1. Which element has chemical properties that are most
similar to the chemical properties of calcium?
A) beryllium
C) lithium
B) sodium
D) magnesium
2. Which statement correctly describes a sample of gas
confined in a sealed container?
A) It always has a definite volume, and it takes the
shape of the container.
B) It takes the shape and the volume of any container
in which it is confined.
C) It has a crystalline structure.
D) It consists of particles arranged in a regular
geometric pattern.
9. The elements on the Periodic Table are arranged in order
of increasing
A) atomic mass
C) molar mass
B) atomic number
D) oxidation number
10. Which orbital notation represents a noble gas in the
ground state? what element do each of these orbital
notations represent?
A)
B)
C)
3. What is the electron configuration of an Fe (iron) atom in
the ground state?
A)
B)
C)
D)
11. Calculate the energy, in Joules, of a quantum of radiant
energy (the energy of a photon) with a frequency of
5.00 X 1015s -1 .
1s 22s 22p 63s 2
1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 23d 6
1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 64s 13d 54p 1
1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 63d 7
4. What is the electron configuration of a fluoride (F) in the
ground state?
A) 1s 22s 22p 4
C) 1s 22s 22p 6
B) 1s 22s 22p 5
D) 1s 22s 22p 7
5. Which of the following elements in Period 2 has all of its
sublevels completely filled?
A) Li
B) B
C) N
D) Ne
6. What is the total number of valence electrons in an atom
with the electron configuration 1s 22s 22p 63s 23p 3?
A) 6
B) 2
C) 3
D) 5
7. Which list of elements is arranged in order of increasing
atomic radii?
A) Li, Be, B, C
C) Sc, Ti, V, Cr
B) Sr, Ca, Mg, Be
D) F, Cl, Br, I
8. Which element requires the least amount of energy to
remove the most loosely held electron from a gaseous
atom in the ground state?
A) bromine
C) sodium
B) calcium
D) silver
A) 3.31 X 1049 J
C) 3.31 X 10 -18J
B) 1.32 X 10-49 J
D) 33.1 X 10 -18J
12. What frequency is radiation with a wavelength of 5.00
x 10 -6 cm?
A) 6.00 x 10 15 s -1
C) 1.5 x 10 17 s -1
B) 6 x 10 15 s -1
D) 1.50 x 10 17 s -1
13. Which orbital notation represents a noble gas in the
ground state?
A)
B)
C)
D)
14. Bronze contains 90 to 95 percent copper and 5 to 10
percent tin. Because these percentages can vary, bronze
is classified as
A) a compound
C) a mixture
B) an element
D) a substance
15. Which must be a mixture of substances?
A) solid
C) gas
B) liquid
D) solution
16. An example of a homogeneous mixture is
A)
B)
C)
D)
aqueous solution of salt and water
sugar
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide
17. How did Mendeleev organize the elements in his
original periodic table?
22. Which particle diagram represents a mixture of an
element and a compound?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A) atomic mass
B) physical properties
C) chemical properties D) all of the above
18. In Rutherford's gold foil experiments, some alpha
particles were deflected from their original paths but
most passed through the foil with no deflection. Which
statement about gold atoms is supported by these
experimental observations?
A) Gold atoms consist mostly of empty space.
B) Gold atoms are similar to alpha particles.
C) Alpha particles and gold nuclei have opposite
charges.
D) Alpha particles are more dense than gold atoms.
19. If 70.0% of the isotopes of an element have a mass of
63.0 amu and 30.0% of the isotopes have a mass of
65.0 amu, what is the atomic mass of the element?
A) 65.0 amu
C) 63.6 amu
B) 64.0 amu
D) 31.8 amu
20. What is the mass number of a carbon atom that contains
six protons, eight neutrons, and six electrons?
A) 6
B) 8
C) 14
D) 20
23. Crystals of salt were added to water and stirred until all
solids have dissolved. Which statement best describes
the resulting mixture?
A) The mixture is homogeneous and can be separated
by filtration.
B) The mixture is homogeneous and cannot be
separated by filtration.
C) The mixture is heterogeneous and can be separated
by filtration.
D) The mixture is heterogeneous and cannot be
separated by filtration.
