Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
Index
Afonso I, King of Kongo, 84, 85, 86, 272
Afonso, King of Loango, 89
Africa, 320, 346, 348
East, 130, 132, 139
Africa, idealized and identified with Zion,
Jerusalem, Ethiopia, the Other World,
Heaven, 345, 347
African Americans, 3, 291
African “nations,” in the American
Diaspora, 154, 326
Angola, 24, 49, 50, 51, 61, 62, 160, 161,
162, 166, 168, 171, 235, 239, 240
Arará, 236, 240
Benguelas, 51, 125–26, 128, 136,
138–139
Biafara, 235, 236, 240
Bran, 236, 239, 240
Cabundá, 164, 166, 168
Carabalı́, 229, 240
Congo, 40–42, 44, 47, 56, 61, 62, 126,
130–133, 136, 138–139, 145–146,
148–149, 151, 154, 168, 170, 181,
228, 229, 230, 231, 232, 236, 237,
238, 240
Congo/Mondongo, 237
Congo/Solongo, 228, 238
Dagome, 171
Gege, 166
Goyo, 240
Hausa (Usá), 133, 137
Jeje, 126
Ketu, 166
Luango, 240
Mandinga, 228, 236
Manicongo, 231
Mayumba, 232
Mina, 236, 240, 161, 162, 168
Mondongo, 238
Mumbat/Mumbata, 231
Mumboma, 231
Mungundu, 231
Musicongo, 231
Nago, see Yoruba
Popos, 240
Rebolo, 164, 166, 168
Soso, 231
Sozongo, 231
Tapa, 126, 137
Wolof, 234, 240
Yoruba, 166
Zape, 236
African slaves, 121
Africans, 118–119, 121–130, 132–133,
136–137, 144, 148, 338
Africans, Central, 342, 346, 348
Africans, liberated, 320, 324, 325, 331,
337, 346,
Africans, liberated, Central, 341, 349, 350
Afro-Brazilians, 9, 97
Afro-Lusitanians, 98, 99, 102, 111, 113
afterlife, 74
agregados, 121, 144
agriculture, maroon, 232
Aguiar, João Dias de, n. 15, p. 127
371
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
372
Index
Aguirre, Michael Xavier de, 127
Akan, 23, 293, 345. See also Gold Coast
Alachua, 232
Alagoas, 159
albinos, 218
All Souls Day, 85
alligators, 311, 314
altars, 79
Alvares, Pedro Ferreira, 144
Amaral, Ilı́dio do, 92.
Amazon River, 124
Ambaca, (Mbaka), 47, 95, 194
Ambriz, 37, 39, 60
“Ambundu” (ethnic designation), 51, 52,
53. See also Kimbundu (language),
Mbundu
Ana, (Ana Afonso de Leão), Queen, 283
ancestors, 79–80, 82
Angola, Alonzo, 2
Angola Ame, 299, 300
Angola, Antonio, 144
Angola, Caetano, 141
Angola, Ignacio, 2
Angola, Isabel, 144
Angola, Joanna das Neves de Nação, 143
Angola, João, n. 25, 134, 139
Angola, José Soares, 141
Angola, Manoel, 134, 139, 143
Angola, Miguel, 141
Angola (Portuguese colony), 28, 45–48, 83,
91, 92, 93, 99, 101, 113, 124–126,
128, 130–36, 138–142, 144–149,
151,158, 172, 228, 225, 302; Catholic
church in, 102, Bishop of, 110
“Angolas”, see African “nations” in the
American Diaspora
Anta, 142
Antonian Movement (Kongo), 196,
208, 284
Antonil, André João, 160
“Anzicos”, see Mundongues (ethnic
identity), Teke
Apalachicola River, 232
Arakaka, North West District, Guyana, 347
Araxá, 136–138, 140
Arévalo, Manuel Garcı́a, 237
Arraias, 120, 122, 136–138, 140, 142
Asia Botte, 80
asiento, 235
Assumar, Conde de, 161, 162, 169
Atlantic Slave Trade, see Slave Trade
Ayres da Silva, Luiza (Krahô), 139
Bahelele Ndimansa, 72
Bahia, 27, 28, 31, 51, 60, 124–127,
160, 224
Bahoruco mountains, 234, 236
Baı́a das Vacas, see Benguela
Bailundu, see Mbailundu
Bakongo, see Kongo
Baltasar, King and/or Saint, 164, 168,
178, 180
Bamadona, 220–23
Bambara, 293
Bampangu, see Mpangu
Bango a Kitama, 77
Banguela, Antonio, 143
Banguela, Banguella, Bonguela, 130–133,
138
Banguela, João, 143
Banguela, Maria, 143, 146, 148
Banguella, José, 141
Banguita, 138
