Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Georgia
Slide 1
and the American Experience
Chapter 4: 14771477-1752
Settlement of the
Thirteenth Colony
Study Presentation
© 2005 Clairmont Press
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Georgia
Slide 2
and the American Experience
Section 1: An Age of Exploration
Section 2: English Settlement in
the New World
Section 3: The Colonization of
Georgia
Section 4: Building a New Home
© 2005 Clairmont Press
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Slide 3
Section 1:
An Age of Exploration
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
–What were the effects of the
interactions of Europeans and Native
Americans?
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 Clairmont Press
Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 4
Section 1:
An Age of Exploration
• What words do I need to know?
–middleman
–monarch
–colony
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Slide 5
Section 1:
An Age of Exploration
• What people do I need to know?
–Christopher Columbus
–Hernando De Soto
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Slide 6
Section 1:
An Age of Exploration
• What places do I need to know?
–St. Augustine
–Guale
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Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 7
Spain and the Age of Exploration
• Columbus discovered San Salvador Island
(part of today’s Bahamas) in 1492.
• Columbus later explored the coasts of
Central and South America and other
Caribbean islands.
• Amerigo Vespucci sailed along the South
American coast in 1499; a mapmaker
named the new land “America.”
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Slide 8
Hernando De Soto Searches Georgia
for Gold
• In 1540, Spanish explorer Hernando De Soto,
with hundreds of men, marched north from
Tampa, Florida into southwest Georgia (near
today’s Albany).
• De Soto’s weapons, plated armor, and horses
overwhelmed the Native Americans; thousands of
American Indians in Georgia died, many from
disease brought by the Spaniards.
• The Spaniards marched across Georgia into
South Carolina, but never found the gold they
sought.
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Slide 9
Spain’s Early Missions in Georgia
• In 1566, Spain established missions on Georgia’s
Cumberland Island and St. Catherine’s Island,
called Santa Catalina. During the same century,
posts were established at Sapelo and St. Simon’s
Island.
• The Spanish missionaries called the region Guale
(pronounced “Wallie”) after the Guale Indians.
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 Clairmont Press
Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 10
Section 2:
English Settlement of
the New World
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– What caused a rivalry between
England and Spain in the New
World?
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Slide 11
Section 2:
English Settlement of
the New World
• What words do I need to know?
–mercantilism
–indentured servant
–slave
–garrison
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Slide 12
Section 2:
English Settlement of
the New World
• What places do I need to know?
–Jamestown, Virginia
–Fort King George
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Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 13
English Settlements in the New World
• The English established colonies on North America’s
Atlantic coast throughout the 1600s. The goals of the
colonists varied, from religious mission, gaining wealth to
bettering their lives.
• Great Britain wanted raw materials from the New World’s
colonies, which it would manufacture into finished goods
and sell to other countries. This was mercantilism.
• By 1686, as the English colonies reached as far south as
South Carolina, the Spanish retreated from Guale to St.
Augustine, Florida. Great Britain wanted a “buffer” colony
to protect the English colonists from Spanish Florida.
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Slide 14
The English Influence in the
Georgia Colony
• The French began colonizing the Gulf coast and parts of
Alabama. England began worrying about the French and
Spanish threats to its colonial claims.
• In 1721, the English established Fort King George at the
mouth of the Altamaha River, near today’s Darien. The fort
was a “warning point” for invaders from Spanish Florida.
The fort was abandoned after six years.
• Although Great Britain claimed Georgia in 1663, it didn’t
begin making plans to settle the territory until 1717.
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Slide 15
Section 3:
The Colonization of
Georgia
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– Why was the Georgia colony
founded?
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 Clairmont Press
Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 16
Section 3:
The Colonization of
Georgia
• What words do I need to know?
–trustee
–charter
–regulations
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Slide 17
Section 3:
The Colonization of
Georgia
• What people do I need to know?
–James Edward Oglethorpe
–Robert Castell
–Dr. Thomas Bray
–King George II
–Chief Tomochichi
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Slide 18
Section 3:
The Colonization of
Georgia
• What places do I need to know?
–Yamacraw Bluff
–Savannah
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Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 19
Georgia Becomes a Colony
• James Edward Oglethorpe and 20 other influential men in
Great Britain made a plan to create a colony for the
working poor. They envisioned a colony for people who
faced jail time for bad debts.
• In 1732, King George II created a charter allowing 21
Trustees, including Oglethorpe, to create a Georgia colony
and oversee it for 21 years. It included the land between
the Savannah and Altamaha rivers and extended west to
the Pacific Ocean.
