α α
462.8
d y
96Cm
432.2
95Am
244 243
18.11
96Cm
7.37y x 7103 yα α
95Am
247 242
1.56
x 10d y α α
96Cm
462.8
96Cm
247 244
3
1.418.11
x 10 yy α α
97Bk
96Cm
249 247
351
y x 107 yα α
98Cf
1.56
96Cm
251 247
2
8.91.4
x 10
98Cf
x 10y 3 y α α
97Bk
242 249
α,E.C.
1.29
yy
99Es
α
351
98Cf
293 251
20.47
d
99Es
8.9
x 102 y α α
98Cf
294 242
α α,E.C.
275
d
99Es
1.29 y
99Es255
293
α
20.1
h
100Fm
α
20.47 d
99Es257
294
α α
100.5
100Fm
275dd
99Es258
255 56 d
α α
101Md
20.1 h
100Fm
259 257
α,E.C.
58100.5
m
102No
α
d
100Fm
260
258 3 m
α α
103Lr
56 d
101Md
261
259 65 s
α α,E.C.
104Unq
58 m
102No
262
260 34 s
S.F.α
105Unp
3m
103Lr263
S.F.α
106Unh
104Unq2610.865s s
S.F.
105Unp262 34 s
S.F.
106Unh263 0.8 s
8/22/07 11:01:03 A
28/11/07 12:21:38
DISSOCIATION CONSTANTS OF ACIDS IN
WATER AT 25°C
Acid
Base
pKa
HI
HBr
HCIO4
HCI
H2SeO4
H2SO4
HMnO4
+
H3O
HNO3
H2CrO4
HCIO3
CF3COOH
CCI3COOH
HIO3
H4P2O7
H3PO2
H2C2O4
CHCI2COOH
H2SO3
H3PO3
HCIO2
HSO4H3PO4
H3AsO4
CH2CICOOH
H2Te +++
[Fe(H2O)6]
HF
HNO2
HCOOH
HCNO
H2Se
C6H5COOH
HC2O4-+
C6H5NH 3
HN3
CH3COOH
CH3CH2COOH
+
(CH2)6N4H
+++
[AI(H2O)6]
+
C5H5NH
+
NH3OH
H PO -
IBrCIO4CI-
-11
-9
-8
-7
-3
-3
-2.3
-1.74
-1.64
-1
-1
0.23
0.7
0.8
0.85
1.1
1.2
1.25
1.8
1.8
2
2
2.1
2.2
2.9
3
3.1
3.2
3.4
3.8
3.9
4
4.2
4.3
4.6
4.7
4.75
4.9
5
5
5.2
6
6.2
6.4
6.5
6.6
7
7
7.2
7.2
7.3
8.7
9.2
9.2
9.3
9.6
9.6
9.9
10
10
10.4
10.7
11.5
11.6
11.9
12.7
13
14.5
15.5
15.7
15.9
25
27
29
35
2
3
H2CO3
HCrO4H2P2O7-H AsO 2
4
H2S
H2PO4HSO3HCIO
HBrO
H3BO3
+
NH4
HCN
H3AsO3
HP2O7--H2SiO3
HIO
C6H5OH
HCO3- +
CH3NH3
HAsO4-H2O2
HPO4-++
Ca
HSCH3COH
CH3OH
H2O
CH3CH2OH
HO2PH3
OHNH3
HSeO4HSO4MnO 4
H2O
NO3HCrO4CIO3CF3COOCCI3COOIO3H3P2O7H2PO2HC2O4CHCI2COOHSO3H2PO3CIO2SO4-H2PO4H2AsO4CH2CICOOHTe++
[Fe(H2O)5OH]
F
NO2HCOOCNOHSeC6H5COOC2O4-C6H5NH2
N3CH3COOCH3CH2COO(CH2)6N4 ++
[AI(H2O)5OH]
C5H5N
NH2OH
HPO3-HCO3CrO4-HP2O7--HAsO4-HSHPO4-SO3-CIOBrOH BO 2
3
NH3
CNH2AsO3P2O7---HSiO3IOC6H5OCO3-CH3NH2
AsO4--HO2PO4--+
CaOH
S-CH3COCH3OOHCH3CH2OO2-PH2O-NH2-
pH calculations
strong acid :pH = -log CA
strong base :pH = 14 + log CB
1
weak acid : pH =
(pKa - log CA)
2
1
1
weak base : pH = 7+ pKa + log CB
2
2
C
buffer:
pH = pKa + log B
CA
Salts of
{
strong acid and strong base
weak acid and strong base
strong acid and weak base
weak acid and weak base
pH = 7
1
1
pKA + log CS
2
2
1
1
pH = 7 - pKB log CS
2
2
1
1
pH = 7 + pKA pKB
2
2
pH = 7 +
NOT FOR SALE© UCB /Citm X-2006 - all rights reserved
42953 TABEL UK verso.indd 1
++
ELECTROCHEMICAL SERIES
Eo= standard reduction potential (volt)
T= 25°C
P = 1 atm.
