Globe Academy Science Department
Year 8 Speed Pressure Moments
Homework Booklet 5-7
Contents:
Topic
1
Calculating Speed
2
Streamlining
3
Revision Quiz
4
Pressure Calculation
5
Date
Set
Date Feedback/
Due Marking
Levers
6
Research
7
Research
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Homework 1
Speed, distance and time
You can remember the formula for speed using this triangle:
You can convert a speed in m/s into mph by multiplying it by 2.237.
You can convert mph to m/s by dividing by 2.237.
Show all your working when answering these questions.
1
An athlete ran 26.2 miles in 180 minutes. How fast was he running? Give your answer in
miles per hour.
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2
3
Jenny ran 100 m in 20 seconds.
a.
What was Jenny’s speed in m/s?
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b.
What was her speed in mph?
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c.
How long should it take Jenny to run 5 miles? Give your answer in minutes. (Hint: 0.3
hours is not 30 minutes!)
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d.
It actually took Jenny an hour to run 5 miles. Why was her time longer than the time you
calculated in part c?
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A car attempting to break the land speed record reached a speed of 675 mph.
a.
How many miles would it travel each second? (Hint: You will need to divide by the
number of seconds in an hour.)
b.
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How long would it take to travel 10 miles? Give your answer in seconds.
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c.
How far would the car travel in 5 seconds at this speed?
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The slowest mammal is the sloth, with an average speed of about 0.1 mph. The fastest is the
cheetah, with a mean speed of 37 mph.
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a.
What is the speed of the two animals in m/s?
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Homework 2
Fuel consumption
The table shows the fuel consumption of
two different lorries when they are
travelling at different speeds.
Miles travelled per litre
1
Speed (mph)
Lorry A
Lorry B
50
1.43
1.55
55
1.33
1.45
60
1.21
1.33
65
1.08
1.20
70
0.82
0.95
Plot a graph to show the information in the table. Put speed on the horizontal axis. Add
a key to show which line refers to which lorry.
2
The engine uses energy stored in the fuel to produce a force. Why do the lorries need a
force to keep them moving at a steady
speed?.........................................................................................................................................
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3
How can you tell from the information in the table that the lorries use more energy when
they are travelling fast?
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Look at the pictures of the two lorries. Does lorry A belong to Daisy or Fred? Explain your
answer.........................................................................................................................................
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Graph paper here
Homework
Pressure calculations
The formula for pressure is:
1
pressure = force (in newtons)
area (in cm2 or m2)
A box of chocolate bars weighs 180 N.
Its base has an area of 0.09 m2.
What pressure does it exert on the ground?
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2
This suitcase has sides measuring 75 cm long by 25 cm
wide and 50 cm high.
The airline says that the maximum mass it can be is
20 kg.
a
The suitcase is at the maximum mass. What will
its weight be? (1 kg has a weight of 10 N.)
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b
What will its pressure be on the ground if it is
standing on its side?
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c
What will its pressure be on the ground if it is on its end?
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d
What will its pressure be on the ground if it is lying flat?
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e
Which side puts the most pressure on the ground?
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f
How could you have answered part e without calculating any pressures?
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3
A man is walking on a flat roof.
He weighs 880 N and each of his shoes has an
area of 220 cm2.
a
What is his pressure on the roof standing
on both feet?
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b
If he uses a cat ladder with a weight of 120
N and an area of 5000 cm2 what will the
pressure be now?
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Home work 4
Levers
Levers work by moving objects around a pivot or fulcrum. An effort is applied when you push
down on one side, and this makes the load move.
1
Mark the pivot, load and effort on each of these diagrams one.
a
2
These drawings show two pairs of scissors. One is for doing embroidery, when you need to
cut thin threads very close to a piece of material. The other pair is for use in the kitchen, and
can cut through thin bones like chicken bones.
A
3
b
B
a. Which drawing shows the kitchen scissors? ..........................................................
Explain how you worked out your answer.
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b. You could use the kitchen scissors for embroidery. Explain why the embroidery scissors are
better....................................................................................................................................
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Janet is trying to lift a log.
Describe two things that Janet could do to make lifting the log easier.
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4
If you push a door closed, it is much easier if you push it near the handle instead of pushing it
near the hinges. Explain why this is so.
