Vectoring Technology White Paper
Issue
2.0
Date
2015-06-08
HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO., LTD.
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About This Document
About This Document
Overview
Ever since its birth in the 1990s, the rapid development of copper access technologies has
enabled digital subscriber line (DSL) to be a ubiquitous solution and become today's most
widely used and most successful fixed broadband access technology. To date, approximately
300 million DSL lines have been deployed worldwide. Meanwhile, DSL technologies have
been breaking new grounds and maturing. Services supported have diversified from the initial
pure data transmission to nowadays' Multi-Play services, including high-speed Internet access,
IPTV, VoIP, private line access, mobile backhaul, and remote power supply.
As the bandwidth requirements of the "last mile" access are booming, the "reach vs. rate"
contradiction of DSL is increasingly intensified. New services such as IPTV and mobile
backhaul are also putting higher demands on stability and reliability of DSL. Crosstalk
between twisted pairs has become the main factor that affects the rate, stability, and reliability
of the DSL line. To cope with crosstalk, the Vectoring technology comes into being. This
technology uses various methods such as crosstalk detection, compensation, and cancellation
to achieve the best DSL performance in the "crosstalk-free" environment. Moreover, this
technology fully explores potentials for copper access and meets carriers' requirements for
smooth evolution, low costs, fast time-to-market, and is manageable and controllable O&M.
This document describes the Vectoring technology, including its origin, technology principle
and standard, product implementation, application and deployment scenarios, and evolution
trend. This document also describes Huawei's contribution in the Vectoring field and
end-to-end Vectoring products and solutions.
Change History
Date
Revision Version
Description
Author
2012-03-12
1.0
Initial official release.
Li Xiaodong (ID: 162659)
Huang Lei (ID: 129620)
2015-06-08
2.0
Change description of Vectoring
across multiple equipments
Zhu Hong (ID:234131)
.
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Contents
Contents
About This Document ............................................................................................................... ii
1 Origin ......................................................................................................................................... 1
2 Vectoring Productization ........................................................................................................ 6
3 Application and Deployment ............................................................................................... 10
4 Huawei E2E Vectoring Solution ........................................................................................... 14
5 Faster and More Powerful Copper Access .......................................................................... 16
6 Summary ................................................................................................................................. 17
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1 Origin
1
Origin
1.1 Origin
Currently, requirements for smooth evolution, low costs, fast time-to-market, and easy O&M
have become the main targets for broadband access network construction. Based on these
requirements, "Fiber-in copper-out" is blossoming in the access network. Fiber moves closer
to end users and copper plants are shorten, and FTTx network is widely introduced and
developed, including FTTC, FTTB, FTTD and FTTH. In the access network, VDSL2 is the
main access mode to face the "last mile" challenge because of its high bandwidth (ideally, 100
Mbit/s) over a short distance. However, VDSL2 requires high frequency which introduces
crosstalk between copper lines. Compared with single-pair crosstalk-free VDSL2 access, the
bandwidth on multi-pair bundle’s VDSL2 access decreases sharply as more pairs are used,
because of the increasing impact of crosstalk. The larger the number of copper lines in a
bundle of cable, the higher crosstalk is generated. Therefore, crosstalk is the main factor that
impairs the VDSL2 performance.
DSL crosstalk is divided into near-end crosstalk (NEXT) and far-end crosstalk (FEXT), as
shown in Figure 1-1. In NEXT, Tx signals are sent from the disturber pair, coupled to the
victim pair, and then are sent to the near-end Rx end of the victim pair. In FEXT, Tx signals
are sent from the disturber pair, coupled to the victim pair, and then are sent along the victim
pair, to the far-end Rx end of the victim pair. For DSL, NEXT is interference between
upstream signals and downstream signals of different pairs; FEXT is interference between
upstream signals of different pairs or between downstream signals of different pairs.
Figure 1-1 NEXT and FEXT
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The VDSL2 system uses frequency division multiplexing (FDM), Tx signals of the disturber
pair and Rx signals of the victim pair use different frequencies. Therefore, the impact of
NEXT on the VDSL2 access can be eliminated or significantly decreased by using a filter.
However, FEXT signals of the disturber pair cannot be eliminated through the filter because