bankita, see nkita
Bantu languages, 38, 186
“Bantu”, in Brazil, 56, 61, 62
Baptism, baptismal rite, 123, 127, 130–134,
143–147, 350
Baptista, Joanna, n. 6, p. 121
Barbados, 61, 297, 299
Barra, Goiás, 144
Barreiras, Bahia, 127
basimbi, see simbi
Basundi, see Nsundi
Battel, Andrew, 77, 79
battles, mock, 159, 180
batuques, 100, 164, 177, 178
Beatriz (or Beatrice) Kimpa Vita, 196, 197,
270, 271, 281, 282, 284
Bel-Air, 275
Belém, Pará, 121, 124–126, 128,
135, 138
Bellgarde-Smith, Patrick, 268
Bengo River, 79, 86, 296
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
Index
Benguela, 27, 31, 48, 51, 53, 54, 60,
91, 92, 93, 95, 97, 99, 106, 113,
125–126, 128, 136, 138–139, 157,
296, 329
Benguela, Maria, 135
“Benguelas”, see African “nations” in the
American Diaspora
Benin, 23, 126
Berbice, 321, 329, 330, 337, 342
Bight of Benin, 320
Bight of Biafra, 299, 304, 320
Bihe (Bié), see Viye
bilongo, 281
birds, 309, 311, 314, 317
Birmingham, David, 240
bisimbi, see simbi
Bissau, 124–125
Black Atlantic, 7
Black (prêto), 119, 122–123; blacks of the
coast, 135
Black regiments, see Henriques
blacksmith kings, 235
Bockie, Simon, 73
Bois Caı̈man, ceremony of, 253–54
Boma (Mboma), 296, 337
Bomfin, 136–138, 140
Bonsy, 77. See also Bunzi
Botelho da Cunha, João, 127
Bourdieu, Pierre, 278
bozales, 233, 238
Brandão, Carlos Rodrigues, 149
Brası́lia, 118, 124
Brazil, 8, 10, 92, 94, 105, 113,
118, 149, 353, 361–362, 363,
364, 367–369
Northeast, 126
Brazilians, 121–122, 145
British Caribbean, see Caribbean
British Navy, 337, 340
British Vice-Admiralty Court, 323
Brooklyn, 226
brotherhood (irmandade), 8, 144, 148, 154,
157–158, 179; feast day celebrations
in, 157–158, 161; in Europe, 157,
158; of the apostles St. Philip and
St. James, 166; of Bom Jesus, 166; of
Our Lady of Belem, 168; of Our Lady
373
of Good Death, 166; of St. Efigenia
and St. Elesbão, 168.
brotherhood of Our Lady of the Rosary, in
Africa, 158; in Bahia, 160, 161; in
Minas Gerais, 161–163, 175–176; in
Europe, 158; in Pernambuco, 160,
168; in Rio de Janeiro, 164
Buakasa, Tulu kia Mpanzu, 73
Buça, 130–132
buffalos, 309
Bundu dia Kongo, 72
Bunseki, Fu-Kiau, see Fu-kiau Bunseki
Bunzi (Funza, Funzi, Funzu, Lusunzi,
Mangundazi), 76, 205, 206, 208,
213, 214
burials, 135
Busa, 137
Cabinda, 28, 55, 56, 57, 60, 62,
124–126, 128, 130–132, 139,
196, 336
caboclos, 180–181
Caboré, 133
cabra, 141, 145
Cabrera, Lydia, 233
Cabunda, 138–139
Cachaça, 143
Cacheu, 124–125
cacique, 234
Caconda, 27, 51, 95, 98
Cacongo (Kakongo), 77
Caetano, Matheus, 108
Calabar, 126
Calmon, Francisco, 169, 170
Cambambe, 87, 95
Cape Lopez, 28
Cape Verde, 139, 141
Capelle, district, 74
Capelle, Frans, Dutch factor, 77, 80, 83
Capitação, 119
capitães-mores, 98, 99, 104, 109, 110, 112,
113
Capoeragem (capoiera Angola), 353, 361–362,
364, 367–370
Capuchins, 101, 107, 284
Caribbean, 23, 223. See also Antilles
(French), Spanish West Indies
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
374
Index
Carmelites, 107
Carmichael, Mr. of Seafield, West Coast
Berbice, 342
Carmo, 118, 120–121, 135, 139, 142
Carmo, Maria do, 144
Carolina (Brazil), 120, 122
Carolina and Georgia Low Country, 28,
290–317, passim
Carretão, 120, 122
Carrion Crow, 342, 343, 344, 345, 346. See
also Mr. Carmichael’s narrative,
deliverance
Carroll, Patrick, 238
Cartagena, 2, 26
Casange, Cassange, (market), 48, 133, 138.
