Ch. 18, Sect 2
The Cold War Heats Up
After World War II, China becomes a communist
nation and Korea is split into a communist north
and a democratic south.
Objective: Explain how Communist came to power in China and how the United
States reacted and summarize the events of the Korean war.
China Becomes a Communist Country
Nationalists Versus Communists
• Chinese Communists battle
Nationalist government of Chiang Kaishek
– U.S. supports Chiang, but his government is
inefficient, corrupt
• Communists, led by Mao Zedong,
work to get peasant support
–
Peasants flock to Red Army; by 1945, communists control
north China
Renewed Civil War
• 1944–47, U.S. sends military aid to
Nationalists to oppose
communism
• 1949, Nationalists flee to island
of Taiwan
• mainland China becomes
Communists establish People’s Republic of China
•
U.S. does not recognize Communist Chinese government
America Reacts to Communist Takeover
• U.S. public stunned by
Communist takeover
•
Conservatives blame Truman for not sending enough aid
The Korean War
“The Forgotten War”
A Divided Country
•
End of WWII, Japanese surrender
in Korea at the 38th
parallel (38° N latitude) divides
• North of 38th parallel surrenders
to Soviet Union; south to
U.S.
•
Republic of Korea (South Korea), Democratic
People’s Republic of Korea (North Korea)
founded
tar613
Pg 613
• 1950, North Korea
invades South - Korean
War begins
• South Korea calls on UN
to stop
invasion; Security Council
approves
– MacArthur put in command of U.N.
forces (South Korean, U.S., other forces)
MacArthur’s Counterattack
•
North Korea drives south, captures Seoul
•
UN, South Korean troops forced into small
defensive zone
•
MacArthur attacks North Koreans from 2 sides,
pushes into north
The Chinese Fight Back
• China sends troops to help
North Korea; push south, capture
Seoul
•
Fighting continues for 2 more years
Video – War or Peace? (7min)
http://www.archive.org/details/1950-12-21_War_or_Peace
MacArthur Recommends Attacking China
• MacArthur calls for war with
China; Truman rejects request
•
•
Soviet Union, China have mutual assistance pact
UN, South Korea retake Seoul, advance north to 38th
parallel
MacArthur Versus Truman
•
MacArthur continues to push for invasion of
China; Truman fires him (April 1951)
•
•
Public outraged over hero’s dismissal
Congressional committee investigation concludes Truman was right
Settling for Stalemate
•
1951, Soviet Union suggests cease-fire
• July 1953 armistice:
Korea still divided;
demilitarized zone
(DMZ) established
Outcome:
1. Lack of success
2. human and (US-54,000),
financial costs ($67billion)
3. help’s elect Eisenhower
(’52)
Left-Side
“Containment Cartoon”
1. With your partner, Analyze the political
cartoon
and answer the corresponding questions.
2. As each group presents, sketch and answer
questions on notes.
3. Attach cartoon onto Left-Side
“Great Expectations”
“Step on it Doc!”
“Unintentional Cupid”
US
Gr. Britain
France
Italy
Portugal
Lux
Netherlands
Denmark
Norway
Belgium
Italy
Canada
Portugal
Iceland
Belgium
Norway
Denmark
Iceland
Netherlands
Lux
“History Doesn’t repeat Itself”
“American Aid to Europe”