they have the same frequency as the normal Rx signals of the victim pair. In addition, VDSL2
requires short transmission distance (usually within one kilometer) and high frequency (30
MHz at highest). As a result, FEXT in VDSL2 is more serious than other traditional DSL
technologies and becomes the main factor that affects its performance. FEXT leads to
signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decrease, which reduces the line data rate or increases the bit error
rate (BER), or potentially resynchronization, severely affecting system stability and customer
experience.
To cope with FEXT, the dynamic spectrum management (DSM) technology has been widely
used to adjust Tx signals of DSL lines in the same bundle to balance the DSL performance
and stability. There are four levels from level 0 to level 3 in the development of the spectrum
management technology as shown in Figure 1-2. Level 0–level 2 partially decrease FEXT and
optimize DSL performance and stability by managing spectrum of Tx signals of single-pair
DSL lines or multi-pair DSL lines. However, FEXT cannot be canceled completely.
Figure 1-2 Development of the spectrum management technology
To fully cancel FEXT from VDSL2, ITU-T formulates the Vectoring technology standard,
a.k.a. DSM level 3. Vectoring technology cancels most of VDSL2’s mutual FEXT, thus
improving VDSL2 performance obviously.
1.2 Technology Principle and Standard
The principle of vectoring technology is depicted in Figure 1-3. According to communications
principles, Rx signal Yn is the product of Tx signal Xn and Channel transmission function Hnn.
For simplicity, this document uses the upstream direction (from the CPE to CO) of two DSL
lines as an example for analysis. As shown in the following figure, in ideal transmission
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without crosstalk, Y n = Hnn*Xn. With FEXT, distortion h12*x2 is added to y1 and distortion
h21*x1 is added to y2.
In the upstream direction (the CO end), the Vectoring system uses the FEXT decoder to
extract the FEXT information, and then removes the FEXT information from the original Rx
signals to get the nearly crosstalk-free performance. In the downstream direction, the CPE
feeds back the FEXT information to the CO in the way negotiated between the CPE and the
CO, and then the CO uses the FEXT pre-coder to pre-code the FEXT information to the
normal Tx signals. After that, the pre-coded signals and the FEXT information are canceled in
transmission and the Rx end receives the correct information almost without crosstalk.
Figure 1-3 Vectoring technology principles
To accelerate the application of Vectoring, ITU-T formulated the G.993.5 standard in 2010
and amended the existing standards including G.993.2, G.994.1, and G.997.1. The Broadband
Forum (BBF, formally known as DSL Forum) focuses on Vectoring's performance, test,
interoperability, and O&M. Moreover, China and North America may also formulate
proprietary Vectoring standards or specifications.
Table 1-1 describes the International standards and specifications about Vectoring.
Table 1-1 International standards and specifications about Vectoring
Standard
Organization
Standard
ID
Standard Description
First
Release
Vectoring
Amendment
G.993.5
(G.vector)
Self-FEXT cancellation
(Vectoring) for use with
VDSL2 transceivers
2010
Amd 1
G.993.2
(G.vdsl)
Second-generation VDSL
transceivers
2006
Amd 5, Amd 6
ITU-T
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G.994.1
(G.hs)
Handshake procedures for
DSL transceivers
1999
Amd 5, Amd 8
G.997.1
(G.ploam)
Physical
management
transceivers
1999
Amd 1, Amd 3,
Amd 4
WT-249
Testing
of
G.993.5
self-FEXT cancellation
(Vectoring) for use with
VDSL2 Transceivers
2011
-
TR-252
issue 2
xDSL
protocol-independent
management model
-
-
BBF
for
layer
DSL
1.3 Prospects
Theoretically, Vectoring can fully cancel FEXT impacts on the VDSL2 performance, and
achieve higher data rate over the same distance, or larger coverage with the same data rate.
The curves shown in figure 1-4 represent the "reach vs. rate" performance of VDSL2 (17a
profile, B8-11 PSD mask, line diameter 0.4 mm) in the downstream direction as an example.
From the figure, it can be seen that the VDSL2 performance in the crosstalk-free environment
is 50–90% higher than which in the FEXT environment without Vectoring. The result shown
in Figure 1-4 also indicates that the denser the lines and the higher the number provisioning
rate, the stronger the FEXT. Therefore, vectoring technology plays an important role in the
improvement of VDSL2 performance. The VDSL2 performance in the upstream direction is
similar to that in the downstream direction.
Figure 1-4 Performance comparison for VDSL2 with and without Vectoring
Vectoring, as a new generation technology for improving the performance, is compatible with
the other DSL technologies, including retransmission (G.inp), bonding, network time
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reference (NTR), seamless rate adaption (SRA), and bit swap (BS), etc. With all these
technologies, Vectoring can be flexibly used in various scenarios, such as residential user
access, commercial user access, mobile backhaul, and remote access site backhaul.
Figure 1-5 Vectoring application scenarios
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2.1 Challenges