See also Kasanje
Castello da Vide, Rafael, 256–57
Castelneau, Francis de la Porte de, 177
Catalão, Goiás, 148–149, 151
Catholic Church, 144, 156, 163
Cattle ranches (fazendas), 142
Cavalcante, 118, 120–122, 136–138,
140, 142
Cavazzi, Giovanni Antonio da
Montecuccolo, OFMCap, 74, 75, 76,
77, 78, 79, 80, 81, 82, 85, 87, 88, 359
Cédras, Raoul, 276, 284
Cemeteries, see graves
chapel boys, 83–4
Charleston, 58, 305
charms, 80, 310, 356. See also nkisi
Chatelain, Heli, 190–92, 193, 194, 199
Chavanate, see Xavante
Chekoke, see Kyocke
Chesapeake, 28
Christianity, in Africa, 17, 72, 78, 80,
83–90, 94, 102, 109, 157, 254–58
Christiano Jr., 178, 179
Christians, 95, 98, 110
cimarrones, 232
Claver, Pedro, 2
Cofre del Perote, 239
Cokwe, 54
Colón, Diego, 234
Comarca do Norte (Tocantins), 120,
136–139
Comarca do Sul (Goiás), 120, 136–137, 139
Comunda, 138
Conceição, 120, 122, 136–138, 140
Concordat of 1860, 265
congado/a, 149–151, 153, 175
Congo Heart Burn, 329
Congo man in Guiana, 347
Congo River, 74, 78, 186, 200, 331, 333
Congo, King of, 150–151
Cordial de Sá family, 108
corevelation, 84, 87
coronations, Castelneau’s description of,
177; in Bahia, 160, 166; in Minas
Gerais, 161, 162, 163, 177; in Recife,
160, 166; in Rio de Janeiro, 164,
170–171, 180; in Santo Amaro, 170;
legal acceptance of, 177; prohibitions
of, 161, 163, 178, 180; Rugendas’
depiction of, 173, 174
Corpus Christi, 233
corsairs, 235
Cortona, Serafina da, OFMCap, 76, 79, 80
cosmogram, Kongo, 230
cotton, 292, 304
Courtin, Jacques, 258–59
cowrie shells, 351
creole (creolization), 5, 12, 13, 15, 122,
185, 321, 322, 348
crioula, 143, 146
Crioula, Joaquina, 134, 141
Crioula, Quiteria, 134
crioulo(s), 131–132, 134, 141, 145, 148,
n. 38, p. 149, 160, 166, 168
cristãos novos, see New Christians
Crixás, 119–120, 122, 136–138, 140
crucifix, 110
Cuanza, see Kwanza
Cuba, 37, 58–59, 226
cucumbi, see dances, Afro-Brazilian
Cueva Maldonado, Archbishop Francisco
de la, 236
Cuiabá, 124, 129
cumbe, 227
Cunha Manuela Carneiro da, 121
curadeiras, 105, 112
Dande River, 86
Dahomey, 4, 223, 224, 225
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
Index
dances, African (tango, guaguancó, columbia,
macuta), 105, 233; of Congo, 164, 166,
170, 175, Afro-Brazilian, batuques,
164, 177, 178; congado/a 153, 175;
cucumbi, 153, 170n62, 180; maracatu,
153; mozambiques, 153; quicumbi, 170;
talheiras, 170
Danmye, see ladya
Dapper, Olfert, 74, 75, 77, 79, 80, 81
Davidson, David Michael, 124–125
Day of Kings, 164, 176, 178, 233
Deagan, Kathleen, 230
Debret, Jean Baptiste, 166, 167, 178
degregados, 94, 95
deliverance narratives, see flight
Dembos, 86, 105, 106, 107, 108, 110, 111
Demerara River, 321, 324, 329, 340
Descourtilz, Etienne, 247, 254
Descourvières, Jean-Joseph, 256–57
Desemboque, 120–121, 136–138, 140
Devil, the (Christian), 81
Dias de Novais, Paulo, 86
Dicomano, Raimondo da, OFMCap, 251,
256–57
Dimba (valley), 292
Diogo I, King, 86, 89
diseases (of liberated Africans), 323–234
diviners, 214, 218
dogs, 309, 314, 316, 317
dolphins, (Sotalia brasiliensis and Sotalia
fluviatilis (tucuxi ), 185
Dominicans, 158
Dompète, Dom Pèdre, 247–48
DuBois, W.E.B., 3
Duro, 120, 122, 127–128
Dutch (as slavers), 26, 27, 28, 47–49, 56, 61
dwarfs, 214, 218
Ecovongo, see Viye
Elephants, 309, 310, 311
Elola, 358
empacaceiros, 106
Encoge, 95, 110
engenhos (sugar plantations), 141–142
English (as slavers), 27, 28, 31, 49, 56, 57,
58, 61
Enriquillo, 234
375
entambes, 99, 100
escravos ladinos, 95, see slaves
estates with liberated Africans, 329
Ethiopia, 348
Europe, 5
Europeans, 94, 98
Ewbank, Thomas, 178
Faria Baretto, Dionisio, 88
Ferguson, Leland, 230–1, 237
Fernandes de Oliveria, Mário António, 92
fiador do quartamento, 146
filhos da terra, 94
Flores, 120, 122, 136–138, 140
foodways, 105
forested areas (Central Africa), 38, 40, 47,
56, 61, 62
Foundry House, n. 29, 141; n. 31, 143
Franciscans, 107
free blacks, 121, 140, 144, 146, 148, 160,
166, 173, 178
freedom, purchase of, 122, 136, 143–144,
146
French (as slavers), 28–31, 49, 54, 55, 56,
61, 62
Fu-kiau Bunseki, 72, 354