Metals and derivatives
•
Halogen and derivatives
•
Chalcogens
•
Others
+
–
•Li + e
Li
+
–
•K + e
K
+
–
•Rb + e
Rb
+
–
•Cs + e
Cs
++
–
•Ba + 2e
Ba
++
–
•Sr + 2e
Sr
++
–
•Ca + 2e
Ca
+
–
•Na + e
Na
++
–
•Mg + 2e
Mg
–
H2PO2– + e–
P + 2 OH ++
–
•Be + 2e
Be
+++
–
•AI + 3e
AI
–
=
–
HPO3 + 2 H2O + 2e–
H2PO2 + 3 OH ++
–
•V + 2e
V
++
–
•Mn + 2e
Mn
–
N2 + 4 H2O + 4e–
N2H4 + 4 OH –
–
=
=
PO4 + 2 H2O + 2e
HPO3 + 3OH –
++
•Zn(NH3)4 + 2e
Zn + 4 NH3
–
=
•Se + 2e
Se ++
–
•Cr + 2e
Cr
–
–
=
=
•SO4 + H2O + 2e
SO3 + 2OH –
P + 3 H2O + 3e–
PH3 + 3 OH
–
–
•2H2O +2e
H2 + 2 OH –
•Zn + 2e
Zn
+++
–
•Cr + 3e
Cr
–
–
=
•S2O3 + 3H2O + 4e
2 S + 6 OH –
–
=
•SO3 + 3H2O + 4e
S + 6 OH –
=
–
=
•SO3 + 3H2O + 6e
S + 6 OH –
–
=
=
•2 SO3 + 3H2O + 4e
S2O3 + 6 OH +++
–
•Ga + 3e
Ga
–
++
•Ni(NH3)6 + 2e
Ni + 6 NH3
–
=
•S + 2e
S H3PO2 + H+ + e–
P + 2 H2O
H3PO3 + 3 H+ + 3e–
P + 3 H2O
+
–
H3PO3 + 2 H + 2e
H3PO2 + H2O
2 CO2 + 2 H+ + 2e–
(COOH)2
++
–
•Fe + 2e
Fe
–
NO2– + H2O + e–
NO + 2 OH –
–
–
•Ag(CN)2 + e
Ag + 2 CN –
++
•Co(NH3)6 + 2e
Co + 6 NH3
+++
–
++
•Cr + e
Cr ++
–
•Cd + 2e
Cd
H3PO4 + 5 H+ + 5e–
P + 4 H2O
–
–
1/2 N2 + 3e
NH3 + 3 OH Eo
– 3.05
– 2.93
– 2.92
– 2.92
– 2.91
– 2.89
– 2.87
– 2.71
– 2.37
– 2.05
– 1.85
– 1.66
– 1.57
– 1.18
– 1.18
– 1.16
– 1.12
– 1.03
– 0.92
– 0.91
– 0.90
– 0.89
– 0.83
–
=
•PbSO4 + 2e
Pb + SO4 ++
–
•Co + 2e
Co
+
–
H3PO4 + 2 H + 2e
H3PO3 + H2O
++
–
•Ni + 2e
Ni
+++
–
++
•V + e
V +
N2 + 5 H+ + 4e–
N2H5 ++
–
•Sn + 2e
Sn
–
NO3– + 2 H2O + 3e–
NO + 4 OH –
–
•AgCN + e
Ag + CN ++
–
•Pb + 2e
Pb
–
NO3– + 6 H2O + 8e–
NH3 + 9 OH +++
–
•Fe + 3e
Fe
+
–
•2 H + 2e
H2
–
–
NO2–+ H2O + 2e–
0.0
NO2 + 2 OH –
=
=
•S4O6 + 2e
+ 0.1
2 S2O3 –
N2H4 + 2 H2O + 2e–
+ 0.1
NH3 + 2 OH +
–
•S + 2H + 2e
+ 0.14
H2S
++++
–
++
•Sn
+ 2e
Sn + 0.15
++
–
+
•Cu + e
Cu + 0.15
–
–
–
–
•CIO4 + H2O + 2e
CIO3 + 2 OH + 0.17
+
–
=
•SO4 + 4H + 2e
H2SO3 + H2O+ 0.17
–
–
• AgCI + e
Ag + CI + 0.22
++
–
•Ge + 2e
Ge
+ 0.23
–
–
+ 0.27
•Hg2CI2 + 2e
2 Hg + 2 CI