24. Given the diagrams X, Y, and Z below:
21. Two grams of potassium chloride are completely
dissolved in a sample of water in a beaker. This
solution is classified as
A)
B)
C)
D)
an element
a compound
a homogeneous mixture
a heterogeneous mixture
Which diagram or diagrams represent a mixture of
elements A and B?
A) X, only
C) X and Y
B) Z, only
D) X and Z
25. Which statement is an identifying characteristic of a
mixture?
A) A mixture can consist of a single element.
B) A mixture can be separated by physical means.
C) A mixture must have a definite composition by
weight.
D) A mixture must be homogeneous.
26. When sample X is passed through a filter paper a white
residue, Y, remains on the paper and a clear liquid, Z,
passes through. When liquid Z is vaporized, another
white residue remains. Sample X is best classified as
A)
B)
C)
D)
an element
a compound
a heterogeneous mixture
a homogeneous mixture
27. Any substance composed of two or more elements that
are chemically combined in a fixed proportion is
A) an isomer
C) a solution
B) an isotope
D) a compound
28. Describe diagrams X, Y, and Z using the following
terms:
Pure substance
Compound
Element
Mixture of elements
Mixture of compounds
You may use more than one term for each diagram.
29. A mixture of sand and table salt can be separated by
filtration because the substances in the mixture differ in
A) boiling point
C) freezing point
B) density at STP
D) solubility in water
30. At room temperature, a mixture of sand and water can
be separated by
A) ionization
C) filtration
B) combustion
D) sublimation
31. Which property makes it possible to separate the
oxygen and the nitrogen from a sample of liquefied air?
A) boiling point
C) hardness
B) conductivity
D) electronegativity
32. Recovering the salt from a mixture of salt and water
could best be accomplished by
A)
B)
C)
D)
evaporation
filtration
paper chromatography
density determination
33. Define the following terms:
1) Conclusion
2) observation
3) Hypothesis
4) Inferences
34. The modern model of the atom is based on the work of
A)
B)
C)
D)
one scientist over a short period of time
one scientist over a long period of time
many scientists over a short period of time
many scientists over a long period of time
35. An aluminum sample has a mass of 80.01 g and a
density of 2.70 g/cm 3. According to the data, to what
number of significant figures should the calculated
volume of the aluminum sample be expressed?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
36. A sample of an element has a mass of 34.261 grams and
a volume of 3.8 cubic centimeters. To which number of
significant figures should the calculated density of the
sample be expressed?
A) 5
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4
37. What is the safest method for diluting concentrated
sulfuric acid with water?
A)
B)
C)
D)
add the acid to the water quickly
add the water to the acid quickly
add the acid to the water slowly while stirring
add the water to the acid slowly while stirring
38. Which particle has no charge?
A) electron
C) positron
B) neutron
D) proton
39. Which particles have approximately the same mass?
A)
B)
C)
D)
an electron and an alpha particle
an electron and a proton
a neutron and an alpha particle
a neutron and a proton
40. Which total mass is the smallest?
A)
B)
C)
D)
the mass of 2 electrons
the mass of 2 neutrons
the mass of 1 electron plus the mass of 1 proton
the mass of 1 neutron plus the mass of 1 electron
41. An electron has a charge of
A)
B)
C)
D)
–1 and the same mass as a proton
+1 and the same mass as a proton
–1 and a smaller mass than a proton
+1 and a smaller mass than a proton
42. In the late 1800s, experiments using cathode ray tubes
led to the discovery of the
A) electron
C) positron
B) neutron
D) proton
43. Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of
an He-4 atom?
A)
B)
C)
D)
electrons and neutrons
electrons and protons
neutrons and protons
neutrons, protons, and electrons
44. Which subatomic particle is negatively charged?
A) electron
C) positron
B) neutron
D) proton
45. Which statement best describes the nucleus of an
silicon atom?
A) It has a charge of +14 and is surrounded by a total
of 10 electrons.
B) It has a charge of + 14 and is surrounded by a total
of 14 electrons.
C) It has a charge of -14 and is surrounded by a total
of 10 electrons.
D) It has a charge of -14 and is surrounded by a total
of 14 electrons.
46. List in the correct sequence the experiments and
conclusions that lead to the model of the modern
atomic theory.
47. Which conclusion is based on Rutherford's "gold foil
experiment" and the resulting model of the atom?
A) An atom is mainly empty space, and the nucleus
has a positive charge.
