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Age of Mammals
 After
the Cretaceous extinction, mammals
adapted to environments once used by dinosaurs
and other extinct reptiles.
13.4 Cenozoic Era
 Adaptations
enabled mammals to out - compete
the surviving reptiles.
AGE OF MAMMALS
Adaptations
Tertiary Period
 Warm-blooded
 Mountain
They can survive in cold regions and hunt any
season or time of day.
 More
efficient heart & lungs
 Insulating
 Mammals became
diverse worldwide.
body hair
Tertiary Period
 Evolution
building and climate changes
accompanied the breakup of Pangaea.
widespread and
Quaternary Period
of many new types of mammals.
 Mammals evolved specialized
limbs
 Mammals evolved specialized
teeth
i.e. sharp teeth for eating meat
 Advance
and retreat of continental glaciers
 Migration
of Homo sapiens - modern humans
to every corner of Earth
flat molars for chewing
larger in size
 Mammals grew
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Quaternary Earth
Quaternary Life
 In
 Mammals became
the 1940’s, astronomer Milutin Milankovich
proposed that ice ages were related to Earth’s
movements in orbit.
Quaternary Life

Humans evolved from Homo sapiens in Africa
more than 100,000 years ago.
very large.
Mastodons and mammoths
Beavers
Ground Sloths
Wolves
Bears
Bison
Assignment
 Txtbk
p. 389 #1, 8 – 10, 18, 27
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