NEW
TH E
E N G LAN D
E M IG RAN T AID
C O MPAN Y,
ITS
AN D
I N F LU E N C E
UP O N
,
T H ROUG H
N AT IO N A L
KA N S AS
TH E
H I ST O RY
C O N TE
.
H i story g i ves ab u nd a n t proof t ha t a br i ef per i od of t
has oft e n d eter m i ned the ch a r a cter a n d dest i ny of a n a t i
Su c h a per i od i s p roperly c a lled i ts controll i ng or do m i n at
epoch
In the h i story of our o w n cou ntry the ye a r 1 8 5 4 holds t
co m m a n d i ng p os i t i o n a n d govern s al l ou r sub seq u e nt y e a rs
w a s i n th i s ye a r that the Slave Po we r a t t a i ned i ts h i ghest e
a n d de m ol i shed the l a st b a rr i er t hat stood i n the v
n e n ce
of i ts co m plete su pre m a cy an d i ts perpetu al d o m i n i on
execut i ve the leg i sl a t i ve and the j ud i c i a l departm en ts of
Govern m en t w ere en t i rely w i th i n i ts power Not content h(
ever w i th the repe a l o f the M i ssour i Co m pro mi se wh i ch ope n
our v a st te rr i tor i al possess i o ns to S lavery ; not cont
al l
w i th i ts w el l assured a n d a bsolute power w i th i n our n at i o
bou nd a r i es i t a sp i re d to a n nex other countr i es and u m
i ts d i re fu l r u le to b u i ld up a vast e m p i re o n the corn er s t o
of Sl a very
In the s a m e ye a r 1 8 5 4 a powe r before u nk nown i n
world s h i story w a s cre a ted an d b rought i nto u se to s :
t o Free d o m all ou r terr i tor i es then o p e n by l a w to the pos s
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6
delus i o n an d th at the con te st between Freedo m and S l a very
i f such a contest were yet poss i ble m u st be c a rr i ed on out
s i de o f leg i sl a t i ve h a ll s
It m u st be a contest o n th e pr a i
r i es an d the power v i ctor i ou s there would i n d ue ti m e govern
the coun try
Was i t poss i ble to b r i ng these t w o k i n d s of c i v i l i z at i on
to a dec i s i ve struggl e
Was i t poss i ble t o a rou se the North to
e ff ect i ve res i st a n ce a fter m ore than th i rty ye ars of co nt i n
u o u s defe a t by the S outh
Du r i ng all th i s per i od of the successfu l aggress i on a n d
i ncreas i ng stre n gth of S l a v ery there was i n the North cor
respon d i ng a pprehe n s i on an d al a rm
O n the repe a l of the M i s
sour i Co m pro m i se th i s a pprehen s i on b eca m e desp ondency an d
th i s a lar m beca m e des pa i r
There were i n the Northern S tates two agen c i e s professedly
hosti le to Sl a very O n e w as pol i t i c a l and opposed S lavery
e xtens i on i n a legal w ay by m e a n s of leg i slat i ve restr i ct i o n
Th e other w a s se nt i m ent a l a n d contended for the ove rthrow
of Slavery by revolut i on ary m ethod s — ad vocat i ng the d i ssol u
t i on of th e U n i on a s the best an d only sur e w ay to th i s re
su lt
The fi rst of thes e two agen c i e s w a s the Fre e So i l
party wh i ch w as first for m ed i n 1 8 4 8 and pu t i n to shape for
pol i t i c a l a ct i on by t h e conven t i on th at no m i nated M a rt i n
Th i s new p arty
V an Bure n and Ch arles Franc i s Ada m s
drew i ts s u pporters i n a bout equ al nu m bers fro m the Wh i g a n d
D e m o c ra t i c p art i es w h i l e i t co m pletely absorbed a feeble pol i t i
cal organ i z a t i on wh i ch a t th e t i m e h a d a k i nd of n ebulous
e x i sten ce un der th e n a m e of the L i berty p arty
Fro m the t i m e of i ts creat i on i n 1 8 4 8 to the d ay of th e re
peal of the M i s sour i Co m pro m i se i n 1 85 4 the Free So i l p a rty
had scarcely i n cre ased at all e i t her i n i n fluen ce or n u m be rs
Its pu rpose w a s to i n sert i n every act of Congress O pen i ng
a terr i tory to settle m ent a p r ov i s i on to forever ex clude S l a very
"
Th i s see m ed to i t s supporters to be a leg a l p ra c t i
therefro m
cal way o i s t opp i n g the e x t ens i on of Sl a very by pre v en t i ng the
a
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The
W i l mo t Pro vi s o
'
.
m ak i ng
of m ore sl a ve st a tes Th i s n e w p a rty h a d n o sy m p a th y
whatever w i th d i su n i on i sts a n d proposed t o a c t a g a i nst Sl a very
i n a ccord a n ce w i th the L a w s t h e Con st i tut i o n a n d the U n i on
Bu t the S l a ve Power h a d a cqu i red su c h a scendency i n the
Govern m ent th a t the n e w p a rt y never once a ppl i ed i ts sl a very
ex clud i n g m ethod
O n the con tr a ry a fter s i x ye a rs of pol i t i cal
l i fe wh i ch we re s i x ye ars of a ct i ve e ffort a n d e a rnest appe a l s
for free l a bor i n ou r terr i tor i es i t w a s obl i ged t o w i tness
the co m plete overthro w a n d utter ru i n of i ts c a rd i n a l p r i nc i
ple i n the repe a l of the M i ssou r i Co m p ro m i se
Th i s a ct i on of
Con gress a t once con v i n ced th e n e w p a rty not o n ly of the f u
t il i t y of i ts m ethods but a lso of i ts own feeble ness and utte r
i n a b i l i ty to cope su ccessfu lly w i th S l a ve ry
Its le ad ers were s i le nt i n the i r d esp a i r or spoke o nly t o
l am ent the i r d efe a t a n d t he rap i dly appro a ch i ng cal a m i t i e s o f
the n a t i on The y had n o pl a n to propose for fu t ure a c t i on
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Th e r e w a s s i l e n c e d e e p a s d e a th
Wh i l e w e fl o a t e d o n o u r p a th
A n d t h e b o l d e s t h e l d h is b r e a th
F o r a t i me
.
,
8
Th e
l as t t i m e u p o n t h e g u a r an t e e d an d
a l l t h e u n s e ttl e d
a n d u n o rg a n i z e d p o rt i o n s o f
c e rt a i n l i b e rt i e s o f
t h e A m e r i c a n C o nt i n e n t th a t l i e wi th i n t h e j u r is d i c t i o n o f t h e
U n i t e d S t at e s T o m o r r o w s s u n w i l l r is e i n d i m e c l i p s e o v e r th e m
H o w l o n g th a t o b s c u r a t i o n s h al l l a s t i s k n o w n o nl y t o t h e P o w e r
th a t d i r e c t s a n d c o nt r o l s al l h u m a n e v e n t s F o r m y s e l f I k n o w o nly
th is th a t n o h u m a n p o w e r c an p r e v e n t i t s c o m i ng o n an d th a t i t s p as
s i n g o fl w i ll b e h as t e n e d an d s e c u r e d b y o th e r s th a n th o s e n o w h e r e
a n d p e rh a p s b y o nly th o s e b e l o ng i ng t o fu t u r e g e n e r a t i o n s
S i r i t w o u l d b e a l m o s t f a c t i o n s t o o ff e r fu rth e r r e s i s t a n c e t o
th is m e as u r e h e r e
In d e e d s u c c e ss fu l r e sis t a n c e w a s n e v e r ex
Th e S e n a t e is a n o l d b a ttl e gr o u n d
p e c t e d t o b e m a d e i n th is H a ll
o n w h i c h h a v e b e e n fo u gh t
m an y c o nt e s t s an d a l w a y s a t l e a s t
si n c e 1 8 2 0 wi th f o rt u n e a d v e r s e t o t h e c au s e o f e q u al a n d u n i v e r
s a l fr e e d o m
“
h as
s un
s et
fo
r
’
-
.
t he
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‘
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M r W a de s a i d
.
h u m i l i a t i o n o f t h e N o rth is c o m pl e t e a n d o v e r w h e l m i ng
S o u th e rn e n e m y o f h e r s c a n wis h h e r d e e p e r d e gr ad a t i o n
Th e
No
.
.
Mr Chase s a i d
.
T h is b i ll d o u b tl e ss p a v e s t h e w ay f o r t h e a ppr o
i n g an d p e rh ap s fa t a l d a ng e r s t o o u r c o u n try
,
Tr i bu n e , 1 4 th
Fro m the New York
M a rch
,
ac
h
o
l rm
f
new , a a
1 8 54
W e a s a n a t i o n a re r u l e d by t h e B l a c k P o w e r I t is c o m p o s e d o f
ty r a nt s S e e th e n h o w t h e N o rth is a l w a y s b ea t e n T h e B l a c k P o w e r
is a u n i t I t is a s t e ad y n e v e r f ai l i ng fo r c e It is a r e a l p o w e r Th u s
f a r i t h a s b e e n t h e o n ly u n v a ry i ng p o w e r o f t h e c o u n try f o r i t n e v e r
s u rr e n d e r s an d n e v e r w a v e r s I t h as a l w ay s g o v e r n e d an d n o w g o v
”
e rn s m o r e t h a n e v e r
.
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-
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.
The Ne w York Tr i bu n e i n an ed i tori a l on the 2 4 t h of Ju ne
well expressed the feel i ng of despondency a t the North
,
,
,
v e n b y a c c i d e nt is an y ad v a nt ag e l e ft f o r l i be rty in th e i r b i ll
It is al l b l ac kn e ss w i th o u t a si ngl e gl e a m o f l i ght a d e s e rt wi t h o u t o n e
s p o t o f v e r d u r e a c r i m e th a t c a n s h o w n o r e d e e m i ng p o i n t
No t
e
.
,
,
.
,
So
m u ch
the n for the pol i t i c a l a n t i sl a very
-
ag e n e v
.
E)
Th e
o t her a gen cy ag a i nst S l a ve ry w a s the sen ti m e nt a l o ne
est a bl i shed a n d led by W i ll i a m L loyd G a rr i son It w as m u ch
older than the one a l re a dy con s i dered bu t i nfer i or i n n u m b ers
and f a r m o re i n fer i or i n i n fluen ce Its ch a m p i ons a d voc a ted
”
—
corner sto ne o f al l true a nt i sl a ve ry
They
D i s n n i o n a s the
shall spe a k for the m selves
We n d el l Ph i ll i ps at the A A S Con ven t i o n i n the T a be rn a
cle Ne w York C i ty M a y 4 t h 1 8 4 8 o ffered th e follow i n g resol u
t i on wh i ch w a s p a ssed :
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’
-
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Th a t th is S o c i e ty d e e m s i t a d u ty t o r e i t e r a t e i t s c o n v i c t i o n s th a t
t h e o n ly e x o d u s o f t h e s l a v e o u t o f h is pr e s e nt h o u s e o f b o n d ag e i s
O V E R T H E R U I N S O F T H E P R E S E NT A M E R I C AN C H U R C H A N D T H E P R E S
E N T A M E R I C AN U N I O N
,
”
.
In May 1 8 5 6 Mr G a rr i s on o ffered the follow i ng res o l ut i on
a m eet i ng of the M a ss a chusetts An t i S l a very Soc i ety
,
,
at
.
-
“
gr e a t iss u e b e fo r e t h e c o u n t ry is T H E
D I SS O L U TI O N O F T H E U N I O N i n c o m p a r is o n w i th w h i c h a l l o th e r
is s u e s w i th t h e S l a v e P o w e r are a s d u s t i n t h e b a l a n c e ; th e r e f o r e w e
w i l l g i v e o u r s e l v e s t o t h e w o rk o f an n u l l i ng th i s c o v e n a nt w i th d e a th
as e ss e n t i a l t o o u r o w n i n n o c e n c y an d t h e s p e e d y an d e v e rl a s t i ng o v e r
”
th r o w o i t h e S l a v e Sy s t e m
R es
o
l v ed
:
T h at
t he
o ne
,
,
’
,
.
The follo w i ng w a s a lso adopted by the Abol i t i on i sts i n New
York C i ty i n Dece m ber 1 8 5 9
.
,
“
T h a t w e i n v i t e a fr e e c o rr e s p o n d e n c e w i th t h e D i s u n i o n
i s t s o f t h e S o u th i n o r d e r t o d e v i s e t h e m o s t s u i t a b l e w a
y a nd m e an s
t o s e c u r e t h e d i s s o l u t i o n o f t h e p r e s e n t i m p e r fe c t a n d i n gl o r i o u s u n i o n
b e t w e e n t h e fr e e a n d s l a v e S t a t e s
R es
o
l v ed
:
,
”
.
good m ot i ve s but the i r judg m ent was i nv a r i ably b ad
The i r
m ethods were everywhere co n de m n ed
They n ever a tt a i ned t o
th e d i gn i ty or i nfluen ce of a p arty or eve n a fa ct i on They
w ere a cab al a ct i ve n o i sy a n d pugn a c i o u s b ut n ever e ff ect i ve
B y the i r ow n show i ng a qu arter of a century spent i n d e n o u n c
i ng th e ch u rch the clergy an d th e U n i o n h a d acco m pl i shed n oth
Sl avery h a d g ro wn stron ger every d ay wh i le oppos i t i on
ing
to i t h ad n ot i n cre ased at all M ass a ch usetts was as sou n d a n
ant i slavery state before they w ere born as i t h as ever been
s i n ce B ut she was for leg a l a n d const i tut i on al m ethods on ly
a n d al ways for the U n i on
In 1 7 8 7 N a t h a n D a ne on e of ou r representat i ves i n Con gress
rev i ved the ord i n an ce i nt roduced th ree ye a rs e a rl i er by Tho m as
Je ff erson an d secured i ts p assage Th i s w as to m a ke the great
A l l th i s w as before Garr i
North West free terr i tory forever
son was born " But su ch ant i slavery act i on w as n ot repeated
dur i ng the en t i re per i od of M r G arri son s e fforts for d i su n i on
I n all th at t i m e Sl avery was u n restr i cted and m ade steady pro
gress
B ut so m e s ay h e wa s
th e fa ther of an t i sl avery
i n the U n i ted States
S o m e s ay Lu ndy was
So there
i s a d i spu te
M r A s ays Pon ce de L eon d i scovered A m er i ca
Mr B says n o i t w as P i z arro Wh i le A an d B get red i n the
face the rest of th e alph abet can a fford to re m a i n u n m oved
Slavery n ever h ad a legal e x i stence i n M ass a chusetts
The people never w a nted i t an d a lways hated i t
They
h a ted i ts adju n cts an d a tten dants of m an acle s blood hou nds
a n d a u ct i on blocks
as m u ch before G arr i son was born as they
d i d after h e h ad p i ctured the m i n the L i bera t o r for twenty fi v e
years Th i s i ncessan t p e e k i n g at the leaves a n d tw i gs of the
up as tree of Slavery see m ed to th e m to st i m ul a te r a ther
than retard i ts grow th The N orthern people arde ntly des i red
to destroy the tree i ts elf an d w ere ready t o adop t a n y legal an d
const i tut i on a l pl a n wh i ch m i ght d o th i s work
G a rr i son s
m ethod of c a s t i n g ou t a dev i l by spl i tt i ng the p a t i ent i n
t wo length w i se they d i d n o t approv e
for two re a son s
.
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-
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-
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W
5
3
1
L IE :
0 1
m
cu
t n
U U UUD
g
i n
n u
'
u c l u u u t
o ne who w i tnesses the e xh i b i t i o n i s an a ctor w i th i n
nds of the Abol i t i on i sts st i ll cl a i m th a t G a rr i so n a n d
Th i s
te s fou nded the L i berty a n d Free So i l p a r t i es
3e x a ct oppos i te of the tru th They opposed both of
an d h a ted the i r ch a m p i on s m ore th a n they hated
es
olders the m selves They con st a ntly a bu sed every
ti sl a very m a n who was not a d i sun i on i s t
A m pl e
s c a n be see n i n th e ed i tor i a ls of the L i ber a t o r a ga i n st
S a l m on P Ch ase and D r Bellows
i nn
Li ncoln
ad e
S u m ner an d W i lso n were not sp a red
A bout
f S u m ner s d eath M r Garr i son we n t before a c o m
h e M ass a ch usetts Leg i slatu re t o protest a g a i n s t ex
"
m e fool i sh resolut i on s on record den ounc i ng th a t
a tor
he cl a i m i n g that Mr Su m ner h ad n ot a m ounted
the a nt i sl a very struggle l T
"
Le t the Abol i t i on i sts d raw
prolong the descr i pt i on
ts They st i l l ex i st i n the colu m ns of the L i b
b i rth pl a ce a n d the sep ulch re of a l l the i r pl a n s a n d
e
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-
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-
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-
n
g
o
W o r c e s te r C o u nty So u th D ivi s i o n A S So c i e ty h e l d a t
1 8 6 0 Pa r k e r P i ll s bu ry o ffe r e d t h e fo ll o w i n g r e s o l u t i o n w h i c h
f the
1 2,
.