• Oglethorpe promised that silk, dyes, wine, spices, and
semi-tropical fruit would be sent from Georgia back to
England.
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Slide 20
The First Georgia Colonists
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• Few debtors, former prisoners, or working poor ever made
it to Georgia during its early settlement.
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• Georgia’s first settlers were given land, tools, and food.
They promised to defend the colony from invaders and to
grow trees that would attract silk worms.
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• Between 114 and 125 settlers sailed form England on the
ship Ann in 1732. Oglethorpe befriended Tomochichi,
chief of the Yamacraw Indians.
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• Tomochichi led the settlers to Yamacraw Bluff overlooking
the Savannah River. This became the first settlement of
the new Georgia colony.
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Slide 21
Savannah: Georgia’s Planned City
• Oglethorpe, surveyor Noble Jones, and Colonel
William Bell designed the city of Savannah and
built along the Savannah River to facilitate
shipping.
• The streets formed several squares that were
divided into blocks (called “tythings”) and wards.
The center of each square was for social, political,
and religious gatherings.
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• All but three of Oglethorpe's original squares exist
in Savannah today.
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• Today, nearly 150,000 people live in Savannah.
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Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 22
Section 4:
Building a New Home
• ESSENTIAL QUESTION
– In what ways did Georgia expand
and succeed as a colony?
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Slide 23
Section 4:
Building a New Home
• What words do I need to know?
–artisan
–militia
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Slide 24
Section 4:
Building a New Home
• What people do I need to know?
–Dr. Samuel Nunis
–John Martin Bolzius
–John & Charles Wesley
–William Stephens
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 Clairmont Press
Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 25
Section 4:
Building a New Home
• What places do I need to know?
–Ebenezer
–New Ebenezer
–Frederica
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Slide 26
New Colonists Arrive in Georgia
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• Catholics were not allowed to settle in Georgia under the
charter signed by King George II.
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• Forty original settlers died in the first year. In 1733, 42
Jews were allowed to settle in Georgia, including a muchneeded doctor.
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• In 1733, a group of German protestants from Salzburg
arrived, and settled a town called Ebenezer, about 25
miles from Savannah. Three years later they moved to
Red Bluff and settled New Ebenezer.
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• Oglethorpe and Chief Tomochichi returned from a trip to
England in 1736 with 300 more settlers, including German
protestants from Salzburg and Saxony. Religious leaders
John and Charles Wesley also arrived in Georgia.
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Slide 27
Georgia’s Colonists Become Discontent
• Regulations enforced by Oglethorpe did not allow rum
trade, buying large tracts of land, or use of slave labor.
• South Carolina used slave labor to successfully grow rice,
tobacco, and cotton on large plantations. Farmers in
Georgia wanted the same “success” that South Carolina
farmers had.
• Many Georgians moved to places in the colony where they
basically could live as they wished.
• By 1742, Georgians were allowed to buy and sell rum.
Slavery was introduced in 1750. The colony named for
King George II was changing.
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 Clairmont Press
Georgia and the American Experience
Chapter 4: Settlement of the Thirteenth Colony
Study Guide
Slide 28
The War Against Spain
• The War of Jenkin’s Ear broke out between Great Britain
and Spain in 1739. Oglethorpe organized an army of
about 2,000 men with plans to capture Spanish forts in
Florida. Spain responded and forced the Georgians, South
Carolinians, and their Indian allies to retreat to St. Simon’s
Island.
• The Battle of Bloody Marsh in 1742 caused the Spanish
to flee Georgia, marking the end to Spanish threats.
Georgia’s southern border was protected.
• Oglethorpe left the Georgia colony for England in 1743
and never returned.
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Slide 29
The Post-Oglethorpe Era Begins
• Three different men served as president of the Georgia
colony from the time Oglethorpe left the colony until 1754:
William Stephens, Henry Parker, and Patrick Graham.
• In 1752, one year before the initial 21-year charter was to
expire, the trustees returned Georgia to the authority of
King Georgia II.
• In its first 20 years as a colony, Georgia’s population grew
to 5,500 people, of which one-third were slaves.
Protestants from Europe found safe haven in Georgia.
• Treaties with Native Americans and victory over the
Spanish settlers in Florida provided security to the Georgia
colonists.
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Slide 30
Early Georgia Colony
Accomplishments
• The Bethesda Orphans Home was established in
Ebenezer.
• The orphanage later became Bethesda House School,
where many of Georgia’s early leaders were educated.
• The Methodist Church was founded by John and Charles
Wesley.
• The first Sunday School in America is established by the
Wesley brothers.
• A successful court system was established and
maintained.
• Women were able to inherit property.
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