B) An atom is mainly empty space, and the nucleus
has a negative charge.
C) An atom has hardly any empty space, and the
nucleus has a positive charge.
D) An atom has hardly any empty space, and the
nucleus has a negative charge.
48. As a result of the gold foil experiment, it was concluded
that an atom
A)
B)
C)
D)
contains protons, neutrons, and electrons
contains a small, dense nucleus
has positrons and orbitals
is a hard, indivisible sphere
49. Every chlorine atom has
A)
B)
C)
D)
7 electrons
17 neutrons
a mass number of 35
an atomic number of 17
50. What is the charge of the nucleus of an oxygen atom?
A) 0
B) –2
C) +8
D) +16
51. All phosphorus atoms have the same
A)
B)
C)
D)
atomic number
mass number
number of neutrons plus the number of electrons
number of neutrons plus the number of protons
52. What is the total number of protons in an atom with the
electron configuration 2-8-18-32-18-1?
A) 69
B) 79
C) 118
D) 197
53. Compared to an atom of sulfur-32, an atom of sulfur-33
contains
A) one less neutron
C) one more neutron
B) one less proton
D) one more proton
54. Which quantity can vary among atoms of the same
element?
A)
B)
C)
D)
A) less mass
C) more mass
C) 14
A) 6
D) 20
A)
B)
C)
D)
A) adding the atomic number to the mass number
B) subtracting the atomic number from the mass
number
C) adding the mass number to the atomic mass
D) subtracting the mass number from the atomic
number
A) 7
B) 10
C) 3
58. What is the mass number of
A) 9
B) 10
C) 19
B) 49
C) 86
?
D) 4
199 F?
D) 28
D) 123
60. What is the total number of neutrons in the nucleus of a
neutral atom that has 19 electrons and a mass number
of 39?
A) 19
B) 20
C) 39
D) 58
C) 18
D) 32
absorbs energy as it moves to a higher energy state
absorbs energy as it moves to a lower energy state
emits energy as it moves to a higher energy state
emits energy as it moves to a lower energy state
65. When an electron in an atom of hydrogen moves
from the second to the first principal energy level, the
result is the emission of
59. What is the total number of protons and neutrons in an
atom of
?
A) 37
B) 8
64. When an excited electron in an atom moves to the
ground state, the electron
56. The number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom can
be determined by
57. What is the total number of neutrons in an atom of
B) less energy
D) more energy
63. What is the maximum number of electrons that can
occupy the fourth principal energy level (shell) of an
atom?
55. What is the mass number of an atom that has six
protons, six electrons, and eight neutrons?
B) 12
A) all of the artificially produced isotopes of Mg
B) all of the naturally occurring isotopes of Mg
C) the two most abundant artificially produced
isotopes of Mg
D) the two most abundant naturally occurring
isotopes of Mg
62. Compared to an electron in the first electron shell of an
atom, an electron in the third shell of the same atom has
mass number
atomic number
number of protons
numbers of electrons
A) 6
61. The atomic mass of magnesium is the weighted average
of the atomic masses of
A) protons
C) energy
B) electrons
D) gas
66. Which subatomic particles are located in the nucleus of
a neon atom?
A)
B)
C)
D)
electrons and positrons
electrons and neutrons
protons and neutrons
protons and electrons
67. Which statement best describes electrons?
A) They are positive subatomic particles and are
found in the nucleus.
B) They are positive subatomic particles and are
found surrounding the nucleus.
C) They are negative subatomic particles and are
found in the nucleus.
D) They are negative subatomic particles and are
found surrounding the nucleus.
68. An element that has a low ionization energy and good
conductivity of heat and electricity is classified as a
A) metal
C) nonmetal
B) metalloid
D) noble gas
69. Which elements have the most similar chemical
properties?
A) Si, As, and Te
C) Mg, Sr, and Ba
B) N2, O2, and F 2
D) Ca, Cs, and Cu
70. What is a property of most metals?
A)
B)
C)
D)
They tend to gain electrons easily when bonding.
They tend to lose electrons easily when bonding.
They are poor conductors of heat.
They are poor conductors of electricity.
71. Which elements have the most similar chemical
properties?