.
,
,
r e c e tly p bl i h e d p e h e f C h rl S m n r w e
f A meri
be w i l d e r i n g
d d e p r vi n g e ff e c t
p l i ti
d f
h o l d r —t h e fo r m r m d e i t h U S S a t be i g a f r
t t h e fi e h d d b rb ri m
f l ve ry
d r p d i t d by
li
i m;
d t h l tt e r
f ll d m i i o f t h e c
ti
d
rg m nt i fa x
l tio o f
e l q e nt
f th
g
o f wh m b li v
i
l v h t i g w ll
lm ld i m
l
i n th i r p l t f m th t t h o bl J h Br w a n e o f
”
h lte r
e v r d i e d by
at
i n t he t w o
u
n
an
e
e
v
-
ea
an
e
e
a
e
i ts ,
page
a
u
a
n s
o r
a
r t ra
e
e
c
s
a
a
a
66
3
.
.
e
s
a
u
o
o
n
a
an
an
e
Po
e
o
o
a
,
e
can s
,
s
a
s
s
s
e
s
a
u
e
-
e
n
can
o
’
a
a
s s
o r
n
as
e
o
u
cs
e,
e
,
e
u
a e
o ns
o
e
as
n
o
o
o u
o n
e
,
an
n
an
,
n
un
es
en
.
o
a
s
e ec
n
a xe -
n n
n
s
o
12
v
purposes Th a t p aper i s also an a rs e n a l a m p l v s u fl i c i e n t to
furn i sh ar ms to a m i ll i o n of the i r assa il ants It g i ves a bu nd a nt
proof of the follow i n g state m en ts
W i th all the i r kee n ness of v i s i on the Abol i t i on i sts n eve r s a w
W i th all the i r e loquence they never a d v o
a nyth i ng as i t was
W i th al l the i r p rOp h e t i c
c a t e d any c au se to a su cce ssful i ssue
power an d pr a ct i ce they n ever pred i cted any eve nt w h i ch c am e
to p ass W i th all the i r love of freedo m they con stantly i n
creased the b urden s of the sl aves
De m and i ng i mm ed i a te e m an
Con
c i p a t i o n they strove to retard the overthrow of sl a very
te nd i ng for the d i ssol ut i on of the U n i on as the only m e a ns of
d estroy i ng S l avery th ey saw S l a very destroyed not on ly w i thou t
the i r a i d b u t a ga i nst the i r protest wh i le the U n i on w as preserved
*
m
m
ade
per
anen
t
an
d
h
ar
on
i
ou
s
In cessan tly d enounc i ng
m
an d
.
,
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,
.
.
,
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,
.
,
,
,
.
fo ll o
Th e
*
th
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ive i n i t s t t m e nt th t i t m y
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a pp r o p r i t e ly be
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at e
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.
M R Tl l A Y E R
.
M ILL B U R Y N o
,
v
2 o t h , 1 88 6
.
.
,
D e r S i r :—W h e t h e F re e S o i l P rty w s fo r m e d i n 48 G rr i s o n a d
n d fa i l e d t o
c rry a s i n g l e t o w n i n N ew
h i s p rty h d l bo r e d s e ve nt e e n ye r s
Eng l n d I e ye r w e p t n i n ety m e m be rs i nt o t h e Le g i s l t re t h s ec o n d y r
— C h rl e s
J p it
T
d t h e th i r d ye a r p u t
es t e
C nty
w e c rr i e d \V o
S m ne r—i nt t h ve ry c i t d l o f t h e s l ave p o w e r Th e n t co nve nt i o n i W o r
c e s t e r W i l s n h d t h e p rty c hr i te n e d t h e Re p u bl i c a n P rty w i th t h e s m e F r e e
S o i l p l t fo r m a d o th t w e e l e ct e d L i nco ln P r e s i d e nt n d b e a bo l i h e d Sl v ry
I
ll th i s w e h a d t h e bi tt e r O pp o s i t i o n o f G rr i s o n n d h i s p rty w h i ch fin lly
a d e t e r m i n e d e ffo rt t o br e k u p
c l s p e d h a n d s w i th t h e D i u n i o n i s t s o f t h e S o u th i
b l i h i g l ve ry t h e y w o l d h
H d th e y s
ce e d e d s o
f r fr o m
e
t he U n io n
v s tly xt d d i t Th d e i g n o f t h S o th w s t o co p i N e w Me x i o A r i zo n
d th u b i l d u p
I d i n T rr i to ry Ut h d S o u th e rn C l i f rn i
g r e at S u th e rn
E m p i r e fo n d e d Sl ve ry I e nc l o s e t h e re s l u t i o n i w h i h th ey p r e p o e d t h e
ll i an ce A co mm itte e w s ch o s e n d I th i n k M D C o nw y w as h i r
u nh o ly
S e c e i n m o ve m e n t s s o n f t e r
m h
Th e c o rre s po n de n ce w as n e ve r p bl i s h e d
nd
l i t tl ve r y r t h e w a bro k e o t I t w
u pp r s s d
c o m m e nc e d a d i
l ave ry abo l i h d by t h e p tr i o t i c U i S e t i m e t f t h N o t h w h i h a l w y w
i t s p r e d m i n nt p l i t i c l s e nt i m e nt
D o w n w i th t h e D i i o n i s t s ;
D e th t o
tr i to r l ve ry o r n o s l ave ry w e r e t h e c r i e s th at r ang thro gh t h e r n k s ; d f r
At l e n g th i t w s d i c o ve r d th at t h e
a l n g t i m e t h e a r my r e t u rn e d fu g i t i ve s l ve s
re be l s w e re u s i n g th e i r s l ave s s a m e n s o f s tr e n gt h w h i h m d e th e m o ntr b n d
Th e n th e i r o b t i n t e r i s t n e c r t e d m i l i t ry
o fw r
d l i bl e t o co n fi c t i o n
ne c s s ity an d o th e s e t wo p r i nc i p l e s rath e r th n by y th r i ty i t he U n i te d
St t e s C n s t i t u t i o n Pr e s i de t Li nco ln i s s u e d h i pr o c l m t i o n
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the clergy and churches of the Northern St a tes a s the upholders
of S lavery they l i ved t o see the m a m ong the fore m ost le a ders i n
i ts d es truct i on by the m ethod s O f the E m i gr a nt A i d Co m p a ny
wh i ch the Abol i ti on i sts h ated r i d i cu led a n d opposed
No other fr a tern i ty o f m oun teb a nk s ever l i ved so long or
worked so h a rd or d i d so l i ttle
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
Dur i ng the w i n te r o f 1 8 5 4 I w a s for the second t i m e a Rep
re s e n t a t i v e f ro m W orcester i n the L eg i sl a ture of M a ss a chusetts
I h a d f e l t to s om e deg ree the gen er a l al a r m i n a nt i ci p a
t i on o f the repe a l of the M i ssour i Co m pro m i se but not
the depress i o n and desponden cy th a t s o a fle c t e d o thers who re
g a rded the c a u s e of l i berty as h opelessly lost As the
w i nter wore away I bega n t o h ave a con v i ct i on wh i c h ca m e to
b e eve r prese nt th a t so m e t h i n g m u s t be don e to end the do m i
n a t i on of S lavery I felt a perso n al respo n s i b i l i ty and though
I long struggled to evade the quest i on I f ound i t to b e i m p o s s i
ble
I pondered upo n i t by d ay an d d re a m ed of i t by
n i gh t
By wh at pl a n could th i s gre a t proble m be solved "
Wh a t force co u ld be eff ect i vely O pposed to the power th at see m
ed abou t to spread i tself over the co nt i nent
S udden ly
i t ca m e upon m e l i ke a revel a t i on
It w as O R G A N I "ED A N D
f
The n cam e the que st i o n w as i t poss i
A SS I STE D E M IG R A T IO N
,
,
.
,
‘
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
.
,
l i t i o n i t o pp o e d h i e l e t i o n
d b ing
r e i t nts w e r e r a r l y
fo u n d i t h r k s
d th e y th u s f i l d fo r t h m o t p rt t o be co m e i d e nt i fi d w i th
t i v fo rc s th t bo l i s h e d s l ve ry
t he
t w e nty ye r s t h e p re s h be e n te e m i n g w i th th i r e fl o
A d y e t fo
p e try
d p r o s e t o co nv i n c e t h e w o rl d th t th y bo l i s h e d s l ve ry "Th e y h ve
d p ro d c e w r o n g i m p r e i o n
f l i fy h i s t o ry
t h ri i n g g e n r
d o n e m ch t
t i n A d ty d e vo lve s o tho s e w h o k no w t h e f c ts t o
t e r c t a d s t b c k th i s
t i de B t h o w h ll i t be d o n e " W h e re i s t he p r s th t c he e nl i t d "
I h d a l o n g c o ntr ve r s y w i th O l i ve r J hn o n ; h e fin lly j m p e d t h e f n c e d
r d fr o m t h e fi l d d e l r i n g h e n ev r m d e t h e i e th t G rr i o
cl
bo l i h e d
l ve ry Th e e d i to r ( S l ac k ) s i d h e di d H e bo s te d f b i n g m e m be r f t h e
In t h e G r e e l ey c a m p i g n f 7 2 g i n t G r a nt h l bo re d w i th
R e p bl i c n P rty
d th e y c a rr i e d s i x S th e rn s t t e s b t n o N o rth e rn
ll i e s
Th t
h i s S o u th e r
“
i
Y o r R e p e t f lly
h
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y
A H W A TE R S ”
3Th e K n
m i gr t io n w
ll y s e l f
e m ph t i
ifi i g m i g r t i n
p w
n k o w i h i t ry A l l p re vi s e m i g r t i o n h d be e i th e r f rc d o
r h i th e rt o
v l t ry d i f v l u nt ry w re l f ki g
Th e
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14
bl e to create su ch an agen cy to save Ka n s as
I bel i eved
the t i m e for such a nob l e a n d h ero i c develop m en t h a d
com e b ut could hope be i nsp ir ed an d the p uls at i o n s of l i fe be
st a rted be neath the r i bs of death " The proj ected p l a n would
call u pon m e n t o r i sk l i fe a n d property i n establ i sh i n g free d o m
i n K a n sas
They wou l d b e called to p ass over m i ll i on s of
acres of better l an d th an any i n the d i sputed terr i tory w a s
s u pposed to be an d where peace an d plenty were assured
to m eet the revolver an d the bow i e kn i fe defen d i n g S lavery an d
ass a i l i n g Freedo m
C ould su ch m e n he foun d th ey would
certa i nly prove the m selves to b e t he v ery h i ghest typ e of Chr i s
t i an m anhood as m uch a bove all oth er e mi gr a nts as angels are
a bove m e n
Co u l d su ch m e n h e found "
It h appen ed th at on the even i ng of the 1 1 t h of M arch 1 8 5 4
there w as a l arge m eet i ng i n the C i ty Hal l i n Worcest e r to pro
t est a ga i nst th e p ass a ge of the K a ns a s Nebrask a B i ll
and
the repe al of the M i ssou r i Co m prom i se
I attend ed the m eet
i ng and not h av i ng yet t ake n counsel of anyon e dete rm i n ed to
see how the pl a n wou l d be rece i ved by a n i n tel l i gent Ne w En g
lan d aud i e n ce w i th out any preparat i on for th e an nou n ce
A ccord i ng l y m ak i ng the last speech of the even i ng
m e nt
I for the first t i m e d i sclosed the pl an
The Worcester S p y of
t h h a s the con clus i o n of m y speech as follows
M arc h 1 3
,
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
I t i s t i m e n o w t o th i nk o f w h a t i s t o b e d o n e i n t h e e v e nt o f t h e
p as s ag e o f t h e K a n s as N e b r as k a B i ll N o w is t h e t i m e t o o rg an i z e an
th a t w i l l u tt e r ly d e fe a t t h e s c h em e s o f t h e s e lfi s h m e n
o pp o s i t i o n
L e t e v e ry e ffo rt b e m a d e
w h o m is r e pr e s e nt t h e n a t i o n at W a s h i n gt o n
a n d e v e ry a p pl i a n c e b e b r o u gh t t o b e a r t o fi l l u p th a t v a s t a n d f e rt i l e
te r r i t o ry w i th fr e e m e n
w i th m e n w h o
h a t e s l a v e ry an d w h o
wi l l d r i v e t h e h i d e o u s th i ng fr o m t h e b r o ad an d b e au t i ful pl ai n s w h e r e
th e y g o t o r ais e th e ir fr e e h o m e s "
Lo u d c h e e rs "
“ I
f o r o n e a m w i ll i n g t o b e t a x e d o n e fo u rth o f m y t i m e o r o f m y
e a r n i ng s u nt i l th is b e d o n e — u nt i l a b a r ri e r o f f r e e h e ar t s a n d s tr o ng
h a n d s s h a l l b e b u i l t a r o u n d t h e l a n d o u r fa th e rs c o ns ec r a t e d t o fr e e d o m
Lo u d c h e e r s "
t o b e h er h e r i t ag e fo r e v e r
"
-
.
,
.
,
’
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
If i n ste a d of th i s i mpetuous spontaneou s a n d e nthus i ast i c re
s p o n s e ther e h a d b e en on ly a m odera t e ap p robat i on o f the pl an
,
,
15
you wou l d n ever h ave heard of the E m i g rant Ai d Co m p a ny
The c i ti zen s of Worce ster were spon sors a t i ts b apt i s m a n d u p
o n the i r j udg m e nt I i m pl i c i tly rel i ed a n d 1 w a s not d ece i ved
I d i d not ex pect th at all who a ppl a uded would go to K a nsas or
e ve n th a t a n y o f the m would go b ut I kn e w that wh a teve r a
Worce ster aud i ence would a pplaud i n th a t m a n ner I could fi n d
There was no m ore doubt i n my m i nd fro m
m en to perfor m
th a t t i m e
W i thout fu rther d el ay I drew up the ch a rte r of the
M assa
”
an d by perso n a l sol i c i tat i on
c h u s e t t s E m i gr a n t A i d Co m p a ny
I i ntrod uced the m atter i n the Leg i s
s ecu red the corpor a tors
l at u re a n d h a d i t re fer red to the co m m i ttee on the j ud i c i ary of
wh i ch J a mes D Colt a fterwards a j u st i ce of the S t a te S upre m e
Co u rt w as ch a i r m a n
At the he a r i ng I a ppeared before the
co m m i ttee a n d s a i d i n beh alf of the p e t t i o n
.
,
.
,
,
,
i
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
.
,
.
Th i s is a pl a n t o p r e v e n t t h e fo r m i ng o f a n y m o r e s l a v e s t a t e s I f
y o u w i l l g i v e u s t h e c h a rt e r th e r e s h a ll n e v e r b e a n o th e r s l a v e s t a t e a d
m i t t e d i nt o t h e U n i o n
In t h e h a l l s o f C o ngr e s s w e h a v e b e e n i nv a
ri a bl y b e a t e n f o r m o r e th a n th i rty y e a r s a n d i t is n o w t i m e t o c h a ng e
t h e b a ttl e g r o u n d fr o m C o ng r e s s t o t h e p r a i r i e s w h e r e w e s h a l l i nv a
"
ri a b l y t r i u m ph
.
.
,
-
,
.
Mr Colt repl i ed
.
s i sted of El i Th ayer Ale x ander H Bullock a n d Edw a rd E H a le
of Worce ster R i ch ard H i ldreth a n d Ot i s Cl app of Boston
They m ade a report at a n a dj ou rned m eet i n g show i ng the pro
posed o p erat i on of th e e nterp r i se of wh i ch th e follow i ng i s a n
e x tract :
,
.
.
,
.