+
–
+
1/2 N2 + 4 H + 3e
NH4 + 0.27
–
–
–
–
•CIO3 + H2O + 2e
CIO2 + 2 OH + 0.33
+
–
+++
++
+ 0.34
•VO2 + 2H + e
V + H2O
++
–
•Cu + 2e
Cu
+ 0.34
–
–
–
•CIO + H2O + e
1/2 CI2 + 2 OH + 0.42
–
–
•O2 + 2 H2O + 4e
4 OH + 0.40
+
–
=
•2 H2SO3 + 2 H + 4e
S2O3 + 3 H2O+ 0.40
+
–
•H2SO3 + 4 H + 4e
+ 0.45
S + 3 H2O
–
–
–
•CIO3 + 2 H2O + 4e
CIO + 4 OH–+ 0.43
+
–
=
•S2O3 + 6 H + 4e
+ 0.50
2 S + 3 H2O
+
–
=
•4 HSO3 + 4 H + 6e
+ 0.51
S4O6 + 6 H2O
+
–
•Cu + e
Cu
+ 0.52
–
–
•I2 + 2e
2 I + 0.54
++
–
–
•Cu + CI + e
CuCI
+ 0.54
H3AsO4 + 2 H+ + 2e–
+ 0.56
HAsO2 + 2 H2O
–
–
=
•MnO4 + e
MnO4 + 0.58
++
–
–
•Cu + Br + e
CuBr
+ 0.64
–
–
–
–
•CIO2 + H2O + 2e
CIO + 2 OH + 0.66
+
–
•O2 + 2H + 2e
H2O2+ 0.68
+
–
C6H4O2 + 2 H + 2e
+ 0.70
C6H4(OH)2
–
–
=
•PtCI4 + 2e
Pt + 4 CI + 0.73
+++
–
++
•Fe + e
Fe + 0.77
–
++
•Hg2 + 2e
2 Hg
+ 0.79
– 0.76
– 0.74
– 0.74
– 0.66
– 0.61
– 0.58
– 0.56
– 0.51
– 0.51
– 0.51
– 0.50
– 0.50
– 0.49
– 0.47
– 0.46
– 0.45
– 0.43
– 0.41
– 0.40
– 0.40
– 0.40
– 0.36
– 0.28
– 0.28
– 0.27
– 0.26
– 0.23
– 0.14
– 0.14
– 0.14
– 0.13
– 0.12
– 0.04
0.0
+
–
•Ag + e
Ag
++
–
Hg
•Hg + 2e
+
–7
–
2 H2O
•O2 + 4H (10 ) + 4e
++
–
–
•Cu + I + e
Cul
–
–
–
–
CI + 2 OH • CIO + H2O + 2e
2 NO3– + 4 H+ + 2e–
N2O4 + 2 H2O
++
–
++
•2 Hg + 2e
Hg2 NO3– + 3 H+ + 2e–
HNO2 + H2O
NO3– + 4 H+ + 3e–
NO + 2 H2O
HNO2 + H+ + e–
NO + H2O
–
–
•Br2 + 2e
2 Br +
–
–
–
CIO3 + H2O
• CIO4 + 2 H + 2e
++
–
•Pt +2e
Pt
+
–
–
HCIO2 + H2O
• CIO3 + 3 H + 2e
+
–
++
• MnO2 + 4 H + 2e
Mn + 2 H2O
+++
–
++
•Co + e
Co
+
N2H3+ + 3 H+ + 2e–
2 NH4 +
–
+++
=
2 Cr + 7 H2O
•Cr2O7 + 14 H + 6e
–
–
•CI2gaz + 2e
2 CI –
–
2 CI •CI2aq + 2e
+
–
++
Pb + 2 H2O
•PbO2 + 4 H + 2e
+
–
–
–
•BrO3 + 6 H + 6e
Br + 3 H2O
+
–
–
• CIO3 + 6 H + 5e
1/2 CI2 + 3 H2O
+
–
++
–
• MnO4 + 8 H + 5e
Mn + 4 H2O
+ 0.80
+ 0.854
+ 0.82
+ 0.86
+ 0.89
+ 0.90
+ 0.91
+ 0.94
+ 0.96
+ 1.0
+ 1.06
+ 1.19
+ 1.2
+ 1.21
+ 1.23
+ 1.30
+ 1.30
+ 1.36
+ 1.36
+ 1.40
+ 1.46
+ 1.44
+ 1.47
+ 1.51
+ 1.63