Funzu (Funzi), 76, 214. See also Bunzi
Gaeta, Antonio da Napoli, OFMCap, 87
Gambia, 302
ganda, dance ring in Guyana, 344, 345
Ganzambumbo, 76
Garcia II, King, 81
Garvey, Marcus, 348
Garveyites, 331, 349 fn. 64
Gender, 139–40, 143, 322
Geneve Kongo, 322
Georgetown, 340, 341, 344
Gibson, Kean, 346
Giraldin Odair, 135 n. 26
God, 76
Goiânia, 130
Goiás City of, 133, 148–149
Goiás, 15, 118, 122–124, 126–130, 137,
148–149; map of, 117
Gold, 118–119, 126–129, 136, 141 n. 29
n. 31, 143 n. 31, 144, 146
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
376
Index
Gold Coast, 23 (slaves from in Guyana),
320, 321, 345, 346
gold mining, 118–119, 121, 129–130,
142–143. See also Akan (West Africa),
Minas Gerais (Brazil)
Gombea Muqueama, Dembo, 113
Gómez de Sándoval, Governor Diego, 235
Gomez, Michael, 338
graves, 79–80, 109, 231, 307, 313
Great Britain, see English, West Africa
Squadron
Guadeloupe, 62
Guanabacoa, 233
Guanabara Bay, 128, 183, 185, 199,
206–207. See also Rio de Janeiro
Guaporé River, 124
guerra preta, 103, 106, 107, 113
Guilloux, Mgr., 275
Guinea, 124–125, 128, 137–138
Gulf of Guinea, 23
Gullah Jack, 231, 290, 312
Gullah Joe, 290
Gumbiri, 77
guns, 309, 313, 316
Guyana, 11, 17, 320, 323, 324, 326, 328,
330, 333, 336, 337, 340, 341, 342,
348, 351
gypsies, 94
Haiti, 348
Haitian Revolution, 11, 112, 265, 270,
271, 279
Haitian Voudou, 11, 16
Harvard Data Base, 8, 237, 321
Hausa, 126, 133
Havana, 35, 226, 233, 316
Heaven, 85
Hell, 85
Henriques, 148–149 n. 38
Herskovits, Melville J., 223, 224, 267
Heywood, Linda, 321
Higgins, Kathleen, 121
Highland plateau (central highlands),
western central Africa 26. See also
Bihe, Caconda, Mbailundo,
Ovimbundu, Umbundu, Wambu
Hilton, Anne, 196
Hispaniola, 234
Holo, 107
hospices, 102
Howard University, 3
Humbe, 51
hunting, 290, 308, 309, 310, 313–314, 315,
316, 317
Hutim, José Francisco, 130, 141
identity in Africa, 22, 37–39, 41, 44,
56–57, 59–60, 62–63, slave, in Brazil,
185. See also African “nations”
Igbo, 293
Imbangala, 46, 47, 49, 82–3, 87, 88, 106,
240. See also Kasanje
Imbomba, 77
immigrants, liberated Africans, 334–335
indentured labor, 320, 327
Indians, 124, 134, 139, 148
indigo, 292
indultos, 231
Ingolombe, 109
irmandade, see brotherhood
Isabel, Princess, 149,
Itapicuru River, 128, 151 n. 42
“Jagas”, see Imbangala
Jamaica, 11, 61, 297, 299, 348, 349
Jansen, John, 73
Jerusalem, 348
Jesuits, 101, 103, 118, 160
Jesus Christ, 100, 224
Jews, 94
Jinga, see Matamba; also Njinga, Nzinga
John Forbes & Company, 232
Johnson, Amandus, 75, 76
Jornal, 143 n. 31
Jordanite sect, 349
julgados, 119, 121, 139
Julião, Carlos, 164–165
Jumbi, 345
Jungu, 331, 338–340, 341, 343, 344
Kaboko, 77
Kahenda, 107
Kakongo (also Cacongo), 88
Kakulu ka Kahenda, 74
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
Index
Kakulu ka Oximi, 76
kalubungu, 191
kalula, 314
kalunga, 75, 118, 151 n. 42, 200, 295, 311,
323, 348, 352–360, 364–365, 369
kanga, 281, 282, 283, 284
Kasai River, 40, 49, 56
Kasanje, 49, 54, 88, 105, 106
Kavuna Simon, 212, 213
Kayapó, 148
Kenga, 77
kianda, 190, 192, 194. See also simbi
Kibenga, Pedro Constantinho da Silva, 284
Kikokoo, 78
Kikongo language, 44, 72, 73, 84, 86,
88, 186, 229, 241, 295, 326,
332, 348
kilombo, child precursor of twins, 216
kilombo, runaway camp, 240
kilundu(s), (nature spirit/s), 76, 77, 88, 307
kimbanda, (ritual experts), 93, 103–105,
355, 366
Kimbundu language, 44, 73, 78, 79, 80, 86,
186, 191, 223. See also Mbundu
Kimpa Vita, see Beatrice
kimpasi, 82, 196–197, 281
kinda, 192, see simbi
kindoki, 217. See also witchcraft
King Buzzard, see Carrion Crow
King George’s War, 300, 303
King of Congo (in the Americas), 153,
154, 155, 166, 168, 181–182, 297; as
leader of uprising, 176; Koster’s
description of, 172; in Minas Gerais,
173–176; in Recife,171–172; in Rio
de Janeiro, 170–171, 180–181;
Rugendas’ description of, 173; in
Santo Amaro, 169–170
King Zambi, 348
kingdoms, in Africa, see Political systems
kings, black (reis negros), 153, 154, 155, 156;
as leaders of quilombos, 162; as leaders
of rebellions, 160, 161, 162, 163, 166,