,
E m i gr a n t
Ai d
C o m p a ny
h as b e
en i nco
r p o rat e d t o p r o t e c t e m i
g rant s a s far a s m ay b e fr o m t h e i n c o n v e n i e n c e s w e h a v e e n u m e r a t e d
I t s d u ty i s t o o rg a n iz e e m i g r a t i o n t o t h e W e s t an d b r i ng i t i nt o a s y s
T h is d u ty w h i c h s h o u l d h a v e b e e n a tt e m pt e d l o ng ag o is
t em
p a rt i c u l a rly e ss e nt i a l n o w i n t h e c r i t i ca l p o si t i o n o f t h e W e s t e r n
T e rr i t o r i e s
Th e L e g is l a t u r e h as gr a nt e d a c h a rt e r wi th a c a p i t a l suffi c i e nt f o r
th e s e p u rp o s e s T h is c a p i t al is n o t t o e x e c e d
In n o si ngl e
y e a r a re as s e ss m e nt s t o a l a rg e r am o u nt th a n t e n p er c e nt t o b e c all e d
T h e c o rp o r a t o r s b e l i e v e th a t i f t h e c o m p a ny b e o rg a n iz e d at o n c e
fo r
t h e s t o c k a m o u nt s t o
t he
a s s o o n as t h e s u b s c r i p t i o n s t o
a nn u al i n c o m e t o b e d e r i v e d fr o m th a t a m o u n t an d t h e s u b s e q u e nt s u b
m ay b e s o a pp r o p r i a t e d a s t o re n d e r m o s t e ss e nt i a l s e r vi c e
s c ri p t i o n s
t o t h e e m i gr a nt s ; t o p l an t a fr e e s t a t e i n K a n s as t o t h e l a s t i ng a d v an t
t h e s t o c kh o l d
ag e o f t h e c o u ntry ; a n d t o r e t u r n a h a n d s o m e p r o fi t t o
e rs u p o n th e ir i nv e s t m e nt
Th e
.
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
v i e w i t is r e c o mm e n d e d 1 s t th a t t h e
wi th s o m e o n e o f t h e c o m p e t i ng l i n e s
D i re cto rs
o f t r a v e l f o r t h e c o n v e y a n c e o f t w e nty th o u s a n d p e r s o n s f r o m t h e
n o rth e r n a n d m i d d l e s t a t e s t o th a t p l a c e i n t h e W e s t w h i c h t h e D i re c
t o r s s h all s e l e c t f o r th e i r fi r s t s e ttl e m e n t
To
m pl is h t h e o b j e c t i n
c o ntr ac t i mm e d i a t e ly
ac c o
,
,
,
.
,
17
It i s b e l i e ve d
th a t p as s ag e m ay b e o b t a i n e d in s o l a rg e a c o n t rac t
at h a l f t h e p ri ce p a i d b y in d i v i d u a l s
W e r e c o mme n d th a t e m i gr a n t s
r e c e iv e t h e f ull ad v an t ag e o f th is d i m i n u t i o n i n p ri c e a nd th a t th e y b e
f o rw a r d e d in c o m p a n i e s o f t w o h und r e d as th e y a pply a t th e s e re
d u c e d r at e s o f t r av e l
I t is re c o m me n d e d th a t at s u c h p o i n t s a s t h e D i r ec t o r s s e l e c t
2d
f o r pl ac e s o f s e ttl e m e n t t h e y s h a ll a t o n c e c o n s tr u c t a b o a rd i ng h o u s e
o r r e c e i vi n g h o u s e i n w h i c h th r e e h u n d r e d p e rs o n s m ay r e ce i v e t e m
—
a
an d t h a t t h e n u m b e r o f su c h
a
t
i
n
n
th
e
i
r
rr
i
v
l
d
a
o
o
o
r
mm
o
ar
ac
c
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p
y
Th e n e w c o m e r s o r th e i r
h o us e s b e e n l arg e d as n ec e ssi ty m ay d i c t a t e
f am i l i e s m ay th u s b e p r o vi d e d f o r i n t h e n e c ess a ry i n t e r v a l w h i c h
e l a p s e s w h i l e th e y are m a k i ng th e ir s e l e c t i o n o f a l o c a t i o n
“
I t is r e c o m m e n d e d th a t t h e D i re c t o rs p r o c u re a n d s e n d f o r
3
d
w a r d s t e a m s a w m i i l s an d su c h o th e r m ac h i n es as s h a ll b e o f c o n s ta n t
s e rv i c e i n a n e w s e ttl e me n t w h i c h ca n n o t h o w e v e r be p urc h as e d o r
T h e s e m ac h i n e s m ay
c a rri e d o u t c o nv e n i e n t ly b y i n d i vi d u al se tt l e rs
At t h e s am e t i me i t is d e
b e l ea s e d o r ru n b y t h e c o m p a ny s a g e n t s
sir ab l e th a t a p r i nt i ng p r e s s b e s e n t o u t an d a w e e kly ne ws p ap e r
Th i s w o u l d b e t h e o rg an o f t h e c o m p an y s ag e nt s ; w o u l d
e s t a b l is h e d
e x t e n d i n fo r m a t i o n r e g ar d i ng i t s s e ttl e m e n t ; a n d b e fr o m t h e v e r y fi rs t
an i n d e x o f th a t l o v e o f f r e e d o m and o f g o o d m o ral s w hi c h i t i s t o b e
h o p e d m ay c h ar a c te ri z e t h e S t a t e n o w t o b e f o r m e d
4t h
I t is rec o m m e n d e d \t h at t h e c o m p an y s ag e n t s l o c at e an d t a k e
u p fo r t h e c o m p a n y s b e n e fi t t h e s e c t i o n s o f i an d i n w h i c h t h e b o a r d i ng
h o u s e s an d m i ll s are l o c at e d an d n o o th e rs
An d f ur th e r th a t w h e n
e v e r t h e T e r ri to ry s h a l i b e o r g a n i z e d a s a F r e e S t a t e
t h e D ire c t o rs
s h all d is p o s e o f al l i t s i nt e re s ts t h e n re p l a c e by t h e s al e s t h e m o n e y
l a i d o u t d e c l a r e a d ivi d e n d t o t h e s to c kh o l d e r s a n d
5 th
Th at th e y th e n s e l e c t a n e w fi e l d a n d m a k e si m i l a r a rr a ng e
m e n ts f o r t h e s e ttl e m e n t a n d o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a n o th e r F re e S t a te o f th is
U ni o n
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Und er
pl a n p r o p o s e d i t wi l l be b u t t w o o r th re e y e a rs b e fo r e
t h e C o m p a ny ca n d i s p o s e o f i t s p r o p e r ty i n t h e t e rri t o ry fi r s t o c c u p i e d
A t th a t t i m e i n a S ta t e o f
a n d r e i m b u r s e i ts e lf f o r i t s fi rs t e xp e n s e s
i nh a b i t a n t s i t wi ll p o ss e ss s e v e ral r e s e rv at i o n s o f 6 40 a c r e s
e ac h o n w h i c h a re bo a r d i ng h o u s e s an d m i ll s a n d t h e c h u r c h e s a n d
s c h o o l s w h i c h i t h as r e n d e r e d n e c e ss a ry Fr o m th e s e c e nt e rs w i ll t h e
s e ttl e m e n ts o f t h e S t a te h av e r a d i a te d In o th e r w o r d s th e s e p o i n t s
I f th e r e
w i l l t h e n b e t h e l a rg e c o mm e r c i a l p o s i t i o n s o f t h e n e w S t a t e
w e r e o nly o n e su c h i t s v al u e a fte r t h e r e g i o n s h o u l d b e s o f ar p e o pl e d
w o u l d m ak e a v e ry l a rg e d i v i d e n d t o t h e c o m p any w h i c h s o l d i t
t he
,
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,
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th a t a m e e t i ng o f t h e s t o c kh o l d e r s b e c all e d o n
t h e fi r s t W e d n e s d a y i n Ju n e t o o rg a n i z e t h e c o m p a ny f o r o n e y e a r
an d t h a t t h e c o rp o r a t o r s a t th is t i m e m a k e a t e m p o r a ry o rg a n i z a t i o n
w i th p o w e r t o o b t a i n s u b s c r i p t i o n s t o t h e s t o c k a n d m a k e a n y n e c e s
s a ry pr e l i m i n ary a r r ang em e n t s
E LI TH AY E R
“
re c o
i t is
mme nd ed
,
,
,
,
.
,
Fo
r
t h e Co
mm i t t e e
’
.
It w i ll be seen by th e abov e t h a t the e nterpr i s e was i ntended
to be a m oney m ak i n g a fi a i r a s well a s a p h i l a n t hrO p i c u n d e rt ak
i ng
The fact that we i n ten ded to m ake i t p ay the i nvestors
p e cun i ar i ly brought upon u s the reproaches and conde mn a ti on
o f so m e of th e Abol i t i on i sts a t l e a st on e of whom decl ared i n
m y hear i ng th at h e h a d rath e r g i ve over t h e terr i tory t o Slavery
than to m ake a cent out of the o p erat i on o f s a v i n g i t to Freedo m
In all m y e m i grat i on sche m es I i nten ded to m ake the results re
tu rn a profitabl e d i v i de nd i n cash
In pursu a n ce of the l ast reco m m en d a t i on of the above report
th e corpor a tors m ade a te m porary org a n i z at i on by the cho i ce of
El i Th ayer as Pres i d ent p r o t em a n d Dr Thom a s H Webb of
Boston as Secretary ; an d ope ned book s of subscr i pt i on i n Bos
ton Worce ster an d N e w York
The cap i tal stock of the Massach u setts Com pany w a s or i g i
n a l ly fi x ed at
fro m w h i ch i t was proposed t o collect
for the ope rat i o n s of 1 8 5 4 as
a n as se ss m ent of four per cent
soo n a s
B ooks for stock sub
h a d bee n subscr i be d
s c ri p t i o n s were ope ned and the u n dertak i n g was fa i rly started
I felt confiden t th at e ven a few co l on i es fro m the North w ould
m ake the f reedo m of Kansas a necess i ty ; for the whole powe r
o f the free states wou l d be rea d y to protect the i r son s i n t h a t
terr i tory
I at on ce h i red C h ap m an H all i n Bosto n and began t o spe a k
day an d e ve n i n g i n f a vor of the en terp r i se I a l so a ddressed
m eet i ngs elsewhere and l abored i n eve ry poss i bl e w ay to m ake
converts t o m y theory
‘
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19
a ne w plan p ropose d bu t i t wa s advocated by
n e w argu m en ts so m e p o i nts o f wh i ch were as follow s
The p rese nt cr i s i s w as to dec i de whether Freedo m or S lave ry
m
ho
ld
rule
ou
r
cou
ntry
for
ce
ntur
i
es
to
co
e That Sl a v ery
u
s
w a s a great n at i o nal curse ; that i t pract i c ally ru i n ed on e h alf
of the n at i on an d gre atly i m peded the progre s s of the other half
Th at i t w as a curse to the negro b u t a m uch greater curse t o
whi te m e n
It m ade the sl aveholders p etty tyrants who h ad n o
correct i de a o f th e mselves or of anybody else It m ade t he poor
w h i tes of the S outh m ore abj ect and degraded than the slaves
the mselves Th at i t was an i nsur m ou n t a b le obstacle i n the w ay
of the n at i on s p rogress an d p rosperi ty That i t m u s t b e over
That t h e way t o do th i s w as t o go to the
co m e a nd e x t i rp a t ed
p ra i r i e s of Kan s a s and show the s u p e ri or i ty o f f ree l abor c i v i l i z
a t i on ; to go w i th all our free l abor tro p h i e s ; ch u rche s an d
s chool s p ri nt i n g presses , stea m en g i ne s an d m i ll s ; and i n a
p ea ce fu l c on te st con v i nce every poo r m an f ro m the South of the
free l abor Th at i t w as much better t o g o an d d o
free l abor th a n to s t ay at hom e an d talk of m an a
o n b lock s and bloo d hou nd s , w h i le dep lor i ng th e
That i n th i s contest th e
avery
We had m uch grea t e r
s ucce ss
gre ate r we alth great er read i ness o f o rgan i z ati on
That we should p ut a cordo n
an d bette r fac i l i t i e s of m i grat i on
of Free S tate s f ro m M i n nesota to th e G ulf o f Mex i co and stop
the for m i ng o f S l a ve S t a tes After that we should colon i ze the
northern border S lave S tates an d e xter m i n ate S l avery Th at ou r
work was not to m ake wo m
e n an d ch i ldre n cry i n ant i slavery
co nvent i ons by sent i m en tal appeals , 13
0 1 To G O AN D P UT AN E N D
No t
o nl y w as
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-
‘
,
SLAV E RY
'
ro
4
'
an d
is
Th e
we
“
.
G a rr is o n i ans
re
led i
nto
ma
h e re g ive n :
“
v rybo dy an d eve ryt hi n g o u t s i d e o f the ir l i ttl e c li q u e
ny r i d i cu l o u s i nco s i s te n c i es A s pe c i m e n d i s u n i o n re s o l u t i o n
O
ppo
s ed e e
,
n
.
Th at i n o r j u d g m e nt t h e d i s s o l u t i o n o f t h e p r es e nt U n i o n w i th t h e
p re s e nt s t h e o nly p e ac e abl e r em e dy fo r t h e e v i l s o f s l ve ry an d
s l av e h o l d i n g s t a t e s
t h e s ur e s t p l e d g e o f i t s e nt i r e abo l i t i o n ; i n as m u c h as th e n t h e s l ave h o l d e r s u n bl e
”
e
s
o
e
s
a
u
e
s
d
m
d
o
d
s
e
e
a
m
s
o
m
c
th i r l v
t vi i mm i t e eas u re f r e an i pat i o n e t c
al n e t o h l
R es o l v e d :
u
,
a
,
,
,
,
,
,
,
a
.
20
At
the close of on e of the m eet i ngs i n Bosto n a m a n i n the
re a r of th e h all arose and an n ou n ced h i s i nte nt i on of s u b s c rib
i ng
tow a rds the cap i tal stock of the co m p a ny Th i s
was Joh n M S W i l l i a m s of C am br i dgepo rt w h o was a fter
w ard s prom i nently co nnected w i th t h e E m i grant A i d C o m pany
Ch a rles Fr a n c i s Ada m s ca m e forward w i th a subscri pt i o n of
and others followed It was at on e o f th e Chap m an
H a ll m eet i ngs th a t I first saw Charles Rob i n so n ( afterwards
G overn or of K a ns a s ) an d eng a ge d h i m to act as age nt of the
E mi gran t A i d Co m pany i n Kansas A w i ser and m ore s aga
c i on s m an for th i s work could n o t have bee n fou n d w i th i n the
bor d ers of th e n a t i on
Tow a rds t h e end of May leav i ng the subscr i p t i o n books w i th
the secret a ry of the co m pany I we nt to Ne w York t o
secure the a i d and co o perat i on of pro m i ne nt ge ntle m e n of
I called u pon Horace Greeley an d set forth the pl a n
t hat c i ty
i n al l i ts d eta i ls
Th e m a tter was en t i rely n e w to hi m
and m ade a m ost favor a bl e i m press i on on h i s j udg m ent
H e u nhes i tat i ngly gave i t h i s h eart i es t support and en tered
i nto the sche m e w i th great enthu s i as m
The Ne w York
Tr i bu n e of M ay 2 9 t h 1 8 5 4 conta i ned a lengthy acco u nt of the
org a n i z a t i o n an d purpose of th e M assachu setts E m i gr a nt
A i d Co m p a ny w i th th e ch arter an d report o f the co m m i t
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Wh en h o weve r t h e Em i g r nt A i d C o m p ny nn o u n c e d i t s p u r po s e t o fo r m
a n d th u s p r e ve nt b
a c r d o n o f fr e e St a te s a r o u n d t h e s l ave t e rr i t o ry
y c t l o cc u
l
n
d
a d
i
o
t
e s t t h e s p r e a d o f S l ve ry t h e G rr i o n i n s t u rn e d s q u r e ly ar o
t
p
f ce d t h e o th e r w y s w i tn e s s t h e fo ll o w i n g R e o l u t i o n :
“
o f s t rv i n g l ve ry t o d e th by
Th t t h e i d
lv d
o n fin i n g i t w i th i n i t s
R
p r e s e nt l i m i t s i i n vi e w o f t h e f c t th at t h e l rg e r p rt o f t h e te rr i t o ry lre dy e
as ye t
v i r g i n s o i l o n w h i ch i t c g r o w n d f tte n fo r
c u r e d t o t h e Sl v e P o w e r i s
g e s t o co m e ; a m o s t d n g ro u s d e l s i o n ”
Pr o f S p r i n g i n h i s h i to ry o f K n s s l u d i c r o u l y s p e a k s o f t h e G arr i s o n i n s s
s o l i t ary k n i g ht s be s tr i d i n g
T h w i n g d H i p p o g i fl R f rm
H e e rrs h o w ev e r i n s yi n g th t t h e i nt e g r at i o n o f t h e N o rth e rn Ant i Sl ve ry s e
Th ey n e ve r d i d nyth i n g b t d i i nte g r te i t by ch n g i n g
t i m e t w s d u e t o th e m
Th e i nte g r t i
o f t he
fe w w e k m i n d d Ant i S l ve ry m e i nt o r bi d Di u t o i t s
d t he me an s th at
o nt
N o rth e r n s e nt i m e nt w as b r ght ab o u t by t h e K a n s a
t
s u t i ne d it
a
,
,
a
a
o
a
a
n, a
a
a
a
e
es o
:
.
s
ea
a
e
n
,
a
a
e
-
a
.
n
c
a
a
an
a
'
r
,
a
.
u
s
s
n
n s
s
a
’
e o
-
n
s
a
s
,
a
a
a
a
a
o u
s
a
e
.