The Vectoring system jointly processes signals of all VDSL2 pairs in a Vectoring group
(jointly sending signals in the downstream direction and jointly receiving signals in the
upstream direction) to cancel self-FEXT and improve performance.
Compared with the VDSL2 system reference model, the Vectoring system adds the vectoring
control entity (VCE) and the interface between the VTU-Os and the ME (Management Entity),
as shown in red in Figure 2-1. Inside the AN, the ME further conveys the management
information for a particular line (over an interface here called ε-m) to the vectoring control
entities (VCEs) of the Vectoring group that line belongs to. Each VCE controls a single
vectored group, and controls VTU-O-n (connected to line n in the vectored group) over an
interface here called ε-c-n. Pre-coder data are exchanged between VTU-O-n1 and VTU-O-n2
over an interface here called ε-n1-n2. Figure 2-1 shows the first pair in the Vectoring group.
Figure 2-1 Reference model of the Vectoring system [ITU-T G.993.5]
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The main challenge for Vectoring productization is how to transmit and process the mass data
with high reliability and easy O&M. Specifically, the main challenge is the ε-n1-n2 interface.
A pair in the N-pairs Vectoring group exchanges the pre-coded data with another N - 1 pair.
When the Vectoring system capacity increases, huge amounts data need to be exchanged.
Here, the 48-port Vectoring line card is used as an example. The bandwidth for transmitting
the pre-coded data will be 20-30 Gbit/s. If an AN contains multiple Vectoring line cards, the
bandwidth will be hundreds of Gbit/s, which is close to or beyond the data transmission
volume of an optical access equipment.
The mass amount of data for Vectoring will also cause big problem for Vectoring across
multiple equipments. There is no standard for the ε-n1-n2 interface as mentioned above.
Different chipset vendor or equipment vendor can have different interface and protocol
between line card and VP card. Another issue is for Vectoring across multiple equipments, it
needs a centralized Vectoring Engine shelf to collect all the line data in different equipment.
Again there is no standard for the interface between Vectoring Engine shelf and equipment
shelf. Another issue is such interface itself requires very high speed and same short latency
between different equipment. Currently Huawei can support Vectoring across two equipments
using a 5-meter short cable or 30-meter fiber to support a very high speed interface with
Huawei internal protocol. This makes it possible for two operators to deploy Vectoring using
the same equipment from Huawei. It’s difficult for equipment from different vendor due to the
different interface and protocol. For more than two equipments, the main challenge is on the
high capacity Vectoring master shelf. It’s still technically quite challenge to get the powerful
chipset to handle multiple high speed interfaces and do the centralized Vectoring processing.
Another issue is on the political and regulation side, for real deployment, which operator
should own and pay for the Vectoring master shelf and how to guarantee the fair process
between master shelf and different access shelf.
2.2 Consideration
Similar to the Vectoring system reference model, the Vectoring product need integrate
Vectoring process (VP) parts and related interfaces based on the current DSLAM product.
Different carriers' networks in different countries/areas have different site models.
Accordingly, Huawei provides different specifications and has different implementation
considerations for Vectoring productization. As shown in Figure 2-2, the small-capacity
Vectoring products normally do not use independent VP card. Instead, the VP parts are
integrated in the same card with parts such as the main control unit and DSL access unit. The
medium and large-capacity Vectoring products use independent VP card, featuring
high-efficient and more-flexible processing architecture.
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Figure 2-2 Vectoring product architecture
For medium and large-capacity Vectoring products, DSL line cards and VP card communicate
with each other in a super-high speed backplane buses or external cables. Compared with the
external cable, the backplane bus will be highly reliable for hardware connection and service
assurance, facilitates cards’ interconnection, and saves space in installation, ensuring high
reliability and easy O&M of the Vectoring system.
Furthermore, the Vectoring technology speeds up the downward DSL user network interface
(UNI). Accordingly, the "speedup" challenge arises in the bandwidth of the convergence
interface on the backplane of the DSL line card, traffic processing capability of the control
card, and convergence bandwidth of the upward network node interface (NNI). This issue also
needs to be considered in Vectoring productization.
2.3 Practice
To date, Huawei has partnered with many worldwide tier-1 carriers for Vectoring deployment,
including the node level Vectoring across two equipments. The typical Vectoring test results
are shown in Figure 2-3, which are taken with some Tier-1 carrier in Europe.
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Figure 2-3 Results for lab test and live network validation
The relevant results are:

CO-based ADSL2+ has little impact on RT-based Vectoring, which can be omitted.

ADSL2+ coexisting on CO or RT has little impact on Vectoring, which is acceptable.

VDSL2 coexisting on CO or RT has serious impacts on Vectoring. One VDSL2 alien line
significantly affects Vectoring, and more VDSL2 alien lines may lead to lower Vectoring
performance and BER increase, or potentially resynchronization.

Vectoring solves only the FEXT impacts on VDSL2 performance but cannot solve other
line issues, such as bridge tap, mixed connection, or improper connection.
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3
Application and Deployment
According to the current technology and product maturity, Huawei points out that Vectoring
application and deployment face the following TOP challenges:

Vectoring adaptation to various application scenarios

Good quality of experience (QoE) guarantee

Comprehensive support for Vectoring solutions
3.1 Vectoring Adaptation to Various Application Scenarios
Having developed for more than 10 years, traditional DSL technologies including SHDSL,
SHDSL.bis, ADSL, ADSL2+, VDSL1, and VDSL2 coexist on live networks. As a new DSL
technology, Vectoring has the challenge to coexist with these traditional DSL technologies. In
addition, requirements for bandwidth, supervision institutions, carriers, and equipment
manufacturers may affect Vectoring application and deployment. Except for "E2E 100%
Vectoring capable" scenario, Vectoring faces the following adaption scenarios’ challenges:

Scenario 1. "Fiber-in copper-out" for a single carrier: In the long-term "Fiber-in
copper-out" evolution, RT based Vectoring will coexist with CO or RT based SHDSL,
SHDSL.bis, ADSL, and ADSL2+ (excluding RT based VDSL2) in the same bundle.

Scenario 2. "Loop unbundling" for multiple carriers: Including CO based local loop
unbundling (LLU) and RT based sub loop unbundling (SLU). Some countries and areas,
require LLU or even SLU. SLU has more serious requirements than LLU and therefore
Vectoring may be affected by severe VDSL2 interference from the same site or the same
bundle, or even interference among Vectoring equipments provided by different carriers
or equipment manufactures.

Scenario 3. "Reluctant coexistence" caused by interoperability between the Vectoring CO
and legacy DSL terminals: In practical Vectoring deployment, some legacy DSL
terminals may not support Vectoring. These alien lines will become disturbers interfering
with the other Vectoring lines. If the legacy terminal synchronizes in VDSL2 mode, this
scenario is similar to scenario 2.
Huawei provides a variety of processing options to meet different scenarios at various
Vectoring deployment stages, under various regulating conditions, and for carriers across
countries and regions:

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In scenarios where Vectoring coexists with traditional DSL technologies such as SHDSL,
SHDSL.bis, ADSL, and ADSL2+, Vectoring provides techniques such as downstream
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power back-off (DPBO) and PSD shaping to eliminate the impact of those
low-frequency interference sources such as SHDSL, SHDSL.bis, ADSL, and ADSL2+.

In scenarios where Vectoring and VDSL2 coexist over the same carrier network, Huawei
provides three coexistence policies (no coexistence, limited coexistence, and full
coexistence), which can be flexibly selected or adjusted by carriers at different Vectoring
deployment stages.