+ 1.63
+ 1.64
+ 1.69
+ 1.70
+ 1.74
+ 1.77
+ 2.01
+ 2.07
+ 2.87
+
–
• HCIO2 + 3 H + 3e
1/2 CI2 + 2 H2O
+
–
• HCIO + H + e
1/2 CI2gaz + H2O
+
–
• HCIO2 + 2 H + 2e
HCIO + H2O
+
–
=
• PbO2 + SO4 + 4 H + 2e
PbSO4 + 2 H2O
+
–
–
• MnO4 + 4 H + 3e
MnO2 + 2 H2O
++++
–
+++
•Ce
+e
Ce +
–
2 H2O
•H2O2 + 2 H + 2e
–
=
=
• S2O8 + 2e
2 SO4 +
–
O2 + H2O
• O3 + 2 H + 2e
–
–
• F2 + 2e
2 F SOLUBILITY PRODUCTS AT 25°C
ANION
CATION
+
Ag
+++
A1
++
Ba
++
Be
+++
Bi
++
Ca
++
Cd
++
Co
+
Cu
++
Cu
++
Fe
+++
Fe
+
Hg
++
Hg
+
Li
++
Mg
++
Mn
++
Ni
++
Pb
++
Sn
++
Sr
++
Zn
–
––
OH
–
S
–
F
–
CI
-50
I
-10
6.69 x 10
1.77 x 10
-4
2.55 x 10 (1)
-18
3 x 10
–
––
Br
-17
8.51 x 10
––
CO3
-13
5.35 x 10
PO4
-12
1.20 x 10
-9
1.07 x 10
-9
7.10 x 10
8.45 x 10
-7
2.58 x 10
-10
4.96 x 10
-12
6.18 x 10
1.84 x 10
–––
SO4
-5
CrO4
-17
––
–
-12
8.88 x 10
-21
9.83 x 10
–
SCN
-17
1.12 x 10
-10
–
CN
5.97 x 10
CH3COO
-12
-3
1.03 x 10
1.94 x 10
––
–
C2O4
–
BrO3
-12
5.40 x 10
IO3
-5
5.34 x 10
-10
-8
3.17 x 10
-9
1.17 x 10
4.01 x 10
-99
1.82 x 10
-6
4.68 x 10
-15
5.27 x 10
-15
1.09 x 10
-17
4.87 x 10
-39
2.64 x 10
1.46 x 10
-3
6.44 x 10
-29
1.40 x 10
-19
1.40 x 10
-48
2.26 x 10
-36
1.27 x 10
-19
1.59 x 10
-7
1.72 x 10
-9
-6
2.34 x 10 (3)
-8
1.42 x 10 (2)
-9
6.47 x 10
-8
2.49 x 10
-2
1.21 x 10 (4)
-13
6.27 x 10
1.77 x 10
-10
1.39 x 10
-6
-8
4.43 x 10
6.94 x 10
(5)
-11
2.36 x 10
3.07 x 10
-29
9.92 x 10
3.10 x 10
3.13 x 10
-33
2.07 x 10
-33
2,53 x 10
-35
2.05 x 10
-37
-6
-26
-12
1.27 x 10
-5
-18
1.45 x 10
-53
6.44 x 10
-29
5.33 x 10
-29
2.82 x 10
-23
-17
6.41 x 10
3.67 x 10
7.60 x 10
8.15 x 10
-6
6.82 x 10
-11
2.24 x 10
-7
1.42 x 10
-13
1.46 x 10
(6)
-7
-20
7.99 x 10
-13
3.12 x 10
1.75 x 10
-4
-12
-11
5.61 x 10
-13
2.06 x 10
-16
7.47 x 10
-20
1.42 x 10
-27
5.45 x 10
7.42 x 10
4.65 x 10
-21
1.07 x 10
-29
9.04 x 10
-28
3.25 x 10
-17
-25
-14
-7
7.12 x 10
-5
1.17 x 10
-9
8.49 x 10
-6
-9
7.71 x 10
(1) Ba(OH)2.8H2O
2.93 x 10
(2) Cd C2O4.3H2O
-10
4.33 x 10