168, 178, 181; power of, 168–169;
von Martius’ description of, 173, 175
Kingsley, Zephaniah, 231
kinship (African), see Identity in Africa
377
Kisama, 106
kiteke, 76, 78, 88
kitembela, 79
kitome, 78, 79
Kitouba, 77
kituta, 190, 192, 194, see simbi
kixila, 77, 82
kiximbi, 190, 192, 196. See also simbi
knocking and kicking, 362–367, 370
komfo ritual, 340
Kongo/Congo, Kingdom and people,
23–24, 39–41, 43–44, 48, 49, 54, 72,
73, 75, 78, 80, 82, 83–5, 86, 87, 89,
92, 105, 111, 155, 156, 157,
159,188–189, 193, 195, 218, 223,
224, 225, 228, 266, 274, 359. See also
Bakongo, Kikongo language
Kongo (Madinga Kongo, Mundele Kongo,
326, 327, 329, 341, 344, 347, 350
Kongo dia Nlaza, Emperor of, 86
Kongo musician, 328
Kongo religion, 282, 283, 285
‘Kongo tar ass’, see Jungu; tar on slave ships
Kongo wedding, 330
Kongo, Kings of, 155, 156, 157, 159
Kongo-Guyanese word list, 332–333
Koster, Henry, 172, 173
Koudjay, 284
Krahô, 139
Kru, 329
Kuba, 48
Kubango River, 38
Kumina, 326
Kunene River, 26, 31, 38
Kwa River, see Kasai River
Kwanza (Cuanza) River, 23, 38, 86, 88, 113
Kyocke, 77
ladinos, 95, 104, 136, 185
ladya, 363–366, 370
Lafaye, Jacques, 272
Lagoa Feia, 127
Laman, Karl, 72, 192, 193, 195, 199–201,
205, 206, 310
Lampadosa Church, 168, 178
Languages (African, spoken in Guyana), 326
Lecum, R. P., 279
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
378
Index
Lemba, 214, 223
Lencastro, Governor, 93, 108
Liberated Africans, see Africans, liberated
Libolo, 130, 147
Lima, 26
Loango (kingdom), 49, 56, 72, 73, 75, 78,
80, 82, 83–5, 86, 87, 89, 218
Loango Coast, 28, 31, 49, 56, 58, 61, 128,
296, 309, 336, 357. See also Cabinda,
Loango (kingdom), Malimbo,
Mayumba, Vili
Loje (river), 296
Londa, 212
London Missionary Society, 337
Lorenzo, Father, 359
Lozi (Luyana), 54
Luala, 360
Luanda (São Paulo d’Assumpção de –
Portuguese port), 24, 31, 46–7, 52,
58, 61, 86, 96, 97, 101, 105, 106, 108,
112, 113, 128, 139, 153, 191, 296
Luanda, island, 24
“Luandas” (ethnic designation), 48, 51
Luccock, John, 183, 184, 185, 190, 198,
199, 201, 204, 205–207,
Lunda, 49. See also mwaant yaav, Ruund
Luso-African feudalism, 92
Luso-tropicalism, 92
Lusunzi, 76. See also Bunzi
Luvale, 54
lwa, 211, 219, 223, 224, 225
Lwena, 54
Maçanbi, 133
Macaya, 270–271
MacGaffey, Wyatt, 73, 186, 187, 193, 196,
197, 204, 229, 279, 331
Macota Cabassa, 113
Madeira, 94
Madeira River, 124
maestro da igreja, 255
Makandal, François, 250–53, 258, 260
Makenda, André, 73
Malebo Pool, 38, 39, 49, 56
Malimbo, 28, 31
Mamazamba, 274
Maniel José Leta, 236
manieles, 227
mapasa, 213
maracatu, 153
Maramba, 77
Maranhão, 124–128, 135
Maranhão River, 118–119, 124
marasa, 224
Maria, daughter of João Angola, 134
maroons, 124, 227, 312, 316, 318
maroon leaders (in Hispaniola, Diego
Guzman, Diego Ocampo, Juan
Vaquero, Lemba, 234); (in Mexico,
Yanga, Francisco de la Matieza), 239;
(in Colombia, Domingo Bioho/King
Benkos, 239, Domingo de
Padilla/Angola, 240)
marriages, 134, 144–146, 148
martial arts, 360
Martinique, 62, 348, 353, 363–365, 370
Martius, Karl Friedrich Philipp von, 173
Massangano, 95, 96, 113
Matadi, 216, 219
Mata Makala ma Mpasi, 73
Matamba, Kingdom of, 48, 54, 57, 86, 88,
175
Mato Grosso, 118, 124, 129
matrilineage, 214
Matudere, 240
Mayombe, 41, 42, 56, 77
Mayumba, 28
Mbailundo, 51, 105
Mbaka, see Ambaca
Mbanza Kongo, 84, 156, 308
Mbrije River, 35, 296
Mbumba (rainbow), 248–49
mbumbas (country people), 90
Mbundu (region and ethnicity), 44–47,
75, 79, 82, 86, 139, 188, 190, 192,
193, 194, 223, 330, 333. See also
Kimbundu
Mbwela, 110
Mbwila, 107, 110
McAlister, Elizabeth, 296, 284
Mearim River, 128
Meia Ponte (Pirenópolis), 118–122,
127–128, 136–138, 140
Mende, 293
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
Index
Mercies, Our Lady of, 148
Métraux, Alfred, 217, 223, 225, 265, 266,
267, 277
mfinda, feenda, finda (forest), 290, 291, 294,
295, 310
Middle Passage, 305
Military dances, 360
Miller, Joseph C., 112, 128,187–188, 320,
322, 326, 339, 352, 356, 360, 361
Mina, Joaquina, 143
Mina, Miguel, 141
“Mina/Minas”, 36, 126–128, 130–138,
141, 143–148, 161, 162, 168