-
u
.
a
a
a
,
u
s
,
,
a
a
,
e
a
,
,
,
s
a
a
a
.
a
s
,
a
s
a
a
,
a
,
ua
a
,
c
a
a
a
,
a
.
es
an
n
o n
a
22
Ne w York I had no d iffi culty i n e nl i s t i ng suppor t ers of th e
sche m e a m ong the m ost pro m i n e nt a n d i n fluen t i al c i t i ze ns
as the foll ow i ng n am es w i l l show
These gentle m e n a tten
ded my m ee t i n gs and a i ded l i ber a lly i n a pecu n i ary w ay to fur
ther the cause
Cyrus Cu rt i s Moses H Gr i n n ell George W Blunt Joh n A
K i ng ( Pres i den t of Colu m b i a College ) E D Morg a n D a v i d
Dudley F i eld S i m eon Draper Is a ac D ayton Benj am i n W Bon
ney Le Grand L ock wood Joh n B i gelow Wi ll i a m C Noyes
R W Bl a tchford L u c i u s Rob i n son H A C h i ttenden
These
gentle m en w ere the he a rt i est en dorsers of the enterpr i se They
were of all shades of pol i t i cal op i n i on
At a m eet i n g held i n the p a rlors o f George W Bl u nt afte r I
had exp l a i ned the m eth ods a n d purposes of the E mi gr a n t A i d
Co m p any how i f properly supported i t would secu re freedo m
t o Kan sas a n d to al l th e terr i tor i es an d th a t Slavery thus c i r
c u m s c rib e d would lose i ts pol i t i cal power a n d be doo m ed t o
speedy e x t i nct i on a tall a n d g au nt you ng m a n a m ong m y
h e a rer s arose an d sa i d :
I have been called a Hunker Wh i g
I h ave wa i ted
bu t I a m n o fr i end to th e e xten s i o n of sl a very
f o r a ch a n ce to act ag a i n st i t i n a leg a l a n d con st i tut i on a l w ay
Now for the first t i m e i n m y l i fe I have l i ste ned t o a pr a ct i cal
eluc i d at i on of the sl a very quest i on i nvolv i ng no questi on a ble
‘
S o Hun k e r Wh i g though I a m c a lled and poor
m ethods
for I a m not w orth m ore th a n four
m an though I a m
thousan d d oll a rs — I w i ll now g i ve Mr Th ayer m y check for
”
the E m i gr a nt A i d Co m pany for o n e thous a nd doll a rs
I
i nqu i red the n a m e of the gentle m an a n d s o m e on e repl i ed
”
“ WI
Ev a ns
In 1 8 7 7 Mr Evarts sen t a m ess a ge
LL I A M M
“
to m e s ay i ng :
Tell Mr Th aye r th a t th at thous a nd dollar
”
s ubscr i pt i on w a s the best i nvest m ent I ever m a de i n m y l i fe
In
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Ed i to r i a l f ro m th e New York
Tr i bu n e
PL AN O F F RE E D O M w h i c h w e
i n t he pu bli c
a l r e a d y a w a k e n s an e c h o
“
TH E
f
o
May
1 1 85 4
3
,
f o rth i n M o n d ay s p a p e r
m ind
In a d d i t i o n t o fu rth e r
’
p ut
.
3
2
s t fe rv e n t e x p r e ssi o n s o f z e al an d d e te rm i n a t i o n
fro m al l q u a rt e r s t o r a l ly i n d e fe n s e o f fre e d o m an d i n o pp o s i ti o n t o t h e
Th e co n
g i g a nt i c s c h e m e s o f a ggr e ssi o n s t a rte d b y t h e s l av e p o w e r
t e s t a lr e ad y t ak e s t h e f o r m o f t h e P e o pl e a g a i n s t Ty r a n n y an d Sl a v e ry
Th e w h o l e c r o w d o f s l a v e d r i v e r s a n d t r a i t o r s b a c k e d b y a p ar ty
o rg a n iz a t i o n a c o rr u pt m a j o r i ty i n C o n g r e ss a s o u ll e ss p a rt iz an p r e s s
an ad m i n is tr a t i o n w i th i t s p a i d o fii c e rs a r m e d w i th r e v o l v e rs
an d s u s
t a i n e d by t h e b ay o n e t s o f a m e r ce n a ry s o l d i e r y w i ll a l l t o g e th e r p ro v e
t o ta l ly i n s u ffi c i e nt t o C o p e w i t h a n a r o u s e d P eo pl e
t g e t he r
g
wi th
t he
mo
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
We e x t r a c t fr o
u
A
i
i
b
{
-
m
To t h e E d i t o
H av in g
r o
m
o u r co
rr e s p o n d e n c e
f o ll o w s
as
f Th e N ew Yo rk Tri bu ne :
t h e d w i th m u c h i n t e r e s t t h e i n c i p i e n t m o ve me n t s i n
M as s a c h us e tt s t o fo r m t h e E m i g r a nt Ai d S o c i e ty a nd h av i n g g rea t
fa i th i n s u c h an e nt e rpr is e i f c o n fi d ed t o p r o p e r h a n d s I am m u c h
g ra t i fi e d t o fi n d b y y o u r p a p e r o f th is d ay th a t t h e o rg a n i z at i o n i s s o
f ar c o m pl e te d as t o ad m i t t h e o p e n i ng o f su b s c ri pt i o n s
W i s h i ng t o
a i d t h e e n t e rp ri s e o u t o f m y fe e b l e a b il i ty I r e q u e s t y o u t o
i n s e r t my
n am e i n th e s u b s c r i p t i o n f o r fi v e h u n d re d d o l l ars
“
Th e d ay o f d e l ive r a n c e d awns
Th e s p iri t o f fr e e d o m s h al l
w
a c
,
,
,
,
.
,
’
‘
.
ak e
.
Y o u rs
‘
A n o th e r c o r re s p o n d e n t
as f o ll o ws
,
w ho
send s
a
fo
sub s c ri pt i o n
r
l i be rt y
fo
r
’
.
24
C o l u m b i a C o l l e g e p re s
i d e d Th e r e w as q u i t e a f u ll a tt e n d a n c e o f g e n
t l e me n w h o
fe l t a d e e p i nt e r e s t i n t h e s u bj e c t
A c o m m i tt e e w as
a pp o i nt e d t o
s u p e r i nt e n d t h e b u si n e s s o f o b t ai n i ng s u b s c ri pt i o n s a n d
t o r e p r e s e n t t h e s u bs c r i b e r s i n t h e m e e t i n g o f t h e S o c i e ty t o b e h e l d i n
B o s t o n o n W e d n e s d ay n e x t
.
.
,
.
We are i n r e c e i p t o f ad d i t i o n a l l e tt e r s m a k i ng i nq u i r i e s a n d t e n d e r i ng
fu rth e r sub s c r i pt i o n s Th e pl an is r e c e i v e d b y al l wi th p r e em i n e n t
fa v o r an d e n l i s t s t h e w a r m e s t s y m p ath i e s o f t h e fr i e n d s o f F r e e d o m
,
.
,
Th e
.
pl a n is
s t at e s
Let
.
l e ss th a n
no
it
fo u n d fr e e c i t i e s
g r e at e nt e rpr is e o f
to
b e m ad e t h e
,
an d
t he
to
ag e
e
x t e m p o r i z e fre e
.
Other m eet i ngs were held i n Ne w York wh i ch were w e ll
a tte nded
an d subs cr i pt i ons to a large a m ou n t were rece i ved
A m on g the l a rgest subscr i b ers w ere Horace B C l afi i n an d
Ro ll i n S a n ford
each s i x thous and dollars In my e fforts to
st i m u l a te as m u ch as poss i ble th e i n tere st both co mmerc i a l and
p h i lanthrop i c wh i ch the c i t i es o f New York and Brook lyn h a d
i n m a k i ng free s tates of Kans a s and a l l ou r terr i tor i es I m a de
on m y first v i s i t ten addre s ses — fiv e i n halls and five i n pr i vate
m eet i ngs of cap i ta l i sts l i ke th e one i n Mr Blu nt s house
On
two su ccess i ve Fr i day even i n gs I addressed very enthu s i ast i c
aud i en ce s i n Hen ry Ward Beecher s vestry On e S und a y R ev
Mr Froth i ngh a m al lowed m e the u se of h i s pulp i t and the t i m e
all o tted for h i s ser m on to m ake a speech for Kans as and free
labor
L a ter i had sever a l con ferences w i th W i ll i a m Cu lle n Bryan t
and u rged h i m to wr i te ed i tor i a l s i n h i s paper the E v en i n g
Po s t
a fin an c i al organ of h i gh author i ty
aga i nst the state
bonds of Mi ssour i every t i m e the borde r ru ffl a n s ra i ded Kan sas
Th i s he d i d o n sever a l occas i on s and so well that the bon ds of
the state am ou nt i ng to twenty m i ll i on s deprec i ated t o such
an e xte nt that the holders i nterfered i n every way they co uld to
sto p the ra i ds pr i n c i pally through the m erch ants of St L ou i s
In con sequen ce the M i ssou r i r i ve r was opened to ou r e m i grants
,
.
.
,
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,
,
,
’
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,
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’
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,
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’
,
,
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,
,
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,
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,
,
.
25
the fall o f 1 8 5 6 after i t had bee n closed all su m m e r by
‘
th e border ru ffi an s
The above operat i o ns i n Ne w York ex t e nded ove r seve r a l
m onths b ut I have spoke n of t h e m here as I may not h ave o c
cas i on t o refer to the m aga i n
I w i ll also s ay here that
i n the m any d i ffere nt local i t i es i n wh i ch I spoke dur i ng the Kan
trouble s I neve r fa i led to i nte rest the fore m ost i n flu e n
s as
t i al m e n : Benj am i n S i ll i m a n
of New Have n ; Horace
B ushnell of Hartford Joh n C arter B row n of Prov i dence
Joel Parke r , H e n ry
t he ve n e r a ble E l i p h a le t Nott at Alb a ny
W Lo ngfellow C C Fel t o n J E Worce ster E m ory Wash
burn Joh n G Palfrey and F D Hun t i ng t o n of C am br i dge ;
Jos i ah "
u i ncy a n d W i ll i a m H Pre scott of Boston a re re p re
n a m es , an d m any others of equ al we i ght c an be
s e nt at i v e
adduced The cle rgy were al m ost unan i m ou s i n the i r s up port
an d the sche m e was gre a tly i ndeb te d to the m fo r i t s success
D ur i ng my first v i s i t to Ne w York , n ews cam e fro m Boston ,
ss achuse tts E mi g ra n t A i d C o m
t h at th e chart e r of the M a
p any was thought t o be de f ecti ve ; that s o m e of t he co rpora
t o r s fe ared th at they m i ght bec o m e perso n all y re s pons i ble and
had w i t h d ra w n , 1 so that the un de rta k i ng w as t o be abandoned
T h is w as a shock l i ke a th un der bo l t fo r I h ad anti c i pate d noth
n dred tho u sand dollars h ad b ee n
of
the
sort
O
ver
one
hu
in
g
s ub scr i bed i n New York a nd by the t i m i d i ty of the B os t o n m e n
a ll th i s w a s t o
be lost I exerted myself i n every poss i ble w ay
to prevent the surre nder of the charter but w i thout ava i l and I
h ad t o s ub m i t to the i n ev i tab le w i th as good a grace as pos s i
ble I returned to Bosto n w here a vol untary organ i z at i o n was
for m ed w i th a c a p i tal of two hun dre d thousan d do l lars u n
der tr ustee s w i th Am os A L awre nce J M S W i ll i a m s and
E li Th ayer a s trustees
The new organ i z at i o n w as known
as t he Ne w England E mi grant A i d C o mpany and i ts opera t i on s
were restri ct e d i n proport i o n a s co m pared w i th those of t h e old
co mp any
in
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
,
.
.
’
"
,
r
.
-
,
.
,
.
,
,
,
.
,
'
,
.
,
.
.
.
.
,
.
S e e ed i t o
t im e
TTh i s
r i al s
i n N e w Yo
r k E v en i
n
g Po s t
o
f F e b 1 4 , 1 8 56 ,
.
an d o
.
w as
a s ad
m
it
s
a
ke
,
an d
it m
ad e
t he Re be
ll i o n p o s s ibl e
.
the rs
abo u
t th at
Prof S pr i n g i n h i s H i story o f K a ns as s ays
.
( p a ge
:
,
rg a n i z a t i o n w as e v e r e fi e c t e d u n d e r t h e fi r s t c h a rt e r
I t s ad
d i e d o b j e c t i o n a b l e m o n e t a ry l i a b i l i t i e s u p o n t h e i n d i v i d u a l s w h o m i gh t
a ss o c i a t e u n d e r i t a n d w as a b a n d o n e d
T h e w h o l e b usi n e s s th e n p a s
s ed
i n t o t h e h a n d s o f Th a y e r L a w r e n c e a n d J M S W i l l i am s
an d
m a n a g e d a fi a i rs i n a h a lf p e r
w h o w e r e c o n s t i t u t e d t ru s t e e s
s o n a l f as h i o n u nt i l F e b r u a ry 1 8 5 5 w h e n a s e c o n d c h a rt e r w as o b t a i n e d
an d an a s s o c i a t i o n fo r m e d w i th a s l i ghtly r e ph r a s e d t i tl e
Th e N e w
a n d wi th Jo h n C a rt e r B r o w n
E ngl a n d E m i gr a nt Ai d C o m p a ny
o f
P r o v i d e n ce R h o d e I s l a n d a s p r e s i d e n t
In t h e c o n d u c t o f t h e c o m
p any t h e t r u s t ee s w h o b r i d g e d t h e i nt e rv a l b e t w e e n t h e fi r s t a n d
s e c o n d c h a rt e r s c o n t i n u e d t o be a c h i e f d i r e c t i v e a n d i n s p i r a t i o n a l
f o r c e M r Th ay e r p r e a c h e d t h e g o s p e l o f o rg a n i z e d e m i gr a t i o n w i th
t i r e l e s s a n d s u c c e s s fu l e nth u si a s m w h i l e M r L a w r e n c e d is c h a rg e d t h e
A m o n g t h e t w e nty
b u r d e n s o m e b u t a l l i m p o rt a n t d u t i e s o f tr e as u r e r
S a m u e l C ab o t Jr Jo h n L o w e l l a n d
o r i g i n a l d i r e c t o rs w e r e D r
W i l l i am B S p o o n e r o f B o s t o n ; J P W i ll is t o n N o rth a m pt o n ;
C h a rl e s H Bi g e l o w L a w r e n c e ; an d N a th an D u rf e e F a ll R i v e r
th i rty e i gh t
Th e l is t o f d ir e c t o rs w as s u b s e q u e ntly e nl a r g e d t o
Re v E d ward
an d i n c l u d e d t h e a d d i t i o n a l n am e s o f D r S G H o w e
E v e re tt H a l e B o s t o n ; G e o rg e L St e a r n s M e d f o r d H o r a c e B u s h
n e l l H a rt f o rd C o nn e c t i c u t ; P ro f B e n j am i n S i ll i m a n S r N e w
H a v e n C o nn e c t i c u t
a n d M o s e s H Gr i nn e ll
N e w Y o rk
Th e c o m
p a ny i n i t s re o rg a n iz e d s h a p e r e c e d e d a t l e as t t e m p o r a r i ly fr o m
an d d e v o t e d i t s e l f t o
t h e p r o b l e m o f pl a n t
al l w h o l e s a l e p r o j e c t s
”
a
a
i ng fr e e l a b o r t o w n s i n K n s s
'
No
o
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
,
'
,
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
,
,
'
.
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
,
-
,
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.
,
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,
,
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,
,
.
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,
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,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
-
.
Although greatly d i sappo i nted at the turn a ff a i rs h a d t a ken
the m a n a gers were by n o m ean s d i scouraged an d they resolved
M r L a wre nce n obly ple dg ed
to persevere i n the work
h i m self to susta i n the co m p a ny by supply i ng the s i n ews
,
,
,
.