A)
B)
C)
D)
boron and carbon
oxygen and sulfur
aluminum and bromine
argon and silicon
B) CO and NH 3
D) Xe and NH3
73. Which is a property of most nonmetallic solids?
A)
B)
C)
D)
high thermal conductivity
high electrical conductivity
brittleness
malleability
B) Al
C) Si
D) Cl
75. What are two properties of most nonmetals?
A) high ionization energy and poor electrical
conductivity
B) high ionization energy and good electrical
conductivity
C) low ionization energy and poor electrical
conductivity
D) low ionization energy and good electrical
conductivity
B) upper left
D) upper right
77. Which element at STP is a poor conductor of electricity
and has a relatively high electronegativity?
A) Cu
B) S
C) Mg
D) Fe
78. Which atom in the ground state has a stable electron
configuration?
A) carbon
C) neon
B) magnesium
D) oxygen
79. Which element is a noble gas?
A) neon
C) antimony
B) chlorine
D) manganese
80. Which list of elements consists of metalloids only?
B) B, Al, Ga
D) O, S, Se
81. Which of the following atoms has the greatest tendency
to attract electrons?
A) bromine
C) beryllium
B) barium
D) boron
82. Which general trend is demonstrated by the Group 17
elements as they are considered in order from top to
bottom on the Periodic Table?
A)
B)
C)
D)
74. Which element is classified as a nonmetal?
A) Be
A) lower left
C) lower right
A) Si, Ge, As
C) C, N, P
72. Which two gases can not be broken down by chemical
means?
A) CO and He
C) Xe and He
76. In which area of the Periodic Table are the elements
with the strongest nonmetallic properties located?
an increase in first ionization energy
a decrease in atomic radius
a decrease in electronegativity
an increase in nonmetallic behavior
83. Which term represents the attraction one atom has for
the electrons in a bond with another atom?
A)
B)
C)
D)
electronegativity
electrical conductivity
first ionization energy
mechanical energy
84. Which atom has the weakest attraction for electrons in a
chemical bond?
A) a boron atom
C) a fluorine atom
B) a calcium atom
D) a nitrogen atom
85. As the elements in Group 1 of the Periodic Table are
considered from top to bottom, each successive element
has a
A)
B)
C)
D)
smaller ionization energy
larger ionization energy
smaller number of protons
larger number of valence electrons
86. Which atom in the ground state requires the least
amount of energy to remove its valence electron?
A) cesium atom
C) rubidium atom
B) potassium atom
D) sodium atom
92. Which quantity is equivalent to 50 kiloJoules?
A) 5000 J
C) 5 × 10 3 J
B) 0.05 J
D) 5 × 10 4 J
93. Which measurement contains a total of three significant
figures?
A) 0.12
B) 012
C) 120
D) 120.
94. Which set of laboratory equipment would most likely
be used with a crucible?
A)
87. Which grouping of circles, when considered in order
from the top to the bottom best represents the relative
size of the atoms of Li, Na, K, and Rb, respectively?
A)
B)
C)
D)
B)
C)
88. An atom of which element has the largest atomic
radius?
A) Mg
B) Fe
C) Si
D)
D) Zn
89. As the elements is Period 3 are considered in order of
increasing atomic number, there is a general decrease
in
A)
B)
C)
D)
atomic mass
atomic radius
electronegativity
first ionization energy
95. Which piece of laboratory equipment should be used to
remove a heated crucible from a ring stand?
A)
B)
C)
D)
90. Which mass measurement contains four significant
figures?
A) 0.086 g
C) 1003 g
B) 0.431 g
D) 3870 g
91. How many kiloJoules are equivalent to 10 Joules?
A) 0.001 kJ
C) 1000 kJ
B) 0.01 kJ
D) 10,000 kJ
96. An atom of argon rarely bonds to an atom of another
element because an argon atom has
A)
B)
C)
D)
2 electrons in the first shell
8 valence electrons
3 electron shells
22 neutrons
97. Magnesium and calcium have similar chemical
properties because a magnesium atom and a calcium
atom have the same
A)
B)
C)
D)
total number of valence electrons
atomic number
mass number
total number of electron shells
98. The elements in Group 2 have similar chemical
properties because each atom of these elements has the
same
A)
B)
C)
D)
atomic number
mass number
number of electron shells
number of valence electrons
99. Use dimensional analysis to calculate how many
seconds are present in 4.5 years?
100. Which piece of laboratory equipment should be used
to hold a heated test tube?
A)
B)
C)
D)