In scenarios where Vectoring on different carrier networks coexists because of LLU/SLU
regulation, Huawei provides a node level Vectoring solution across two equipments. This
solution enables coordination between Vectoring equipments of different carriers, which
are all provided by Huawei, achieving general performance optimization and stable
coexistence. However, the cross-equipment Vectoring solution between different
equipment vendors still faces interoperability challenges including architecture, protocol,
software, and hardware design and implementation. In the foreseeable short- and
mid-term, this solution cannot be realistic and practical.
For the last scenario mentioned above, Huawei recommends the virtual loop unbundling
(VLU) solution. In a typical VLU solution, only one carrier is 100% responsible for bundle
resource management, Vectoring rollouts, and Vectoring O&M to maximally achieve
performance improvement brought by Vectoring technology, while other carriers wholesale
appropriate channelized bandwidth on demand. The VLU solution achieves not only optimal
Vectoring performance but also fairness among carriers, and reduced network rollout and
O&M costs, fully guaranteeing end customers' benefits.
3.2 Good QoE Guarantee
DSL QoE is mainly affected by the available bandwidth, stability, and synchronization time,
so does it for Vectoring QoE.
Many factors affect the available bandwidth of VDSL2, including self-FEXT, impulse noise,
radio frequency interference (RFI), and copper line faults. Vectoring addresses the FEXT
issue that is the most critical factor affecting VDSL2. As a result, factors hidden behind FEXT
will be exposed after Vectoring deployment. Hence, Vectoring needs to be combining
deployed with other DSL techniques such as retransmission (G.INP), seamless rate adaption
(SRA), bit swap (BS), and RFI notch, for better improving and ensuring the available
bandwidth of VDSL2.
When Vectoring is deployed, all lines in the same bundle (or in the same Vectoring group)
must coordinate with each other to process signals. If the status of a line changes
unexpectedly (for example, an unexpected disorder shutdown event occurs due to factors such
as CPE power outage, CPE failure, cable disconnection, board failure at the CO, or manual
mis-operation), the other lines in the same bundle (or in the same Vectoring group) may have
deteriorating performance (for example, increased BER or even resynchronization). This
severely affects the overall system stability.
Traditional DSL lines are activated separately, but Vectoring requires strict synchronization
and coordination for activating lines in the same bundle (or in the same Vectoring group).
Therefore, the synchronization of Vectoring lines is more time-consuming than that of
traditional DSL lines, which is more obvious in scenarios such as concurrent synchronization
of multiple lines, repeated synchronization of very few rouge lines, and synchronization in a
bundle (or a Vectoring group) that contains too many lines.
Huawei's Vectoring system provides built-in intelligent analysis and processing algorithms,
and fully leverages various DSL features to significantly expand the available bandwidth
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while controlling its reliability and synchronization time in a level comparative to traditional
DSL technologies.
3.3 Comprehensive Support for Vectoring Solution
Facing the complex application scenarios and QoE requirements, a comprehensive, mass
deployable, manageable, and controllable Vectoring solution also requires support from the
EMS, OSS, terminal management system (TMS)/auto-configuration server (ACS), DSL
expert system, and professional engineering/service.
Figure 3-1 Typical Vectoring solution and required equipment/systems
Figure 3-1 shows a typical Vectoring application scenario and required supporting
equipment/systems.
1.
Vectoring DSLAM: Series Vectoring DSLAMs of different capacities are provided for
different site scales and deployment scenarios. A Vectoring DSLAM needs to support
traditional DSL technologies (such as VDSL2+, ADSL2+, and ADSL), plug-and-play of
different types of CPEs, and smooth evolution of Vectoring.
2.
Vectoring CPE: Includes CPEs that fully support Vectoring and Vectoring-friendly CPEs.
Normally, VDSL2 CPEs deployed on live networks can become Vectoring CPEs with
software upgrades only. (Vectoring-friendly CPEs do not affect the performance of
Vectoring lines, but the performance of lines connected to Vectoring-friendly CPEs
cannot be improved.)
3.
EMS: Provides graphical Vectoring O&M, which is convenient and simplified.
4.
OSS: Supports Vectoring service provisioning and O&M processes, and plans and
controls the schedule of Vectoring service provisioning.
5.
TMS/ACS: Manages, upgrades, and maintains CPEs in a centralized manner. An ideal
environment for Vectoring deployment is where all CPEs on the entire network (or at
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least on the entire site) support Vectoring. Therefore, it is necessary to use the TMS/ACS
to upgrade VDSL2 CPEs on live networks before Vectoring deployment.
6.
DSL expert system: Monitors DSL quality, evaluates and optimizes DSL performance,
and diagnoses copper line faults at a network or site level. To support Vectoring
deployment and O&M, the DSL expert system needs to provide functions specially for
Vectoring, such as pre-evaluating Vectoring performance, coordinating coexistence of
Vectoring and other DSL lines, processing combined application of Vectoring and other
DSL features, and preventing and processing Vectoring abnormalities. Providing these
functions, the DSL expert system helps achieve Vectoring capabilities that the Vectoring
equipment or EMS cannot provide independently.
7.
Engineering/Service: Provides services such as network planning, equipment migration,
equipment upgrade, data planning, and data migration based on Vectoring
evolution/deployment scenarios and equipment models/versions on live networks.
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4 Huawei E2E Vectoring Solution
Huawei E2E Vectoring Solution
4.1 Huawei's Vectoring Contribution and Innovation
As an industry-leading vendor in the access network, Huawei has continuously been making
contributions to the DSL industry. Huawei holds a large number of VIP positions, such as
chairmen and editors, in international standards-defining organizations like BBF, ATIS, and
ETSI. Huawei has grown into an influential company that contributes to standards
formulation and technical development trends. Furthermore, Huawei actively participates in
DSL standardization and works with other companies to promote DSL technologies.
In the Vectoring standards field, Huawei, as one of the two most active equipment vendors, is
the editor and main contributor of ATIS COAST-NAI crosstalk channel model. Huawei has
proposed several key technique innovations in Vectoring, including the following:

SNR-based estimation of crosstalk channels for legacy lines

Channel estimation using error feedback sampled downstream

Initialization acceleration by error scaling
In product and solution fields, Huawei has already equipped itself with independent R&D
capabilities, enabling Huawei to provide customers with E2E Vectoring products and
solutions that are more advantageous in terms of technology and cost.
4.2 Huawei E2E Vectoring Solution
Huawei provides E2E Vectoring solutions covering the series Vectoring equipment at the CO,
or FTTC, FTTB, FTTD, with Vectoring CPEs, EMS, and professional supporting services.
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Figure 4-1 Huawei E2E Vectoring products and solution
Huawei's Vectoring solution has the most complete series of products in the industry. Figure
4-1 illustrates a typical example of Huawei E2E Vectoring products and solution.
The MA5603T, a large-capacity Vectoring product, provides built-in high-speed Vectoring
buses and does not require extra space in an outdoor cabinet for interconnection of Vectoring
cards. This device can be deployed to mainstream large-capability Vectoring sites.
The MA5616 is a medium-capacity Vectoring product that has the highest density in the
industry. With a compact in size of 2 U height, 19-inch width and 300 mm depth, the MA5616
provides built-in high-speed Vectoring buses and Vectoring line cards, applying to mainstream
medium-capability Vectoring sites. The MA5616 supports up to 384 Vectoring lines through
cross-equipment interconnection, meeting the requirements of super-large-capacity Vectoring
sites.
For small-capacity Vectoring sites in some remote areas or sites that have requirements for
lesser coverage, shorter distance, and higher rate, Huawei provides a variety of flexible and
customized Vectoring solutions:


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With the following features, the MA5611S can be directly installed in the manhole or
mounted on a pole or outdoor wall in harsh environments, without the need of a cabinet:
−
Fully-enclosed structure
−
IP68 water-protection rating
−
Operating temperature ranging from –40°C to +70°C
The pizza-box MA5623A and MA5622A are small-sized (1 U height, 19-inch width, and
300 mm depth), maximally saving installation space. They apply to the following
Vectoring deployment scenarios:
−
New deployment of super-small-capacity sites
−
Adaptations or re-shell of legacy outdoor cabinets or intermediate distribution frames
(IDFs)
−
Installation in basements or corridor cabinets
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5 Faster and More Powerful Copper
Access
Vectoring Technology White Paper
5
Faster and More Powerful Copper Access
Conforming to the trend of fiber-in and copper-out in the area of broadband access,
high-speed copper access at a short distance facilitates the smooth evolution of access
networks. In the near future, the access rate per twisted pair will exceed 1Gbit/s, making
copper access a supplement or substitute solution of fiber to the premise (FTTP).
Figure 5-1 Development of copper access technologies
As shown in Figure 5-1, SuperVector or VDSL2 Annex Q will expand the frequency from
17MHz to 35MHz to enable more downstream speed. This technology can be used in the sub
loop unbundling (SLU) scenario to give more users the chance to achieve 100Mbps even
without Vectoring. G.fast with higher frequency band, it’s possible to get 1Gbps aggregated
speed within short copper distance. Besides this, Huawei is also developing 5GBB technology
using much higher frequency band targeting up to 5Gbps speed over copper.
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Vectoring Technology White Paper
6 Summary
6
Summary
Ever since its birth in the 1990s, the rapid development of copper access technologies has
enabled DSL to be a ubiquitous solution and become today's most widely used and most
successful fixed broadband access technology. As the bandwidth requirements of the "last
mile" access are booming, the inherent "reach vs. rate" contradiction, stability, reliability, and
environment adaptability of DSL face ever-formidable challenges. To conform to the trend of
smooth network evolution as "fiber-in and copper-out", the Vectoring technology has been
developed. This technology uses various methods such as probe, compensation, and
cancellation to achieve the best DSL performance in the "crosstalk-free" environment.
Moreover, this technology much further exploits the potential of copper access networks and
meets carriers’ requirements for smooth evolution, low costs, fast time-to-market, and is
manageable and controllable O&M.
The innovations of copper access technologies will continue. Vectoring working together with
other technologies such as bonding, can achieve a superfast speed over legacy copper,
enabling a cost-effective and smooth evolution of fix broadband access networks.
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Vectoring Technology White Paper
A Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
Acronyms and Abbreviations
A
ACS
auto-configuration server
ADSL
asymmetric digital subscriber line
ATIS
alliance for telecommunications industry solutions
B
BBF
Broadband Forum
BBU
base-band unit
C
CAPEX
capital expenditure
CO
central office
CPE
customer premises equipment
D
DLM
dynamic line management
DSE
disorderly shutdown event
DSL
digital subscriber line
DSLAM
DSL access multiplexer
DSM
dynamic spectrum management
E
EMS
element management system
ETSI
European Telecommunications Standards Institute
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Vectoring Technology White Paper
FEXT
A Acronyms and Abbreviations
far end crosstalk
F
FTTB
fiber to the building
FTTC
fiber to the cabinet
FTTCurb
fiber to the curb
FTTEx
fiber to the exchange
FTTH
fiber to the home
FTTN
fiber to the node
FTTP
fiber to the premise
I
INP
impulse noise protection
ITU
International Telecommunication Union
L
LLU
local loop unbundling
M
MIMO
multiple-input multiple-output
N
NEXT
near end crosstalk
O
ODN
optical distribution network
OFDM
orthogonal frequency division multiplexing
OLT
optical line terminal
OPEX
operational expenditure
OSS
operating and supporting system
P
PSD
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power spectral density
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Vectoring Technology White Paper
A Acronyms and Abbreviations
Q
QoE
quality of experience
R
RFI
radio frequency interference
RT
remote terminal
S
SHDSL
single-pair high-speed DSL
SLU
sub loop unbundling
SNR
signal-to-noise ratio
SRA
seamless rate adaptation
SSM
static spectrum management
T
TCO
total cost of ownership
TMS
terminal management system
V
VDSL
very-high-speed DSL
Vectoring
Vectoring (self-FEXT cancellation for use with VDSL2 transceivers)
VLU
virtual loop unbundling
VN
virtual noise
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Vectoring Technology White Paper
B References
B
References
[1]. ITU, Self-FEXT cancellation (Vectoring) for use with VDSL2 transceivers, 2010
[2]. ITU, Very high speed digital subscriber line transceivers 2 (VDSL2), 2006
[3]. Frank Defoort, Jan Verlinden, Introduction to DSL instabilities, April, 2008
[4]. IEEE, The ITU-T's New G.vector Stand Proliferates 100 Mb/s DSL, 2010
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