Minas Gerais, 31–2, 51, 61, 118, 121,
124, 128,160–163, 169, 172,
173–176, 186, 188
mining towns, 118–119, 124, 135, 148
minkisi, see nkisi
Mintz, Sydney, 187
missionaries, 102
mnemonic streamlining, 343
mocambo, as character in ritual drama, 170
mocambos, as runaway slave community 95,
154
Moêno-Bengo, 100
Mofumbe, 138, 140
Moleques, 127
Mondongo, 344
Montesarchio, Girolamo da, OFMCap, 78,
81
mooyo, 281
moradores, 98, 102, 108
Moraes Filho, Alexandre José de Mello,
164, 178, 179, 180, 181
Moreau de Saint-Méry, Médéric
Louis-Elie, 246–48, 258
Morrison, Mavis, 331, 338, 339, 341, 343,
345, 350
Mortality (Middle Passage), 26
Moucumba, 131–132
Mozambique, 31, 58, 126, 130–132, 139,
148–149
mozambiques, 153
Mpangu, 187–188, 191. See also Bampangu
Mpinda, 40, 47–48
Mpombola, 310
Mputu, 323
379
Muanda Nsemi, 72
Muene Puto, 360
mulattoes, 93, 96, 97, 98, 141
Mundele Kongo, see Kongo Mundele
Mundongues (ethnic identity), 56
Munjollo (Tio slaves) Manjolo, 130–132
music, 105 music, in feast day celebrations,
164, 170, 173, 174 (illus), 178, 179
(illus); maracatu, 153
musical instruments, African (conga,
mambisa, tumba, bongós, claves),
150–151, 233
Mutecos, 138–139
Mutemo, 86
Muxima, 87, 95
mwaant yaav, 49
mwana wa nlongo, 212, 213
Nagano, 137
Nago-Yoruba, 126, 130–132, 135,
137–138, 141, 143, 145, 166
names, Central African personal, lists
retained in Guyana, 333–335
naming practices, Christian, in Africa,
102–103, 108–109
narratives, deliverance, 336, 343; historical,
337, 338
Natal, 125–126
Natividade, 118, 120–122, 126–127,
134–138, 140
naturães da terra, 104
Naviez, 76
Ndala a Kabasa, 76
Ndembu, 42, 46
ndoki, 336, see witch, witchcraft, kindoki,
wanga
Ndongo, Kingdom of, 76, 87, 88, 235
ndudu, 213
Negro Fort, 232
Netherlands, see Dutch
New Christians (cristãos novos), 94, 95
New Orleans, 58, 62
New Spain, 272
Neyba, 238
nfinga Kongo, 308
nfinga Ngula, 308
Nganga a Muloko, 81
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
380
Index
nganga ngombo, 81
nganga nkisi, 222
nganga nkita, 222
ngangas, in general, 224, 233, 312, 336,
342. See also kimbandas
Ngangela, 47, 55
ngangu sense, intelligence, see Guyanese
“sense man,” 342
Ngola a kiluanje, 23–4, 28
ngolo, 357–359, 361, 368
Ngoyo, 88, 213. See also Cabinda
ngunza, 355 n. 7, 356
Niger Delta, 13
Nigeria, 224
Njinga/Nzinga/Xinga, Queen, 42, 49, 87,
88, 175
nkangi kiditu, 254, 257
nkisi/minkisi(min’kisi), 77, 80, 82, 85, 212,
222, 223, 224, 231, 237, 241, 249,
252–53, 256, 281, 356
nkita, 78, 220, 222, 223, 224, 307. See also
simbi, territorial deities
Nkondu, 212, 225
North America, 344
nsanga, (dance), 359–360
Nsevo, 78
Nsi Kwilu, 81
Nsundi (Basundi), 78, 188, 191
Nsuzi, 215
Nzadi Basin, 292, 296
Nzambi a Mpungu, (Nzambe mpungu), 75,
76, 269, 279, 336
Nzinga, Queen, see Njinga
Nzinga, twin born with umbilicus around
neck, 215, 218
nzunga, 356
Obatala, 225
Obeah, 324, 343, 347. See also witchcraft
Occupations of slaves and freedpersons,
141–143
Ogun, 224, 273
Olinda, 127, 172
Oliveira, Maria Ines de, 126
Omari-Obayemi, Mikelle, 224
ordeals, 82, 251
orisha, 224
Ortiz, Fernando, 233
Ouidah, 28, 36
Our Lady of Altagracia, 277
Our Lady of Conception, 111
Our Lady of Mount Carmel, 276, 277,
280, 283
Our Lady of Perpetual Help, 274, 275
Our Lady of Pinda, 274
Our Lady of the Rosary, 148–149, 151,
160, 172, 173
Ovando, Governor Nocolás de, 234
Ovimbundu, 49, 51, 58, 330
pakèt Kongo, 281
palenque, 227
Palma, 122. See also São João da Palma
Palmares, 49, 118, 159, 161, 227
Palmie, Stephan, 241
Palo Monte, 226
Pará, 124
Paracatú, 128
Paraná River, 129
Parco, Rosario dal, OFMCap, 255
Parda, Joaquina, 141
Pardo/as, 119, 121–122, 127, 144–145, 166,
170, 171, 172
Parnaı́ba Piauı́, 124–126, 128
Parnaı́ba River, 128–129
Paulistas, 129
Pawnship, 121
Pensacola, 232
Pere, Mr. of Seafield, 342
Pernambuco, 26, 27, 31, 48–9, 51, 61, 62,
124–127, 160, 168, 171
pessoas de obrigação, 121
Petro, 223
Piauı́, 127–128
Pilar, 119–122, 127, 136–138, 140, 142
pilgrimage, 280
Pinto, Luiza, 112
Plaine-du-Nord, La, 272
Pombal, Marquis de, 163
pombeiros, 51, 96