-2
3.04 x 10
5.60 x 10
-10
1.19 x 10
(3) Ca C2O4.H2O
(4) Co(IO3)2.2H2O
(5) Cu(IO3)2.H2O
c
k
NA
Vm
R
F
h
σ
ao
G
Eo
No
re
R
= 2.997925
= 1.38054
= 6.02252
= 2.24136
= 8.3143
= 9.64870
= 6.6256
= 5.6697
= 5.29167
= 6.6720
= 8.8542
= 4 π
-6
4.83 x 10 (7)
-4
1.70 x 10 (8)
8
4.73 x 10
-8
-5
1.82 x 10
10 m s
-23
-1
10 J K
23
-1
10 mol
-2
3
-1
10 m mol
-1
-1
J mol K
-1
104C mol
-34
10 J s
-8
-2
-4
10 W m K
-11
10 m
-11
2
-2
10 Nm kg
-12
-1
10 F m
-7
-1
10 H m
-15
= 2.817938 10 m
= 2.179914 10-18 J
-7
-9
1.37 x 10
e
Rest mass
Relative
atomic mass
Radius
(kg)
12
C = 12
(m)
Spin quantum number
Charge
(C)
Magnetic moment
(JT-1)
8.51 x 10
-7
Electron
Symbol
-10
2.11 x 10
3.44 x 10
(6) Fe PO4.2H2O
-1
-7
4.37 x 10
-5
4.71 x 10
-13
3.68 x 10
-32
(7) Mg C2O4.2H2O
(8) Mn C2O4.2H2O
Neutron
n
9.1095
-31
x 10
5.4858
-4
x 10
< 1 x 10
-16
Proton
p
1.6749
-27
x 10
1.00
-16
8 x 10
-27
x 10
Neutrino Photon
˜
0
1.00727
˜0
-6
˜0
8 x 10
1/2
1/2
1/2
-1.60219
-19
10
0
9.2848
-24
x 10
-9.6592
-27
x 10
(9)
BOND ENERGY VALUES (kJ/mol)
ν
1.6726
1.14 x 10
-6
4.29 x 10
(9) Zn C2O4.2H2O
PROPERTIES OF SOME SUBATOMIC PARTICLES
PHYSICAL CONSTANTS
Speed of light
Boltzmann constant
Avogadro constant
Molar volume, ideal gas
Gas constant
Faraday constant
Planck constant
Stefan-Boltzmann constant
Bohr radius
Gravitational constant
Permittivity of vacuum
Permeability of vacuum
Classical electron radius
Rydberg constant
-25
9.86 x 10
γ
˜
0
˜0
1/2
1
1.60219
-19
x 10
0
0
1.41061
-26
x 10
0
0
H
C
N
O
S
F
CI
Br
I
C = C
– C
C=
N = N
– N
N=
H
432
411
386
459
363
565
428
362
295
C
346
305
358
272
485
327
285
213
602
835
418
942
N
SINGLE BONDS
O
S
F
CI
Br
I
167
201 142
—
—
226
283 190 284 155
313 218 255 249 240
—
201 217 249 216 190
—
201
—
278 208 175 149
MULTIPLE BONDS
C = N
615
C = O
799
– N
– O
C=
887
C=
1072
N = O
607
S=O (in SO2)
532
O2
494
S=O (in SO3)
469
Units of radioactive decay rate : 1 Ci = 3.7 1010 Bq
28/11/07 12:23:12