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Homework 5
Quiz
Circle the correct letter for each question.
1
The speed of a car is a measure of how:
A
far it is travelling.
B
fast it is travelling.
C
long it is travelling.
D
high it is travelling.
2
A bus travelled a distance of 20 km in 2 hours. Its speed was:
A
0.1 km/h.
B
40 km/h.
C
20 km/h.
D
10 km/h.
3
The mean speed of something is:
A
its fastest speed.
B
the total distance it travels divided by the time taken.
C
its slowest speed.
D
its speed limit.
4
If a car travels at 50 mph, how long will it take to travel 75 miles?
A
1.5 hours
B
0.5 hours
C
0.67 hours
D
67 minutes
5
Balanced forces:
A
make objects speed up.
B
make objects slow down.
C
do not change the speed of moving objects.
D
only affect stationary objects.
6
This drawing shows two forces on a car. What will happen to the speed of the car?
A
B
C
D
It will accelerate.
It will slow down.
It will decelerate.
It will stay the same.
7
What are forces X and Y?
A
B
C
D
X is air resistance, Y is gravity.
X is air resistance, Y is friction.
X is gravity, Y is air resistance.
X is friction, Y is air resistance.
8
An object will accelerate quickly if it has:
A
a large force and a small mass.
B
a large force and a large mass.
C
a small force and a large mass.
D
a small force and a small mass.
9
The air resistance of a car can be reduced by:
A
making the car bigger.
B
making the car heavier.
C
giving it a streamlined shape.
D
putting a roof rack on it.
10
Which statement about air resistance is true?
A
If speed increases, air resistance decreases.
B
If speed increases, air resistance increases.
C
If speed decreases, air resistance increases.
D
Speed has no effect on air resistance.
11
A car needs energy to keep moving because:
A
everything needs a force to keep moving.
B
gravity is trying to slow it down.
C
it needs a force to balance friction and air resistance.
D
weight balances friction.
12
Air resistance on a moving object is caused by:
A
air being attracted to the object.
B
air particles moving around the object.
C
the wind.
D
air particles hitting the object.
13
There are changing forces on a skydiver during a jump. Which of these statements is not true?
A
Her weight stays the same.
B
Her air resistance stays the same.
C
Her air resistance is very small at the beginning of the jump.
D
Her air resistance increases as her speed increases.
14
A skydiver reaches a maximum speed when:
A
his air resistance has increased to balance his weight.
B
his air resistance has decreased to balance his weight.
C
his weight has increased to balance the air resistance.
D
his parachute opens.
15
This distance–time graph shows Mrs Martin driving her children to the cinema. Which part of
the graph shows where she stopped at some traffic lights?
A
B
C
D
16
V to W
W to X
X to Y
Y to Z
This speed–time graph shows the speed of a skydiver. Which letter shows part of the graph
where the forces on him are balanced?
Homework 6and 7
Research
We use many different vehicles in our everyday lives. Bicycles, cars, buses and trains are the most
common ones, but you may have flown in an aeroplane if you have been abroad for a holiday, or
even crossed the English Channel in a hovercraft. Most of these vehicles were invented in the last
few hundred years, and some within the last 50 or 60 years. Engineers and inventors have
improved the designs of vehicles, making them faster and safer.
Your task is to find out about a particular kind of vehicle and the inventor or inventors that
worked on it.
Choose 1
You could find out about:
•
George and Robert Stephenson and ‘The Rocket’
•
Christopher Cockerell and ‘The hovercraft’
•
George Cayley, Orville and Wilbur Wright, and the development of ‘The aeroplane’
•
Mike Burrows and ‘The bicycle’
•
Frank Whittle, Ernst Heinkel and jet aeroplanes
When you have found some information, you could:
•
•
•
produce an illustrated report showing the inventor and the invention
summarise the key points about the invention
give a short talk to the rest of the class describing what you have found out.
You can use the 5 (WWWWW) or use your own style of presentation.
Who ? Names, photograph, where and when he/she was born and any other facts.
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When ? What year and where the invention happened.
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How? Brief explanation.
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Why? Purpose/importance
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Any other interesting facts or pictures
Example: How is it used now?