Pompo, 77
Population statistics, 119, 121–123
Porpoise, see dolphin
Port-au-Prince, 226, 275, 284
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
Index
Pôrto da Estrêla, 128
Porto Real/Imperial/Nacional, 120, 122,
136–140
Portugal, Portuguese, 23, 94, 118–119,
121, 123, 141, 156
prêt savanne, 262–63
pretos calçados, 96
pretos velhos, 153
Price, Richard, 187
Price-Mars, Jean, 267
Prospect Bluff, 232
Puerto Rico, 36
Purgatory, 85
Queen of Congo, 170, 172, 173, 174, 176
Queen Victoria, 349
queens, 160, 161, 162, 163, 168, 178; as
leader of quilombo, 162
quilambas, 106
quilombo(s), quilambolas, 9, 118, 122–123,
134, 144, 148, 160, 169, 227; in
Minas Gerais, 162; festivals known as,
153. See also Palmares
Quilombo dos Palmares, see Palmares
quimbares, 96, 103
quimboiseur, 365
Quinto, 121, 128, 141
Quionzo, 87
Rada, 223
Rastafarians, 348, 349
rats, 292, 308, 315
Rebolo (Rabello, Robôllo. See also Libolo),
130–132, 147, 164, 166, 168
recaptives, Africans, see Africans,
liberated
Recife, 124, 166, 171, 172; Dutch Recife,
159
Registries, baptismal and death, 130,
134–135 n. 26; 136, 139, 143–144,
148
Regla, 233
reinado, see coronations
Reis Congos, 16
Religious brotherhoods, black (Royal
Congo cabildo, 233; Cabildo Rey
Mago San Melchor, 233; 236)
381
Revolts, slave, 207
Reyes, Dı́a de, see Day of Kings
Ribas, Oscar, 92
Ribeiro, Manuel SJ, 74, 76, 88
rice, 292, 298, 299–300, 311, 315
ring shout, 366–367
Rio das Velhas, 120–121
Rio de Janeiro, 27, 31, 51, 52, 55, 58, 61,
97, 124, 128–130, 132, 139, 160, 163,
164, 165, 166, 170, 171, 186, 188,
206, 207, 329, 351, 361
Rı́o de la Plata, 26, 31
roças, 142–143
Rodney, Walter, 329
Rodrigues de Meneses, 99
Romaine-la-Prophétesse, 259, 270, 271
rosary brotherhoods, see Brotherhoods of
Our Lady of the Rosary
rosary, 84
Rugendas, João Maurı́cio, 173, 174
rulers, African, 156–157
Rupert’s Valley, 323, 324
Ruund, 49, 54, 57, 58
Sabará, 112, 121
Sabarû, 137
sacraments, 100
Saint Benedict, 151, 160, 170n62, 180
Saint Domingue, 28, 57–58, 62, 235,
243–45, 250–54, 258–64, 266, 269,
272, 276, 277, 279
Saint James the Greater (Sen Jak), 266, 272,
273, 276; feast of, 359
Salazar dictatorship, 92
salt, 349–350
salt and slave trade associations, 351,
salt avoidance and vulnerability, 342, 343
salt ingestion, subordination, 349–350
Salvador, 124, 126–127, 130, 132, 135,
138–139, 161, 166, 172
Salve Antonia, 283
San Basilio, 239
San Lorenzo de los Negros de Mina, 236
Santa Anna (St. Ann), church of, 130, 134
n. 25, 144, 146, 150
Santa Cruz, 118, 120, 122, 136–138, 140,
142
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
382
Index
Santa Luzia, 118, 120, 122, 136–138, 140,
142
Santerı́a, 226
Santo Amaro, 169–170, 175
Santos, Luis Gonçalves dos, 128, n. 17, 149
n. 38
São Domongos, 127
São Félix, 120–122, 127, 136–140, 142,
143 n. 31
São Francisco River, 31, 127
São João da Palma, 136–138, 140
São José de Tocantins, 128
São Luis, 124, 127
São Paulo, 129, 134, 186, 188, 207
São Tomé, 23–26, 43, 44–46, 60,
126, 158
Saut-d’Eau (Ville-de-Bonheur), 276
Savona, Cherubino da, OFMCap, 255
Sebastyén, Eva, 10
Selassie, Haile, 348
self ethnographers, 72, 73
Seminole, Black, villages (Bowlegs Town,
Pilaklikaha, Payne’s Town, Mulatto
Girl’s Town, King Heijah’s Town,
Bucker Woman’s Town, Boggy Island,
Big Swamp), 231–2
Senegambia, 28, 299, 303
“sense man,” (ngangu), 336, 342
Sephardic Jews, 26
Serro do Frio, 161, 162
Seville, 23
Shango, 224
shipmates, 320, fn. 26
ships, immigrant, 324, 333
ships, slave
Arabian IV, 333, 336
Athletae, 327
Graça, 333
Malaga, 336
use of tar on, 339, 341, fn. 44
shrines, 76–77
Sierra Leone, 13, 299, 303, 321, 323, 324,
326, 327, 348
Silva Corrêa, Elias Alexandre da, 99, 100,
101, 107, 109
Silva Lundû, Rita da, 135
Silva, Bartolomeu Bueno da, 129
silver (Spanish, New World), 26
simbi, (kisimbi, basimbi, bisimbi ), 193, 196,
197, 198, 211, 212, 213, 214, 215,
216, 219, 223, 224, 225–226, 307,
312, 313, 356. See also territorial
deities
sizas (sales taxes), 130, 136, 139, 143
Slave Coast (West Africa), 28. See also
Ouidah