‘
fo ll o
Th e
C o m pa
w
ny :
ing
is
a
fu ll l i s t
f
o
.
o
ffi c e
rs
o
f t he N ew
En g l an d Em i g r ant
A id
J o hn C arte r Br o w n P o v i d e c e ; V IC E P R E S ID E N Ts : El i Th ye r
W ces t er J M S W i ll i am s C a mbr i d g e ; T R E A S U R E R : A m s A L w re n ce
B o s t o ; S E C R E T A R Y : Th o m as H W e bb B s t o n ; Di R E C r o n s : W m B S po o n e r
S m u e l C bo t Jr J o h n L o w e ll C J H i gg i n s o n L B r n R s e ll B t
W m J R o tch N e w B df o d J P W i ll i s t o n N t h mp t o W D u d l e y P i c k
m
S l e m R P W at e r s B e v er l y R e u be n A C h p m n Sp i gfi l d J o h n N e
\V m
F l l Ri
m i th L o w e l l C h rl e H B i g l o w L w
c
N th n D r fe
W i ll i P t l n d M e F r a k l i n M uz zy B a g r M e I ch bo d G o o d w i n P t
tf o d C t
m o u t h N f1 Th o m s M E d w ar d s K e e ne N H Al be rt D y H
P R E S ID E N T :
o r
,
.
,
.
.
a
.
.
,
.
an ,
,
,
,
o r
.
a
.
,
r
.
a
.
,
s
,
a
e
.
.
.
r en
a
a
n
,
,
e,
,
o
.
a
o r
,
.
,
,
u
a
,
.
a
,
us
a o
e
,
.
a
,
n
,
.
,
,
.
.
.
.
a
.
,
,
'
o
,
,
e
.
,
,
,
,
a
a
-
o
.
a
n
,
n
s
r
n,
.
r n
e
e,
a
o s
,
v er ,
,
,
ar
o n,
s
,
a
a
,
r
,
o r s
.
.
27
of w ar t o the e xte n t of a very l arge s u m a n d others were
not backward i n th i s respect thoug h he w as by far the larges t
‘
contr i butor
Whe n i t was an nou nced th a t Bosto n had dec i ded t o m a ke a
volun tary org a n i z a t i o n u nder tru stees w i th a po ss i ble cap i tal
of
the New York m e n s a i d B osto n could do that
alone an d to ok n o further p a rt at that t i me
Mr Greeley
see m ed also to lose heart and s a i d n oth i ng m ore t i ll the m i ddle
of Ju ne
In the New York Tri bu n e of June 1 6 1 8 5 4 was
pr i nte d the follow i n g :
,
,
.
,
.
.
,
,
,
.
“
T H E PL A N
OF
F R EE D O M
,
.
A ll p e r s o ns w h o d e si r e p a r t i c u l a r i n f o r ma t i o n i n re l a t i o n t o t h e
pl a n s p u rp o s e s a n d p ro gr e ss o f t h e E m i gr a nt Ai d C o m p a ny are
r e q u e s t e d t o s e n d th e i r c o mm u n i c a t i o n s t o t h e S ec re t a ry o f t h e E mi
g r a n t Ai d C o m p a ny B o s t o n M ass
W e a re i n f o r m e d th a t t h e C o m p a ny i n t e n d t o s e n d t h e fi rs t tr ai n
l o ad o f e m i gr a nt s t o K a n s as ab o u t t h e fi rs t o f A u g us t n e x t T h e
C o m p a ny w i ll fo rth wi th f o r w a r d m e c h an i c s a n d m ac h in e ry f o r m anu
f a c t u ri n g l u m b e r an d p ro c ee d t o e r e c t h o us e s f o r e m i g r a nt s
T h e C o m p an y is n o w o r g a n iz e d a n d b o o k s a re o p e n e d f o r s u b
Th e o rig in a l d e si g n o f h avi ng s o l a rg e
s c r i p t i o n s t o t h e ca p i t a l s t o c k
b e e n ab a n d o n e d an d i n l i e u o f a n nu a l
a ca p i t a l a s fi v e m i l l i o n s h a s
t h e c a p i t a l a s a t fi r s t p r o p o s e d i t i s n o w d e si g n e d t o
c o ntr i b u t i o n s t o
r e d u c e t h e c a p i t a l s t o c k t o t h e s u m th a t wi l l r e a l ly b e n e e d e d a s an
i m m e d i a t e w o rk i ng c a p i t al an d t o c h ang e t h e c h a r ac t e r o f t h e s u b
s o th a t t h e w h o l e a m o u nt o f
th e m s h a l l b e a t t h e c a ll o f t h e
s c ri p t i o n s
tr u s t e e s
I t i s n o w su pp o s e d th a t a p a i d u p c a p i t a l o f
w i ll
S u c h a n a l t e ra t i o n i n t h e
a n sw e r a l l t h e p u rp o s e s o f t h e C o m p a ny
i t is t h e i n t e nt i o n o f t h e C o m p a ny
c h a rt e r as th is c h a ng e n e c e ssi t a t e s
t o o b t a i n i m m e d i a t e ly o n t h e m ee t i ng o f t h e M a ss a c h us e tt s L e g is l a
t u re
A t t h e s a m e t i m e a c h a ng e wi l l b e m a d e i n t h e t i tl e o f t h e
ass o c i a t i o n w h i c h wi ll m o r e fu l ly d e n o te t h e n a t i o n a l c h a r a c t e r
an d
”
t
h
e
wi d e s c o p e o f i t s e ff o r t s
c o m p o r t w i th
“
,
,
’
.
,
,
.
.
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
,
-
.
.
,
.
,
,
.
I aga i n e nte red upo n the work w i th rene wed cour a ge and
spoke n i ghtly a n d so m et i m es ofte n er to l a rge a n d en thus i a st i c
aud i e n ce s The e ffort n o w was to form a colony as soon a s
,
,
,
.
Th e C o m p a ny
e
x pe n d ed
a bo u
t
i n t he
K an s as
wo
rk
.
28
poss i ble and star t the m on the i r way to carry freedo m to Kan
sas
But fe w volun teered to j o i n th e firs t colony
Afte r
m ak i ng a great n u m b er of speeches a fter great e ff orts to i n fl u
e nce by the strongest a ppe a ls the you ng m e n to j o i n our colony
we h a d g a thered a party n u m ber i n g twenty fou r and on the 1 7 th
of July 1 8 5 4 I st a rted w i th the m tow a r d s K a ns a s The colony
was pu t on board a bo a t a t Bu ff a lo hav i ng rece i ved a n a dd i t i on
‘
of t w o at Rochester
To on e of the e m i gran ts —M r M a llory
of Worces t er — I gave a letter d i rected to Ch a rles H Br a ns
co m b ( who w i th Charles R ob i n son had bee n sent o n i n a dvance
rece i ve the e m i gran ts a t S t Lou i s ) s ay i ng
T a ke th i s
to
colony t hrough the S h a w nee re serv a t i on and loc a te the m on the
south b a nk of the Kans a s on the fi rst good tow n s i te you fi nd
"
west of the reservat i on
Mr Br a n sco m b followed l i terally
the i ns truct i on s of the letter a n d founded the c i ty of L awrence
L eav i ng the colony at Bu ffalo I returned to the East and
two weeks l ate r th e Co m pany sent another colony several t i m es
l a rger th a n the fi rst ; and then the ent i re No rth and West
beg a n t o be aroused and to prepare to go i f need ed or to help
o t hers to go and from t h i s t i m e the e m i grat i on cont i nued to
I w as sent t o rai se colon i es
m ov e on w i th i ncreased a ct i v i ty
and I tr a velled all over New
a n d to organ i z e K a n sas leagu es
Engl a nd so m e p a rts o f i t m ore th a n once a n d a lso spoke i n all
the pr i n c i pal pl a ces i n New York S t a te
.
.
,
,
-
,
,
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,
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,
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.
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,
,
,
,
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,
,
,
.
3
0
wh o as the m ove m ent broade n ed conte m plated i t i n a
m ore ser i ou s l i ght an d gave ev i den ce of the i r apprec i at i o n
of t h e re a l characte r of the cr i s i s
The follow i n g ed i tor i al fro m
th e C h arlesto n M ercu ry w ell represen ts th e v i ew s of th i s cl ass
,
,
,
.
F i rs t
By c o n s e nt o f p art i e s t h e p r e s e n t c o n t e s t i n K an s a s is
m a d e t h e t u rn i ng p o i n t i n t h e d e s t i n i e s o f sl a v e ry an d ab o l i t i o n i s m
If t h e S o u th t riu m ph s ab o l i t i o n is m w i ll b e d e fe at e d an d s h o rn o f i t s
p o w e r f o r al l t i m e
I f s h e is d e f e a te d ab o l i t io n is m wi l l g r o w
m o r e i n s o l e nt an d agg r e ssiv e u n t i l t h e u tt e r r u i n o f t h e S o u t h is c o n
s u mm at e d
S e c o n d I f t h e S o u th s e c u r e s K an s as s h e w i ll e x t e n d s l av e ry i n t o
a l l t h e t e r r i t o r y s o u th o f t h e f o rt i e th p a r a ll e l o f n o rth l a t i t u d e
t o t he
Ri o Gr a n d e a n d th is o f c o u r s e wi ll s e c u r e f o r h e r p e nt u p i n s t i t u t i o n s
a m p l e o u tl e t a n d r e s t o r e h er p o w e r i n C o ngr e ss
If
o f s l a v e ry an
t h e N o r th s e c u r e s K an s a s t h e p o w e r o f t h e S o u th i n C o n gr e s s w i l l
gr ad u ally b e d i m i n is h e d t h e s t a t e s o f M iss o u r i K e n t u c ky T e n n e ss e e
A r k a n s as an d T e x as t o g e th e r wi th t h e ad j ac en t t e rri t o ri e s w i l l g r ad
t h e s l av e p o p u l a t i o n c o nfi n e d t o
a b o l i t i o niz e d
an d
u al i y b e c o m e
Al l d e p e n d s
t h e s t a t e s e a s t o f t h e M ississ i p p i w i ll b ec o m e v a l u e l e ss
u p o n t h e ac t i o n o f t h e p re s e nt m o m en t
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It m ay be well here to c i te som e furt her t est i mo n y as
to th e i n fluen ce an d work of the E mi grant A i d C o m pany i n as
t a bl i s h i n g free colon i e s i n Kansas
‘
h
n
In h i s ev i dence before t e Howard Co gre s s i on al C o m m i t t e e n
John H S t r i ngfello w h av i ng bee n duly swo rn sa i d :
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At t h e t i m e o f t h e p ass ag e o f t h e K an s as N e b r as k a B i ll an d p ri o r
t o th a t t i m e I n e v e r h e a r d an y m an i n m y s e c t i o n o f M iss o u r i e x p r e ss
a d o u b t ab o u t t h e c h a r a c t e r o f t h e i n s t i t u t i o n s w h i c h w o u l d b e e s ta b
an d
l i h e d h e r e p r o vi d e d t h e M iss o ur i r e s tr i c t i o n w a s re m o v e d
I h e ard o f n o c o m b i n at i o n o f p e r s o n s e i th e r i n p u b l i c o r p ri v a t e p ri o r
t o t h e t i m e o f t h e o rg a n i z at i o n o f t h e E m i g r a nt A i d S o c i e ty a n d i n d e e d
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no rm i ty o f hi s c r i m e s an d i n i qu i ti e s s ha ll s e e m t o m e r i t R e p re s e nt i ng a l l t h e
A bo l i t i o n i ts h e c o n s e qu e ntly be ar s all th e i r s i n s ; a d t he bl o o d o f Batc h e l de r i s
”
h
a
d
s
o
f
t
h
e
o
lo u d fo r e x p i at i o n at t e h n
pe p l e
u po n hi s h e d c ryi g
an d t h e S o u th
D e Bo w s R evi e w c ll e d t h e m o ve m e nt Th ye r s Emi g r at i o n
” —
m
i
d
o
m
as
a
e
o
ED
i g r ant A C p ny
El i Th y r C
e rn p r e s s s po k e o f t h e E
t h e e d i t o r i nte n de d t h e wh o l e an t i s l ave ry e l e ment
By
abo l i t i o n i s m
He
h d n o r e fe r e n c e t o G rr i s o n i m
3
i t h C o n g r e s s N o 200
1 H o us e
t he
e
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s
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r w a r d s f o r t h e p u rp o s e o f m a k i ng u n i te d a c t i o n
t o frus t r at e t h e d e si gn s o f th a t S o c i e ty i n ab o l i t i o n izi ng o r m a k i ng a
f re e s t a t e o f K a n s as T h e c o n v i c t i o n w as g e n e r a l th a t i t w o u l d be a
s l ave s t at e
T h e s e ttl e rs w h o c a m e o v e r fr o m M i s s o u r i a ft e r t h e p as
s ag e o f t h e B i ll s o f a r as I k n o w g e n e r a l ly b e l i e v e d th a t K ans a s w o u l d
F re e s ta t e m e n w h o c a me in t o t h e t e rr i t o ry af t e r t h e
be a s lav e s t at e
p ass ag e o f t h e b i ll w e r e r e g a r d e d wi th j e al o us y b y t h e p e o pl e o f w e s
t e rn M iss o u r i f o r t h e r e as o n th a t a s o c i e ty h ad b e e n fo r m e d f o r
t h e a v o w e d p u r p o s e o f s h a p i ng t h e i n s t i t u t i o ns o f K ans as T e rri t o r y s o
t h e i nt e r e s t s o f t h e p e o pl e
as t o m a k e i t a fr e e s ta t e in o p p o si t i o n t o
If n o E m i g r a nt Ai d S o c i e t i e s h a d b ee n f o r me d i n t h e
o f M iss o u r i
N o rt h e r n S t a te s t h e e m i gra t i o n o f p e o pl e fr o m th e r e k n o w n t o b e in
fa v o r o f m ak in g Ka n s as a fr e e s t a t e w o u l d h av e s t i m u l a t e d t h e e m i
H ad i t n o t b e e n f o r t h e E m i gr a nt A i d S o c i e
g ra t i o n fro m M iss o u r i
t i e s t h e m aj o r i ty i n f a v o r o f s l a v e i n s t i t u t i o n s w o u l d by t h e n at ura l
gr e a t as t o h av e fix e d t h e i n s t i t u
c o u rs e o f e m i g r a t i o n h av e b e e n s o
t i o ns o f t h e T e rri to ry w i th o u t an y e x c i t i ng c o n t e s t as i t w a s i n t h e
S e ttl e m e n t o f t h e Pl a t t e Pu r c h as e Th is w as t h e w ay w e r e g ar d ed t h e
p as s a g e o f t h e K a ns as N e b r a s k a B i ll an d t h i s w as t h e r e as o n w hy w e
"
su pp o r t e d i t
fo
mo n th s
r
a ft e
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Isaac M Ed w ards
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I t is
my O p i n i o
:
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i e s a n d t r o u b l e s h av e b ee n p ro
d u c e d by t h e o p e r a t i o ns o f t h e E mi g r an t Ai d S o c i e t y
I a m s at i s fi e d
t h a t i f t h e E m i g r an t A i d S o c i e ty h ad n o t s e n t m en o u t t o t h e T e rri t o ry
o f K a n s a s f o r t h e p ur p o s e o f m ak in g i t a f r e e s ta t e th e re w o u l d b e n o
t ro u b l e o r d i fli c u l t i e s i n t h e T e rri t o ry
n
th a t
( s worn )
al l
t h e d i ffi c u lt
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,
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S cores of other w i tnesses be fore the Howard Co m m i ss i on
te st i fied i n ne a rly the sa m e words th a t the re would h a ve
bee n n o co n t es t w h a t ev er i n Ka ns as had i t n ot been caused
by the e ff orts o f the E m ig r a nt A i d Co m pany to m ake Kan s as a
free state by sen d i ng th i ther org a n i z ed colon i es of free st a te
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-
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m en
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Th i s w as not the test i m ony of M i ssou ri ans a lo ne nor of pro
slavery settlers i n Kan s a s
You w i l l fi nd i t i n all the pro
sl a ve ry papers of th e t i m e and i n nearly a l l the ant i slavery
j ourn a ls
T h roughout the South the E m igr a n t A i d Co m pany ofte n
u nd er the n am e of E li Th ayer
w as charged w i th the
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e nor m ou s cr i m e of m ak i ng K a n s a s a free state
I n M i ssou r i
var i ous su m s i n several loc a l it i es were p u b l i e l v o ffe red for th e
he ad of the fou nder of th a t Co m p a ny
Even i n the Halls o f Congress pro sl avery sen ators an d rep
re s e n t a t i v e s
den oun ced th i s Co m p any as the po wer wh i ch