Slave trade, 123–124, 126–129, 130, 133,
139, 292, 296–297, 311, 336; statistics,
23–41, Appendix, suppression of, see
West Africa Squadron
slave traders (Portuguese), 337
slavery, 158, 158, 160, 161, 297, 317;
Christianity and, 158, 160, 173;
rebellions, 160, 161, 162, 176;
runaways, 159, 160, 162; slave ports,
160, 163
slaves, 93, 95, 97, 339, 340
Songa, 138
Sonho, see Soyo
Souloque, Faustin, 278
Sousa Coutinho, Francisco de, 96, 99, 107,
109
South Atlantic System, 7
South Carolina Lowcountry, 10, 17, 112
Souto, Sebastião, 86, 89
Souza Pereira, Niomar de, 151
Soyo, 274, 275, 276
Spain, 44–46. See also Spanish West Indies,
Seville, Lima, Rı́o de la Plata
Spaniards (as slavers), 56–58
Spanish West Indies, 23. See also Cuba,
Puerto Rico
spirits, African categories, 75–79, 223
wicked, 80–81
St. Augustine, 228
St. Francis of Assisi, 111
St. Helena, 320, 321, 323, 326, 327, 333,
336, 340
Stanley Pool, 139
“States”, in Africa, see Political systems
Stono, 228
Stono Rebellion 303
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
Index
sugar, see producing regions (Bahia,
Caribbean, Pernambuco, São Tomé)
Suwannee River, 232
Sylva, José Porto da, 146
syncretic religions (regla de palo-monte,
palo mayombe, zarabanda, santerı́a),
233
Taino Indians, 234
tambas, 99, see entambes
tar, see ships, use of tar on
tata, 301
Tavares, Pero, SJ, 77, 87, 88
Teke, 39. See also Mundongue, Tio
territorial deities/spirits, in Africa, 76–79,
194, 196–201, 205, 207, 293, 307,
310, 312. See also simbi, nkita, kinda,
kiximbi, kituta
Thompson, Robert Farris, 73, 231
Thornton, John, 48, 156, 197, 186, 228,
237, 270, 276, 281, 331, 354, 360
Tietê River, 129
Tio, 139, 222. See also Teke
Tiriko, 78
Tisserant, R. P., 278
Tocantins (state), 118; map of, 117, 137,
149
Tocantins River, 118, 124, 128, 139
“Tomista” (São Tomé traders, planters), see
São Tomé
Tortuga, 235
Toxosu, 224
Traı́ras, 118–122, 136–138, 140, 142
transmigration of souls, 74
trapping, 298, 309, 314–315, 317
Trinidad, 11
Tuckey, J. K. 200–201, 202, 203, 205
Turner, Victor, 197
twins, 211–226
umbrellas, 164, 165, 177
Umbundu language, 48, 93, 186
undamento, 108
Ungaro, Bernardo OFMCap, 89
United States, 3
Upper Guinea Coast, 124, 139, 304
383
Urban slavery, 44–46, 52–53
Usá, see African Nations, Hausa
Vansina, Jan, 352
Vasconcelos, Governor, 97, 100
Vatican, 277, 278
Vazconcelos, Antonio de Melo e, 146
Vera Cruz, 26
Vermelho River, 118
Vessey, Denmark, 312
Vila Bela, 124
Vila Boa, 118–121, 123, 126–134,
136–144, 146
Vila de São João, 120
Vila Rica (Ouro Prêto), 128
Vila Vilar, Enriqueta, 239
Vili, 49, 56–57
violence, and slaving, 40, 44, 46–7, 56,
57–59, 60
Virgin Mary, 84, 85, 272, 274, 275, 276,
277, 282. See also entries under Our
Lady
Viye, 54, 105, 357
Vodou (Vaudoux), 265, 267, 268, 275, 277,
278, 244, 246–54, 259–61
Wakenaam Island, 329
Wambu, 51
wanga, 269. See also witchcraft
war (in western Central Africa), see
violence
water spirits (in Guyana), 346, 347, 348
Weisman, Brent, 232
West Africa (West Africans), 2, 8, 9,
124–126, 128, 130, 132–139, 141
West Africa Squadron (British), 31–35
West Africans, in Brazil, 51. See also
“Minas”
West Central Africa, 8, 17
Windward Coast, 303
witchcraft and enslavement, cannibalism,
and vampirism, 324, 326, 346, 347,
348, 350
witchcraft, 81–83. See also ndoki, kindoki,
wanga
witches, 355
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org
Cambridge University Press
978-0-521-00278-3 - Central Africans and Cultural Transformations in the American Diaspora
Edited by Linda M. Heywood
Index
More information
384
Withlacoochee River, 232
women, 47, 59–60, 94, 98, 100, 123,
143, 215, 330, 217, 219, 220,
300, 301
Wood, Peter, 228
Woodson, Carter G., 3
Woodson, Drexel, 268
Works Project Administration, 6
Xavante (also Chavante), 134, 139,
145–146, 148
Xavier, Francisco, 92
Index
Yaka, 326
Yemoja, 225
Yoruba, 4, 13, 130, 138, 214, 233
Zaire River, see Congo River
Zambi, 348
Zambia, 215, 216
zanges, 225
Zary, district, 77
Zion, 348, 349
zizimina, 81
Zombo, 326, 348
© in this web service Cambridge University Press
www.cambridge.org