h ad robbed the sl ave state p arty of Ka n sas and had put i n per i l
the very e x i s tence of slavery
In 1 8 6 1 thou gh the b attle had bee n fought i n Kansas an d the
v i cto ry won by the free s tate m e n years before Sen ator G reen
of M i ssou r i s a i d i n the Sen a te
But for the hot bed pl a n ts
that have been planted i n K a n sas through th e i n stru m ent a l i ty
of t h e E m i gran t A i d S oc i ety K a n s a s would have been w i th
M i ssour i th i s day
Stephen A Douglas i n h i s report to t h e U S Sen a te
i n 1 85 6 said
Popu l a r S overe i gnty was struck down by
u nholy co m b i n at i on s i n N e w Englan d
Se n a to r J A Bayard of Del aware sa i d :
Whatever ev i l
or loss or su ffer i ng or i nj ury m ay result t o Kansas or to
the U n i ted S tates a t l arge i s attri b utable a s a pr i m ary cause to
the E m i grant A i d S oc i ety of M ass a chusetts
If further test i m ony be needed t o show th e power of the E m i
gran t A i d Co m p a ny i n Kan sas i t c a n be fou nd i n qu ant i t i es a l
m ost w i thout l i m i t i n the Con g ress i on al Globe i n the reports
of Co n gress i on a l Co mm i ttees i n thou s a nds upon thou sand s
of letters fro m the K a ns a s settlers to t he i r fr i ends i n the st a tes
i n the ed i tor i als of a l l the Southern an d of nearly all the North
ern journ a ls i n the reports of thous ands of elect i on speeches
a n d i n all con t e m por a neou s a n d general records of w hate ver
k i nd
Wh i le th e E m i gran t A i d Co m pany w as by i ts operat i on s
creat i ng such a well fou nded al ar m i n the Southern St a tes and
w as rece i v i ng the co m m en d a t i on and grat i tude of every true
lover o f freedo m for the pr a ct i cal result s i t h a d acco m pl i shed
let u s see how i t w as regarded by th a t pecul i ar cl i que know n a s
At the t i m e of the repeal of the
t h e G a rr i son i a n Abol i t i o n i sts
M i ssour i Co m pro m i se a n d the p a ss a ge of t h e Kans a s Nebraska
Bi ll these m e n h a d been a bsolutely s i le n t ; a n d i n the peri od of
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gloo m and desp a i r a t the North th a t fol l owed that i n i qu i ty they
h a d n o words e i the r of cou n se l e ncourage m e nt or co m mi sera
t i on to o ffer No sooner ho weve r was a fe a s i ble and p ra c t i
cal plan of retr i ev i ng t h e d i s a s t e r set for t h th a n M r G a rr i so n
and h i s a ssoc i a tes opened the i r batt e r i e s o f v i tuperat i on u p on i t
a n d i ts au thors
a s they had al w ays ass a i led every p ract i cal an d
fe a s i ble m e a su re a n d e v e rv bo d y who proposed t o D O so m eth i ng
for the c a use of freedo m a n d a s they con t i nued to assa i l e very
body an d every th i ng ex cept D I SUN I ON un t i l i n s p i t e o f the m
and w i thout the i r a i d the gre a t obj ect w a s ach i eved w he n they
a n d t he i r a d m i rers turned about a n d coolly sa i d :
We d i d a l l
th i s ourselves
The presen t gener a t i o n h as i n conseque nce of
the pers i stent cl a ck a n d e ndles s scr i bb l i ng of th at class co m e to
bel i e ve that Mr G a rr i so n was the Alpha an d O m ega of the ant i
slavery struggle and that he and h i s s m all p arty of followers
were the le a ders a n d d i rectors of the gre at m ove m ent th a t
brought a bout the overthrow of S lavery
These m e n and
wo m e n h ave never e xh i b i ted any d ifii d e n c e or m od esty i n
sou nd i ng the i r own pra i se s
They f or m ed a m utu al ad m i rat i on
soc i ety of u nusual m al i gn i ty to wards those who d i d not be long
to i t yet not co nte nt w i th fight i ng the o u ts i de world they f re
que ntly sn arled and quarrelled a m ong the mselves and atte m pt
ed to destroy e a ch other The persecu t i on they endu red w as
n ot wholly o n acco u nt of the A nt i S lavery pr i nc i ples they
m a i n ta i ned b ut i t w a s the i r abu s i ve a n d i n sul t i ng m anner and
p a rt i cul a rly the i r off en s i ve obtrus i on of the unpopular and nu
p a tr i ot i c doctr i nes of secess i o n and d i su n i on u po n e v e rv occa
s i on th a t pr i nc i p a lly e x c i ted the p a ss i o ns of the m o b
In fact the l i ttle co m p a ny of Abol i t i on i sts h a d co m e to be
desp i sed a t the North and they were n eglected a n d shu nned by
the be t t e r ele m ent for the reasons above gi ven Al m ost i nva
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they a i ded i n the sav i n g of K a n s a s i t i s proper for m e t o sho
here i n wh at m anner they v i ewed a n u nde rt a k i n g wh i ch h ad ft
i ts obj ect th e exter m i n at i on of Sl a very by pe a ceful lawful a n
pract i cal m ethod s a n d how th ey tre a ted those who honestly a n
e a rnestly gave to i t the i r sup po rt The follow i ng e x t r a cts a n
quotat i on s w i ll show the i r k i nd of w i s d om and power 1
prophecy
o t h Jun e 1 8 5 4 co m m ent i ng o
M r G arr i so n (L i ber a t o r 3
the address to the people by the a nt i Nebr a ska m e m bers i
Congress ) says :
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I f th is is a l l th a t i s p r o p o s e d t o b e d o n e t h e a d d r e s s w i l l p rm
u tt e rly a b o rt i v e T o t a l k o f r e s t o r i ng t h e M i s s o u ri C o m pr o m i s e a r
p r e v e n t i ng t h e fu rth e r a ggr e ssi o n s o f S l a v e ry w h i l e t h e U n i o n h o l (
t o g e th e r is t h e ac m e o f i n f a t u a t i o n We m u s t s ep a ra t e Th e N o r i
m u s t fo rm a n e w i n d e p e n d e nt fre e r e p u b l i c o r c o nt i n u e t o b e t h e t o
a c c o m p l is h a ll i t s d i r e t
an d v as s a l o f t h e S l av e P o w e r m a k i ng i t t o
d e si g n s o f c o n q u e s t an n e x at i o n an d p e rp e t u a t i o n h a v i ng t h e m i gh t
r e s o urc e s o f t h e w h o l e c o u nt r y at i t s c o mm an d w i th o u t w h i c h
w o u l d b e as p o o r as a p au p e r an d as f e e b l e a s a n i nfan t ”
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of Feb 1 6 1 8 5 5 i s a let t e r fro m i ts
C S tearns d ated L awre nce K a ns a s Jan 2 0
s po n d e nt
i n wh i ch we fin d th i s
In the
L i bera t o
co rrc
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1 855
I t i s t ru e w e d e n o u n c e t h e E m i g r a n t Ai d C o m p any b e c au s e v
b e l i e v e i t t o b e a gr e a t h i n d r a n c e t o t h e c a u s e o f fr e e d o m an d it m i gh t
t h e T e rr i t o ry ; b u t w e a re t h e o n ly o n e s w h o h a v e t a k e n
c u rs e t o
I h av e n e v e r h e a r d
d e c i d e d gr o u n d o n t h e a n t i s l a v e ry q u e s t i o n
t h e L a w r e n c e A ss o c i a t i o n e v e r p a s s i ng an y a n t i s l a v e ry r e s o l u t i o n s
A n o th e r p o i n t o f i m p o rt a n c e is th a t th is as s o c i a t i o n w i th Ro b i i
a d v o c a t e s b r u t e fo r c e i n o pp o si ng t h e M iss o u r i a n
s o n a t i t s h e ad
S a i d M r R t o t h e M a r s h a l i n r e fe r e n c e t o s o m e M i s s o u r i an s a rr e s t s
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v i s e p e o pl e t o e m i gr a t e h e r e i n c o m p a n i e s
Th i s s e n d i ng l arg e c o m p a n i e s is
c o me v e r y f e w a t a t i m e
”
is h b usi n e ss f o r m a ny r e a s o n s
“
Do
t ad
no
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th e m
a v e ry f o o l
Le t
.
In another p a per M r Garr i son s ays i n substance : K a n sas
can n ot be m a de a free st a te a n d eve n i f i t should be such a re
su lt wou ld be a gr e at i nj ury to the ant i slavery cau se for the
re a son th a t i t would qu i et t he N orthern consc i e nce The follow
i ng i s fro m the L i ber a t o r ( ed i t or i al ) of Ju ne 1 1 8 5 5 :
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We answ e r—N o
W i ll K a n s as b e a fr e e s t a te
N o t wh i le t h e ex
I t s f a t e is s e ttl e d We s h al l b ri e fly s t a t e s o m e
i s t i ng U n i o n s t an d s
o f t h e r e a s o n s w h i c h fo r ce u s t o th i s s a d c o n c l u si o n
Th e S o u th is u n i t e d i n t h e d e te r m in a t i o n t o m a k e K a n s as a
1
s l a v e s t at e — u lt i m a t e ly b y d i v isi o n h alf a d o z e n s l a v e s t a te s i f n e c e s
s ary S h e h as n e v e r y e t b e e n fo i l e d i n h e r p u rp o s e s t h us c o n c e ntr a t e d
a n d s h e h as t o o m u c h a t s t a k e t o
a l l o w f r e e s p ee c h a
an d e x p r e ss e d
fr e e p r e ss an d f re e l ab o r t o h o l d t h e m as t e ry i n th a t T e r r i t o ry
“
2
E as t e rn e m i gr at i o n wi l l a v a i l n o th i ng t o k e e p s l av e ry o u t o f
K a n s a s W e h a v e n e v er h ad an y fa i th i n i t as a b r e ak w a t e r ag a i n s t
H a r d ly an ab o l i t i o n
t h e inu n d a t i o n o f t h e d a r k w a t e r s o f o p pr e s s i o n
i s t c a n b e f o u n d a m o ng al l w h o h a v e e m i gr a t e d t o th a t c o u nt ry * Un
d o u b t e d ly t h e m a ss o f e m i gr a n ts are i n fa v o r o f m ak i ng K a ns as a fr e e
s t at e as a m atte r o f s o u n d p o l i c y an d w o u l d d o s o i f th e y w e re n o t n u
d e r t h e d o m i n i o n o f M iss o u r i ru fli an i s m o r i f th e y c o u l d r e ly u p o n t h e
s y m p a thy o f t h e g e n e r al g o v e r n m e n t i n th i s t e r r i b l e c r isis b u t th e y
h a v e n o t g o n e t o K a n s as t o b e m a rtyr s i n t h e c au s e o f t h e e n s l a v e d n e
g ro n o r t o s ac ri fi c e th e i r c h a n c e s f o r a h o m e s t e ad u p o n t h e a lt a r o f
p r i n c i pl e b u t t o fi n d a c o m fo rt ab l e h o m e f o r th e m s e l v e s a n d th e i r c h i l
d re n
B e fo r e t h e y e m i g r a t e d th e y g a v e l i ttl e o r n o c o u n t e n a n c e t o t h e
a nt i s l a v e ry c a u s e a t h o m e 1 : th e y p a r t o o k o f t h e g e n e r a l h o s t i l i ty o r
i n d i fl e re n c e t o t h e l a bo r s o f r a d i c a l a b o l i t i o n is m ; a t l e as t th e y c o u l d
o nly d r e a m o f m a k i ng
fr e e d o m n a t i o n a l a n d s l a v e ry s e c t i o n a l a ft e r t h e
m a nn e r o f t h e fa th e r s ; I a n d th e y w e r e p o is o n e d m o r e o r l e ss wi th t h e
v i r u s o f c o l o rp h o b i a I f th e y h a d n o p l u c k h e r e w h a t c o u l d b e r a t i o n
a lly e x p e c te d o f th e m i n t h e i m m e d i a te p r e s e n c e o f t h e d e m o n i a c a l
s p i r i t o f s l a v e ry " Th e y r e p r e s e nt t h e a v e r ag e s e n t i m e n t o f t h e N o rth
"
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
-
‘
.
o t a G rr i s o n i n a m o n g th e m
Th i s w a l i te r lly tr e th e re w
i Th at i s t o M G arr i o n p e c l i r d o g m s
1 A flin g at C h rl es S m n e r
d ca r e l e s s a d m i i o
by M r G arr i s o n th t h i s l
A th o u ghtl e s s
m o u nte d t o n o th i n g
s
,
u
a
r.
as
s
u
a
an
a
,
.
’
s
u
n
a
a
a
a
.
.
.
s s
n
.
a
abo
rs
h ad
Th e s e
i t ab l y b e
a
L i bera t o
are
so
me
s l av e s t at e
S ept
r,
.
r e as o ns w hy
f t he
o
w e be li e v e
K an s as w i ll
i n ev
”
.
28
Ed i tor i al
1 855.
"
T a l k ab o u t s t o pp i ng t h e p r o g re s s o f s l a v e ry an d o f s a v i ng
N e b r a s k a an d K a n s as " Why t h e fa t e o f N e b r as k a an d K a n s a s w a s
s e a l e d t h e fi r s t h o u r St e ph e n A r n o l d Do u gl a s c o n s e n t e d t o pl ay h is
”
p e rfld i o u s p a rt
“
.
I n th e L i ber a t o r of Augu st 1 0 1 8 5 5 i s a speech of Wendell
Ph i ll i ps fro m wh i ch the follow i ng i s e x tracted
,
,
,
D id
i t p ro ve
W
so
r o w n e s t abl i s h e d t h e H e l d o f F e e d o m d m i nt i n e d i t s t h e o rg an
s tr o
bl e s
I t w as eve r tr e t o t he
o f t h e E m i g r ant A i d C o m p any thr o u g h t h e K n
p r i n c i p l e a d p r po s e o f m a k i n g K an s as 3F re e St at e M r G arr i o n a d h i s fr i en d s
e nt e r i nt o
c o ntr o ve r s y
p o n t h e g en e r al
c o m p l i n e d be c a u s e t h e e d i to r r e f s e d t o
“
d
o
u
d
o
f
h
i
n
j
t
Sl
v
ry
i
n
t
h
e
St
a
t
e
s
an
w
l
t
i
ll
s
c
o
l
m
n
i
th
o f
a e
Re s o l u t i o n s ”
ub e c
s w
m n ac l e s
d
c t i o n bl o c k
Th e p p e r w
d c o m p l a i nt s bo u t bl o o d h o n d
n d w a s o f i n e s ti m a bl e v l u e t o t h e c
e i
fu rn i h i n g d d i s s m i
bly c o n d u c t e d
n t i n g i n fo r m t i o n abo u t t he Te rr i to ry m u ch o f w h i ch w g ive n by t h e act l s e t
00 0 t
i d Dr Br o w n i
s t bl i h
Th e E m i g r nt Ai d C o m p ny a dva nc e d 8 3
t l e rs
“
”
m h e re p ai d
Dr Bro w n k n e w O l d J o h n Br w n i t i
i n g th i s j o u rn al w h i h
m te ly w h i l e h e w
d h i s re m i n i c n
o f th t w rthy
p u bl i s h d
i n K an s as
s t m p e d e am
g t h e d m i r e r s o f t h e H e ro
fe w ye r s i n ce c r e t e d s o m e th i n g o f
o f H ar p e r s F rry
TG
.
.
B
ra
r
a
a
u
a
a
u
.
s
.
.
u
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-
a
a
u
u
s
a
,
a
a
c
,
as
a
’
n
.
a
.
s
a
e
ua
n
.
o
.
.
an
s
a
a
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ce s
o n
as
an
as
o
s u
,
a
,
e
s
au s
a
a
s
au
,
.
a
an
a
a
,
n
u
,
an
a
s a
u
n
an
,
a
a
o
,
e
a
s
n
e
3
8
i nt e rn a l a ff a i r s a n d g o v e rn i t s i nt e r c o u r s e w i th t h e n e i gh b o r i ng s l a v e
s t a t e s ; w h i l e a s a s t i ll m o r e l am e n t ab l e c o n s e q u e n c e a p a thy w i l l s e ttl e
u p o n t h e w h o l e N o rth e rn m i n d s a t is fi e d w i th th e i r s ee mi ng v i c t o ry
b u t t h e e n d o f w h i c h w i l l b e o nly t o i nv i t e fr e s h i n su l t s a n d a gg r e ssi o n s
fr o m t h e S o u t h e rn d e s p o t is m N o "th e r e is n o s a fe ty a s th e r e i s n o
h o n o r an d n o r i gh t i n o u r u n i o n w i th m e n s te al e r s N o ad v an t ag e
g a i n e d w h i l e i n th a t fa t a l fe l l o w s h i p c an b e o f an y v a l u e
,
,
,
,
,
.
-
.
”
.
Fro m a speech o f Wendell Ph i ll i ps pr i nted i n the
of July
L i ber a t o
,
r
h a v e g r e a t h o p es
I
I th i n k Fr e m o nt w i l l b e d e fe a t e d
th i nk th e r e i s gr e a t c h a n c e th a t B u c h a n a n w i ll be e l e c t e d I h a v e n o
h 0 p e f o r K a n s as
W h e r e a re t h e h u n d r e d m e n w h o
H o w c an I h a v e
w e n t fr o m C h i c ag o " Wh y th e y w e n t th r o u gh M isso u r i
an d l ai d
d o w n th e i r a r m s a t t h e fe e t o f a m o b " F i fty m e n fr o m t h e c it y o f
W o r c e s t e r m e t t h e s a m e fa t e A th o u s a n d d o ll a r s f r o m t h e t o w n o f
C o n c o r d a l o n e g o n e i n t o t h e t r e a s u ry o f t h e M iss o u r i m o b "
F i fty p e r c e n t o f t h e m u s k e t s b o u gh t i n N e w E ngl a n d are t o d ay i n t h e
h a n d s o f M iss o u r i a n s "
“
No w I
*
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
-
.
”
From
of
speech of Wendell Ph i ll i ps pr i n ted i n the
a
,
A u g u s t 1 4 , 1 85 7
L i bera t o
r
:
K a n s as — h er b a ttl e wi l l n o t b e fo u gh t i n t h e W e s t b u t o n t h e
at
W as h i ngt o n an d i n m i d n i gh t s e s s i o n s h e w i l l b e
c h e ss b o a r d
Th i s a d m i n is t rat i o n w i l l s e e K a n s as p o ssi b ly O r e g o n a n d
b e t ray e d
N e b r a s k a p o s si b ly t h e s o u th e r n h a l f o f C a l i fo rn i a —ad m i tt e d as s l a v e
s t a t e s ; a n d th e n w i th fo u r o r s i x m o r e v o t e s i n t h e S e n a t e w i th t h e
"
p r e s t i g e o f s u c c e s s h o w wi ll y o u m e e t a n o th e r Pr e si d e n t i al e l e c t i o n "
But
,
-
,
.
,
,
,
3
,
,
R ev
T W H i gg i n son m i n i ster of the Worcester
Chu rch sa i d : ( See L i ber a t o r of June 1 6 1 8 5 4 )
.
.
.
,
,
,
H e re
F ree
ra s k a E m i gr a t i o n S o c i e ty ; i t is
i n d e e d a n o bl e
a m p r o u d th a t i t o w e s i t s o r i g i n t o a
W o r c e s t e r m an B u t w h e r e i s t h e g o o d o f e m i gr a t i ng t o N e b ra s k a i f
N e b r as k a i s t o b e o nly a tr a n s pl a nt e d M a ss ac h us e tt s an d t h e o r i g i n a l
M a s s ac h us e tt s h as b e e n tr i e d an d fo u n d w an t i n g "
,
fo
r
i n stanc e i s t h e
e nt e rp r i s e an d I
,
N eb
,
.
,
,
t r a t i o n l m e w o u l d o t h ve h d
h e po rtr aye d
TThi s w e ll e xh i bi t t h e r i d i c l o s s tyl e
u tt e r n e s o f t h e A b l i t i n i s t s
Mo
a
s
n
n
a
a
“
g r e at h o p e s
i n t he
fa
ce
o
f t he
c
ri s i s
.
u
s
a
c
o
o
.
u
o
f
e
x gg e r t i o n w h i ch h a ract e r iz e d t h
a
a
c
e
3
9
3
M ay ,
a n n i v e rs ay
of the A A S o
clety Ne w York c i ty Mr G a rr i so n off ered th i s a m ong other
resol ut i ons wh i ch was un a n i m ously p ass e d
L i bera t o
l 6t h
r,
1 856, 2 d
.
.
.
,
.
Th at ( m ak i ng al l d u e al l o w a n c e f o r e x ce pt i o n al c a s e s )
t h e A m e r i c a n C h u r c h c o n t i n u e s t o b e t h e b u l w a rk o f S l a v e ry a n d
t h re f o re i m p u r e i n h e a rt hyp o c r i t i c a l i n p r o f e ss i o n d is h o n e s t i n p ra c
a c ag e o f u n c l e a n b i r d s
t i c e b r u t a l i n s p i r i t m e r c i l e ss i n p u rp o s e
an d
t h e sy n ag o g u e o f S atan
R e s o l v ed
:
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
m eet i ng
At the s a m e
S am uel May
Jr
,
.
,
s ai d
:
Th a t h e th o u gh t th a t b o th d u ty a n d a s o u n d a n d j u s t e x p e d i e n c y
u tte rly f o rb ad e o u r i d e n t i fy i ng o u rs e l v e s f o r a n i n s t a n t wi t h t h e m e r e
E s p e c i a lly w o u l d h e p ro t e s t
n o n e x t e n si o n o f S l a v e ry m o v e me nt
wi th t h e K a n s a s fre e
a g a i n s t o u r i d e n t i fy i ng o u r s e lv e s a s a S o c i e ty
s t a te m o v e m e n t s o l o ng a s i t s t a n d s u p o n i ts p r e s e nt l o w a n d c o m
p r o m i s i ng l e v e l
We c a nn o t j o i n i n t h e p re s e n t m o v e m e nt f o r K a n s a s b e c au s e i t i s
f a l s e i n p r i n cip l e T h a t is a s u tli c i e n t r e as o n w hy w e s h o u l d ta k e n o p a rt
”
i n it
,
,
-
-
-
-
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
Here i s anothe r o f Mr G a rr i son s resolut i ons
chu rch :
’
.
a
ga i nst the
Th a t s u c h a c h u r c h i s i n t h e g r a ph i c l a ng u ag e o f
S c r i pt u r e a c ag e o f u n c l e a n b i r d s a n d t h e s y n ag o g u e o f s a ta n
t h a t s u c h re l i g i o u s t e ac h e r s a re w o l v e s i n s h e e p s c l o th i ng
and
W a t c h m e n th a t a re b l i n d
S h e ph e rd s th a t c a n n o t u n d e rs t a n d
th a t
al l l o o k t o th e i r o w n w ay e v e r y o n e t o h i s g a i n fr o m h is q u a rt e r
“
R es
o
l v ed :
,
’
‘
‘
’
,
‘
’
’
,
'
’
,
,
’
,
.
Th i s i s a good spec i m e n of Mr G a rr i so n s utteran ces a g a i nst
those who would not e ndorse a n d cou nten an ce h i s own u n re a s
and se nsat i onal doctri nes
A m o ng t hose who m he
o n ab l e
”
ch aracte ri zes as
u n cle a n b i rds m ay be m e nt i oned Leon a rd
B acon El i ph alet Nott Horace Bushn ell He nry W a rd B eecher
Ed ward Everett H a le , and the
clergy m e n o f t he North
who p rotes ted a ga i n st the p a ss a ge of the K a n s a s N ebr a sk a b i ll
It w a s th i s k i n d of a buse that m ore than anyth i ng el se brought
the Abol i t i on i sts i nto d i s repute
After re a d i ng the above
’
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
-
.
.
co m e
In 1 8 5 6 whe n dol efu l pred i cti on s were m ad e that i f
Buchan an w a s e l ected K a ns a s would be l ost I sa i d i n a pub l i c
speech i n Worceste r :
It w i ll m a ke no d i ff erence whether Pre
K a n sas i s go i ng to
m on t Buchan an or th e dev i l i s Pres i dent
b e a Free S t a te anyho w
At a d i n ner at M r S eward s i n
Wash i ngton so m e ti m e before I r a ther st a rtled the guests who
were m ostly R epubl i can s by procla i m i ng that under any c i r
c u m s t an c e s t here wo u l d n ever be another sl ave state i n th i s
U n i on — N E V E R " In m y speeches i n C ongress and elsewh ere
betwee n 1 8 5 6 a n d 1 8 6 1 I always treated Slavery as a
m or i
bu n d i nst i tut i on
I d o not spe ak of th i s w i th any i de a of self
glor i fi cat i on b u t I m ent i on i t becau se i t w as a fact Fro m th e
t i m e th at the first colony was successfully planted i n Kansas I
felt s u re of the cause an d whe n the first t i d i ngs of lawless a g
i
n aga i nst the settlers ca m e I KN E W that the de at h k n el l
r
s
s
o
e
g
of S lavery w as s ou nded The old S axon sp i r i t so long dor
m a nt and forbe ar i ng u nder i n sult an d persecut i on when co mm i t
ted w i thi n the law could not brook th i s w i l fu l outrage a n d i t
needed but th i s spark to arouse i ts fury
The L at i n r a ce s cl a i m that the i r foun ders were nursed by a
wolf The S ax on s h ave a h i gher or i g i n The i r fou nder was
n ursed by a polar bear D eep i n the n a ture of th i s r a ce i s
fou nd that u ntam abl e feroc i ty wh i ch fears noth i ng but can
endur e everyth i ng
It w as n o S axon sculptor who ch i seled Pro metheus wri t hi n g i n
torture wh i le the vulture fed upon h i s V i t a ls A L at i n but not a
S axon co u ld m a ke a L aoco o n show i ng p i ti able contort i ons of
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
’
.
.
,
,
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
.
,
.
41
A S a x on
feature an d of l i m b i n the e m brace of the serpe nts
i n both cases would h a ve shown a c a l m and d efiant e nd ur a nce
a ff ord i ng ne i th e r co m fort nor e x ult a t i on to the tor m entor
Thi s s ubl i m e en durance th i s proud defi an ce th i s u nvary i ng
courage all b ased o n a sort of s a v age feroc i ty g i ve assurance
that the S axon s w i ll m ake l aw and l a ngu age for the world
These q u a l i t i es m ay b e u su a lly con ce aled u n der the var i ou s
cover i n gs of al l th e Chr i st i an a m en i t i es We m ay appe a r t o be
perfect e x a m ples of a mi able sub m i ss i on and o f Chr i st i an h u m i l
We m ay b e sy m p a thet i c or even ph i lanthrop i c bu t u nder
it y
all th i s ge ntle and gen i al e xter i o r th e re slu mbers the g r i z zly fe
It i s i n every S a xon breast T he old bl i nd p o e t o f Eng
ro c i t y
land k new a l l th i s when he m ade the hero o f Parad i se Lo s t
.
,
,
,
.
,
,
,
,
.
.
,
.
,
.
.
,
W i th c o u r ag e n e v e r t o s u b m i t o r y i e l d
”
A n d w h a t is m o r e n o t t o b e o v e r c o me
,
.
A hu ndred b apt i s ms can not drow n i t ; a thous and s acra m e nts
c a nnot e l i m i n ate i t It w a s w i th Crom well an d h i s Ir o ns i des
Well i n gto n felt i t as he stood u nder the e l m at Waterloo an d re
c e i v e d u n m oved the repeate d ch a rges o f Ney a n d the I m per i al
Gu a rd l n pe a ce and i n war th i s qu al i ty i s fou nd wherever
there i s S ax o n blood
Ha m pde n and Syd n ey and Go rdon an d
It fills h i stor i es
It
mi ll i on s of others h ave i llustr a ted i t
It re m odels n at i on s
It w i ll govern the
m a kes l i br a r i es
world
In 1 8 5 6 th i s feroc i ous q ual i ty w a s fully aroused i n the North
ern S t ates We h a d long endured w i th cal m ness a n d p at i en ce
the aggress i on s of th e S lave Power whe n m ade accord i ng to l a w
But these later ag g ress i on s a ga i nst all l aw we would not
end ure The Nort h b eca m e a un i t a ga i nst sl avery i n K a ns as
The North tri u m phed a n d Sl avery w a s destroyed
.
.
,
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
.
,
,
,
.
.
.
O n e other m a tter and I w i ll close
In 1 8 7 9 the T w enty fi ft h A n n i vers a ry of the fou nd i ng of
L a wren ce Kan sas was celeb r a ted by a reu n i o n of the early
settl e rs a n d others conne cted w i th the first K a ns as m ove m e nt
The occ a s i on was o ne of gre a t i nterest a n d n atur a lly m a ny
.
-
,
,
.
,
42
recollect i on s and re m i n i scen ce s w ere e x ch a nged so m e of w h i ch
fou nd the i r way i nto n e wspapers The press of t h e cou n try
rev i ewed the gre at struggle wh i ch s aved Kan sas for freedo m
and awarded due cred i t t o th e E m i grant A i d C om p any a s the
pr i m e force i n th at m ov e m en t Th i s brought ou t the follow i ng
”
“
fro m a R ad i cal Abol i t i on i st wh i ch appeared i n th e Boston
D a i ly A d v er t i s er of Septe m b er 9 t h 1 8 79
,
.
,
.
,
,
To t h e E d i t o
r o
f
t he B o
s
to
n
D a i l y A d v er t is
er
W i ll y o u a ll o w o n e w h o w as n o t u n f am i l i a r wi th t h e e a rly K a n s as
e m i g r a t i o n t o c r i t i c is e y o u r t w o v a l u a b l e e d i t o r i a l s o n th a t s u b j e c t a s
b e i ng w r i tt e n t o o e x c l u si v e ly fr o m t h e p o i n t o f v i e w o f t h e E m i gr a n t
A i d S o c i e ty
N o o n e c a n d e ny t h e i m p o r t a n t i n fl u e n c e e x e rt e d b y th a t a ss o c i a
t i o n th o u gh i t a l w ay s s e e m e d t o m e th a t i t s o rg an i z e d e m i g r at i o n i n
c o nt r o l fr o m a
a s tr i c t s e n s e w as a fa i l u r e a s m us t b e a l l a tt e m p t s t o
I t s ass o c i a t e d e mi g r an t s
d is t a n c e t h e s e ttl e m e n t o f a n e w c o m m u n i ty
w e r e a p t t o s e p ar a t e o n r e ac h i ng Kan s as
Wh e n i t s s aw m i ll s b r o k e d o w n th e r e h ad t o b e n e g o t i a t i o n s a c r o ss
h a lf t h e c o n t i n e nt b e fo r e th e y c o u l d b e r e p ai r e d ; an d m ean w h i l e p ri
v a t e e nt e r pr is e h a d p e rh a p s s e t u p a b e tt e r s a w m i l l n o t f ar o ff
“ Wh t t h e
S o c i e ty re a lly d i d w as t o ad v e r t is e K ans as an d t o
a
Th is w as a v e ry
d i r e c t th i th e r a re a l ly s u p e r i o r c l ass o f s e ttl e rs
B u t th e s e e a rly s e ttl e rs w e r e l i k e m o s t N o r t h e rn
i m p o rt a n t fi r s t s t e p
W h e n c ivi l w ar c am e n e w l e ad e r s
m e n a t th a t p e r i o d m e n o f p e a c e
h ad t o c o m e t o t h e fr o n t a n d n e w i n s tr u m e n t a l i t i e s p r o v e d n e c e s s a ry
T h e r e a l c r isis o f K a n s as w as i n 1 8 5 6 a ft e r y o u r b ri e f r e c o r d t e r m i
Th a t y e a r b r o u gh t a s t a t e o f th i n g s i n w h i c h t h e E mi gr a n t
n ate s
A i d S o c i e ty w as p r a c t i c a lly p a r a ly z e d an d i t w as n e c e ss a r y t o fo r m
o bj e c t i o n t o
b u y i ng S h a rp s r i fl e s
n e w o rg a n i z a t i o n s w h i c h h a d n o
Th e fo r m a t i o n o f th e s e K an s as C o m m i tt e e s i n t h e fr ee s ta t e s a n d
t h e l e ad e r s h i p o f B r o w n L a n e a n d M o ntg o m e ry w i th i n t h e t e rri t o ry
w e r e w h a t fi n ally s av e d K a n s as t o fr e e d o m
B u t f o r th e s e i n fl u e n c e s t h e M i ss o u r i a n i n v a si o n w o u l d h a v e sw e p t
E m i gr an t Ai d S o c i e ty an d i t s w o rk
a w ay e v e r y t r a c e o f t h e
My c r i t i c is m o f y o u r s e r i e s o f a r t i c l e s is th e r e fo r e th a t th e y s t 0 p
w h e r e t h e r e a l K ans as t ro u b l e b e g an
T W H
C AM B R I D G E
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“
The au thor of th e above i s sa i d to be a wr i ter of Pure
”
Engl i sh but there i s o n e th i n g a bou t th i s produ ct i on purer
than i ts Engl i sh a n d th a t i s i ts n on se nse The q u al i ti es o f a
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4
3
”
profess i o n a l novel i st a re not q u i te sub m e rged i n the a m a teu r
h i s t or i a n a n d the above i nd uce s th e bel i ef th a t i ts a ut ho r would
Should
m ake Ch a rles Le e the hero o f the b a ttle of Mon m o u th
he ever e nl a rge the sphere o f h i s labors so as to i n clude the
wr i t i ng of s a cred h i story we sh al l prob ab ly learn th a t B a r a bbas
a n d the two th i eves were the fou nd ers of the C hr i st i a n rel i g i on
A s for Brown Lan e and M ontgo m e ry we w i ll le a ve the m
where Profes sor S pr i ng i n h i s H i story of Kans as le a ves the m
and poster i ty w i ll fi nd the m there i n all future t i m e
”
In reg a rd t o the Ne w Organ i z at i on s and Ka nsas C o m
"
”
“
T W H that there
m i ttees
i t prob ably d i d not occu r to
would have been n o occas i on for s uch bod i es h ad i t not bee n for
the foundat i on la i d by the E m i gr a n t A i d Co m pany They s us
t a i n e d the sa m e relat i o n to th a t body as the bra n ches of a tree
d o t o i t s tru nk an d roots If i t was h i s purpose t o rob those
con nected w i th the E m i g ran t A i d C o m pany of the i r j ust cred i t
by g i v i ng the i m press i o n th a t they we re n o t concerned i n the
l a te r org a n i z a t i ons wh i ch he cl a i m s s a ved K a ns a s the fol l ow i n g
f ro m the Boston D a i ly A d v ert i s er o f July 1 7 1 8 5 6 w i l l sho w
how trustworthy a re h i s pre m i ses :
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L d i n g Ed i t ri
"
o
ea
“
“
T H E S Y STE M ATI C
a
,
l
R E L IEF
OF
KA N S A S
.
rr an g e m e n t s m ad e l a s t w e e k at t h e n a t i o n a l c o n v e n t i o n a t
o f t h e f ri e n d s o f K a n s a s
f o r g i v i ng s y s t e m t o t h e g e n e r a l
B u ff a l o
d e si r e o f t h e n o rth e r n s t a t e s t o a s s i s t t h e fr e e m e n o f K a n s a s a re su c h
pr o m i s e an i m m e d i a t e c o n c e n tr at i o n o f ac t i o n a n d s e e m t o u s t o
as
e v i n c e gr e a t p r a c t i c a l w i s d o m
“
F o r th is p u rp o s e t h e c o n v e n t i o n n a m e d t h e n a t i o n a l e x e c u t i v e
c o mm i tt e e h a v i ng a q u o r u m o f i t s m e m b e rs i n t h e c i ty o f C h i c a g o
to
a d is b u r si ng c o m m i tt e e o f t h e fu n d s c o ll e c t e d i n t h e d i ff e r e n t
ac t as
p a rt s o f t h e c o u ntry f o r t h e b e n e fi t o f K a n s as s e tt l e r s an d e m i g ra nt s
Th e
a
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q u a lly i m p o rt a n t o f s e c u r i ng a u n i v e rs a l c o n t ri
b u t i o n t o th e s e f u n d s t h e c o nv e n t i o n a d o pt e d a m e a sur e w h i c h a ls o
O n m o t i o n o f M r G e r r i t S m i th M r E l i
h as o u r d e c i d e d a ppr o v a l
Th ay e r o f th is s t a t e w as a p p o i nt e d a c o m m i tt e e o f o n e t o t ak e c h a rg e
o f t h e s y s t e m a t i c o r g a n i z a t i o n o f a l l t h e s t a t e s fr i e n d ly t o K a n s a s f o r
We b e l i e v e t h e c o nv e nt i o n w as w is e i n m ak i ng th is c o m
h e r re l i e f
“
Fo
r t
he
o
b j ec t ,
e
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44
n s is t o f o n e p e r s o n W e b e l i e v e i t p a rt i c u l a rly f o rt u n at e in
a pp o i n t i ng M r Th a y e r t o a d u ty w h i c h h e c a n d is c h a rg e s o
e ffi c i e ntl y
T h e s e r v i c e w h i c h h e h a s r e n d e r e d t o K a n s a s fi r s t by c r e a t i n g t h e
E m i gr a n t Ai d C o m p a ny i n t h e fa ce o f gr e a t d e p r e ssi o n a n d n e x t by
c o n s t a nt p u b l i c a n d p r iv a t e a pp e a l s i n b e h a lf o f K a n s as i s w e ll u n d e r
s t o o d i h N e w E n gl a n d an d N e w Y o rk c i ty Th e w o rk n o w e ntr u s t e d
t o h i m is v e ry c l e a r ly t h e w o rk f o r o n e m an a n d n o t f o r ma ny
W e a re gl a d t o b e ab l e t o a nn o u n c e th is m o rn i ng th a t M r Th ay e r
h as a l r e ad y e n t e r e d u p o n h is w o rk wi th t h e p r o m ptn e ss w h i c h t h e o c
c asi o n d e m a n d s
H e h as p e r f e c t e d a pl an w h i c h m ay c arr y t h e c aus e o f K an s as t o
e v e ry h e a r th s t o n e i n t h e fr e e s t a t e s
It p r o p o s e s th a t th e r e s h a l l be f o rm e d t w o c l ass e s o f K an s as C o m
m i t t ee s ; a s t a t e c o m m i tt e e f o r e v e ry s t at e an d a c o u nty c o m m i tt e e
S o m e o f th e s e c o m m i tt e e s a l r e ad y e xis t E a c h
f o r e v e r y c o u n ty
c o u n ty c o mm i tt e e s h o u l d th e n a pp o i nt a t o w n ag e n t f o r e v e ry t o w n i n
t h e c o u n ty wi th a u th o r i ty t o a pp o i n t a s o l i c i t o r ( m a l e o r fe m a l e )
Th e s e d is tr i c t s o l i c i t o rs a pply
f o r e v e r y s c h o o l d is t ri c t i n t h e t o w n
t o e v e ry m a n w o m a n an d c h i l d i f p o ssi b l e i n th e ir r e s p e c t i v e d i s
t ri c t s ; an d m ak e r e t urn s o f th e ir c o ll e c t i o n s w i th a d u pl i c a t e o f t h e
sub s c ri pt i o n b o o k s t o t h e t o w n ag e nt B y apply i n g t o th is ag e n t an y
su b s c ri b e r c an as ce rt a i n w h e th e r h is s u b s c r i p t i o n h as b e e n d u ly
Th e t o w n a g en t s m ak e re t u rn s t o t h e tr e as u r e r o f t h e
f o rw ar d e d
C o un ty C o m m i tt e e w h o m ak e s r e g u l a r r e t u rn s t o t h e t r e as ur e r o f t h e
St a t e C o m m i t t e e w h o i n t urn r e m i t s t o t h e N a t i o n a l C o mm i tt e e
I n th is w ay e v e ry c e nt c o n tr i bu t e d c an b e t rac e d fr o m t h e h a n d o f
t h e G e n e r a l C o m m i tt e e
wi th o u t an y
t h e d o n o r t o t h e t r e a su ry o f
A n d by th is pl a n t h e G e n e r al C o mm i tt e e d e a l s
c h a rg e o r e x p e n s e s
o nly w i th S t a t e C o mm i tt e e s th e s e wi th C o u n ty C o m m i tt e e s an d th e s e
o n ly w i th s c h o o l d is t ri c t s an d t h e y o nly wi th in d ivi d u a l s
“ I f th is pl a n w e r e f a i th f u lly c a r r i e d o u t
w e s h o u l d h a v e th r ee o r
f o ur m i l l i o n s o f su b s c ri b e r s as t h e r e s u lt wi th s c ar ce ly an y e x p e n s e
f o r ag e n c i e s
W e p u b l is h th e s e d e t a i l s i n ext en s o th u s i n t h e h o p e th at th e y m ay
b e a t o n c e c o p i e d th r o u g h t h e c o u ntry a n d th a t t h e d i ffe r e nt a r ran g e
W e h o p e t o an n o u n c e s o o n th a t
m e n t s m ay b e p u t a t o n c e i n m o t i o n
a r e g u l a r s e r i e s o f r e m i tt a n ce s t o t h e C h i c ag o N a t i o n al C o m m i tte e h as
begu n
W e o b s e r v e d in o u r r e p o rt o f t h e B uff al o C o nv e nt i o n th a t a m e m b e r
o f th a t c o n v e nt i o n e x p r e ss e d t h e fe e l i ng th a t M r Th ay e r s c o nn e c t i o n
w i th t h e E m i g r an t Ai d C o m p a ny w o u l d m ak e h is a pp o i nt m e nt u n p o p u
W e c o n fe ss o u r su rp ri s e at th is s u gg e s t i o n
l ar w i t h t h e c o u ntry
W e b e l i e v e th at t h e u n a n i m o u s fee l i ng o f t h e fr e e s t a t e s o f th is U n i o n
mi t t e e
co
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46
“
"
La ter org a n i z at i ons
before T W H s
were thought of '
These we nt to Kans a s
The co m pl a i nt of the Abol i t i on i sts the m selves early i n 1 8 5 5
th a t we were ready to repel force by force i s a s u fli c i e n t refuta
t i o n of the i n s i nu at i on th a t the e a rly e m i gr a nts would not fight
But they d i d not bel i eve i n shedd i ng blood wantonl y D r R ob
i n s o n s fi rm and dec i ded pol i cy an d the fact that th e s ettlers
were w ell ar m ed w i th S ha rp e s rifles and read y to u se the m
c a u s ed the retre a t of the M i ssour i an s fro m Lawren ce i n Dece m
ber 1 8 5 5
Pr ob a bly T W H d i d not kn ow of these fa cts
”
Aga i n I woul d a s k T W H i f i t i s re a son able for hi m to
m a i nt a i n t hat pr i v a te en terpr i se would be better prov i ded w i th
tools a n d m ater i a l s to repa i r broken do wn saw m i lls th a n a
well organ i z ed corporat i on wi th m a n agers who took i nto con
s i derat i on all the wants n eeds and c i rcu mstan ces o f the under
tak i ng "
Professor S pr i ng i n h i s H i story of Kan sas says ( page 2 )
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3
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w o rk o f t h e B o s t o n o rg an iz a t o n c a n n o t b e ad e q u a te ly e xh i bi
A v i t a l c a p i t a l p a r t o f i t l ay
t e d b y a r i th m e t i c a l c o m p u t a t i o n s
i n s ph e r e s w h e r e m a th e m a t i c s are i n e ff e c t u al —l ay i n i t s a l i gh t i ng u p o n
w h i c h w as c o p i e d f ar a n d w i d e o f d e a l i ng w i th
a fe a si b l e m e th o d
a gr a v e p o l i t i c a l e m e r g e n c y an d i n t h e b a c k i ng o f s o c i a l a n d m o n e t a ry
p r e s t i g e th a t i t s e c u r e d f o r t h e u nk n o wn p i o n e e rs at t h e f ro n t
'
Th e
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The work of sav i ng K a n sas w a s don e before the eyes of the
whol e world W e sa i d w e would do i t and st0 p the m a k i n g of
Slave S ta t e s
We also lai d dow n ou r m ethods ; we went on
j ust a s w e h ad pro m i sed a n d u sed the m ethods proposed a n d
a cco m pl i shed the results a i m ed at w i thout the help of pol i t i c i ans
and i n sp i te of the act i ve host i l i ty of the abol i t i on i sts
No ma n u nless h e i s i gn orant of the facts i n the Kan sas
struggle or i s co m pletely bl i nded by m al i ce or en vy w i ll ever
atte m pt to defraud the E mi grant A i d Co m pan y o f the glory o f
h av i ng s aved Kan sas by defeat i ng the S lave Power i n a gre at
and dec i s i ve co ntest
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D r i n g t h e K an s tro
d c nn o n
ch a s e o i r i fle
*
s a
u
s
an
a
.
l
ub es
Ie
x p en de d
o
f my
0 WD
mo
n ey
fo
r
t h e pu r
47
m ay
The results of the K a ns a s con test
be br i e fl y su m m a r i zed
1
It m ade the Rep ubl i c a n P a rty
3 It ne a rly elected Fre m ont a n d d i d e l e c t Li ncol n
4
i t u n i ted a n d sol i d i fied the Northern st a te s a ga i nst
slave ry a n d w a s a necess a ry tr a i n i ng to e n a ble the m t o s u bdue
the Rebel l i o n
It d rove the sl a ve holders th rough despe rat i on i n to
5
sece s s i on
It h a s g i ven u s a h a r m on i ou s and end ur i ng U n i on
6
It h as e ma nc i p a te d t he wh i te r a ce of the S outh as well as
7
the negroe s fro m the e v i ls of S l a very
It i s eve n now rege ner a t i ng th e S outh
8
2
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In 1 8 5 4 there flo a t e d i n c a reless secur i ty the stau nch old
b a ttle sh i p S L A V E RY S he w a s then u nd i spu ted m i stress of a l l
A m er i c a n w a t e rs
Fo r m ore th a n th i r t y ye a rs she h ad bee n
v i cto r i ous i n every conte st S he h a d see n the power o f her e n e
m i es co nsta ntly d i m i n i sh i ng w h i le her o w n had been constantly
i ncre a s i ng
At th i s t i me fro m the top o f her tallest m ast
w as d i splayed the broad p e n n an t of t h e C o mm odore — fro m
the other m a sts floa t e d other pen n a nts a n d s trea m ers be a r i ng
the legend s of h er m any v i c t or i es
O n on e was the i nscr i pt i o n
,
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-
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r f l i cr
f th
A t i Sl
i
t
55
d 5 6 w s bro ght
b
t by t h i ll g l s lt o f t h S l
p w r p
ti z
th
o f K
Th
i N w Eng l nd
d N e w Y o r k fr m 1 84 8 t o 1 8 5 6
I t w i ll b
fig r
e h e re g iv n
o f 1 8 5 4 w e r e l i ttl e i fl
ri
s e e n th t t h e f ll e l e c t i o
c d by t h e r e p e l o f t h e M i s
Co m p r m i e
*
a
Th e w o
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n de
n
es
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e as e
a s au
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ns
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an
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N aw
s aw
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YO
RK
1 8 48
1 8 49
1 85 0
1 85 1
1 85
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1 85 5
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in
K a n s as )
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48
A D M I S S I ON O F TE "A S
on another
TH E F UG I T I V E
S L AV E B I LL
there TH E D E E D S C O TT D E C I SI ON
wh i le here
w a s h augh t i ly d i spl a yed the record of her l a test tr i u m ph
TH E
”
Her offi cers i n co m
R E P E AL o r TH E M I SS O UR I C O M P R O M I SE
pl a cent m ood were proudly p ac i ng her decks recou nt i ng the
u nvary i ng s uccess of the p ast a n d l ay i n g pl an s for n ew tr i
u m phs i n the future
Cub a to b e acqu i red C entral A m er i ca
a n d a ll to b e dev oted to the bu i ld i ng
a n d Mex i co to be secu red
up of a coloss al s lave e m p i r e
Wh i le i n th i s bl i ssful secur i ty i n t h i s p arad i se of m em ory
a b i llow fro m Boston h arbor struck her s i de
an d ho pe
It was
not a he a vy wave but i t m a d e the O l d sh i p tre m ble an d aroused
the a ttent i o n of offi cers a n d crew All h a n d s on bo a rd soon
B i llow af t er b i llow ca m e
h a d enough to do
For th ree whole years these boun d i ng b i llows ca m e w i th
i ncre a s i ng str ength an d m ost destruct i ve force wh i le the brave
old sh i p p i tch ed and gro a n ed and qu i vered m ore and m ore w i th
e a ch success i ve sh o ck
Her j o i nts were loosen ed and t he w a ters
rushed i n
Her o fli c e rs were u t terly d i sheartened and ran her
for s afety upo n the shoals of Secess i on At le n gth the d ark
w a ves of the R ebell i on s wept h er fr agm ents away and not one
vest i ge w a s left i n 1 8 6 5 of the fam ous craft wh i ch w a s quee n
of a ll A mer i can waters i n 1 8 5 4
That staun ch old b attle sh i p was the h i deous B LAC K P O W E R
wh i ch h ad ruled the U n i ted S t a tes w i th des p ot i c s way for m ore
than th i rty years The b i llows wh i ch struck her were the self
who
s a c r i fi ci n g org a n i z e d co l on i es of sturdy Norther n Yeo m en
These were
h a d deter m i n ed th at Sl avery should be n o m ore
the b i llows that destroyed the old sh i p
But s o m e s ay i t was n ot the b i llows at al l bu t the fo a m on
the i r crests that m ade th e wreck
So m e say i t was not the
thousands u pon thous a nds of br a ve patr i ot i c U n i on lov i n g c i t i
zens organ i zed fo r th i s very work and r i sk i ng the i r all for
Freedo m th at b rought t h i s speedy end to Slaver y b u t th a t i t
was three or fo ur adve ntu rer s and sen sati on a l i sts
all h a ters of
the U n i on an d fr i en d s of an a rchy — that ach i eved th i s great
v i ctory Le t t h e cou ntry j ud ge u p o n the ev i dence of the facts
TH E
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r
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